Big Idea 3C Basic Review
1. A gene is
a. A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
b. A sequence of amino acids that codes for a protein.
c. A sequence of codons that code for nucleic acids.
d. The end product of transcription and translation.
2. The process of producing a protein from a specific sequence of nucleic acid is
known as
a. Gene sequencing
b. Gene expression
c. Gene splicing
d. Gene transduction
3. All of the cells in a eukaryotic organism (with the exception of reproductive
cells)
a. Contain the same genome
b. Express the same genes
c. Produce the same transcription factors
d. Both B and C
4. In eukaryotic organisms, gene expression is complex and highly regulated
because
a. Eukaryotic organisms contain many different types of specialized cells
that perform a variety of functions.
b. Different types of cells have to work together and must be able to
respond to intercellular chemical signals.
c. Eukaryotes have more complex chromosomes that require multiple
levels of regulation.
d. All of the above
5. The process by which DNA directs protein synthesis includes which of the
following
a. Replication
b. Transcription
c. Translation
d. Both B and C
6. Transcription and translation occur in
a. Prokaryotes only
b. Eukaryotes only
c. Both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
d. Bacteria only
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7. Which of the following molecules is NOT involved in RNA transcription?
a. DNA
b. mRNA
c. RNA Polymerase
d. tRNA
8. In eukaryotes, RNA transcription takes place in the
a. Nucleus
b. Cytoplasm
c. Ribosome
d. Golgi Apparatus
9. In prokaryotes and eukaryotes where does translation take place?
a. Nucleus
b. Chloroplast
c. Ribosomes
d. Golgi Apparatus
10. A codon is a 3 base sequence of DNA or mRNA that codes for a specific
a. RNA molecule
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleic Acid
d. Amino Acid
11. Amino acids bond together in a chain to form
a. a monomer
b. a lipid molecule
c. a protein molecule
d. a carbohydrate molecule
12. Proteins have a variety of functions including
a. immune function
b. structural support
c. enzymatic activity
d. all of the above
13. In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into a structure called
a. Chitin
b. Chromatin
c. Ribozymes
d. Nuclear pores
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14. In order for RNA transcription to occur in eukaryotic cells
a. 5’ caps and 3’ poly A tails must be added to the molecule
b. a repressor must be removed from the operator sequence
c. the gene that is being transcribed must be unpacked from the
chromatin
d. the entire genome must be exposed to DNA polymerase
15. Transcription factors
a. Are proteins that bind to a DNA sequence near the promoter region
b. Help regulate which genes are expressed
c. Are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
16. During pre-mRNA modification, what is added to the 3’ end of a pre-mRNA
molecule
a. A modified guanine cap
b. A poly A tail
c. An intronic segment
d. A DNA analog
17. The noncoding regions of genes are called
a. chromatin
b. exons
c. introns
d. extrons
18. RNA splicing
a. Removes exons and joins introns
b. Removes introns and joins exons
c. Removes 3’ poly A tails and 5’ caps
d. Removes codons and joins noncoding regions
19. Which of the following allows the same gene sequence to code for different
proteins?
a. Chromatin modifying enzymes exposing different areas of the genome
b. Redundancy in the genetic code
c. Removal of replicons from the transcript
d. Alternative RNA splicing
20. Which of the following is a base found only in RNA?
a. Adenine
b. Thymine
c. Guanine
d. Uracil
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21. Which best describes the shape of RNA?
a. Double stranded, many different shapes
b. Double stranded helix
c. Single stranded, many different shapes
d. Single stranded helix
22. The process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA is called
a. DNA replication
b. Translation
c. Transcription
d. RNA polymerization
23. Which strand contains the genes?
a. DNA template strand
b. DNA non-template strand
c. RNA template strand
d. RNA non-template strand
24. Which DNA strand is used to make RNA?
a. Template strand
b. Non-template strand
c. Both strands
d. Whichever strand RNA polymerase reaches first
25. Which of the following is the correct pair of complementary bases in RNA?
a. Adenine and Thymine; Guanine and Cytosine
b. Adenine and Thymine; Guanine and Uracil
c. Adenine and Guanine; Thymine and Uracil
d. Adenine and Uracil; Guanine and Cytosine
26. During RNA transcription,
a. The DNA strand is read in the 5’ to 3’ direction and the RNA strand is
synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction
b. The DNA strand is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction and the RNA strand is
synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction
c. The DNA strand is read in the 3’ to 5’ direction and the RNA strand is
synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction
d. The DNA strand is read in the 5’ to 3’ direction and the RNA strand is
synthesized in the 3’ to 5’ direction
27. If the DNA template strand is 5’ ATTGGCAATC 3’, then the transcribed RNA
strand will be
a. 3’ UAACCGUUAG 5’
b. 5’ UAACCGUUAG 3’
c. 3’ TAACCGTTAG 5’
d. 5’ TAACCGTTAG 3’
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28. If the DNA non-template strand is 5’ ATTGGCAATC 3’, then the transcribed
RNA strand will be
a. 3’ TAACCGTTAG 5’
b. 5’ TAACCGTTAG 3’
c. 3’ UAACCGUUAG 5’
d. 5’ UAACCGUUAG 3’
29. The 3’ end of RNA is characterized by a
a. Phosphate group
b. Nucleotide Base
c. Nucleic Acid
d. Sugar Group
30. Which of the following is not true of RNA transcription?
a. Both DNA strands are transcribed
b. RNA is synthesized in the 5’ to 3’ direction
c. Adenine on DNA is paired with Uracil on RNA
d. One new single stranded RNA is produced
31. Which of the following is not one of the steps of RNA transcription?
a. Elongation
b. RNA polymerization
c. Termination
d. Initiation
32. Where does RNA polymerase attach to start transcription?
a. Anywhere near the 5’ end of DNA
b. Anywhere near the 3’ end of DNA
c. At the first available location on DNA
d. At the promoter sequence on DNA
33. What happens to the DNA after transcription?
a. It has been used up and leaves the cell
b. It has been used up, but remains in pieces in the cell
c. It recoils into a double helix, and can be used for transcription again
d. It recoils into a double helix, but cannot be used for transcription
again
34. What is the first stage of gene expression?
a. DNA replication
b. Transcription
c. Translation
d. Elongation
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35. How many amino acids are there?
a. 4
b. 16
c. 20
d. 64
36. Each codon codes for how many amino acids?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
37. How many stop codons are there?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
38. What amino acid does the START codon code for?
a. Lucine
b. Glycine
c. Arginine
d. Methionine
39. What is “gene expression”?
a. Making amino acids so they can be made into protein
b. Making the protein or RNA coded in the nucleic acids
c. Folding of the protein
d. Making tRNA only
40. Which of the following best represents the Central Dogma of biology?
a. RNA to DNA to protein
b. DNA to RNA to protein to DNA
c. Protein to RNA to DNA to protein
d. DNA to RNA to protein
41. Which type of RNA is a component of ribosomes?
a. tRNA
b. rRNA
c. mRNA
d. a and b
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42. During which process are ribosomes necessary for?
a. Translation
b. Transcription
c. DNA replication
d. Transcription- Elongation
43. To which of the following is the anticodon loop on tRNA complementary to?
a. Amino acids
b. Codon on DNA
c. Codon on mRNA
d. Protein
44. Where does translation start?
a. At the start codon on the 5’ end of mRNA
b. At the start codon on the 3’ end of mRNA
c. At the start codon on the 5’ end of DNA
d. At the start codon on the 3’ end of DNA
45. Which of the following is the START codon?
a. UAA
b. GUA
c. AUG
d. AUC
46. What is the P site of the ribosome?
a. It is where the protein folds into its 3-D shape
b. It is where the amino acids are made
c. It is where the protein emerges from
d. It is where the tRNAs deliver the next amino acid
47. What occurs during termination of translation?
a. RNA polymerase falls off the DNA.
b. tRNA brings in the amino acid coded for by the STOP codon.
c. The two ribosome subunits fuse together and release the protein.
d. The two ribosome subunits separate and release the protein.
48. What is the final step of gene expression?
a. Translation
b. DNA replication
c. Promotion
d. Transcription
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49. What is the resulting protein chain for the following mRNA strand?
5’ AUGUAUCGCAAUGGCUAA 3’
a. Meth-Tyr-Arg-Asp-Gly
b. Meth-Leu-Arg-His-Gly
c. Meth-Tyr-Arg-Asp-Gly-STOP
d. Meth-Leu-Arg-His-Gly-STOP
50. Which of the following is not part of a virus?
a. Cell Wall
b. Nucleic Acid
c. Head
d. Tail Fibers
51. In the lytic cycle, after a virus enters the cell, the virus
a. DNA is replicated
b. DNA is incorporated into the bacteria’s DNA
c. Lyses the cell and releases new phages
d. Directs the bacteria cell to make component of the phage
52. Each virus has a host range meaning
a. It can only infect a certain type of bacterial cells
b. It can only infect gram positive cells
c. It can only infect gram negative cells
d. It can only infect a certain number of cells
53. One defense that bacteria have against phages are
a. Antibiotic Resistance
b. R factor
c. Restriction enzymes
d. Pili
54. When a virus infects a bacteria cell, what part of the virus enters the
bacteria?
a. Only the nucleic acid
b. The nucleic acid and the virus head it is contained in
c. Only the tail fibers
d. Only the head
55. Viruses are considered non-living because
I. They cannot reproduce on their own
II. Their nucleic acid does not code for protein
III. They are not made of cells
a. III only
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III
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56. In the lytic life cycle of phages
a. The viral capsid is assembled according to the genetic information of
the capsid.
b. Phage DNA is incorporated into the host cell’s genome
c. The entire phage is taken into the bacterium
d. The cell typically dies, releasing many copies of the virus
57. What types of viruses are able to enter the lysogenic cycle and lytic cycle?
a. All viruses
b. Phages
c. Temperate Phages
d. Bacteriophages
58. If a particular operon contains the genes for enzymes that together make an
essential amino acid, and the regulation of this operon is like the trp operon
then
a. The amino acid turns on enzyme synthesis
b. The enzymes produced are called inducible enzymes
c. The amino acid inactivates the repressor
d. The amino acid acts as a co-repressor
59. In order for specialized transduction to occur, which process must have
happened first?
a. Incorporation of viral DNA into bacterial DNA
b. Destruction of bacterial DNA
c. Assembly of virus structures
d. Lysis of the host cell
60. The host cell dies in the
a. Lytic cycle
b. Lysogenic cycle
c. Both
d. Neither
61. Which cycle results in the production of full virus molecules?
a. Lytic cycle
b. Lysogenic cycle
c. Both
d. Neither
62. The end result of transduction is
a. The uptake of viral DNA by the new host cell
b. Binary fission producing bacteria cells that contain both the bacteria’s
and virus’s DNA
c. Many phages containing both bacteria and virus DNA
d. The uptake of the previous host’s DNA by the new hos
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Answers
1. a
2. b
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. c
7. d
8. a
9. c
10. d
11. c
12. d
13. b
14. c
15. e
16. b
17. c
18. b
19. d
20. d
21. c
22. c
23. b
24. a
25. d
26. c
27. a
28. d
29. d
30. a
31. b
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32. d
33. c
34. b
35. c
36. a
37. c
38. d
39. b
40. d
41. b
42. a
43. c
44. a
45. c
46. c
47. d
48. a
49. c
50. A
51. A
52. D
53. C
54. A
55. B
56. D
57. C
58. D
59. A
60. A
61. A
62. D
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