Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
Objectives:
Anatomy of a Generalized Cell
1. Define cell and organelle.
2. Identify on a cell model or diagram the three major cell regions
(nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane)
3. Identify the organelles on a cell model or describe them, and
discuss the major function of each.
Cell Diversity
1. Name some cell types, and relate their overall shape and internal
structures to their special functions.
Cell Physiology
1. Define selective permeability, diffusion (including simple and
facilitated diffusion and osmosis), active transport, passive
transport, solute pumping, exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis,
bulk-phase endocytosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
2. Describe the structure of the plasma membrane, and explain how
the various transport processes account for the directional
movements of specific substances across the plasma membrane.
3. Describe briefly the process of DNA replication and of mitosis.
Explain the importance of mitotic cell division.
Body Tissues
1. Name the four major tissue types and their chief subcategories.
Explain how the four major tissue types differ structurally and
functionally.
2. Give the chief locations of the various tissue types in the body.
3. Describe the process of tissue repair (wound healing.)
Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
I. Anatomy of a Generalized Cell
Cellular Organelles
Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear Pores
Chromatin
Plasma membrane
Microvilli
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Function
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Centriole
Cillia
Flagella
Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
II. Cell Diversity
Specialized Cells
Example
Cells that connect Fibroblast
body parts.
Erythrocyte
Cell that covers
and lines body
organs.
Epithelial cell
Cells that move
organs and body
parts.
Skeletal muscle
and smooth
muscle cells
Cell that stores
nutrients.
Fat cell
Cell that fights
Macrophage
disease.
Cell that gathers
information and
controls body
function.
Nerve cell
(neuron)
Cells of
reproduction.
Oocyte
(female)
Sperm (male)
Characteristics
Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
III. Cell Physiology
1. Membrane Anatomy
2. Membrane Transport
a. Passive Transport Processes
Simple Diffusion
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
b. Active Transport Processes
Sodium Potassium Pump
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
c. Bulk Transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
2. Cell Division
Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
IV. Body Tissues
Body Tissues
1. Epithelial Tissue
2. Connective Tissue
3. Muscle Tissue
4. Nervous Tissue
Tissue Repair