Mutations Guided Notes
Name______________________________Per___
What are Mutations?
Mutations are changes in the _______________ ___________________ that happen due to
mistakes when ___________________DNA
2 Major Types of Mutations
1. Gene mutation: these are mutations that produce changes in a single ___________________
2. Chromosomal Mutations: are mutations that produce changes in ________________
chromosomes
Gene Mutations
Point Mutations: these are mutations that
involve changes in one or just a few
___________________ (they occur at a
single “__________________” in DNA)
Include:
 ______________________
 ______________________
Substitutions: Is where one base is
___________________to another base
Deletions: are where on base is
___________________from the DNA
sequence
Insertions: are where an ____________base
is added to the DNA sequence
Frame Shift Mutations
 Are mutations (such as insertions/deletions) that shift the reading frame
 Because each ___________________ is 3 bases long, if one is deleted then many of
the ___________________ ______________will be changed…
Chromosomal Mutations
 Involve ___________________ in the number or structure of chromosomes

They include: Deletions, Duplications, ____________________, and Translocation
Mutations
 Many mutations happen in _______________________ regions of DNA and have little or no
effect

Most ______________________ that cause dramatic changes in protein structure or gene
activity are often ______________ or__________________
 Genetic disorders, etc

Few mutations are _______________________, and give an _______________________ to
the organism that has the mutation
 Beneficial mutations lead to the __________________ of species