Chapter 21 - Birds: Feathers, Flight and Endothermy Name ____________________________ 1. Birds belong to the _______________Kingdom, the _________________Phylum, the ________________Subphylum and the ________________________Class. The earliest bird ___________________________show reptilian features. 2. Feathers are modified reptilian _______________ and develop from tiny pits called __________________________. 3. Match the feather to its description. ____ down feathers ____ flight feathers ____ countour feathers a. covers the body and gives the bird shape b. provides insulation c. specialized countour feathers found on the wings and tail 4. Why does a bird put oil on its feathers?________________________________________________________ 5. What is preening and why is it done?__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Name two structures on the bird skeleton that no other living vertebrate has. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What purpose does the large keeled breastbone serve? (fig 21.5) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What is an endotherm? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. In the avian heart, the __________________ and_______________________ are completely separated. This prevents mixing of ___________ ________________ blood with ___________ ________________ blood. 10. Why do birds have a much higher demand for energy than other animals? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. How far can migrating birds fly? _______________________________________________________ 12. Use the picture of the Avian Lung Structure (page 335) to answer true or false to the following statements. ______ During inhalation (inspiration), fresh air is pulled into the thorasic air sacs. ______ The abdominal air sacs are located posterior to the thorasic air sacs. ______ During exhalation (expiration), fresh air from the abdominal air sacs enters the lungs. ______ During exhalation (expiration), fresh air from the thorasic air sacs enters the lungs. "Up Close: Bald Eagle" (scientific name: _____________________ _____________________) 13. What is the most important sense in the bald eagle? ____________________________________________________ 14. What do bald eagles eat? _________________________________________________________________________ 15. What does the eagle use its curved beak for? __________________________________________________________ 16. What is the function of the cerebrum? _______________________________________________________________ 17. What substances exit the cloaca? ____________________________________________________________________ 18. What is the function of the crop? ____________________________________________________________________ 19. What is the function of the gizzard? __________________________________________________________________ 20. Describe the monogamous relationship of birds. _______________________________________________. 21. Describe the Order Passeriformes.___________________________________________________________. 22. Describe the beak of a cardinal. (scientific name: _____________________ _____________________) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. Describe the feet of Order Galliformes. What are they adapted for? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 24. What are long legs, like those on a heron, adapted for?___________________________________________ 25. The American robin has __________________ chicks and the Killdeer have ___________________chicks.