Table 1 Exploration, Navigation, and Physical Properties I
1. The tropic of cancer is:
a) A 30o line of latitude
b) A 60o line of longitude
c) A 23o line of latitude
d) A 30o line of longitude
2. NOAA stands for:
a. National Ocean and Atmosphere Association
b. National Oceans and Air Administration
c. Nature, Ocean, and Air Association
d. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3. When carbon dioxide combines with ocean water, what is the primary end product produced?
a. Calcium carbonate
b. Bicarbonate
c. Carbonic acid
d. Carbonate
4. What happens as you travel west across the International Date Line?
a. You lose a day
b. You add a day
c. Nothing happens
d. You add two days
5. Compared to the 1700s, average sea-surface pH levels have...
a. Risen uniformly across the oceans
b. Risen variably across the oceans
c. Fallen uniformly across the oceans
d. Fallen variably across the oceans
6 Which of the following regulate(s) the pH of seawater?
a. Carbonate ions
b. Calcium carbonate
c. Bicarbonate
d. Carbonate
7. The primary process by which carbon is returned to the surface waters from the deep ocean is:
a. Upwelling of deep ocean currents
b. Photosynthesis by phytoplankton
c. Erosion at the coastline
d. Heating of subsurface waters
You and your team of explorers located a shipwreck near the British Virgin Islands at a latitude of 18° 33” 9’ N and a
depth of 600ft.
8. Are you above or below the Tropic of Cancer?
9. Note the depth of your discovery in fathoms.
10. The amount of gases that can dissolve in seawater depends on temperature and:
a. Nutrients
b. Depth
c. Currents
d. Salinity
Table 2: Physical properties II
1. An excess of which of the following would most likely be associated with formation of a dead zone?
a. Carbon
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Iron
2. Reminder question: Shells and exoskeletons are composed of which of the following:
a. Bicarbonate
b. Carbon dioxide
c. The carbon sink
d. Calcium carbonate
3. About what percentage of Earth’s primary productivity (synthesis of organic matter from solar or chemical energy) occurs in the
ocean?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
4. Which of the following correctly expresses the relationship between decomposition and dissolved oxygen?
a. Decomposition uses dissolved oxygen, removing it from the water
b. Decomposition releases dissolved oxygen into the water
c. Decomposition does not require dissolved oxygen
d. Decomposition creates dissolved oxygen
5. If you consider the ocean to have many different layers of water, where would you expect to find warm water heated by the sun:
a. Near the ocean floor
b. Near the ocean surface
c. In a layer called the thermocline
d. Between 500 – 1,000 meters
6. Approximately how long would it take to for the global conveyor belt to complete one full cycle?
a. 100 years
b. 1,000 years
c. 10 years
d. 10,000 years
7. Which of the following best describes water beneath the thermocline:
a. Highly variable in temperature
b. Warmer than most surface waters
c. Relatively uniform and cold in temperature
d. Variable by latitude
8. If all else is equal, increasing the salinity of a seawater sample will also increase its:
a. Temperature
b. Pressure
c. Density
d. Turbidity
9. The following is an energetic process by which phytoplankton intake carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
a. Respiration
b. Decomposition
c. Sedimentation
d. Photosynthesis
10. Which of the following affect(s) the movement of ocean currents?
a. Wind speed
b. Land masses
c. Wind direction
d. All of the above
Table 3 Physical Properties III
1. Wavelength is best described as
a Vertical distance between the waves crest and the next trough
b Horizontal distance between two consecutive wave crests or troughs
c The number of waves that pass a given point in a designated time
d The distance a wave travels in one second
2. Mountain ranges like the Cascades result from which type of plate movement?
a. Transform
b. Divergent
c. Subduction
d. Convergent
3. Which of the following has the strongest influence on tides:
a. Sun
b. Mars
c. Moon
d. Wind
4. The following piece of technology measures currents several feet under the surface of the water while attached to small floating
devices:
a. Sonde
b. CTD
c. Niskin bottle
d. Drifter
5. Typically there are trade winds that blow along the equator in the Pacific Ocean from East to West. In an El Niño year the trade
winds:
a. Increase in strength
b. Weaken
c. Do not change
d. Reverse direction
6. DART buoys are used to
a. Take pictures of deep sea life
b. Collect sea surface temperature data
c. Detect tsunamis
d. Measure pH
7. The highest and lowest tides which occur when the moon and sun are lined up with the Earth are:
a. Neap tides
b. Winter tides
c. Spring tides
d. Summer tides
8. Which of the following is true of oceanic plates compared to continental plates?
a. Oceanic plates tend to be much older
b. Oceanic plates tend to much thicker
c. Oceanic plates are composed of mostly the same type of material
d. Oceanic plates are typically denser
9. Of the following, which is the thinnest of Earth’s layers?
a. Mantle
b. Crust
c. Inner core
d. Outer core
10. The lowest point on a wave is:
a Crest
b Wavelength
c Trough
d Benthic
Table 4: Classification, Plankton and Inverts
1. In the diagram to the right, B represents:
a) the crust
b the mantle
c) the core
d) the lithosphere
2. Diatoms are plankton with shells made from:
a. Silica
b. Oxygen
c. Nitrogen
d. Iron
3. Tektites are examples of which type of sediment?
a. Cosmogenous
b. Biogenous
c. Lithogenous
d. Hydrogenous
4. This sediment type is the least prevalent on the ocean seafloor:
a. Biogenous sediment
b. Hydrogenous sediment
c. Lithogenous sediment
d. Cosmogenous sediment
5. Phytoplankton are responsible for about how much of the ocean’s primary productivity?
a. 90%
b. 50%
c. 20%
d. 10%
6. Groins are structures built mainly to:
a. Serve as fishing locations
b. Reduce local beach erosion
c. Create a harbor
d. Mark property boundaries
7. The following term refers to plankton that are animals and unable to produce their own food:
a. Holoplankton
b. Phytoplankton
c. Nekton
d. Zooplankton
8. Sponges belong to which of the following phyla?
a. Cnidaria
b. Echinodermata
c. Chysophyta
d. Porifera
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What is the correct way to write out Humans with their scientific name?
homo sapiens
h. Sapiens
H. Sapiens
H. sapiens
10. Which is not a characteristic of a crustacean?
a. Jointed exoskeleton
b. Mandibles
c. Radial symmetry
d. Two pairs of antennae
Table 5: Inverts and Verts
1. Mammals are warm-blooded organisms, which means
a. They rely on the external environment to regulate their internal body temperature
b. Their internal body temperature fluctuates throughout the day
c. They maintain a constant internal body temperature
d. The literally have warmer blood temperature than cold-blooded organisms
2. The California sea lion is most closely related to the:
a. Blue whale
b. Spotted seal
c. Bottlenose dolphin
d. Pacific white-sided dolphin
3. Lungfish are most closely related to:
a. Tuna
b. Rays
c. Sharks
d. Marine iguanas
4. Which organism tends to dive deep to forage (find food) and eats squid as a main part of its diet?
a. Sperm whale
b. Humpback whale
c. California sea lion
d. Blue whale
5. Which of the following is true of sharks and ray-finned fish?
w. They are in the same class
x. They are in different phyla
y. They both have swim bladders
z. They have different types of bone
6. This shark is the largest in the world:
a. Whale shark
b. Great White shark
c. Basking shark
d. Ubermouth shark
7. Ampullae of Lorenzini are adaptive characteristics of rays and skates that help them find prey by:
a. Hearing noise made by other organisms
b. Mimicking the bioluminescence patterns of other organisms
c. Detecting electromagnetic currents of other organisms
d. Seeing other organisms in the dark
8. Sea turtles reproduce by:
a. Budding
b. Laying eggs on shore
c. Releasing sex cells (gametes) into the water
d. Live birth
9. What class of marine vertebrates maintains constant body temperature?
a. Reptiles
b. Mammals
c.. The Cartilaginous fish
d. The Jawless Fish
9. In the diagram to the right, “Box E” represents:
a) the dorsal fin
b) the ventral fin
c) the adipose fin
d) the pectoral fin
Table 6: Mixed Bag Questions
1 . Which of the following hazards occur along a fault line?
a. Earthquakes
b. Volcanic eruptions
c. Hurricanes
d. Storm surges
2. The U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone extends out to how many nautical miles from shore?
w. 2
x. 20
y. 200
z. 220
3. If an animal is considered benthic, it is typically found:
a. In the water column
b. At or near the bottom of the ocean
c. On the beach
d. Breaching or jumping out of the water
4. What does the acronym EBM refer to in marine policy?
a. Ecosystem-based management
b. Ecosystem boundary marker
c. Economic based management
d. Environmentally based management
5. If an animal is considered pelagic, it is found:
a. Near the bottom of the ocean
b. In the water column
c. On the beach
d. Within ocean sediment
6. This term refers to the time it takes identical points on a wave to pass through the same point.
Answer:
7. What makes EBM different from traditional policy approaches to management of marine resources?
a. EMB focuses on individual species rather than communities
b. EBM focuses exclusively on marine mammals rather than all marine life
c. EBM focuses on whole ecosystems rather than individual species
d. EBM includes only environmental and not economic concerns
8. This law is the primary piece of legislation governing U.S. federally managed fisheries
w. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act
x. Marine Fishing Policies and Conventions of the U.S.
y. U.S. National Fisheries Executive Order 13750
z. Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act
9. The “Rule of Constant Proportions”
w. Allows scientists to determine salinity from the concentration of a single ion in seawater
x. Means that salinity is constant throughout the oceans
y. Means that salinity and temperature have the same effects on seawater density
z. Means that density of seawater is constant
10. Seawater is
w. A mixture
x. An ion
y. A compound
z. An element