NANCY KAY MEHRKENS STEBLAY
Department of Psychology
Augsburg College
2211 Riverside Avenue
Minneapolis MN 55454
612-330-1201
steblay@augsburg.edu
CURRENT APPOINTMENT Professor of Psychology
EDUCATION
Ph.D. (1981) Experimental Social Psychology,
University of Montana
B.A. (1975) Psychology, Bemidji State University
PREVIOUS APPOINTMENTS (Augsburg faculty since 1988)
2005–present
2000-2006
1989-2000
1990-1993
1988-1989
1987-1988
1981-1987
1980-1981
Director, Psychology and Law Concentration
Assistant to the Provost for Special Projects
Psychology Department Chair, Augsburg College
Chair, Augsburg Institutional Review Board
Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology
Macalester College, St. Paul, Minnesota
Project Director II, Quantitative Analysis
Consumer Research Services
General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
Assistant Professor (tenured), Department of Psychology
Concordia College, Moorhead, MN; Department Chair, 1983-1986
Instructor, Department of Management
School of Business Administration
University of Montana
MEMBERSHIPS
Association for Psychological Science
American Psychological Association
American Psychology-Law Society (APA-Division 41)
Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition
HONORS
Distinguished Contributions for Excellence in Scholarship
(Augsburg, 2011)
Dean’s Research Scholarship (Augsburg, 2009)
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SCIENTIFIC REVIEW
Editorial Board member
Law and Human Behavior
Applied Cognitive Psychology
Journal manuscript review Occasional reviews for Psychology, Crime and
Law; Legal and Criminological Psychology; Journal of Applied Social
Psychology; Psychological Bulletin; Psychology, Public Policy, and Law;
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied; Current Directions in
Psychological Science; Perspectives on Psychological Science;
Philosophical Psychology; Psychological Science; Canadian Journal of
Behavioural Science; Police Quarterly; Journal of Police and Criminal
Psychology; Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition.
Peer Review panel
Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Dept. of Justice
Grant review
National Science Foundation
National Institute of Justice
Conference paper review
American Psychology-Law Society
SARMAC
Book reviews
multiple publishers
COURSES TAUGHT
Introduction to Psychology
Social Behavior
Personality
Psychology and Law
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Individual Differences
Decision-Making (Honors program)
Research Methods I and II
Advanced Research Seminar
Advanced Topics in Psychology
RECENT GRANT SUPPORT
Steblay, N. K. (2004). Grant # 2004-IJ-CX-0044. Double-Blind/Sequential Police
Lineup Procedures: Toward an Integrated Laboratory & Field Practice Perspective.
National Institute of Justice. Final Report published (2014) as NIJ Document # 246939.
Available at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/246939.pdf
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Steblay, N. (2007) Grant # 2007-IJ-CX-0046. Reduction of False Convictions through Improved
Identification Procedures: Further Refinements for Street Practice and Public Policy. National
Institute of Justice.
Steblay, N. (2014). NSF Grant # 1420181. "Collaborative Research: RUI: Understanding
and Predicting Eyewitness Identification Errors: Studies Using a Unique Set of Materials
from Actual Lineups," in collaboration with Gary L. Wells, Iowa State University.
INVITED TALKS (relevant to psychology and law) include:
National Academy of Sciences
Criminal Justice Institute, Minnesota State Bar Association, Minneapolis, MN.
National Association of Appellate Court Attorneys, Washington, D.C.
Police Executive Research Forum, Washington, D.C.
Death Penalty Conference, Law and Inequality Journal, University of Minnesota.
International Association of Chiefs of Police, Chicago, IL.
National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, Washington, D.C.
Office of the Ramsey County Attorney, St. Paul, MN
Office of the Hennepin County Attorney, Minneapolis
Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension
Minnesota County Attorneys Association
Cincinnati School of Law, Ohio Supreme Court, Columbus, OH.
Creighton University School of Law
University of Minnesota School of Law
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York City
University of Arkansas. Fayetteville, AR
Princeton University Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
Suburban Peace and Police Officer Association, Minneapolis MN
California Public Defenders’ Association
Washington D.C. Public Defender Service
Loyola University Chicago School of Law
Cardozo Law School, New York, NY.
Duquesne University School of Law, Pittsburgh, PA
University of Cincinnati College of Law, Cincinnati
University of Minnesota Psychology Department
Police Executive Research Forum
Tucson Police Department
San Diego Police Department
Minnesota Public Defenders
Philadelphia Police Department
California State Sheriffs’ Association
Georgia Police Accreditation Coalition
National Black Prosecutors Association
Arkansas Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers
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SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES
Steblay, N.K., Dysart, J.E., & Wells, G.L. (2015). An unrepresentative sample
is unrepresentative regardless of the reason: A rejoinder to Amendola and Wixted.
Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11 (2) 295-298. doi: 10.1007/s11292-015-9233-z
Wells, G.L., Dysart, J.E., & Steblay, N.K. (2015). The flaw in Amendola and Wixted’s
conclusion on simultaneous versus sequential lineups. Journal of Experimental
Criminology, 11 (2), 285-289. doi: 10.1007/s11292-014-922-4.
Wells, G.L., Steblay, N.K., & Dysart, J.E. (2015). Double-Blind Photo-Lineups Using
Actual Eyewitnesses: An Experimental Test of the Sequential versus Simultaneous
Lineup Procedure. Law and Human Behavior, 39 (1), 1-14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000096
Steblay, N.K., Wells, G.L., & Douglass, A.B. (2014). The eyewitness post-identification
feedback effect 15 years later: Theoretical and policy implications. Psychology, Public
Policy, and Law, 20, 1-18. doi: 10.1037/law0000001
Steblay, N.K., Tix, R.W., & Benson, S.L. (2013). Double exposure: The effects of
repeated identification lineups on eyewitness accuracy. Applied Cognitive Psychology,
27, 644-654. doi: 10.1002/acp.2944
Wells, G.L., Steblay, N.K., & Dysart, J.E. (2012). Eyewitness Identification Reforms:
Are Suggestiveness-Induced Hits and Guesses True Hits? Perspectives on Psychological
Science, 7 (3), 264-271. doi: 10.1177/1745691612443368
Steblay, N.K. (2012). How I got started: Field experiments, meta-analysis, and
eyewitness memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 26, 823-824. DOI: 10.1002/acp
Steblay, N.K., & Phillips, J. (2011). The not-sure response option in sequential lineup
practice. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 25, 768.774. doi: 10.1002/acp.1755
Steblay, N.K., Dysart, J. E., & Wells, G.L. (2011). Seventy-two tests of the sequential
lineup superiority effect: A meta-analysis and policy discussion. Psychology, Public
Policy, and Law, 17 (1), 99-139. doi: 10.1037/a0021650
Steblay, N.K. (2011). What we know now: The Evanston Illinois lineups, Law and
Human Behavior, 35, 1, 1-12. doi: 10.1007/s10979-009-9207-7
Steblay, N.K., Dietrich, H.L., Ryan, S.L., Raczynski, J.L., & James, K.A. (2011).
Sequential lineup laps and eyewitness accuracy, Law and Human Behavior, 35, 262-274.
doi: 10.1007/s10979-010-9236-2
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Steblay, N. (2008). Commentary on “Studying eyewitness investigations in the field”: A
look forward. Law and Human Behavior, 32: 11-15. doi: 10.1007/s10979-007-9105-9
Douglass, A., & Steblay, N., (2006). Memory distortion in eyewitnesses: A metaanalysis of the post-identification feedback effect. Applied Cognitive Psychology. 20,
859-869.
Steblay, N., Hosch, H., Culhane, S., & McWethy, A., (2006). The impact on juror
verdicts of judicial instruction to disregard inadmissible evidence: A meta-analysis. Law
and Human Behavior, 30, 469-492.
Steblay, N., Dysart, J., Fulero, S., & Lindsay, R.C.L. (2003). Eyewitness accuracy rates
in police showups and lineup presentations: A Meta-Analytic Comparison. Law and
Human Behavior, 27, 523-540.
Steblay, N., Dysart, J., Fulero, S., & Lindsay, R.C.L. (2001). Eyewitness accuracy rates
in sequential and simultaneous lineup presentations: A meta-analytic review.
Law and Human Behavior, 25, 459-473. doi:10.1023/A:1012888715007
Steblay, N.M., Besirevic, J., Fulero, S., & Jimenez-Lorente, B. (1999). The effects of
pre-trial publicity on juror verdicts: A meta-analytic review. Law and Human Behavior,
23, 219-235.
Steblay, N.M. (1997). Social influence in eyewitness recall: A meta-analytic review of
lineup instruction effects. Law and Human Behavior, 21, 283-297.
doi:10.1023/A:1024890732059
Steblay, N.M. & Bothwell, R. (1994). Evidence for hypnotically refreshed testimony:
The view from the laboratory. Law and Human Behavior, 18, 635-652.
Steblay, N.M. (1992). A meta-analytic review of the weapon-focus effect. Law and
Human Behavior, 16, 413-424.
Beaman, A.L., Steblay, N.M., Preston, M., & Klentz, B. (1988). Compliance as a
function of elapsed time between first and second requests. Journal of Social
Psychology, 128, 233-244.
Steblay, N.M. (1987). Helping behavior in rural and urban environments: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 346-356.
Walsh, J.A., Wollersheim, J.P., Bach, P.J., Bridgwater, C.A., Klentz, B.A., & Steblay,
N.M. (1985). Program evaluation as applied to the goals of a psychology department
clinic. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 16, 661-670.
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Beaman, A., Cole, M., Klentz, B., Preston, M., & Steblay, N. (1983). Summary
characteristics of the foot-in-the-door literature. Psychological Documents, 13, 6.
Beaman, A., Cole, M., Klentz, B., Preston, M., & Steblay, N. (1983). A meta-analysis of
fifteen years of foot-in-the-door research. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9,
181-196.
BOOK CHAPTERS
Steblay, N.K. (2015). Eyewitness memory. In APA Handbook of Forensic Psychology,
Volume 2: Criminal Investigation, Adjudication, and Sentencing Outcomes, B. Cutler &
P. Zapf (Eds.). Washington DC: American Psychological Association Press, 187-224.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14462-007.
Steblay, N.K. (2014). Reforming eyewitness identification: Cautionary lineup
instructions; weighing the advantages and disadvantages of show-ups versus lineups. In
A Criminal Procedures Anthology: Cases, Readings, and Comparative Perspectives, R.
Mack (Ed.), p. 473. Cognella, Inc.
Steblay, N.K. (2013). Lineup Instructions. In Reform of Eyewitness Identification
Procedures, B. Cutler (Ed.), p. 65-86, APA Press.
Steblay, N.K., & Loftus, E. F. (2012). Eyewitness memory and the legal system. In E.
Shafir (Ed.) The Behavioral Foundations of Public Policy, p. 145-162. Princeton
University Press & Russell Sage Foundation.
Steblay, N., & Loftus, E.F., (2010). Eyewitness memory. In Goldstein, E.B. (Ed.)
Encyclopedia of Perception. Sage Reference, Sage Publications.
Steblay, N.K. (2010). Improving the Accuracy of Eyewitness Evidence. In Inside the
Minds: Adapting to New Eyewitness Identification Procedures. Boston: Aspatore Books/
ThompsonWest Publishing.
Steblay, N. (2008). Eyewitness identification, field studies. In Cutler, B.L., (Ed.)
Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law. Sage Reference, Sage Publications.
Steblay, N. (2008). Juries and inadmissible evidence. In Cutler, B.L., (Ed.)
Encyclopedia of Psychology and Law. Sage Reference, Sage Publications.
Steblay, N., Besirevic, J., Fulero, S., & Jimenez-Lorente, B. (2007). The effects of
pretrial publicity on juror verdicts: A meta-analytic review. In Roesch, R., & Gagnon, N.
(Eds.) Psychology and law: Criminal and civil perspectives. Hampshire, UK: Ashgate.
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OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Steblay, N.K. (2015). Scientific Advances in Eyewitness Identification Evidence.
William Mitchell Law Review, 41 (3), 101-137.
Wells, G. L., Steblay, N. M., & Dysart, J. E. (2011). A test of the simultaneous vs.
sequential lineup methods: An initial report of the AJS national eyewitness identification
field studies. Des Moines, IA: American Judicature Society.
Steblay, N.K. (June, 2011). A Second Look at the Illinois Pilot Program: The Evanston
Data. The Champion, 10-15. www.nacld.org
Steblay, N.K. (2009). Maintaining the reliability of eyewitness evidence: After the
lineup. Creighton Law Review, 42 (4), 643-654.
Steblay, N. (2007). A little advice and much encouragement for future field lineup
studies. Promoting Effective Homicide Investigations. Police Executive Research
Forum: Washington D.C.
Klobuchar, A., Steblay, N., & Caligiuri, H. (2006). Improving eyewitness identifications:
Hennepin County’s Blind Sequential Lineup Pilot Project. Cardozo Public Law, Policy &
Ethics Journal, 4 (2), 381-413.
Steblay, N., (2006). Reforming eyewitness identification: Lineup identification
instructions; weighing the advantages and disadvantages of show-ups versus lineups.
Cardozo Public Law, Policy & Ethics Journal, 4 (2), 341-354.
Steblay, N.M., & Beaman, A.L. (1982). Reduction of fear and arousal in dental offices
using reattribution techniques. Journal of the American Dental Association, 105, 10061009.
SELECTED CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS (since 2005)
Brooks, W., De Muniz, P., Dysart, J., Steblay, N., & Wells, G. (2015). National Academy
of Sciences endorses eyewitness Science in 2014: Context and implications. American
Psychology-Law Society Annual Conference, San Diego, CA.
Gintner, C., Olson, C. Petaisto, S., Kraft, J., Matz, D. & Steblay, N. (2015) The effect of
the appearance change instruction on attention and identification accuracy. Midwestern
Psychological Association, Chicago.
Steblay, N.K., Wells, G.L., Dysart, J.E., & Mitchell, D.R. (2012). A double-blind
experiment of simultaneous versus sequential lineups using actual eyewitnesses:
Principle results. American Psychology-Law Society Annual Conference, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
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Dysart, J.E.., Wells, G.L., Steblay, N.K., & Mitchell, D.R. (2012). A double-blind
experiment of simultaneous versus sequential lineups using actual eyewitnesses: Labfield differences. American Psychology-Law Society Annual Conference, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
Keller, J., & Steblay, N. (2011). The discredited alibi: Can it be rehabilitated? American
Psychology-Law Society conference, Miami, FL.
AzBell, G., & Steblay, N. (2011). The premature suspect in police lineups. American
Psychology-Law Society conference. Miami FL.
Wilhelm, K. Steblay, N., & Sporer, S.L., (2010). Look me in the eyes, darling: Weapon
focus effect revisited. American Psychology-Law Society conference, Vancouver, B.C.
Steblay, N. (2009). It’s more complicated than that! Lessons from the Evanston IL field
data. American Psychology-Law Society conference. San Antonio TX. (also Chair of
the session: Eyewitness Identification in the Field.
Steblay, N. (2009). The effect of a “not sure” response option in sequential and
simultaneous lineups. American Psychology-Law Society conference. San Antonio TX.
Benson, S., & Steblay, N. (2009). Multiple identification attempts with simultaneous and
sequential lineups. American Psychology-Law Society conference. San Antonio TX.
Steblay, N. (2007). 2001+6: An updated meta-analysis of eyewitness lineup performance
under sequential versus simultaneous formats. Off the witness stand: Using psychology
in the practice of justice. Conference at John Jay College of Criminal Justice, NYC.
Brey, A., & Steblay, N. (2007). The appearance change instruction (ACI) in police
lineups. Conference-- Off the witness stand: Using psychology in the practice of justice.
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York City.
Tix, R., & Steblay, N. (2007). Multiple identification attempts with simultaneous lineups.
Conference-- Off the witness stand: Using psychology in the practice of justice. John Jay
College of Criminal Justice, New York City.
Dietrich, H., & Steblay, N. (2006). Predatory Sexual Offenders: Post-treatment
registration compliance and recidivism. American Psychology-Law Society Conference,
St. Petersburg, FL.
Garcia, L., Chrzanowski, L., Groscup, J., & Steblay, N. (2006). Pretrial publicity effects
and its influences in verdict preferences across time: Are evidentiary presentations an
effective safeguard? American Psychology-Law Society Conference, St. Petersburg, FL.
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Chrzanowski, L., McAuliff, B., Steblay, N., & Penrod, S. (2006). Mediational effects of
pretrial publicity on jurors: Judgments of defendant. American Psychology-Law Society
Conference, St. Petersburg, FL.
Turtle, J., & Steblay, N. (2005) Lineup identification issues with real officers and real
cases: Addressing legal, logistical, and lamentable problems. American PsychologyLaw Society Conference. La Jolla, CA.
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