Cellular Respiration
Needs an intro for fermentation.
Fermentation(20 minutes + 60 minute wait time)
In this activity you will see the action of yeast cells on glucose and distilled water.
1. Obtain 2 Durham tubes, 2 beakers (100 ml), and 2 test tubes per group.
2. Fill one beaker with half yeast solution and half grape juice, make sure to mix well. Fill one
Durham tube and test tube with this mixture, using a dropper to max-fill. Invert the Durham tube
and place it into the test tube with the grape juice, yeast mixture. No bubble should be in the
Durham tube. This might take multiple tries.
3. Fill the second beaker with half yeast solution and half distilled water. Fill one Durham tube and
test tube with this mixture, using a dropper to max-fill. Invert the Durham tube and place it into
the test tube with the distilled water and yeast mixture.
4. Label the tubes with your group name and place them in a test tube rack in an incubator.
5. Allow experiment to incubate for about one hour or longer, then examine and analyze results.
Cellular Respiration and Carbon Dioxide Production: Using Carbon Dioxide
as an Indicator of Cellular Respiration
Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of cellular respiration. Therefore, we can measure the amount of
carbon dioxide as an indicator of cellular respiration. When carbon dioxide combines with water it
forms carbonic acid. Bromthymol blue will be used to detect an increase in carbon dioxide
concentration. Bromthymol blue is a pH indicator, which turns yellow when the pH decreases or
becomes more acidic. In this assignment we will conduct two experiments.
Experiment 1 (15 minutes)
In this experiment you will determine if your exhaled breath contains a greater concentration of
carbon dioxide than is present in the atmosphere.
1. Obtain two test tubes and add 2 ml of tap water and 3 drops of bromthymol blue into each test
tube. (This should be blue.)
2. Blow into test tube #1 with a straw for 1-3 minutes (careful not to blow too hard and spill).
3. Use a pipette to pump atmospheric air into the second test tube for 2-3 minutes.
4. Record any color changes. (Should turn green in the presence of CO2)
Experiment 2 (This needs to sit for 24 hours or more)
In this experiment you will determine if germinating beans produce a greater concentration of
carbon dioxide than is present in the air.
1. Obtain two test tubes; add 2 ml of tap water and 3 drops of bromthymol blue to each test tube.
2. Put Durnham tubes into the test tubes to make a platform (to keep the beans out of the solution).
3. In tube #1 place 1-3 germinating beans. In tube #2 do not place anything.
4. Cover the test tubes with parafilm, put in a rack, and let sit for 24 hours.
5. Record any color changes and results.
1
Fermentation
a. Which Durham tube contained more gas? Why?
The test tube with grape juice contained more gas. The yeast oxidized the glucose in the grape juice
to produce carbon dioxide.
b. Did the above experiment require oxygen?
The Fermentation experiment does not require oxygen because fermentation is anaerobic.
c. What type of gas was captured in the Durham tube?
Carbon dioxide gas was captured in the Durham tube. The yeast oxidized the glucose in the grape
juice to produce carbon dioxide.
d. What is the experimental variable in this experiment (remember the experimental variable is the
factor being tested)?
Grape juice is the experimental variable.
e. What is the dependent variable (remember the dependent variable is what is measured to
determine if the experimental variable has an effect)?
Carbon dioxide gas is the dependent variable.
f. How many molecules of ATP are produced when glucose is metabolized during fermentation?
During fermentation, only 2 molecules of ATP are produced.
g. Bread is made by mixing flour, water, sugar, and yeast to form dough. Why does the dough rise?
What caused all the concavities in a slice of bread?
The yeast oxidizes the sugar in the dough and forms bubbles of carbon dioxide causing the dough to
rise and air bubbles in the bread.
h. What “toxic” substance is produced when vertebrates undergo fermentation?
Lactic acid is produced when vertebrates, such as animals undergo fermentation.
2
Cellular Respiration and Carbon Dioxide Production
a. Record the results of your experiments in the table below.
Carbon dioxide production in humans and germinating pea seeds
Color of bromthymol blue
after experiment
Experiment #1
CO2 Concentration
(circle appropriate)
: Human Expiration
Tube #1: Exhaled air
Tube #2: Atmospheric air
Yellow
Increased
No Change
Blue
Increased
No Change
Experiment #2: Germinating Beans
Tube #1: Germinating Beans
Yellow
Increased
No Change
Tube #2: Atmospheric air
Blue
Increased
No Change
b. What is the purpose of tube #2 in experiment 1 and 2?
Tube #2 is the control in both experiments.
c. What conclusion can you draw from the results of experiment 1?
Exhaled breath contains a greater concentration of carbon dioxide then is present in the atmosphere.
What conclusion can you draw from the results of experiment 2?
Germinating seeds produce a greater concentration of carbon dioxide then is present in the air.
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Materials
This lab uses germinating beans which requires advanced preparation.
Per Bench
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Fermentation
2 100ml beakers
2 Durham tubes ( we used the extra
small test tubes 10x75mm)
2 Test tubes (the extra small test tubes
need to fit inside)
100 ml yeast solution
50 ml grape juice
Distilled water
2 transfer pipettes
Test tube rack
Marker
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Cellular Respiration Exp. 1
2 test tubes
Bromthymol blue
1 straw
1 pipette( 1ml or 5ml)
1 pipettor
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Cellular Respiration Exp. 2
Bromthymol blue
2 test tubes
2 Durham tubes
1-3 Germinating beans
2 pieces of parafilm
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Per Class
 12 100ml beakers
 24 Durham tubes
 36 test tubes
 600ml yeast solution
 300ml grape juice
 6 bottles of distilled water
 12 transfer pipettes
 6 test tube racks
 6 markers
 6 bromthymol blue
 6 straws
 6 pipettes (1ml or 5ml)
 6 pipettors
 6-18 germinating beans
 12 pieces of parafilm
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