Unit 2 Study Guide: Cells and Cell Environments
Name:___________________________ Period:_____
Due Test Day: Tuesday, October 2, 2012
Date:
Objective:
DOL:
1. Name the three observations from the cell theory. Explain why these observations are important.
1.
2.
3.
Explanation of importance
2. Explain the relationship between cell size and surface area. Explain why cells must be small.
Relationship
Why must cells be small
3. Describe five common cell features.
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Ribosomes
DNA
4.Define the term prokaryotic cell. What is the defining feature of a prokaryotic cell.
Prokaryotic Cell
Defining Feature
5. Describe three features of prokaryotic cells.
Enzymes and ribosomes
Cell Wall
Flagella
6. Define the term eukaryote. Relate this term to the terms nucleus and organelle.
Eukaryote
Nucleus
Organelle
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7. Describe the cytoskeleton. Identify AND describe the three types of fibers that compose the cytoskeleton.
Cytoskeleton
1.
2.
3.
8. Describe the cell membrane. What is meant by the term lipid bilayer? What is the cell membrane made from?
Draw a lipid bilayer.
Cell Membrane
Lipid Bilayer
Cell Membrane composition
Lipid bilayer drawing
9. Identify and describe FOUR types of membrane proteins found in the cell membrane.
1.
2.
3.
4.
10. Make a Venn Diagram comparing prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
Date:
Objective:
DOL:
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11. What is the cell nucleus? What is the main function of the cell nucleus.
Nucleus
Function
12. What are ribosomes? What is the endoplasmic reticulum? How are ribosomes related to the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER).
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Relationship
13. Describe the process of protein production. How are the ribosomes and ER involved?
Protein Production
Ribosomes
ER
14. Describe the process of protein packaging and distribution. How are the Golgi, ER, and Lysosomes involved?
Protein Packaging
Golgi
ER
Lysosomes
15. Describe the structure (what it looks like) and function (what it does) of mitochondria.
Structure
Function
16. Identify and describe the three organelles/structures found in plant cells that are NOT found in animal cells.
Explain why they are only found in plant cells.
1.
2.
3.
17. Draw and label the structures and organelles found in both an animal cell and a plant cell.
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Date:
Objective:
DOL:
18. There are seven main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Identify and describe these in the space
provided.
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Internal Compartmentalization
Cell Size
Multicellularity
Chromosomes
Reproduction
Flagella
Metabolic Diversity
19. Identify and describe the three bacterial cell shapes.
1.
2.
3.
20. Discuss the importance of cell walls, endospores, pili, and conjugation in bacterial cells.
Cell walls
Endospores
Pili
Conjugation
21. Bacteria can live in many conditions and obtain nutrients and energy in many ways. Identify and describe the
three ways bacteria can obtain nutrients.
1.
2.
3.
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22. Explain how bacteria can make us sick. What are bacterial toxins and biowarfare?
Sickness
Toxins
Biowarfare
23. What are antibiotics? How were they discovered? Name two problems with antibiotics.
Antibiotics
Discovery
Problems
24. Name three ways in which bacteria are important to humans.
1.
2.
3.
Date:
Objective:
DOL:
25. What is diffusion? How does diffusion relate to homeostasis?
Diffusion
Homeostasis
26. What is passive transport? How does passive transport relate to concentration gradients and equilibrium?
Passive Transport
Concentration Gradients
Equilibrium
27. How do substances move in and around cells? Relate this to diffusion.
Movement of substances
Diffusion
28. What is osmosis? Describe how osmosis works and relate osmosis to concentration gradients.
Osmosis
How does osmosis work?
How is osmosis related to concentration gradients
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29. There are three directions water can move in cells. Name the terms that accompany these directions and explain
how water moves and the impact on the cells.
1. Water moves in
2. Water moves out
3. No net water movement
30. Describe the use of transport proteins in the crossing of cell membranes.
Transport proteins
How are transport proteins used?
31. Describe transport through ion channels and the relationship between electrical charge and ion transport.
Ion channels
Electrical Charge
Ion Transport
Date:
Objective:
DOL:
32. What is active transport? How does active transport differ from passive transport?
Active Transport
Passive Transport
33. Describe movement against a concentration gradient.
34. Describe and draw movement using a sodium-potassium pump.
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35. What are vesicles? How are they used in transport? Relate vesicles to exocytosis and endocytosis. Draw
exocytosis and endocytosis in the squares provided below.
Vesicles
Transport and vesicles
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Endocytosis
36. What are membrane receptor proteins? Provide an example.
Membrane receptor proteins
Exocytosis
Example
37. Identify and describe three functions of membrane receptor proteins.
1.
2.
3.
Date:
Objective:
DOL:
38. Define hormone. Describe the functions of hormones.
Hormone
Functions
39. What is the endocrine system?
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40. Identify and describe two types of hormones (the beginning of the names are given below).
1. Am
2. St
41. What is a feedback mechanism? Distinguish between positive feedback and negative feedback.
Feedback mechanisms
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
42. Describe how the endocrine system and nervous system interact. Relate this to the two glands identified below.
Interaction
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland
43. Describe the feedback relationship between insulin and glucagon.
44. Describe the relationship between water and metabolic waste? What is excretion?
Relationship
Excretion
45. How do kidneys filter blood? Describe the role of nephrons.
Kidneys
Nephrons
46. Describe how the following four organs help in the elimination of urine.
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
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