REFERENCING
Reference List / Bibliography: A reference list is a list of sources you have used in your final written
piece. It is essential to fully reference the bibliographic details following the APA conventions below. A
bibliography is a list of all the sources you have accessed during your research process.
In-text Referencing: It is essential to recognise the source of the information and reference it in your
writing (in-text). When you use evidence from a source you can either “quote” directly or paraphrase into
your own words.
Book
Book with 2
authors
Reference
List
Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of book. City, State: Publisher.
Neal, M. J. (2005). Medical pharmacology at a glance. Malden,
Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing.
In-text
“Quote” (Surname, Year, p.#).
“…….…..” (Neal, 2005, p.#).
Reference
List
In-text
Book with 3
authors
Reference
List
In-text
Academic
Journal
Article
Reference
List
In-text
Newspaper
Article
Reference
List
In-text
Paraphrase… (Surname, Year).
Pharmacology is ..……… (Neal, 2005).
Author (Year)........paraphrase.
Neal (1999) suggest that….
Surname, I. & Surname, I. (Year). Title of book. City, State: Publisher.
Purdie, N. & Smith, D. (1999). Indigenous rights. Sydney: Macmillan.
“Quote” (Surname &
Surname, Year, p.#).
“There is significant damage…..”
(Purdie & Smith, 1999, p.12).
Paraphrase... (Author & Author,
Date).
……………… (Purdie & Smith, 1999).
Author and Author (Year)………….
Purdie and Smith (1999) suggest...
Surname, I., Surname, I. & Surname, Initial. (Year). Title of book
(edition). City, State: Publisher.
Smith, J., Brown, C. & Jones, V. (2000). Athens was awesome once (2nd
ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
“Quote” (Surname, Surname
According to Surname, Surname &
& Surname, Year, p.#).
Surname (Year), paraphrase….
“Pericles was manipulative…”
According to Smith, Brown & Jones
(Smith, Brown & Jones, 2000,
(2000), Pericles manipulated people…
p.5).
Surname, Initial. (Year). Article title. Journal Title, Volume (Issue),
pages.
Hollander, R. D. & Steneck, N. H. (1990). Science and engineering related
ethics. Science, Technology & Human Values, 15(1), 84-104.
“Quote” (Surname, Year, p.#). Paraphrase … (Surname, Year).
"This idea influences ..."
Science and engineering….. (Hollander
(Hollander & Steneck, 1990, p.
& Steneck, 1990).
90).
Surname, Initial. (Year, Month Date). Title of article. Newspaper.
Retrieved from URL.
Dicum, G. (2010, December 1). A book lover's San Francisco. New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Surname (Year) reports ….”.
Dicum (2010) reports “San
Francisco...”.
Paraphrase………. (Surname, Year).
San Francisco......... (Dicum, 2010).
Statistical
data (tables
& graphs)
Creative
Works:
Image
Creative
Works: DVD
Reference
List
Company. (Year). Data title [Data file]. Retrieved from Database, URL.
Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Report on the Australian population
[Data file]. Retrieved from Demographics, www.abs.gov.au/stats
In-text
“………….” (Company, Year).
Paraphrase…. (Company, Year).
According to statistics “...” (ABS, The average number of… (ABS, 2009).
2010).
Surname, I. (Year). Image title [Image]. Retrieved date, from URL.
McQueen, A. (2010). Fall 2010 Ready-to-Wear collection [Image].
Retrieved June 2, 2010, from
http://www.style.com/fashionshows/AMCQUEEN/
Reference
List
In-text
... (Surname, Year).
… (McQueen, 2010).
Reference
List
Surname, I. (Writer), Surname, I. (Director) & Surname, I. (Producer).
(Year). Film title [DVD]. City, State: Publisher.
Atherden, G. (Writer), Featherstone, D. (Director), & Pringle, J. (Producer).
(1986). Babakiueria [DVD]. Sydney, NSW: Australian Broadcasting
Corporation.
…………… (Writer Surname, Year).
Babakiueria tackles double standards by... (Atherden, 1986).
In-text
Website
article with
author
Website
Online
Media Files
(Youtube)
Blog
Reference
List
Surname, I. (Year). Title of article or webpage. Retrieved date, from
URL.
Cooper, H.L. (2010). A brief history of tactile writing systems for readers
with blindness and visual impairments. Retrieved 10 June 2014, from
http://www.tsbvi.edu/seehear/spring06/history.htm
In-text
According to Surname (Year)
“Quote”.
According to Cooper (2010) ".….."
Reference
List
Organisation. (Year). Title of webpage. Retrieved date, from URL.
Queensland Rail. (n.d.). Queensland Rail free wi-fi. Retrieved January 6,
2011, from www.queenslandrail.com.au/RailServices
In-text
Organisation (Year) suggests
“Quote”.
Queensland Rail (n.d.) suggests
…
Reference
List
Creator. (Year, Date). Title of video [video file]. Retrieved date, from URL.
CSIRO. (2009, May 25). CSIRO - Making a difference [Video file].
Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t_1mip1iS70
In-text
Creator Name (Year)…
The CSIRO YouTube video
(2009) reveals ...
Reference
List
Surname, Initial. (Year, Date). Title of article or webpage [Web log
post]. Retrieved from URL.
Becker, G. (2011, January 2). Implications of student performance [Web
log post]. Retrieved from http://uchicagolaw.typepad.com/beckerposner/
In-text
“Quote…” (Surname, Year, paragraph #).
"Modern economies have enormous ...." (Becker, 2011, para. 7).
Paraphrase … (Surname, Year).
………….. (Cooper, 2010).
Paraphrase …… (Surname, Year).
……………. (Queensland Rail, 2014).
………….. (Creator, Year).
………….. (CSIRO, 2009).
Source: QUT Cite/Write http://www.citewrite.qut.edu.au/cite/qutcite.jsp#apa