COMMONWEALTH ASSOCATION FOR EDUCATION,
ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
ISSN NO 2322-0147
VOLUME 2 ISSUE 6
JUNE 2014
A STUDY ON THE INTELLIGENCE LEVEL OF HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS OF WEST KAMENG DISTRICT OF ARUNACHAL
PRADESH IN RELATION TO CERTAIN VARIABLES
(EDITOR-IN-CHIEF)
DR MUJIBUL HASAN SIDDIQUI
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION,
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY,
ALIGARH-202002,
UTTAR PRADESH,
INDIA
website: www.ocwjournalonline.com
Excellence International Journal of Education and
Research (Multi- subject journal)
Excellence International Journal Of Education And Research VOLUME 2 ISSUE 6
ISSN 2322-0147
A STUDY ON THE INTELLIGENCE LEVEL OF HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS OF WEST KAMENG DISTRICT OF ARUNACHAL
PRADESH IN RELATION TO CERTAIN VARIABLES.
By
Dr. B. Reena Tok
Assistant Professor
Department of Education
Rajiv Gandhi University (Arunachal Pradesh).
Subhangini Boruwa
Ph.D Research Scholar
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to find out the differences in the intelligence level of male/female,
rural/urban, tribal/non-tribal high school students of Bomdila cluster of West Kameng
district of Arunachal Pradesh. A sample of 144 high school students was taken for the study.
Dr. S. Jalota’s Intelligence Test meant for school children was used to find out the
intelligence level of the students. And to measure the academic achievement, the total
percentage of each student in their last academic exam was used. Results for the study were
calculated using mean, standard deviation and t-test. Results displayed that the overall
performance of the high school students in the intelligence test was average. No significant
difference was found in the intelligence level of male students and female students, while
significant difference was found in the intelligence level of rural students and urban students
and in the intelligence level of tribal and non-tribal students.
Key words:- Intelligence, Academic achievement, rural and urban students and High school
students.
INTRODUCTION
Intelligence is the aggregate or global capacity of an individual to think rationally, to
act purposefully and to deal effectively with the environment. This global capacity consist of
a number of specific abilities like adaptability to a new environment, capacity for acquiring
knowledge and the ability to acquire capacity for reasoning and abstract thought, ability to
comprehend relationships, ability to evaluate and judge, capacity for original and productive
thought etc.. Environment in this definition has a wider meaning which includes persons in
the immediate surroundings, family, the workplace or a classroom. All of us are born with
some level of intelligence; some possess high level, some average and some low level of
intelligence. Again this level of intelligence is boosted by some environmental factors and
sometimes discouraged by some factors. So it is necessary to know which factors go hand in
hand with intelligence and which factors might be a barrier in developing intelligence so that
we can tactfully guide the intelligence of the students that they are endowed with towards
better ends. For this purpose many researches has been conducted upon intelligence of
various groups in relation to various variables. Review of related literature showed that most
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of the studies done on rural-urban intelligence find that rural groups fall below urban groups
in intelligence test scores. Shivalingaiah M., Rangaswamy K.B., and Srinivas M., in their
study found significant difference in intelligence among rural and urban mildly mentally
retarded children. Roberto Colom, Manuel Juan Espinosa, Francisco Abad , Luis F. Garcia in
their study found negligible gender difference in general intelligence between boys and girls.
Ankey (1992) accepts the view that there is no sex difference in I.Q. and that females obtain
higher means on verbal abilities while males obtain higher means on spatial abilities.
Archaryuk found out that there is no gender difference in intelligence while
Shanmugasumdaran (1983) found that women had higher intelligence than other groups.
Shobha Nandwana and Kushagra Joshi in their study found that the emotional intelligence of
tribal students was of a poor level. The tribal people are the earliest inhabitants of the country
and they have maintained a distinctive lifestyle for centuries. But unfortunately the isolation
has kept them out of mainstream and when they are forced to get along with the mainstream
culture, they don’t get adjusted easily. So it is required to find out to what extent differences
in intelligence etc. exists between the tribal and non-tribal population. These are some
studies done on intelligence of different groups of people at different times showing the
relationship of intelligence with different variables. Here the researchers have tried to find out
whether there are differences between intelligence of groups like urban-rural, male-female,
tribal-non-tribal etc. Such studies can help us gain an idea as to what factors may or may not
affect intelligence
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
1. To find out the overall intelligence level of the high school students of West Kameng
district.
2. To find out whether significant difference exist in the intelligence level of male and
female high school students of West Kameng district.
3. To find out whether significant difference exist in the intelligence level of rural and
urban high school students of West Kameng district.
4. To find out whether significant difference exist in the intelligence level of tribal and
non-tribal high school students of West Kameng district.
HYPOTHESES
1. There is no significant difference in the intelligence level of male and female high
school students of West Kameng district.
2. There is no significant difference in the intelligence level of rural and urban high
school students of West Kameng district.
3. There is no significant difference in the intelligence level of tribal and non-tribal high
school students of West Kameng district.
DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The present study was delimited to:
Bomdila cluster of West Kameng district.
Four government schools of Bomdila of Class VIII Students
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SAMPLE
A total of 144 class VIII students of government schools formed the sample for this study.
The sample was selected using the stratified random sampling technique.
TOOLS USED
Dr. S. Jalota’s Intelligence Test meant for school children was used to find out the intelligence level
of the students. And to measure the academic achievement, the total percentage of each student in
their last academic exam was used.
METHODOLOGY
Since the aim of this study was to obtain precise information concerning the current status of
intelligence from the present sample of students, the descriptive research method was found to be the
best suited method for this study.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
For analysis of the data, the statistical measures of mean, standard deviation and t-test were
utilized.
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
The mean of the total scores in the intelligence test of the high school students was found out
to be 52.2 (the intelligence test was on a total score of 100) and the standard deviation was
16.7. So it can be said that the group showed an average intelligence level as measured by the
test. The other results of the study are shown in the tables and graphs below:
TABLE -1
COMPARISON OF MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF MALE AND FEMALE
STUDENTS IN THE INTELLIGENCE TEST:
TOTAL(N) MEAN
S.D.
df
t-value
REMARK
MALE
64
52.8
18.2
142
0.87
NOT
SIGNIFICANT
AT THE 0.05
LEVEL
FEMALE
80
50.3
15.9
It is seen that the computed t-value is less than the critical t-value at 0.05 level. So the first
null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in the intelligence level of male and
female high school students is accepted.
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COMPARISON OF THE MEANS OF MALE AND FEMALE
STUDENTS IN THE INTELLIGENCE TEST
55
52.8
50.3
MALE
50
FEMALE
45
TABLE -2
COMPARISON OF MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF URBAN AND
RURAL STUDENTS IN THE INTELLIGENCE TEST:
TOTAL(N) MEAN
S.D.
df
t-value
REMARK
RURAL
24
48.8
13.7
142
1.26
SIGNIFICANT
AT THE 0.05
LEVEL
URBAN
120
52.83
17.3
The computed t-value is higher than the critical t-value at 0.05 level. So the second
null hypothesis formulated for the study that there is no significant difference in the
intelligence level of rural and urban students is rejected. Significant difference was
found in the intelligence level of urban and rural students and urban students were
found to surpass rural students in intelligence.
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COMPARISON OF THE MEANS OF RURAL AND URBAN
STUDENTS IN THE INTELLIGENCE TEST
55
52.83
50
RURAL
48.8
URBAN
45
TABLE -3
COMPARISON OF MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL
STUDENTS IN TEST ANXIETY:
TRIBAL
TOTAL(N)
MEAN
S.D.
98
50.3
16.9
df
t-value
142
2.01
REMARK
SIGNIFICANT
AT THE 0.05
LEVEL
NONTRIBAL
46
56.2
16.2
The computed t-value is higher than the critical t-value at 0.05 level. So the third null
hypothesis framed for this study that there is no significant difference in the
intelligence level of tribal and non-tribal students is rejected. Significant difference
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was found in the intelligence level of tribal and non -tribal students. And non-tribal
students were found to have higher intelligence level.
COMPARISON OF THE MEANS OF TRIBAL AND NON
TRIBAL STUDENTS IN THE INTELLIGENCE TEST
60
56.2
55
TRIBAL
50.3
NON-TRIBAL
50
45
Thus the main findings of this study can be summarized as below:
1. The overall intelligence level of the students was found to be of average level.
2. There is no significant difference in the intelligence level of male and female high
school students.
3. Significant difference was found in the intelligence level of urban and rural
students and urban students were found to surpass rural students in intelligence.
4. Significant difference was found in the intelligence level of tribal and non -tribal
students. And non-tribal students were found to have higher intelligence level.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
The overall intelligence level was found to be average among the students. Since we
know that intelligence of a person depends upon his heredity and nurtured by his
environment, so it is necessary that these students should be provided opportunities
which enhance their intellectual capacity so that they can progress towards higher
levels of intelligence. In this study tribal students’ intelligence was found to be less
than the non-tribal students and also the intelligence level of rural students was found
to be less than that of the urban students, so it is necessary that the educational
environment of the tribal students as well as of the rural students is enhanced and
specific attention is paid to them by the concerned authorities so that more chances
are provided to these students to enhance and encourage their intellectual abilities.
However while generalizing the results of this study; it is necessary to consider the
sample size. Some other variables might have played their part to some extent for the
findings of this study. Further studies need to be conducted with larger samples and
with different groups of student. Different tests of intelligence should be used as tools
for finding out the relationship of intelligence with varied variables etc. so that we can
generalize these findings at a larger scale.
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