Supplementary Table 1 | Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding and relationship with oesophageal disease
Study
Year
Type of
study
Prospective
analysis
Patients
Evaluation
Follow-up
(months)
6
Oesophageal
issue
Peristalsis
Weiss et al.S1
2000
43
2001
Prospective
analysis
37
Endoscopy, barium
swallow,
manometry, 24hour oesophagal
monitoring
Barium swallow,
symptom scoring
DeMaria
48
Oesophageal
dilation
Weiss et al.S3
2002
Randomized
clinical trial
52
Endoscopy, barium
swallow,
manometry, 24hour oesophageal
monitoring
24
LES pressure,
motility
Iovino
2002
Prospective
analysis
43
Manometry,
questionnaire, 24hour ambulatory
pH-metry
Symptom scoring,
endoscopy, barium
swallow,
manometry, 24hour pH monitoring
18
LES pressure
Klaus et al.S5
2006
Prospective
cohort
164
33
Oesophageal
body motility
Gutschow
2005
Prospective
analysis
31
oesophageal pHmetry, endoscopy
84
GERD,
oesophagitis
Suter et al.S7
2005
Prospective
analysis
43
6 and 18
2005
Retrospectiv
e analysis
1232
Endoscopy, 24-h pH
monitoring,
manometry
Barium swallow,
band removal
Motility and
oesophageal
dilation
Oesophageal
dilation
Dargent
de Jong
2006
Prospective
analysis
29
Manometry
6 weeks,
6
LES pressure,
peristalsis
Tolonen
2006
Prospective
analysis
31
19
LES pressure
Merrouche
2007
Prospective
analysis
100
35
Oesophageal
dyskinesia
Gamagaris
2008
Prospective
Trial
22
24-hour pH,
manometry,
symptom
assessment,
endoscopy
Symptom scoring,
endoscopy,
manometry, 24hour pH monitoring
Oesophageal
manometry,
ambulatory pH
monitoring
12
GERD, LES
pressure,
peristalsis
Milone
2008
Retrospectiv
e analysis
440
Barium swallow
12
Oesophageal
dilation
de Jong
2010
Systematic
review (20
studies)
3,307
Symptom reporting,
endoscopy,
oesophageal
manometry,
ambulatory pH
monitoring, less
Variable
GERD
et al.S2
et al.S4
et al.S6
et al.S8
et al.S9
et al.S10
et al.S11
et al.S12
et al.S13
et al.S14
9 years
Findings
Impaired relaxation of
the LES; weakened
oesophageal peristalsis,
increased oesophageal
dilation
Increased oesophageal
dilation (prevalence of
71%) and band
slippage
Impaired LES
relaxation, increased
oesophageal dilation,
increased oesophageal
stasis, increased
oesophageal dilation
Increase in LES
pressure, increase in
length of high pressurezone
Incomplete LES
relaxation, increased
percentage of defective
propagations, increased
oesophageal dilation
Increased oesophageal
dilation, increased
oesophagitis and GERD
Increased oesophageal
dysmotility, weakened
contractions of the LES
Reports a 0.6% rate of
oesophageal dilation,
lowest of all studies
Increase in LES
pressure, increase in
length of high pressurezone
Motility unchanged,
36% of patients have
incomplete LES
relaxation (including
after RYGB)
Severe dyskinesia and
worsening of pH-metric
data
Reduced GERD (27%
preoperative, 27%
post-operative, but
decrease in number of
reflux episodes by pH
monitoring); increased
LES pressure, increased
peristaltic wave
duration
Increased oesophageal
dilation; incidence of
14%, which led to
increased GERD
Reduced GERD (32.9%
preoperative, 27%
postoperative, but
decrease in number of
reflux episodes by pH
monitoring)
need for PPI
Naef et al.S15
2011
Retrospectiv
e analysis
167
Endoscopy
12 years
Oesophageal
dilation
Khan et al.S16
2011
Retrospectiv
e analysis
6
Manometry,
symptom scoring
12
peristalsis
Woodman
2012
Prospective
Trial
395
Symptom reporting
24
GERD
et al.S17
Increase in
oesophageal dilation
(25.5% of patients)
Increase of aperistalsis
mimicking achalasia,
reversible with band
removal
Reduced GERD (43%
preoperative, 3%
postoperative)
Abbreviations: LES, lower oesophageal sphincter; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
Supplementary reference list
S1. Weiss, H. G. et al. Treatment of morbid obesity with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding affects esophageal motility. Am. J.
Surg. 180, 479–482 (2000).
S2. DeMaria, E. J. et al. High failure rate after laparoscopic adjustable silicone gastric banding for treatment of morbid obesity. Ann.
Surg. 233, 809–818 (2001).
S3. Weiss, H. G. et al. Adjustable gastric and esophagogastric banding: a randomized clinical trial. Obes. Surg. 12, 573–578 (2002).
S4. Iovino, P. et al. Abnormal esophageal acid exposure is common in morbidly obese patients and improves after a successful Lapband system implantation. Surg. Endosc. 16, 1631–1635 (2002).
S5. Klaus, A. et al. Prevalent esophageal body motility disorders underlie aggravation of GERD symptoms in morbidly obese patients
following adjustable gastric banding. Arch. Surg. 141, 247–251 (2006).
S6. Gutschow, C. A., Collet, P., Prenzel, K., Holscher, A. H. & Schneider, P. M. Long-term results and gastroesophageal reflux in a
series of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 9, 941–948 (2005).
S7. Suter, M., Dorta, G., Giusti, V. & Calmes, J. M. Gastric banding interferes with esophageal motility and gastroesophageal reflux.
Arch. Surg. 140, 639–643 (2005).
S8. Dargent, J. Esophageal dilatation after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: definition and strategy. Obes. Surg. 15, 843–848
(2005).
S9. de Jong, J. R., van Ramshorst, B., Timmer, R., Gooszen, H. G. & Smout, A. J. Effect of laparoscopic gastric banding on
esophageal motility. Obes. Surg. 16, 52–58 (2006).
S10.
Tolonen, P., Victorzon, M., Niemi, R. & Makela, J. Does gastric banding for morbid obesity reduce or increase
gastroesophageal reflux? Obes. Surg. 16, 1469–1474 (2006).
S11.
Merrouche, M. et al. Gastro-esophageal reflux and esophageal motility disorders in morbidly obese patients before and after
bariatric surgery. Obes. Surg. 17, 894–900 (2007).
S12.
Gamagaris, Z. et al. Lap-band impact on the function of the esophagus. Obes. Surg. 18, 1268–1272 (2008).
S13.
Milone, L. et al. Esophageal dilation after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Surg. Endosc. 22, 1482–1486 (2008).
S14.
de Jong, J. R., Besselink, M. G., van Ramshorst, B., Gooszen, H. G. & Smout, A. J. Effects of adjustable gastric banding on
gastroesophageal reflux and esophageal motility: a systematic review. Obes. Rev. 11, 297–305 (2010).
S15.
Naef, M. et al. Esophageal dysmotility disorders after laparoscopic gastric banding—an underestimated complication. Ann.
Surg. 253, 285–290 (2011).
S16.
Khan, A., Ren-Fielding, C. & Traube, M. Potentially reversible pseudoachalasia after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.
J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 45, 775–779 (2011).
S17.
Woodman, G. et al. Effect of adjustable gastric banding on changes in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and quality
of life. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 28, 581–589 (2012).