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Mr. Varkey's class :
SPRING PACKET (TURN IT IN ON 4/1/2013)
Do not write the questions. But restate the question in the answer. Must be in full sentences.
(Do this in separate loose sheet, not in your note book) Use your BSCS Bio text book at home
1. What do you see in Page 400?
2. What does the photograph tell us? p 401
3. How does human development begin? p.401
4. Do all organisms begin the same way? p. 401 If No, in what other way? page 401
5. List 2 contributions of reproduction? p.401
6. Read "The Aspen Story" on page 403 (purple area) and answer: How does a small cluster of trees
become a forest?
B
1. Read "Making sense of Reproductive strategies" (page 403). Answer the following questions
a. What is reproduction (403, last paragraph)
b. List two genetic information required for reproduction in humans? (403, last para)
2. Read the essay " Continuity through reproduction on page 474 and answer the following
questions
a. What is reproduction p. 474 para 1
b. What do all species depend on survival? Page 474 para 1
c. How did your individual existence came about (p 474, 2nd para)
d. What is in the egg and sperm cell that was passed on through millions of generation?
p 474, II para
e. List two techniques you use to trace human history?
f. When we think of species we focus on them as a____ not on_____
g. We view continuity as the ____________presence.
g. Existence of any species depends on ___________para 3
i. What is a genetic plan? para 3 page 474
j. What does sexual reproduction require?
k. How does gametes differ from all other cells? page 475
l. Name the male and female gametes?
m. What happens when the gametes come together? Name its product?
n. The zygote develops into a new ______.
o. What does the zygote carry?
p. Give 2 examples, where the product of sexual reproduction.
Q2. Page 475 para 2.
a. Hydra can reproduce two ways. Which are they?.
b. How do hydras reproduce asexually?
c. What is the characteristic of such offspring?
d. Clones?
e. Asexual reproduction? What is their genetic pattern?
Q3.page 475 Fig. E10.2
a. Compare the size of the sperm and the ovum?
b. where is chicken egg incubated?
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Q4. page 476 para 1 See also Fig 10.3
a. Give three examples of asexual reproduction?
b. How does grass reproduce?
c. How does yeast cells reproduce?
d. List two reproductive strategies.
e. List three reproductive variations.
Q5. How does species survive? 476
B.
Read 'Cloning' page 476 Follow the instruction and answer the following questions
1. Give the common definition of cloning. Provide an example. Page 476 1st paragraph
2. Give the AMA definition of cloning
3. Explain the somatic cell nuclear transfer.
4. What does the ovum gain from the existing organism? para 2
5. Does it occur with fertilization?
6. State the last four words of the AMA's definition? What does this definition give?
7. Name the first cloned animal? Its real name? para 3
8. What cell was removed from the udder of ewe?
9. What was removed from the black sheep? male or female?
10. What did the ovum now gain? was it through fertilization?
11. List two items that the original cytoplasm contained (page 476) ; and
an item that was not original (page 477)
12. What was administered to stimulate the egg cell to divide and develop?
13. Why did Dolly appeared to have all the traits of the white-faced ewe?
14. What other animals cloned thereafter? (page 477, para 2)
15. Explain what is 'ethical implication' mean?
16. What must be in place before human cloning has a chance to become a reality?
17. State Dr. Arthur Caplan's (professor of bioethics) ethical pros and cons of cloning (Para 3)
18. Would you support therapeutic cloning ( making cloned cells for research)? Why?
19. What type of cloning is beneficial to Science? (3rd and 5th the last paras )
C.
Analysis Question Page 405
Think about the following questions and record your responses. Look at the information from your
notes, pages 401 to 405, pictures and your previous home works1,2,3.
1. Is reproduction necessary for the survival of an individual? Explain
2. Is reproduction necessary for the survival of a species? Explain
3. Explain the relationship between changes in a species' environment and the effectiveness of that
species' reproductive strategies.
4. Explain the connection between natural selection and reproduction in a way that describes their
importance to biological continuity?
D
See page 406 Look at Fig 10.3
1. Are the examples about sexual or asexual reproduction?
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2. Explain why they are sexual or asexual reproduction?
Read Page 406 "Need to Know" box. True or false T/F Re-writ e the correct answer where it is False
3. Asexual reproduction:
a. Asexual reproduction involves fusion of nuclei?
b. It involves one parents?
c. The offsprings are genetically not same to each other
d. Growing a new plant from a cutting is an example of asexual reproduction
4. Binary fission
a. Binary fission is the division of a cell into two cells of not equal size
b. It involves replication of generic material (RNA) in the parent cell
c. Binary fission is asexual.
d. It is the chief means of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
5. Budding
a. Budding is asexual reproduction
b. The new individuals begin as cancer on the body of a single parent.
c. The cancer separates from the parent and becomes independent
6. Cloning
a. Cloning is asexual reproduction.
b. The new individuals receive the genetic material from two different parent cells
c. The offspring is are identical to the parent
7.a. Fertilization is the fusion of nuclei from two gametes during asexual reproduction.
b. The result of fertilization is zygote
8. a. Fragmentation is asexual reproduction
b. Here a piece is joined from a parent organism grows into an adult
9. Gametes
a. Gametes is another name for reproductive cells.
b. They are produced by in prokaryotes through a type of cell division called mitosis
c. Each gamete contain only one set of paired chromosomes
d. This is as full genetic information as a body cell.
e. During sexual reproduction, the nuclei of gametes divide and become the first cell of the offspring
E. BSCS Text book Page 406 contd "Need to know" box
10. Here on Fill in the blanks
Gestation 8th title (write in full sentences, underline the blanks)
a. Gestation is the ___________ ________ of embryos or __________of young
b. The baby is carried usually in ____________from conception to delivery
11.a. Meiosis is a special process of ________ _______in ___________
b. It produces ________ _____known as __________
c. Each gamete contains only ____ set of ________chromosomes
d. This is ____as much genetic information as a _____cell.
12. a. Mitosis is the production of ___ identical ____ in ____cell.
b. The cells divides into ____cells.
c. Each new cell that results from mitotic division has the ______ genetic makeup as the _____ cell
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d. Asexual reproduction occurs in protists by ______
e. ______ _____in multicellular organisms take place by mitosis
12. a. Ova are produced by ________gametes. Also known as ___. Singular of ova is _____
b. Eggs contain _______needed to sustain earliest stages of a developing organism.
13. a. Sexual reproduction involves ____ of the nuclei of ___gametes
b. Most often Gametes are produced from _____parents.
c. Because each parent contributes ______, the offspring of sexual reproduction are ____genetically
_____ to either parent.
14. a. Sperm are the ____ that ____ produce.
b. They have a flagellum for ______, ________that provides energy, and enzymes that help them
____the ovum.
15. Spores are ______reproductive cells that can develop into a _____organism.
16. Sporulation is the process of reproducing _____ by producing ______that grow directly into new
_______
17.a. Vegetative reproduction: involves ______of an organism that are ___specialized for sexual
reproduction.
b. Examples include ______ _____ &______
18. a. Zygotes are the cells that result from the ____ of _____nuclei
b. A zygote is produced when an _____ and a ____ unite to form a _______ egg.
c. Zygote contain a ___set of ______information. They receive ___ from each parent's ______
F.
Making sense of Human reproduction page 407 Scenario Family Planning: A Historical perspective
1. List the reasons of the people of ancient times to regulate the size of their families?
2. What documents were the first known use of artificial birth control?
3. What was the recipe prescribed?
4. Where and when was the earliest evidence for condom use?
5. Describe the common practice of 1800s.
6. Why was it not effective?
7. On what basis it was thought that women were most likely to conceive during menstruation?
8. Restate what was corrected by the reproductive biologist.
9. Write a brief note about birth control today. ( use last para)
G.
Making More People Page 477
1. What is the belief of the islanders in New Guinea? page 477 last para
2.Like the Trobiands, we believe offspring are _______to their _______(2nd para page 478)
3. Pregnancy is not caused by _____planting seeds in the mother but is caused by an _____ and
____ coming into contact with each other.
4. Female anatomy: page 479 3rd para
5. Is woman born with all the ova she will ever have? Approximately, how many ova?
6. Ovary?
7. How many ova (about) a 7 month old female fetus will have?
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8. When does the ovaries mature?
9. Where does the ovum enter? Page 479 para 1, line 1
10. See Fig E 10.5 The human female reproductive system. What does the drawing show?
11. Where does the pathway leads from each ovary?
12. How does the uterus accommodate?
13. What happens if the fertilization does not occur? (page 479, para 1)
14. Describe Uterus?
15. Describe vagina? and vulva? and labia? Clitoris?
16. Are the urethra and urinary opening in female connected directly to the reproductive
organs.
H. page 479 para: 3 male anatomy (contd)
17. Is male child born with any gametes?
18. describe sperm? Testes?
19. How long does sperm take to develop?
20. Write a short note on sperm Page 470 para 4. compare, size, its head, midsection,
mitochondria, tail?
21. Where are the sperms produced and stored? (para 5, right side of the page 479)
22. Where does epididymis lead to?
23. work of seminal vesicle?
24. What is semen?
25. where does the semen and sperm cell flow into?
26. How does prostate gland help?
27. How does Cowper's gland help?
28. The urethra is the passageway for both_____ and _____ ( page 479 para 6)
29. How is urine diverted?
30. What is ejaculation?
31. List two external male reproductive organs
32. What is penis made up of? What is it cover by? How is it removed?
33. Describe scrotum? Page 479, last para). What does it regulate? Temperature?
34. See fig E 10.6 The human male reproductive system Page (480)
I. Fertilization
35. When does fertilization happen?( page 481, 2nd para)
36. How is Zygote formed?
37. How is embryo produced?
39. What protects the embryo?
40. What does Placenta supply to the growing embryo? (page 481, para 3)
41. Where is placenta attached? Explain the function of Placenta?
42. Name the embryo after 8 weeks.
43. Birth: page 481 para 4 Explain labor. What determines when a woman will begin labor?
44. Explain the process of birth of a baby ( start with labor)
45. Explain delivery. p 481 para 5- last
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46. After delivery, the _____cord is ____ and _____near the naval. Mucus is ___ from the baby's mouth,
nose, and throat.
47. When does the baby's body take over the process of homeostasis?
48. How was homeostasis taken care before the birth of the baby?
J. Hormones and Sexual reproduction(page 481) para 1
1.What regulates the reproductive system?
2. List 2 items that participate in the communication?
3. What signals the onset of puberty? (page 481, para 2nd)
4. Name 5 external indicators of sexual maturity
5. Explain the internal indicators of sexual maturity in males and females.
6. List 2 hormones that regulate the ovulation?
7. What stimulates the events that lead to the production of gametes and promote sexual behavior?
(p481, para 3)
8. In males ___ stimulates sperm production ( page 482, para 1)
9. How does levels of testosterone in bloodstream help?
10. How does the level of LH and FSH reduce?
11. When the levels of ________ in the blood rises too ____, the hypothalamus signals the
_____pituitary to ____less LH. LH ____into less____ released from the testes.
12. Draw, label, color and explain from below the picture Fig E 10.7 page 482
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13. Major female sex hormones are produced in ____. They are _____ and _____
14. When and where ova mature?
15. Draw, label, color and give a brief explanation from below the figure page 483 Fig E10.8
16. what signals ovum to mature inside follicle (page 482, para 2nd)
17. The maturing follicle releases _______
18.What regulates the menstrual cycle? (See Fig E 10.8 page 483)
19. Estrogen ____ the secretion of LH. The drastic rise of LH _____ ovulation.
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Phenotype and Genotype page 492
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Give 3 examples of phenotype (page 492 paragraph (para) 1)
What are phenotypes?
What does the term phenotype refer to?
Give an example
What does the blueprint provide for the offspring's phenotype?
What does the phenotype of an offspring usually have?
What else can determine phenotype other than blue print? page 492 para 2
support environmental factors with the children's examples from Japan
What factors are responsible for complex phenotypes such as height and behavior?
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M. Draw, color and label Fig 11.1
What does the Fig 11.1 tell us?
What caused phenotype of increased height?
What does curve represent?
What does curve b represent?
What is the independent variable in this graph?
What is the dependent variable in this graph?
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N. State the hypothesis of the scientist experiment in 1930 page 493 para 1
What kind of plants did they experiment with?
Which cuttings grew extremely well?
Which cuttings didn't do so well?
Analyze the conclusion of the experiment
What is the genetic plan or genotypes? page: 492 para 2
Where is this information stored?
Where are chromosomes found
Explain chromosome
What does the DNA in each chromosome contain?
What is gene? support it with an example
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O: Draw, color and label page 493 Fig 11.1
What does the illustration show?
What does each chromosome carry?
How many copies are carried of each in human chromosome?
How many genes are carried in each of chromosome?
P Draw, color and label Fig: 11.3 p 494
What does the illustration show?
Can genes exist in more than one version?
What is each version called?
List 2 things that produces organism's phenotype?
Which chromosome in the Figure produces the phenotype AB blood?
Which produces phenotype A blood?
The largest chromosome contains about ____genes (pa493 para 3)
Name the smallest chromosome? How many genes in it?
Each gene occupies a ______ ____ on the chromosome
Q. Support with an example to prove that populations include more than one version of genes 9p
493 last para, then page 494 1st para)
44. What does the term allele refer to?
45. What determines the organisms' phenotype?
46. How many alleles for every gene is received by sexually reproducing organisms Explain ( page 494,
2nd para)
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How is a new organism is formed?
What does this explain?
Explain the allele combination of a person who has type AB blood?(para 3 page 494)
How can that happen? Explain both scenarios
Heterozygous means:?
A person who inherits 2 identical alleles (AA,BB) has a genotype______
A person with different alleles (AB) has a genotype_____
Some traits have simple _____patterns ( Page 494 para 4) Give an example
Give the cleft chin phenotype range
What happens to the individual who inherits just one allele for cleft chin?
What does the individual expressed in this case?
Does the dominant trait express itself if it is the homozygous (CC) or heterozygous (Cc)?
Which is this individual who inherited only one allele___cleft chin or dimple? Homozygous or
heterozygous?
60. R. When does a recessive trait present itself (p 494, para 5)
61. Is this individual CC or Cc or cc? Homozygous or heterozygous?
62. How are the traits inherited in random fashion? Use the case of baby rabbits as example to explain
this page 494, last para and page 495
63. Draw, color and label Fig E11.4 page 495
64. what does this illustration show?
65. Do the ear type and fur color stay together?
66. What does the result demonstrate?
67. What combinations are possible from a mother with straight ears and brown fur? page 495 1st para
68. What does all of these combinations demonstrate
69. What is independent assortment in this example?
70. Who and when was the principle of independent assortment discovered? What did he experiment
with?
71. What did Gregor Mendel's insights become?
S. :Case studies of Two genetic disorders Huntington Disease ( HD)
1. How old is Rita? What does she want?( page 496 para 1)
2. How did Rita's dad die?
3. What is HD? Is it dominant or recessive genetic disorder?
4. When does the symptoms appear?
5. What is the effective treatment for it?
6. Why does Rita think she has a 50% chance of developing the HD?
7. How can Rita determine if she carries the allele for HS? page 492 para 2
8. Draw, color and label Fig E11.5 page 496
9. What does the figure show?
10. What do geneticists use to write genotype? a. They assign ____ ___ for the dominant form. They
assign ___ ____ for the recessive form.
11. a. The allele for HD is symbolized by ____b. The lower case h indicates____ ___
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12. How are the alleles distributed to the first two individuals? a. this resulted in the heterozygous
genotype____ b. Will they develop HD? Why?
13. What are the alleles that give rise to 3rd individuals? Will they develop HD? Why?
14. What are the alleles that gave rise to 3rd individual? Will he develop HD? Why?
15. Will person who received H alleles from both parents develop HD? Why?
16. HW #21 3/8/13 Friday Cystic Fibrosis (CF) page 497 3rd para a. Explain the condition of Richard b.
What did he diagnose? c. When did he get this disease? d. What are the symptoms of CF?
17. CF is a ____disorder that results in death before _____age.
18. why was Richard's parents confused and angry wehn they heard the diagnosis?
19. Which ethnic group seem to get this deisease?
20. How can one inherig CF? page 497 5th para
21. Why can't Richard's parents' get sick with CF? a) Are they homozygous ofr CF? What does this
mean? page 497 para (7)
22. Why is Richard sick with CF?
23. a. List the allele for CF
_____ b. List the allele for normal____
24. Who will develop CF phenotype? List the alleles for normal phenotype.
25. who are with genotype Cc called?
26. Who has the chance of having children with CF?
27. Draw, color, and label Fig E 11.6
28. 28. What does the figure tell us?
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Meiosis: The mechanism behind Patterns of inheritance (page 498 para 1.)
What is Meiosis? Where does it occur?
How does following chromosomes during Meiosis provide/help?
How does chromosome occur in all cells other gametes?
What is this condition called?
For each pair where does the chromosome come from?
What a affects the same trait?
What does gamete contain page 498 para 2.
____are Haploid. They contain____ the number of ____? Why?
What happens when zygote is formed?
What does it have?
What does each pair comprise of?
What does fertilization restore?
What would happen if chromosome numbers are not halved during Meiosis?
Does chromosome double in mitosis and meiosis beginnings?
What does Meiosis restore?
How many cell divisions are thee in Meiosis____ a. What does this process result in? b. Each cell has the
___ number of chromosomes c. How many sets of chromosome in each of the four cells?
Draw, color and label. Fig E11.7 page 498
What does the figure tells us?
What does E11.7 illustrate? page 498 last para
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What happens before Meiosis page 499 1st para
What happens during the 1st meiotic cell division?
How many chromosomes are in each offspring cells?
What happens during II meiotic cell division?
What does this cell division result into?
How many chromosome in each offspring cell?
26. U. Meiosis and segregation page 499 para 4 . Which come first? Principle of inheritance or cellular mechanism of
meiosis?
27. What makes Gregor Mendel's work an astounding achievement?
28. List 2 things that Meiosis i.e. Mendel's key discoveries explain? Page 498 para 5.
29. Principle of Segregation a. Where are genes located/ b. What are the versions of genes called?
30. When does the alleles from 2 chromosomes in a pair segregate?
31. How many alleles come in each gamete in a given gene?
32. Understanding Meiosis allows us to make____ about the ____ and ____ of offspring page 499 para 6
33. When can we predict the frequency of offspring's genotypes?
34. Study the figure. What does Fig 11.9 in page 502 tell us?
35. can we predict the gametes if we know the genotype of the parents?
36. What does the possible combinations of genetics yield?
37. What example of animal is given in Fig E 11.9? (page 499, para 6 Top right side)
38. Which hair is dominant in guinea pig? a. What letter represents the allele for short hair? b. What letter represent
the long hair?
39. Write possible gametes produced by both parents though Meiosis.
40. Is the gamete combination random or specific during fertilization? a. If half G and other half G then ___ b. if half G
and the other half g then ____c. If half g and other half g then _____
41. What results when homozygous genotype gg fertilize?
42. What does the Principle of segregation result in/
43. list the phenotype ratio of the offspring's from the result of the fertilization of heterozygotes (Gg vs Gg)
44. Does the law of inheritance allow us to predict specific mating ? page 499
45. what does each fertilization involve/
46. Can we predict with absolute certainty that a particular mating will result in a zygote that is Gg?
47. Is it possible to toss 4 heads in a row with a coin? a. What is the predicted result of getting heads in a coin? b. Is it
possible to toss 100 heads in a row with a coin? Why? c. How does this apply when it comes to large number of
matings are considered page 502 last para, 4th line.
48. HW# 24 page 500, 501 Draw color and label Fig E11.8
49. What does the figure show?
50. How many chromosomes are here in the 1st cell Page 500, a.
51. How many chromosomes in each cell of Telophase 2(i) page 501.
52. How many chromosomes in the beginning of Meiosis prophase (b)? page 500 How did this happen?
53. What is happening in (c) page 500? a. what do the duplicated chromosomes do here? b. Where are they joined? c.
What do they exchange? what is it called/ d. what does it result in? e. where did the chromosomes involved in the
exchange originally come from? f. what exist at the end?
54. See fig 'd' in page 500. Where do the chromosome line up?
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