Context Clues
The words, sentences, or passages (CLUES) around a specific word or
passage that helps you figure out unfamiliar or multi-meaning words.
Four types:
Surrounding
Text
In-sentence
Examples
In-sentence
Definitions
In-sentence
Restatements
Dictionary
Not just for definitions!
Syllabication Dividing words into syllables.
Guide Words:
Pow-er
pout, preach
Example:
Pronunciation How you say the word.
(er)
Example:
Definition(s) Meanings of the word.
Energy, authority, 3 definitions
Example:
Part of Speech
noun? verb? etc....
n.
Example:
Other Word Choices Synonyms
authority
Example:
Phonetic Symbols:
Inference
A logical guess made by connecting bits of information.
Inferring
What I know already
What the text says
My educated guess
My Background Knowledge
Text Clues
Inference
Inferring: Reading between the lines
I Say…
It says…
So…
Thesaurus
The book of synonyms! Find a better word 
Same
Y
N
O
N
Y
M
S
Against
N
T
O
N
Y
M
S
Opposite!!!
What you ALREADY know about something.
Use Background Knowledge
Creating movies or pictures in your head using senses.
Create Mind Pictures (5 Senses)
1. Literal – 5W’s & How
2. Interpretive – What does this mean?
3. Evaluative – Opinions, beliefs, point of view? How do you feel?
Ask Questions
1. Text-to-text (reminds you of another book or character)
2. Text-to-self (reminds you of something that happened to you)
3. Text-to-world (reminds you of things in other situations)
Make Connections
When something does not make sense – go back and figure out why!
Re-reading
Fake, Fake FICTION
NOT REAL
Purpose:
Genre:
Entertainment – FUN!
 Fiction
 MADE-UP
 May be BASED on true
events.
Themes:
The central IDEA, moral or lesson
Types:
3. Myths
a. sacred story
b. explains nature or nature
4. Historical fiction
a. made-up
b. based on historical events
or movements
5. Realistic fiction –
a. made-up
b. based on true events.
1. Fables
a. SHORT
b. ANIMALS
c. MORAL
2. Legend
a. Historical story
b. Passed down
c. Not provable
Fiction PLOT
FICTION FEATURES
Foreshadowing
Hints or clues that tell what is coming next.
Action
Things that happen in a story.
Plot
Rising, climax, and falling action all together.
Conflict
Turning point in the story – usually most
exciting part of the story.
Resolution
How the conflict is solved or handled.
Fiction Conflict
Man vs. Man
Character vs.
Character
Man vs. Self
Man vs. Nature
Character dealing with Character dealing with
a feeling or decision – mother nature (storm,
or something within
disease, animals etc…)
themselves
Fiction Character Roles
Hero/Heroine
Batman
Villain
Joker
Side kick
Robin
Friend
Butler
Rival
Spiderman
Setting
Use sensory details (5 senses) to describe each.
Time
When does the
story take place
- Time span
- Day/night
- Future
Place
Where does the
story take place
- Specific
location
- Several places
Environment
What does it feel
like?
- Weather
- Mood
- Social
Conditions
The Writing Process
1. Plan
2. Draft 3. Revise
4. Edit
Focus: __________________________
5.Publish
Point of View
The way in which the author allows you to see and
hear what is happening in the story.
First Person
- character in the story
Third Person
3rd Limited
3rd Omniscient
- Uses 'I' or 'me'
(quotations don' t count)
- like a narrator
- ALL KNOWING
- follows one person
- see everything
- only know one person's
thoughts
- know everyones thoughts
Dialogue
Written conversation (talking).
RULES
1
2
Use quotation marks at
beginning and end of what is
being said. “ “
Use commas when quotations
are in the middle or at the
beginning of a sentence.
- Periods and commas
always go inside the
quotation marks!
EXAMPLE
“What are we doing for homework this
week Mrs. Arlitt?”
Jenny said, “It is chilly outside.”
“It is chilly outside,” said Jenny.
“It is chilly outside!” said Jenny.
3
Exclamation points and question
marks are different…
“Is it chilly outside?” asked Jenny.
Some sentences are tricky…
Remember when Jenny said, “It is
chilly outside”?
4
Poetry
TYPES:
1. _
2. _
3. _
4. _
Sound Effects
Alliteration
Repetition of
BEGINNING sound
Internal Rhyme
When words in the
same line rhyme.
Onomatopoeia
Rhyme Scheme
Gracie sold
strawberry sherbet
at her store.
“Once upon a
midnight’s dreary,
while I pondered
weak and weary”
When words sound
“buzz, purr, bang!”
like what they mean.
Mary had a lamb.
The pattern of
Its fleece was white as snow.
rhyming lines (ABAB, Everywhere that Mary went,
The lamb was sure to go
ABBA)
Poetry Techniques
These techniques help you to picture and “feel” the text.
1. Imagery & Sensory Language: using five senses to really
picture things well. (Page: ______)
2. Sound Effects: alliteration, internal rhyme, onomatopoeia,
rhyme scheme. (Page ____)
3. Figurative Language:
Simile
Metaphor
Non-literal
Meaning
She was like a
Comparing two things using
butterfly floating
LIKE or AS
across the stage.
She was a
Comparing two things (like
butterfly floating,
name calling)
across the stage.
Don’t count your
Idioms and adages
chickens before
they hatch,