CHAPTER 6 REVIEW CELL ORGANIZATION • A. THERE ARE UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS. • B. UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS INCLUDE BACTERIA, PROTOZOA, MANY ALGAE, AND SOME FUNGI. • C. A COLONY OR A COLONIAL ORGANISM IS OF FEW TO MANY CELLS LOOSELY ASSOCIATED. • D. A COLONIAL ORGANISM SHOWS LITTLE OR NO SPECIALIZATION AMONGST THE CELLS. VOLVOX IS A COLONIAL ORGANISM WITH SOME SPECIALIZATION. • MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS SHOW SPECIALIZATION OF CELLS WITH THE FORMATION OF TISSUES AND ORGANS.. • WHAT PLASTIDS USE LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE FOOD? • CHLOROPLASTS • WHAT IS A GROUP OF SIMILAR CELLS THAT ARE GROUPED TO PERFORM THE SAME FUNCTION? • TISSUE • WHAT IS THE NETWORK OF MEMBRANE-ENCLOSED CANALS ALONG WHICH MATERIALS MOVE THROUGH THE CELL? • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • WHAT ARE THE STACKED SACS THAT PACKAGE AND STORE CELL PRODUCTS FOR RELEASE BY THE CELL? • GOLGI BODIES • WHAT ARE THE ORGANELLES THAT CONTAIN DIGESTIVE OR HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES? • LYSOSOMES • WHAT ARE FLUID-FILLED ORGANELLES THAT ARE USUALLY MUCH LARGER IN PLANT THAN IN ANIMAL CELLS? • VACUOLES • IN WHAT GENERAL TYPE OF CELLULAR TRANSPORT IS CELL ENERGY (ATP) NEEDED? • ACTIVE TRANSPORT • THROUGH WHAT PROCESS CAN MATERIALS THAT CANNOT DIFFUSE THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE BE BROUGHT INTO THE CELL? • ENDOCYTOSIS • WHAT IS THE CELL MATERIAL WHICH LIES BETWEEN THE NUCLEUS AND THE CELL MEMBRANE? • CYTOPLASM (CYTOSOL) • WHAT GROUP ARE SIMPLE CELLS THAT LACK A NUCLEAR MEMBRANE PLACED IN? • PROKARYOTIC • WHICH PART OF THE CELL THEORY DID REDI CAST DOUBT UPON? • SPONTANEOUS GENERATION • WHAT CELLULAR STRUCTURE PRODUCES RIBOSOMES? • NUCLEOLUS • NAME THE TWO TYPES OF ER AND EXPLAIN WHAT EACH IS MOST LIKELY TO BE TRANSPORTING. • ROUGH (PROTEIN) AND SMOOTH (LIPIDS) • WHAT STRUCTURES ARE UNIQUE TO PLANT CELLS? • PLASTIDS (CHROMOPLASTS, LEUCOPLASTS, CHLOROPLASTS), CENTRAL VACUOLE, CELL WALL • HOW IS DIFFUSION DIFFERENT FROM FACILITATED DIFFUSION? • FACILITATED DIFFUSION IS DIFFUSION INVOLVING A CARRIER. • NAME TWO TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS. • PHAGOCYTOSIS AND PINOCYTOSIS • IF ELODEA CELLS WERE PLACED IN WATER THAT HAD A VERY HIGH SALT CONCENTRATION, WHAT WOULD BE THE VISIBLE EFFECTS ON THE CELLS? • THE CELLS WOULD SHRINK DUE TO THE HYPERTONIC SOLUTION WATER MOVES OUT OF THE CELL. • IF YOU REMOVED CHEEK CELLS FROM YOUR MOUTH AND PLACED THEM IN DISTILLED WATER, WHAT WOULD BE THE OBSERVED EFFECT? • THE CELLS WOULD SWELL DUE TO THE HYPOTONIC SOLUTION SURROUNDING THEM- WATER WOULD MOVE INTO THE CELL. • WHAT WOULD BE THE VISIBLE EFFECTS OF PLACING ELODEA CELLS IN A HYPOTONIC SOLUTION? • NONE - THE CELL WALLS WOULD PREVENT SWELLING. • Explain what would happen to the appearance of a plant that had a large amount of fertilizer added to it without any water. • EXPLAIN WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO THE CELLS OF A FRESH WATER GOLDFISH PLACED INTO A SALT WATER AQUARIUM. Misc. vocab • Fluid mosaic model • cytoskeleton- microtubulesmicrofilaments • endosymbiosis • lamellae, grana, and thylakoids • turgor pressure • nucleoid • • • • • • • Cristae peroxisome centriole cilia, flagella selectively permeable phospholipids mesosome Essay concepts • Fluid mosaic model (draw and explain) • prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell similarities and differences • light vs electron microscopy • membrane proteins, their positions and functions • endocytosis and exocytosis • surface area to volume ratio