E2747
REPUBLIC OF MALAWI
MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION AND WATER DEVELOPMENT
NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (NWDP)
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
FRAMEWORK
Revised March 2011
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared with the support and
consultations of many people to whom the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development is very grateful.
The people consulted include workers and communities in the proposed programme districts, cities and
towns of Mzimba, Mzuzu, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Mangochi, Liwonde, Zomba and Blantyre.
District officials including District Commissioners, members of District Executive Committees and Town
and Country Planning Committees, Environmental District Officers, Chiefs and the general public
provided valuable input to this study.
In addition, a number of senior officers in the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, the
Environmental Affairs Department, the Energy Department, the Forestry Department, and other
stakeholder ministries of Local Government and Rural Development, and Transport and Pubic Works
ministry, provided considerable administrative and logistical support during the assignment which
deserve sincere acknowledgement for the support.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FRAMEWORK .........................................................................IV
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ V
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................VI
CHAPTER ONE:
1.1
1.2
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
BACKGROUND TO THE WATER SECTOR IN MALAWI ................................................................. 1
SECOND NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT................................................................................ 2
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE ................................................................................................... 2
PROGRAMME AND PROJECT COMPONENTS ........................................................................................... 2
PROGRAMME COORDINATION AND IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................ 10
OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF ....................................................................................................... 10
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE ESMF ................................................................................................ 11
POTENTIAL USERS OF THE ESMF ............................................................................................. 11
APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY TO THE PREPARATION OF THE ESMF .............................. 11
ORGANIZATION OF THE ESMF .................................................................................................. 12
CHAPTER TWO:
2.1
2.2
2.2.1
2.2.1
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF ........................................ 1
BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING ..................................................... 14
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 14
MZIMBA AND MZUZU CITY ........................................................................................................ 14
MZIMBA ........................................................................................................................................ 14
MZUZU CITY .................................................................................................................................. 16
KASUNGU TOWN ......................................................................................................................... 16
LILONGWE................................................................................................................................... 18
MANGOCHI .................................................................................................................................. 19
ZOMBA ......................................................................................................................................... 19
BLANTYRE DISTRICT .................................................................................................................. 21
THE LIWONDE BARRAGE ........................................................................................................... 23
CHAPTER THREE:
RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES .............................. 24
3.1 MALAWI LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO NWDP IMPLEMENTATION ........................................ 24
3.2 RELEVANT WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES COMPARED WITH THE NATIONAL
LEGISLATION ....................................................................................................................................... 27
3.3 GAPS BETWEEN WORLD BANK POLICIES AND THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION....................... 30
CHAPTER FOUR:
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS ............................................................. 31
4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT PHASES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .......................... 31
4.2 SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS............................................................ 34
CHAPTER FIVE:
THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES AND ACTIVITIES ....................... 36
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE SCREENING PROCESS ......................................................................... 36
5.2 STEP 1: SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES ....................................................... 36
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5.2.1
5.2.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES WITHIN THE DISTRICT ASSEMBLIES .................................. 37
SCREENING OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND SITES WITHIN CITY OR TOWN ASSEMBLIES ................................. 37
STEP 2: ASSIGNING THE APPROPRIATE ENVIRONMENTAL CATEGORIES .............................. 37
STEP 3: CARRYING OUT ENVIRONMENTAL WORK .................................................................. 38
STEP 4: REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF THE SCREENING ACTIVITIES & EIAS.......................... 39
PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE .............................................................................. 39
CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS ...................................... 44
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
6.3
6.2
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................... 44
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ............................................................................................... 56
REHABILITATION OF EXISTING AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW STRUCTURES AND OTHER PROJECT ACTIVITIES 56
MONITORING INDICATORS ........................................................................................................ 56
ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTRACTOR ......................................................... 58
CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF ............................................ 59
7.1
DEFINITION OF ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES ....................................................................... 59
CHAPTER EIGHT: CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING..................................................................... 61
8.1 PARTICIPANTS FOR CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING ....................................................... 61
8.2 PROPOSED AREAS OF TRAINING................................................................................................ 61
CHAPTER NINE:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................. 69
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................ 70
ANNEX 1(A): ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM FOR NWDP .................................................... 71
ANNEX 1(B): PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLISTS FOR NWDP ................................................................ 78
ANNEX 2: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES. .................................................. 80
ANNEX 3: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS IN MALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES 1997, EAD) . 84
ANNEX 4: GENERAL EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR NWDP................................................................. 85
ANNEX 5: PROCEDURES FOR EIA PREPARATION .................................................................................. 86
ANNEX 6: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS ......................................................... 87
ANNEX 7: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED DURING PREPARATION THE ESMF ........................................ 89
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE FRAMEWORK
CIDA
DA
DEA
DEAP
DEC
DEMM
DESC
DPD
EAD
EDO
EIA
EIB
EMA
EMP
EO
ESMF
GDP
GoM
HIV
LGA
MoIWD
MPRSP
NCE
NEAP
NEP
NGO
NLP
NPDP
NWDP I
NWDP II
NWDP
NWRPS
OP
PRA
RAP
RPF
SOER
SWAP
TA
TCE
TCPA
TCPC
Canadian International Development Agency
District Assembly
Director of Environmental Affairs
District Environmental Action Plan
District Executive Committee
Decentralised Environmental Management Manual
District Environmental Subcommittee
Director of Planning and Development
Environmental Affairs Department
Environmental District Officer
Environmental Impact Assessment
European Investment Bank
Environment Management Act
Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Officer
Environmental and Social Management Framework
Gross Domestic Product
Government of Malawi
Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome Virus
Local Government Act
Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development
Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
National Council on the Environment
National Environmental Action Plan
National Environmental Policy
Non-Government Organization
National Land Policy
National Physical Development Plan
National Water Development Programme Project I
Second National Water Development Programme IIject
National Water Development Programme
National Water Resources Policy and Strategies
Operational Policy
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Resettlement Action Plan
Resettlement Policy Framework
State of the Environment Report
Sector Wide Approach
Traditional Authority
Technical Committee on the Environment
Town and Country Planning Act
Town and Country Planning Committee
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Preface
The Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) was initially prepared for the Second
National Water Development Project (NWDP II) financed by the International Development Association
of the World Bank. The NWDP II was a follow-up project after the National Water Development Project
which was implemented from 1996 to 2003. The NWDP II was developed to be part of the Malawi
Government Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, the National Water Development
Programme (NWDP), in which a number of Development Partners would participate. The ESMF
prepared in March 2007, was to guide the implementation of NWDP II on Environmental and Social
Management and subsequently guide other projects as they get developed for the programme. In this
revised ESMF, effort has been made to make it a general guideline on ESMF for all projects under the
NWDP with slight modifications, where applicable, subject to agreements with the respective
Development Partners. Factual information and the screening form has also been updated in this
revised version.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) is prepared for the National Water
Development Programme (NWDP), which the Government of the Republic of Malawi, through the
Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, is implementing in the cities, selected towns and districts,
and Market Centres. The purpose of this ESMF is to guide integration of environmental and social
considerations in the planning and implementation of NWDP activities.
Currently, the Malawi Government is seeking financial support from a number of Development Partners,
including the World Bank for the National Water Development Programme (NWDP). The total value of
the programme is expected to be US$360,630,000.00, with the IDA (World Bank) becoming the major
contributor once the additional US$120,000,000.00 is made available to the programme as additional to
the initial US$ 50,000,000.00 that was provided.
1.0 Scope of Activities
To build on the success of the first National Water Development Project (NWDP I), which was
implemented from 1996 to 2003, the GoM requested the World Bank to lead the preparation of a followup project; the Second National Water Development Project (NWDP II) for the GoM’s programme, the
National Water Development Programme. The NWDP II, which became effective in 2007, supports
improved water resources management and expanded water supply and sanitation services in cities,
towns and market centres. The sector is also in the process of developing a SWAP in which donors
and government may pool their investments. The Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development
(MoIWD) and the Development Partners group are adopted a common implementation strategy, and
the MoIWD is establishing management systems that can underpin a SWAP.
The NWDP include the following project components;
A. Urban, Town, and Market Centre Water Supply - Investments and technical assistance for
water supply in Urban, Town, and Market Centre, implemented through the respective
Water Boards;
B. Sanitation - Investments and technical assistance for sanitation and hygiene investments
in Town, Market Centres, and rural areas, implemented by the Ministry of Irrigation and
Water Development and the Water Boards;
C. Water Resources Management - Technical assistance to enhance capacity and prepare
future investments in water resources management implemented by the Ministry of
Irrigation and Water Development;
D. Sector Reforms and Program Management - Support for sector reforms, capacity
enhancement and programme management, implemented by the Ministry of Irrigation and
Water Development.
E. Rural Water Supply - Investments and technical assistance in rural water supply
implemented by the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development.
The IDA funds are allocated to all components and other major Development Partners and financiers
are also financing the components under the programme.
2.0 Project Development Objectives and Targets
The objectives of NWDP are to improve water resources management and increased access to
sustainable water supply and sanitation services for people living in cities, towns; and improve water
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resources management. The programme would also contribute to building sector capacity through
improved monitoring, regulation, incentive structures, public-private partnerships, and coordination
among the sector stakeholders.
3.0 Justification for Preparation of the ESMF for NWDP.
According to Section 24 (1) of the Malawi Government’s Environment Management Act (EMA), Number
23 of 1996; and the Government’s Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines of December,
1997, the NWDP would falls under the list of projects for which EIA is mandatory, prior to
implementation. The basis is that the proposed programme constitutes activities, which would generate
considerable changes and significant effects to the environment. Hence, environmental components
such as water, land, forests, human settlement, sites of cultural heritage and biological diversity might
be adversely affected.
The NWDP projects are categorized as a B projects, according to the World Bank’s Operational Policy
(OP4.01); Environmental Assessment. Therefore, appropriate environmental work will have to be
carried out. Since the locations of the infrastructure investments and their potential negative localized
impacts could not be determined prior to appraisal, the programme requires the preparation of an
ESMF to ensure appropriate mitigation of potential negative environmental and social impacts Are
taken into account in the implementation of projects.
This framework therefore, is designed to guide the establishment of appropriate level of environmental
management measures for implementation, in all the stages of the project activities, from the planning
to implementation, including decommissioning.
4.0 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts from NWDP Activities
Although NWDP activities will vary in size, location, scope and the approach in implementation, most of
these activities will involve civil engineering and construction works. Hence, the generic and typical
environmental impacts would include:






loss of forest resources;
increase in soil erosion;
loss of fragile ecosystem;
soil and water contamination;
siltation of water courses and;
increased wastewater generation
The generic and typical social impacts of the programme’s project activities would include:







loss of land for human settlement;
loss of gardens for the local communities;
loss of crops and other property for the local communities;
influx of people to project areas;
incidences of communicable diseases and health hazards to workers;
spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV and AIDS within the area and;
disruption of living patterns of local villagers.
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5.0 Key Strategies of the ESMF
This ESMF has been prepared as a guide to the initial screening of NWDP sites and activities for
negative environmental and social impacts, which would require attention prior to project
implementation. The framework outlines a number of strategies, which include:





6.0
a systematic procedures for participatory screening for project sites and project activities for
environmental and social considerations;
a step by step procedure for forecasting the main potential environmental and social impacts of
the planned project activities;
a typical environmental management plan for addressing negative externalities in the course of
project implementation and operations within environs;
a step by step monitoring and evaluation system for implementation of mitigation measures
and;
an outline of recommended capacity building measures for environmental planning and
monitoring of the project activities.
Key Recommendations of the ESMF
The ESMF recommends that the proposals made herein be implemented adequately to mitigate the
consequential environmental impacts of the project activities. The ESMF also recommends that for its
implementation to be successful there is need to ensure that all projects being implemented in the
same areas as the NWDP should have their own comprehensive environmental and social
management plans. It is also recommended that the Environmental Affairs Department and other
relevant line ministries should ensure that human activities that lead to deforestation and other
environmental problems are properly managed and monitored.
The ESMF also advances that for its implementation to be successful, involvement and participation of
local communities is paramount. Specifically the ESMF recommends:






7.0
use this framework prior to any project activity of the NWDPprojects;
environmental and social awareness education for the key stakeholders and affected
communities;
training members of the DECs DDCs. AECs, VDCs, Water Boards, and MoIWD to implement
the ESMF and the screening process;
regularly updating the EMP to respond to changing local conditions and to adjustments in
project implementation plans;
building capacities of the City, Town/District Assemblies for developing appropriate information
management systems to support the environmental and social management process and;
providing the necessary resources and equipment for the local assemblies to be able to
produce the necessary documentation and forms for the implementation of the ESMF;
Potential Users of the ESMF
As a reference material, the ESMF will be useful to several stakeholders who will be involved in
planning, implementation and monitoring of the proposed project. Some of the key users of this ESMF
are as follows:


funding agencies/donors for NWDP;
Water Boards
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





District Executive Committee members in the targeted cities, towns and districts;
participating sectors in the implementation of the NWDP;
politicians and local Traditional Leaders;
senior Central Government officials responsible for policy making and project planning;
Central Government officials responsible for environmental planning and management and;
engineers and contractors to be involved in implementation of the projects.
Finally it is recommended that the following key sections of this ESMF should be included in the Project
Implementation Manual for NWDP: the Screening Process, Sections 5.1 to 5.6; the Environmental
Management and Monitoring Plan Sections: 6.1 to 6.2; and; Capacity Building and Training
Requirements: Sections 8.1 to 8.3
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CHAPTER ONE:
1.1
PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE ESMF
Background to the Water Sector in Malawi
The Government of Malawi’s (GoM) strategy for the water sector in Malawi is to turn over the
responsibility for water supply and sanitation services to self sufficient Water Boards and Water
Associations, with the view that it focuses its attention on policy formulation and water resources
development. To this end the Government has:
(a) established Water Boards to provide water supply and sanitation services to towns and cities;
(b) developed and demonstrated a district-based strategy for rural water supply in small villages
and market centres;
(c) established a Water Resources Management Board;
(d) combined water supply and irrigation planning within the Ministry of Irrigation and Water
Development and;
(e) completed important water resources management studies.
The Word Bank and other donors including AfDB, EIB, NDF, CIDA, EU, JICA, KfW, UNDP and
UNICEF, through the National Water Development Project I (NWDP I), contributed to this effort.
The Government of Malawi, through the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development and the Water
Boards, implemented the National Water Development Project I from 1996 to 2003. The primary
objective of the project was to support the implementation of the Water Resources Management Policy
and Strategies, (the first coherent Water Policy Document that was adopted by Government in May
1994). The policy aimed at reforming and upgrading the management of water resources and the
provision of water-related services in order to:
(a) ensure convenient access to safe water for a progressively larger proportion of the community;
(b) provide water infrastructure capable of underpinning economic development and;
(c) assure the protection and management of water resources and aquatic and riparian
environments
The main outputs at the end of the NWDP I included:
(a) The establishment of three Regional Water Boards and reformation of Blantyre and Lilongwe
Water Boards, under a new legislative environment.
(b) the Construction of a dam and Water Supply System in Zomba Municipality and
improvement of Water Supply in 18 other Towns under three Regional Water Boards;
the
(c) improved water distribution in Lilongwe City and planning studies for improving water and
sanitation services to Blantyre and Lilongwe Cities;
(d) the development of a district-based, community-managed approach to rural water supply and
sanitation; and the construction of 500 boreholes and two Gravity-Fed Piped Water Schemes,
following the new approach;
(e) re-constitution of the Water Resources Board, and studies towards strengthening the same;
(f) capacity building for the Ministry of Water Development and under five Water Boards;
(g) the rehabilitation and protection of 4 selected catchment areas;
(h) Lake Malawi level control strategy to protect power supply and other beneficial uses of Lake
Malawi and the Shire River; and
(i) studies for the Integrated Water Resource Management Plan for the Songwe River
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Revision of the Water Policy and development of a National Sanitation Policy were also initiated during
the implementation of NWDP I. The new National Water Policy, to replace the 1994 National Water
Policy, was completed in August 2005, while the Sanitation Policy was developed through a
comprehensive stakeholder consultation process.
1.2
Second National Water Development Project
To build on the success of NWDP I, the GoM requested the World Bank to lead the preparation of a
follow-up project; the Second National Water Development Project (NWDP II). The project was initially
for a five year period with IDA Specific Investment Grant and Credit of $50 million, to contribute to
GoM’s medium term sector programme. A sector wide approach (SWAp) was chosen to implement a
consistent policy and harmonized implementation guidelines for the major sector activities. Parallel
funding arrangement for the Government and the participating Development Partners was adopted.
1.2.1
Project Development Objective
The development objective of NWDP is to increase access to sustainable water supply and sanitation
services for people living in cities, towns, market centres, and rural areas to improve water resources
management. The project also aims at contributing to building sector capacity through improved
monitoring, regulation, incentive structures, public-private partnerships, and coordination among the
sector stakeholders.
The development objective will be measured in terms of the expected project outcomes that would
include the:
(a) number of people with improved water supply and sanitation;
(b) efficiency and financial viability of water utilities and;
(c) improved water resources management.
The IDA supported project together with other projects supported by a number of Development
Partners and financiers, also supports the overall sector wide programme, NWDP. The primary focus is
to implement projects that will assist the GoM achieve improved management of the nation’s water
resources; and ensure the delivery of efficient, reliable, and sustainable water supply and sanitation
services; that will benefit an increasingly large number of the population of Malawi overtime.
1.2.2
Programme and project components
The NWDP has the following project components:
A. Urban, Town, and Market Centre Water Supply - Investments and technical assistance for
water supply in Urban, Town, and Market Centre, implemented through the respective
Water Boards;
B. Sanitation - Investments and technical assistance for sanitation and hygiene investments
in Town, Market Centres, and rural areas, implemented by the Ministry of Irrigation and
Water Development and the Water Boards;
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C. Water Resources Management - Technical assistance to enhance capacity and prepare
future investments in water resources management implemented by the Ministry of
Irrigation and Water Development;
D. Sector Reforms and Program Management - Support for sector reforms, capacity
enhancement and programme management, implemented by the Ministry of Irrigation and
Water Development.
E. Rural Water Supply - Investments and technical assistance in rural water supply
implemented by the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development.
The IDA funds are allocated to all components and other major Development Partners and financiers
are also financing the components in separate projects under the programme (Table 1.1). The
components that are applicable to the various projects vary from project to project depending on the
agreements as shown in Table 1.1.
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Table 1.1:
Development
Partner
IDA (Initial
Financing)∞
IDA (Additional
Financing)
UNICEF/Govt of
Neitherands∞
NWDP Financial Contributions to Project Components
Expected
Financing
(US$m)
Urban
Water
Supply
(US$m)
Town
Water
Supply
(US$m)
Market
Centre
Piped
Water
Supply
(US$m)
4.07
50.00
*
6.87
19.74
120.00
**
42.52
41.69
48.51
African
Development Bank∞
42.66
RWSSI Trust Fund∞
5.41
Africa Water
Facility (AWF)∞
3.96
0.5
10.88
6.24
2.67
9.15
14.05
5.15
12.52
3.10
17.13
3.95
5.24
9.06
0.17
0.97
2.99
OPEC Fund∞
10.00
10.00
25.00
8.23
14.00
5.31
6.11
11.46
1.63
4.66
3.79
1.80
6.40
1.07
3.00
0.21
3.20
3.86
0.80
1.94
0.04
6.40
2.09
360.63
WRM
(US$m)
48.51
14.00
Expected
Sanitation
(US$m)
Programme
& Sector
Mgt. &
Capacity
Building
(US$m)
14.94
Austria Aid
GoM Entities
Rural
Water
Supply &
Sanitation
(US$m)
18.04
EU/EIB∞
Africa Catalytic
Growth Fund∞
GoM (%age of
Investment - AfDB)
GoM (%age of
Investment - WASH)
Community (%age
of Investment AfDB)
Community (%age
of Investment WASH)
Rural
Piped
Water
System
(US$m)
2.09
101.08
79.66
23.38
21.11
65.21
24.20
39.66
* US$1.31 m from IDA was used for Project Preparation and US$0.4 is unallocated to the categories.
** US$4.77m fron IDA's additional financing is not allocated to the components.
∞
Financing confirmed and accessible. The rest are based on indications for financing.
Note: The above allocations are subject to revisions as reallocation are negotiated and cost estimates are determined.
Exchange Rates:
1 UA
=
USD 1.6445
1 EURO
=
USD 1.5812
1 SDR
=
USD 1.50
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The components under NWDP consists of the following activities:
Component A. Urban, Town, and Market Centre Water Supply
Investments in production and transmission for urban centres: For Blantyre City, to solve
the recurrent water problems, improve the water intake, increase pumping/treatment capacity,
and expand off-peak water storage and distribution. For Lilongwe City, improvements shall
include capacity expansion to the existing water treatment plant, through rehabilitation. For
town water supply, expand water supply facilities in some of the largest, fastest-growing towns
including Mzuzu, Zomba, Kasungu, Mzimba, Mangochi and in other smaller towns.
To qualify for investments; business plans that include management arrangements, tariffs,
financial projections, phased expansion plans and social/environmental safeguards are
required. Investment proposals will be appraised by the Ministry of Irrigation and Water
Development (MoIWD), based on the cost effectiveness of the proposed design, the long term
financial viability of the scheme, and ability to avoid/mitigate negative social/environmental
impacts.
Operational Efficiency Improvement: In the short to medium term, improvements will be
made to the operational efficiency of the water supply systems and the Water Boards
operations; with regards to their financial management system, bill collection efficiency, and
reduction in non-revenue water. For urban water supply, covering the cities of Lilongwe and
Blantyre, this would be done through the implementation of a service contract with a private
operator.
Extension of Service with Particular Attention to Low Income Areas (LIAs) of urban
centres: This will include the expansion and improvement of the water and sanitation services
to the peri-urban areas of Blantyre and Lilongwe to service the LIAs. Particular attention will be
given to the low income and peri-urban communities. The implementation arrangements,
choice of technology, and cost recovery plans for such services would be based on a study
carried out during project preparation.
Development of Future Water Sources: Full feasibility studies and detailed designs will be
carried out for developing new raw water sources for Blantyre and Lilongwe in the medium to
long-term, based on demand assessment up to year 2035. These feasibility studies, upon
completion are expected to be used for future projects funded by any Development Partners.
Market Centre Water Supply: This includes development of community-managed water
supplies in market centres with the support of the Water Boards who will:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
prepare pre-feasibility studies and introduce the project to participating market
centres;
contract local consultants to provide technical assistance to them and;
arrange and supervise works contracts to expand their water supplies.
The Water Boards will also:
(a)
(b)
(c)
facilitate the establishment of autonomous Water User Associations;
assist the Associations to plan their water supply facilities and learn to oversee
scheme operations and;
train local utility operators to handle routine operations and maintenance.
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Financial support will be provided for towns and cities to implement a sanitation action plan that
addressed the priority concerns of the community.
Groundwater Development: In many towns water supply services are limited by the yield of
boreholes. Groundwater sources with water supply gaps and difficult hydro-geological
conditions in towns will be developed.
Component B: Sanitation
Strategic Sanitation Planning: The National Sanitation Policy dated May 25, 2006 will be
implemented through development of a strategy and implementation plan for each of the subsectors. This would include:
(i)
a strategic sanitation plan to address the issues related to sewerage, solid
waste, excreta disposal, and drainage in Blantyre and Lilongwe;
(ii)
sanitation planning and services in towns including on-site systems, sewers,
and septage treatment/disposal facilities and;
(iii)
hygiene and sanitation plans for the rural areas.
Sanitation Marketing: This shall be implemented in peri-urban areas of Blantyre and Lilongwe
City. Various sanitation products shall be marketed for adoption by the communities in these
areas.
Capacity Building: Masons and other sanitation service providers shall be trained in various
sanitation products including latrine construction, business management, and marketing.
Sanitation Sector Reform: At the ministry level, the activities would include capacity building
to strengthen the newly established Sanitation Department through provision of vehicles and
office equipment; and facilitation of the process of transfer of water borne sewerage
responsibility from local authorities to water utilities through development of sanitation
legislation and stakeholder consultations.
School Sanitation: School sanitation activities shall include construction of improved latrines,
urinal blocks, water supply and hand washing facilities; construction supervision and software
aspects (such as hygiene promotion).
The whole population of Malawi is expected to benefit from this sub-component through
increased hygiene and sanitation awareness, improved sanitation facilities, and/or change in
behaviour towards sanitation.
Component C: Water Resources Management
Water Resources Management Institutional and Technical Support: The reform of the
water resources sector; and strengthening of the Water Resources Management Board will be
supported. The MoIWD will be strengthened to ensure that water resources development is
environmentally sustainable; and re-establish surface water, groundwater and water quality
monitoring systems; and a management information system.
Water Resources Investment Strategy: Support for an integrated water resources investment
strategy, which identifies the water resources development and infrastructure needs of the
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country, through a multi-sector economic analysis, will be provided. The strategy will provide
the infrastructure platform required for growth in the different water using sectors.
Catchment Management and Development: Catchments throughout Malawi are degrading
due to poor land use practices and population pressure. This results in erosion, loss of fertile
soils, decrease in groundwater recharge, flash flooding, high sediment loads in streams and
rivers, and deteriorating water quality. In strategic catchments such as the Shire River, the
degradation results in high water treatment costs and damage to hydro-power generation
equipment.
Catchment Management Authority (or Authorities) will be established in selected subcatchment of the Shire River, and support will be provided to small scale investments in
livelihoods-based catchment management activities, through the preparation and
implementation of catchment management plans aimed at reversing the degradation of the
river’s catchment area.
Lake Malawi Level Control: The outflow from Lake Malawi has been known to cease due to
natural lake level fluctuations. Over the past decades critical aspects of Malawi’s economy,
which are dependent on the flow of the Shire River downstream of Lake Malawi, have been
established. These aspects of the economy include the water supply to Blantyre and the
generation of 90% of energy for the country. However, whilst there are increasing demands on
the water resources of the Lake, there is no means by which to regulate the flow out of the
Lake.
To enable the management of the Lake levels and to avoid the potential of the Shire River
ceasing to flow, a feasibility study was undertaken in 2003 to construct a lake level control
structure at Liwonde, on the Shire River; and to investigate the feasibility of a low-flow pumping
scheme at the mouth of the Shire River.
A detailed engineering design of the Liwonde Barrage will be undertaken. The designs will
include independent Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), all safeguard requirements
and development of implementation plans of an Integrated Water Resources Management
System (IWRMS) for Lake Malawi and Shire River.
Enabling Legislation for National Water Policy: The programme will develop and support
the promulgation of enabling legislation to support the implementation of the National Water
Policy of 2005. This will facilitate the establishment of the required institutional framework for
proper water resources management in the country.
Detailed design of the new water source: Feasibility study and preliminary design for a new
water sources (Mombezi and Diamphwe Lower dam) in preparation for funding to carry out the
construction in the near future.
LiDAR Survey for the Lower Shire River: Flood risk management, with a focus on flood
modelling, forecasting and early warning, as well as flood mapping and zoning are important
proposed areas of engagement for MoIWD in the coming years. Support to these activities to
mitigate the negative impacts of flooding on livelihoods, community assets and infrastructure is
in the investment pipeline.
Component D. Sector Management
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This component would be managed by the MoIWD and consists of three sub-components:
Management of SWAp: This sub-component will provide capacity building and institutional
support to the MoIWD, in managing its sector program, including the sub-sectors of UWSS,
RWSS, Town WSS, and WRM. Sector Management would include implementation and
monitoring of GoM’s sector policy and common guidelines for all investments in the sector
funded by bilateral and multilateral donors, NGOs, and other financiers. Major aspects of such
common guidelines would be spelt out in the program implementation manual, and would
include investment, financing, and cost recovery policies for each of the sub-sectors.
This sub-component would also build the capacity of the MoIWD to effectively carry the out
monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the sector monitoring framework with a systematic
approach, to developing a medium term investment and financing plan and a MIS system.
Other M&E activities would include staffing, training, mid-term and final evaluations, data
collection, and technical reviews.
This sub-component would also support the development of an eventual pooled SWAP which
would pool donor and GoM funds in one pot with the option of discrete funding and harmonize
financial management, procurement, environmental and social safeguards frameworks. It is
envisaged that this pooled SWAp would be effective by the end of the NWDP II.
Capacity Building: This will include training and development of personnel in order to build
human resources capacity, to efficiently and effectively manage the water systems and
manage projects. Support will be provided to the Ministry and the Water Boards to continue the
implementation of water supply projects and undertake HIV and AIDS programs which include
awareness building, promotion of HIV/AIDS testing, and prevention.
Sustainable Reform Plan: To ensure sustainability of the sector, a reform plan that addresses
the Urban Water Board’s deficient organizational culture, inadequate work-ethic, and lack of
commercial discipline, as well as the financial viability of the sector will be implemented.
The appropriate institutional framework for ensuring proper governance and accountability for
the urban water services would be established through formation of a regulatory framework,
clarification in roles and responsibilities of the various sector stakeholders and decision
makers, and implementation of a delegated management model possibly through a deeper
private sector contract, following the service contract.
To transform the Water Utilities into efficient operators, the provision of water services would
consider contracting out water supply services to water operating companies, in an urban water
improvement public private partnership (PPP). The programme would support GoM’s plan to
invite Malawian investors to join with specialist international water operators to create a Water
Operating Company or Companies. The Water Operating Company or Companies would be
expected to take over the staff and operations that were under the Water Boards in the
selected areas. In time, the Water Operating Company could be listed on the Malawi Stock
Exchange.
The regulatory framework for water supply will be for all water supply operators. Regulation will
include financial resource allocation, operational efficiency, water quality, and tariff setting and
adjustment.
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INITIAL PROJECT SITES FOR
SECOND NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (NWDP II)
Figure 1: Map of Malawi Showing NWDP II Initial Impact Districts.
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1.2.3
Programme Coordination and Implementation
The overall management of NWDP is the responsibility of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water
Development. The Ministry of finance will be responsible for the overall approval of financial
disbursements. Urban Water Supply and Town Water Supply shall be under the responsibility of the
Water Boards, while Market Centres Water Supply and Rural Water Supply will be implemented by the
Water Supply Services Department with the support of the Water Boards on Market Centre Water
Supply projects implementation. Sanitation and Hygiene activities will be implemented by the districts
under the direction of the Department of Sanitation in the MoIWD. Water Resources Management will
be the responsibility of the Water Resources Department in the MoIWD.
1.3
Objectives of the ESMF
The objective of this ESMF is to ensure that NWDP is implemented in an environmentally and socially
sustainable manner. The ESMF provides the project implementers with an environmental and social
screening process that will enable them to identify, assess and mitigate potential environmental and
social impacts of the NWDP components.
The screening results would indicate whether additional environmental and/or social work will be
required or not. Thus, the ESMF is designed to determine the appropriate level of environmental
management, which could range from (i) the application of simple mitigation measures (assessed
through the environmental checklists); (ii) to the preparation of a comprehensive EIA Report (according
Malawi’s EIA Guidelines), or, (iii) no additional environmental work. The ESMF outlines the:
a) steps of the screening process from identification to approval of infrastructure investment;
b) environmental and social mitigation measures that can be applied and adopted;
c) draft generic terms of reference for an EIA if required and;
d) summary of the safeguard policies1 to ensure that they are observed during project
implementation;
e) review and approval of the screening results and separate EIA reports; and
f) environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP)
The screening process has been developed because the locations and types of activities to be funded
under the NWDP are not yet known in advance; and therefore potential impacts cannot be precisely
identified.
The screening process will assist the project implementers to identify, assess and mitigate potential
negative environmental and social impacts; and to ensure proper mitigation of these impacts. It will
assist in determining whether preparation of a comprehensive EIA and/or RAP is appropriate for the
project components. The screening process, the environmental management and monitoring plans, the
ESMF implementation arrangements and the proposed capacity building and training requirements will
be included in the Project Implementation Manual (PIM).
1
Adopted from the World Bank’s guidelines
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1.4 Justification for the ESMF
For the NWDP, the precise type and location of proposed project activities are not known in advance
and are subject to change, if already proposed, subject to agreements. Therefore the potential social
and environmental impacts of the project activities cannot be identified in the context of a traditional
EIA.
For development project activities whose design details and locations are known, the Malawi
Environment Management Act (1996) and the Malawi EIA Guidelines (1997) prescribe the conduct for
Environmental Impact Assessment. However, these instruments do not have guidelines for the
screening process for the identification, assessment and mitigation of potential localized impacts, where
the project details and specific project sites are not yet known.
This ESMF provides mechanisms for ensuring that potential environmental and social impacts of the
NWDP are identified, assessed and mitigated as appropriate, through an environmental and social
screening process. This ESMF therefore, complements the Malawi EIA procedures for meeting the
environmental and social management requirements, as outlined in Appendix C of the EIA Guidelines.
The ESMF also complements the Development Partners Operational Policies, such as the World Bank,
for environmental management of projects where specific details are not yet known.
1.5
Potential Users of the ESMF
The ESMF has been prepared as a reference manual for use by key stakeholders to be involved in the
planning, implementation, management and operation of the NWDP. As a reference material, the
ESMF would be useful to the following NWDP key stakeholders:






1.6
funding and donors agencies and other Development Partners;
the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development;
Water Boards;
Town & Country Planning Committees and District Executive Committees in the selected cities
and districts;
Politicians and Local Traditional Leaders and;
Senior Government officials responsible for policy making and development planning.
Approach and Methodology to the preparation of the ESMF
One of the key objectives of the ESMF is to provide a screening process for potential environmental
and social impacts for planned and future project activities under NWDP, and to recommend a generic
management plan for addressing the potential negative impacts. In the development of this ESMF a
high degree of consultations with various key stakeholders was employed. The rationale of these
extensive consultations was to solicit views of a cross section of people, at the local, district, and
Central Government level.
The strategies of executing this assignment followed the six steps listed below:
(a) review of existing general biophysical and social conditions of the proposed project areas;
(b) review of typical implementation approach and processes for the proposed project activities;
(c) identification and analysis of potential environmental and social impacts the project activities
are likely to trigger and generate within and around the project areas;
(d) development of the appropriate screening process for the proposed project sites and project
activities.
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(e) identification of appropriate mitigation measures for the likely potential environmental and
social impacts and;
(f) compilation of a generic management and monitoring plan for addressing the impacts during
implementation, operation and maintenance of the project activities.
Information for the preparation of the ESMF has been collected through a number of research methods,
which include review of related literature from published and unpublished documents, field
investigations and consultation with key stakeholder. The field investigations and public consultations
were conducted in Mzuzu, Mzimba, Kasungu, Mangochi, Liwonde, Zomba and Blantyre from 18th to
23rd February, 2007. Key stakeholders included officials from the Water Boards, City, Town and District
Assemblies as well as persons who would be affected either positively or negatively by the project. The
consultant conducted the site investigations and stakeholder consultations based on the key
stakeholder list prepared and discussed with the NWDP staff. A list of some of the stakeholders
consulted is provided in Annex 7.
1.7
Organization of the ESMF
This ESMF is organized in nine chapters as follows:
Chapter One: provides the background information to the NWDP I and the proposed NWDP; and
introduces the various levels at which the project will be implemented. The chapter gives an overview of
the proposed project activities in the selected cities, town & districts. The NDWP development
objectives, the justification, the rationale and the proposed project implementation arrangements as well
as the potential users of the ESMF are given. Finally the chapter gives the approach and methodology
used in preparing the ESMF.
Chapter two provides an overview of baseline information of the proposed development areas. This
includes brief descriptions of the topography, water resources, hydrology and the vegetation of the
selected cities, towns and district assemblies. Also given in this chapter is the socio-economic setting
where the main economic activities such as agriculture and other main income generating activities of
these areas are briefly discussed.
Chapter three provides the relevant Malawi Environmental policies and legislation applicable to the
NWDP. The chapter also gives the relevant Operating Safeguards and Policies2; and finally compares
the two to highlight any gaps that exist; and to make the appropriate recommendations for addressing
the gaps.
Chapter Four describes the environmental and social impacts that are likely to be generated from the
proposed project activities during the planning and design, construction, operation and maintenance
and the decommissioning phases. The environmental and social impacts include those that are
perceived by the various key stakeholders that were consulted. The environmental and social impacts
are linked to the environmental components they are likely to impact upon and the sources of the
impacts are also described. These sources include the civil works for the construction new and
rehabilitation of existing structures; and the various human activities that create strains on the natural
resources and social services. The environmental and social impacts are the basis for the development
of the environmental management and monitoring plans given in Chapter 6
Chapter Five gives a step-by-step presentation of the screening process for sites for future projects.
The screening process for the main environmental and social impacts of the NWDP are presented in
four distinct steps of desks appraisal of the project activities and field assessments, the assigning of
2
Adopted from the World Bank’s guidelines
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appropriate environmental categories, carrying out of the environmental work and the review and
approval of the screening results and recommendations. The chapter introduces procedures including
checklists for screening future project activities whose locations and designs are not precisely known.
The chapter also gives an insight of the public consultation and disclosure process.
Chapter Six gives the Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which outlines the identified
environmental and social impacts, the proposed mitigation measures and the responsible institutions for
implementing the EMP. The chapter also describes the Monitoring Plan which lists the proposed
institutions to carry out the monitoring activities, monitoring indicators, monitoring frequency and the
costs for carrying out the monitoring activities. A comprehensive list of monitoring indicators is provided
in this chapter.
Chapter Seven summarizes the implementation arrangements for the ESMF, by way of assigning
tasks to the various stakeholders. The chapter details the activities that have to be carried out by the
Area Executive Committee; the administrative staff at the city, town, district and community levels and
the various committees at the national level
Chapter Eight proposes the capacity building and training requirements for the implementation of the
ESMF. The proposed areas of training include: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment,
Environmental Policies, the Screening Process, Identification of Impacts and Preparation of Reports.
The chapter also provides recommendations for training and awareness creation of social impacts
including those of communicable diseases arising from lack of appropriate hygiene and sanitation.
Chapter Nine gives the recommendations of the ESMF, among them being that effective
implementation of the NWDP II environmental and social management framework has to be looked at
in the context of other existing environmental problems and those problems that may arise from other
future project activities not related to NWDP. The chapter also recommends that successful
implementation of the ESMF will depend, to a large extent, on the involvement of the local communities.
Finally the chapter gives specific recommendations, some of which are creation of awareness, use of
the local community structures to implement the ESMF and the need to assist and support the City,
Town and District Assemblies with adequate resources and equipment necessary for implementing the
ESMF.
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CHAPTER TWO:
2.1
BIOPHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING
Introduction
Development projects of the nature of the National Water Development Project bring about various
changes (positive or negative) to the different components of the environment. These components
include the physical (geology, topography, soils, water resources etc), biological (flora and fauna),
cultural and socioeconomic (settlements, land use, livelihoods etc) components.
The NWDP activities will focus on improving the existing water supply infrastructure and expansion of
water supply coverage in urban and peri-urban areas where the impact on forest reserves may be
insignificant. However, project components that target development of future water sources for the
cities of Blantyre and Lilongwe and in areas where hydro-geological conditions are difficult, may present
challenges to the protection of forests. For instance, the OP. 4.04 of the World Bank recognises the
importance of conserving natural habitats for long term sustainable development. The Malawi Forestry
Act 1997 deals with the management of indigenous forest on customary and private land, forest
reserves and protected forest areas. It is a requirement under the Act that any development proposed
in forest reserves must be subjected to EIA.
The NWDP activities will involve improvements in water abstraction, storage and transmission. In some
areas the water abstraction, storage and transmission activities will make use of the existing water
structures such dams, tanks and pipelines. In Mzuzu, Kasungu, Lilongwe and Zomba the water supply
improvements will in some way or another depend on the existing dams. The Lunyangwa Dam in
Mzuzu, Kamuzu 1 and 2 dams in Lilongwe and Mulunguzi dam in Zomba have fairly adequate capacity
to supply water for the medium term. Chitete dam in Kasungu however, requires urgent de-silting and
catchment protection measures. The de-silting works on the Chitete dam will have very minor
significance on the project’s investments. All the dams are managed by the respective Water Boards
and appear to be safe for the duration of the project.
The EIA process for Malawi (EMA, 1997) requires that the baseline situation of the existing environment
be established, before any project that might significantly impact on the environment is implemented.
The sections outlined below briefly outline the existing environmental situation in the project impact
areas of NWDP.
2.2
Mzimba and Mzuzu City
2.2.1
Mzimba
Mzimba District is the largest district in Malawi. It is bordered by Rumphi to the North, Nkhatabay to the
East, Kasungu to the South and Zambia to the West. The district has a total area of 10,430 square
Kilometres.
Topography and Geology
There are four major physical features in the district. The Viphya highlands in the east are a high
plateau with the altitude of 1954 metres above sea level. There are large pine plantations and natural
forests on the plateau. The plains in the west extend into Kasungu and Zambia. The hill zones,
characterized by moderate to steep slopes, occur in Khosolo, Kanjuchi, and Mpherembe. There are
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also valleys along South Rukuru, Kasitu and Dwangwa Rivers (Kabuwa area). South Rukuru is the
biggest and longest river in the district and region.
Generally Mzimba is covered with medium to light textured but moderately fertile soils with eutricfersialic soil characteristics. The soils have moderate to good drainage. Fertile loamy soils are found in
the valleys and are suitable for agricultural production.
Water Resources
Mzimba River is the main water source for
the Mzimba Central Business District (CBD).
The Northern Region Water Board is
responsible for the water supply to Mzimba
Boma and Mzuzu City. However Mzimba
River is heavily silted due to river bank
cultivation (Figure 2.1).
Only 53% of the households have access to
safe drinking water (piped, boreholes and
protected wells).
Figure 2.1: Mzimba River
The Northern Region Water Board supplies
water to Mzuzu city residents from Lunyangwa Dam on Lunyangwa River. Mzimba Boma faces water
shortages throughout the year.
Vegetation
Mzimba is largely covered with indigenous and woodland forests, predominantly semi-evergreen
woodlands of Brachystegia Julbernardia and Erythrophloem, especially in Mpherembe-Euthini zone.
There are thickets of Combretum, Commophora and Euphorbia interspersed with the brachystegia
woodlands at the extreme northern part of the district, where it borders with Rumphi district. Plantation
forests of Pinus and Eucalyptus species around Viphya and Chikangawa, grasslands with forest
remnants, dry grasslands with fallow or regenerating shrubs and seasonal grasslands are common in
some parts of the district.
The total forest reserve area is 233,926 hectares, which is about 56% of the total forest area in Mzimba.
The forest reserves are Champhira, South Viphya, Perekezi, Mtangatanga, Sonjo, Bunganya, Choma,
and Dwambazi. The forest reserves are protected under the Forestry Act (1997). It is a requirement
under the Act that any development proposed in forest reserves must be subjected to an EIA study.
Lack of catchment protection for major rivers such as Mzimba, Kasitu, Luwerezi and Dwambazi have
created bare lands on South Viphya Plateau, which is now highly eroded. Other environmental
problems include deforestation, water resources degradation and depletion, human habitat degradation
and threats to biodiversity.
Population
According to 1998 population census, Mzimba District has a population of about 524,014 comprising
6.2% of the country’s population. Between 1987 and 1998, the population of the District increased by
40.9% representing an inter-censal growth rate of 3.1% per annum (NSO, 1998). With population of
about 13, 742, Mzimba Boma is the biggest urban area in the District and serves as an administrative,
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commercial and industrial centre. Its population growth rate increased by 5.4% in the inter-censal
period (1987-1998), owing to inward migration from rural areas to the Boma.
Economy
Agriculture is the main economic activity of Mzimba District, which has 575,350 hectares of arable land.
In the 2001/2002 agriculture season, 35% (202, 553 hectares) of the arable land was under cultivation
(GoM, 2003). Much of the arable land (200,322 hectares) under cultivation is used by smallholder
farmers while the rest is under estates. Among the major crops grown in Mzimba are maize, millet,
burley tobacco, oriental tobacco, ground nuts and beans.
The Status of Water Supply and Sanitation
Mzimba Boma: According to the people that were consulted and what the consultants observed,
Mzimba Boma experiences acute water shortages throughout the year. The problem has arisen
because of two major reasons. The first is that the capacity of the water supply system is lower than the
demand for water. The system has capacity to supply 1200m3/day while the current demand is about
1400m3/day. Therefore the system is unable to cope with the demand for water supply. The increased
water supply demand is caused by an ever increasing population growth at the Boma. The second
major problem is the heavy siltation (Figure 2.1) in the Mzimba River, caused by river bank cultivation
and deforestation in the catchment area. The two problems can be sorted out by rehabilitating the water
supply infrastructure and implementing catchment protection and conservation measures.
2.2.1
Mzuzu City
Mzuzu city currently has access to portable water. However,
there are some problems in some townships which are unable to
access water all the time because of low pressure. According to
the Northern Region Water Board, the system is operating at its
maximum capacity though it fails to reach all the customers.
Comparing water quality of Mzuzu City with that of Mzimba
Boma, the water quality for Mzuzu City is much better due to
good catchment protection of Lunyangwa Dam (Figure 2.2).
With continued protection of the Lunyangwa catchment, the dam
is capable of storing water up to it’s design capacity. The
immediate problem faced by the Northern Region Water Board is limited capacity to pump enough
water to all areas within Mzuzu City and the surrounding areas such as Ekwendeni. To solve the
problem of low pressure, the Water Board plans to construct a water tank at Doroba some 10
kilometres west of Mzuzu City.
Another problem faced by the Northern Region Water Board is their inability to manage the catchment
for the Lunyangwa Dam. Legally, Lunyangwa Forest Reserve is under the Department of Forestry. This
arrangement gives problems to the Water Board to effectively management the catchment.
2.3
Kasungu Town
Kasungu Town is located almost at the centre of Kasungu District, in the Central Region of Malawi. It is
bordered by Zambia in the West and Mchinji, Dowa and Lilongwe in the South; Mzimba in the North;
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and Nkhotakota and Ntchisi in the East. It is the only district in Malawi, which shares boundaries with
seven districts, in addition to sharing a boarder with Zambia. The district head quarters are
approximately 127km from Lilongwe City.
Topography, Geology and Soils
The township is under the Lilongwe-Kasungu Plain. The topography is generally undulating and is 1100
metres above sea level. Its landform includes the Kasungu Mountain, located to the west of the Central
Business District and Kasungu-Chipala to the north-north east. Kasungu Mountain is 1,451.1 metres
high.
The town lies on gneiss formations belonging to the basement complex. The gneiss is mainly
composed of metamorphosed rock of sedimentary and igneous origin, known collectively as the Malawi
basement Complex. The rocks form ‘Residual Mountains’, popularly known as inselbergs, such as
Kasungu Mountain.
The dominant soil types are the lateritic soils. These are sandy loam soils, reddish in colour. In some
areas there are river and Dambo colluviums, red clay and pure sandy soils. These are well-drained
soils, of varying thickness. The soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.6, suitable for growing maize, tobacco and
legumes. The soils are good for construction purposes.
Water Resources
The town has two main rivers; the Chitete and the
Chankhanga Rivers. Chitete River flows from the
southern part of the town and is joined by the
Kabvunguti stream which flows from the southwest.
At the confluence of these two is the Chitete Dam
(Figure 2.3). The Dam belongs to the Central Region
Water Board and was constructed to supply water to
the town and township residents. At about 3
kilometres down stream, the Chitete River is joined
by the Chankhanga River whose catchment is
Kasungu Mountain.
Figure 2.3 : Kabvunguti Dam, Kasungu Town
The other dam within the town is called
Champhantha. This dam belongs to the Nguluyanawambe Residence (residence of the first president
of Malawi). It was constructed on Champhantha stream, which flows into Chankhanga River. Forming
the boundary to the east between the township and the district is Kaswalipande Stream. This stream
empties its waters into the Chitete River which flows out of the township.
Vegetation
Kasungu Township has savanna woodland punctuated with tall grass. The most common trees include
the Accacia species and Brachystegia
The status of Water supply and Sanitation
Regional Water Board for Central Region supplies water to Kasungu Town and Township by pumping
from the Chitete Dam (Figure 2.3). However, Kasungu is a fast growing town and therefore the
Regional Water Board is currently unable to adequately supply water to all its customers. Certain areas
in the township experience water shortages due to low pressure. The low pressure is caused by small
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pipes and inadequate storage tanks. Another problem, the Regional Water Board faces is siltation of
the reservoir due to catchment cultivation and in some cases due settlements less than 150 metres
away from the dam. In order to ensure adequate water supply to the township, the Regional Water
Board plans to rehabilitate the transmission system (part of which is old asbestos cement pipes) as well
as the storage tanks. In addition, the Regional Water Board plans to intensify catchment protection of
Chitete Dam by planting trees and grass and also de-silting of the dam. Siltation is a serious problem
due to inadequate catchment protection.
2.4
Lilongwe
Lilongwe, which is the capital city of Malawi, is named after Lilongwe River that flows almost across the
centre of the district. It is located in the Central Region and is bordered by Dedza District to the east
and Salima District to the North East. The total land area is 6,159 square kilometres representing 6.5%
of Malawi’s total land area. However, NWDP II targets only the City and the surrounding peri-urban
areas, while the AfDB financing targets the rural areas of the district.
Topography, Geology and Soils
Landform ranges from extensive plains lying at mid-altitude between 1,000-1,400m above sea level
with isolated inselbergs rising above this level. To the east, the Lilongwe plain becomes increasingly
dissected and merges with the Dedza hills and Dedza scarp zone. The Dzalanyama forest reserve,
rising to 1,713m above sea level, lies to the South West of the Lilongwe plains.
Largely various gneisses, granulites and schist, including important developments of pegmatite rocks,
underlie the Lilongwe plain. All these are assigned to the Malawi Basement Complex. In the centre
and west of Lilongwe however, these rocks are commonly masked by a variety of superficial deposits,
which in some places are of considerable thickness.
Soils vary in type, depth and maturity. The Lilongwe soil catena is representative of the ferruginous soil
pattern covering the central part of the Lilongwe Plain. Dark red, sandy clay or clay; possessing typical
properties of ferruginous soil dominate the district’s flat lying plain commonly known as the Lilongwe
Series comprising the following:




Kandiani Series- a yellowish red profile with a sandy clay sub-layer;
Mwanjema Series- a deep subsoil of dark brown colour;
Monde Series- a course sandy, ferallitic soil, with the lower horizon mottled, and impeded site
drainage
Mbabzi Series- black hydromorphic clay (also known as dambo clays) subject to seasonal
water logging
Water Resources
There are six main rivers draining the district and these are Lilongwe, Lingadzi, Diamphwe, Bua, Nanjiri,
and Mbabzi. Lilongwe River and Likuni are the main sources of water supply to the residents of the
City. The catchment of the two rivers is so degraded that the security of the water supply sources is
compromised. This has prompted the Water Board responsible for Lilongwe City to investigate
alternative water supply sources to sustain and expand the water supply coverage to Lilongwe Town
and surrounding Townships. The Lilongwe and Likuni Rivers are heavily silted particularly during the
rainy seasons. This contributes to the high water treatment costs.
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Vegetation and Environment
Lilongwe District has three gazetted forest reserves under public land. These include Dzalanyama,
Thuma and Nalikule. However, the forest reserve that is of relevance to this project is the Dzalanyama
which is the major catchment area for Lilongwe river. The main tree species found in Dzalanyama
Forest Reserve and the surrounding areas include Julbernadia paniculata (Mtondo), Parinari
curatellifolia (muula), Brachestegia spiciformis (mvukwe), Terminalia sericea and Bohemmia thoningii.
The Status of Water Supply and Sanitation
The supply of water to Lilongwe City and the surrounding peri-urban areas such as Chitedze, Army Air
wing, Kamuzu International Airport, Bunda College, etc. is done by the Water Board for Central
Region. Lilongwe River, on which Kamudzu Dam 1 & 2 are built is the main source of water for
Lilongwe City and the peri-urban areas. Due to the growing population in the City of Lilongwe as well as
the peri-urban areas, many places are not connected to the water supply network and some of those
connected experience low water pressure.
2.5
Mangochi
Topography and Geology
Mangochi lies in the rift valley plain. The district becomes undulating to hilly from Monkey Bay to Cape
Maclear, with an altitude below 600 metres above the sea level. The geology comprises basement
complex paragneisses and chamockitic and quartzo-feldspathic granulites.
Soils
The most predominant soils in the lithosols. These soils are generally shallow and stony occurring
mainly in the rift valley scarp.
Water Resources
The major hydrological feature along the district is Lake Malawi, which supplies water to most of the
sites along the district. The lake is an important and prominent tourist attraction site with holiday resorts
and lodges along the shores.
2.6
Zomba
Zomba District is located in the Southern Region of Malawi. It is bordered by Chiradzulu to the South
West, Mulanje and Phalombe Districts to the South, Machinga District to the North, Balaka District to
the North West and Mozambique to the East. The total land area of the District is 2,580 square
kilometres, comprising 3% of the total land area of Malawi.
The Municipality of Zomba, which houses the district headquarters, is 64 kilometres North of Blantyre
City, the country’s main commercial centre; and 288 kilometres south of Lilongwe City, the Capital of
Malawi. Zomba Municipality is the second largest town in the Southern Region after Blantyre and the
fourth largest in the country. It is also a University Town where the University of Malawi Central
Administrative Offices and Chancellor College, a constituent college of the University of Malawi, are
located.
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Topography and Geology
The topography varies between undulating to flat. The topographical characteristics cause climatic
diversity. Metamorphic rocks of sedimentary and igneous origins underline the district. There are
different types of minerals and these include limestone currently being mined commercially in the
district.
Soils
Most soils are well-drained, yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, medium to fine textured, slightly to
medium acidic and are very deep. These soils are mostly classified as eutric or chromic camisoles,
haplic or chronic luvisols or haplic or luvic phaeozems. Greysols are particularly common around Lake
Chilwa.
Water Resources
Zomba District is endowed with rivers that include Mulunguzi, Thondwe, Domasi, Naisi, Namadzi,
Phalombe and Likangala. In addition to several rivers of importance, the District has Lake Chilwa into
which some of these rivers drain. The new dam on Mulunguzi River is the main water supply source for
the Municipality of Zomba and its peri-urban areas
Vegetation
Zomba can be classified into two distinct biotic communities. Part of the plateau is semi-evergreen
forest while the other part is made up of wetlands. Miombo woodlands comprise forestlands in the
plateaux hills and escarpments that have medium to high rainfall. Mopane woodlands which are largely
dominated by Colophospermum mopane with open glades cover the fringes of the District. The most
common vegetation type is that of Brachystegia (Miombo) woodland. The District has high species
diversity particularly on the Zomba Mountain. In addition to the various tree species, the District has the
Zomba Forest Reserve.
Population Size and Growth
According to the 1998 Population and Housing Census Zomba District has a total population of 540,428
which is about 6% of the national population. The average population growth rate is estimated at 1.8 %,
slightly lower than the population growth rate of 1.9% for the country. Zomba is the largest district in
terms of population size in the Southern Region. Zomba Municipality has a population of 64,115
Environment
The environmental situation in Zomba is fast deteriorating due to the rapid loss of forest cover.
Deforestation is occurring at a very fast pace as a result of human encroachment in protected forests,
for purposes of agricultural expansion, increasing demand for fuelwood (charcoal and firewood), and
higher timber requirement. The rate of forest destruction is further aggravated by infrastructure
development, such as the construction of Mulunguzi Dam and expansion of the district road network.
The Status of Water Supply and Sanitation
The Region Water Board responsible for Eastern Region Town Water Supply, supplies portable water
to the City of Zomba. The Water Board abstracts the water from the dam on Mulunguzi River. Due to
increasing human population in the municipality, more water is required. The Water Board faces
problems of low pressure due to small and old pipes constructed some decades ago. It is planned
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under NWDP to rehabilitate the water supply system so that it is able to meet the current and future
demand.
Zomba Municipality has an old sewerage
system that is not able to service the
current population. The old sewerage
asbestos pipes continuously break. The
municipality also depends on the septic
tank system for treatment and disposal
of sewage. With increasing human
population, there is need to upgrade the
sewerage system to cope with
increasing wastewater generation.
During the public consultations, the
consultant noted the problems of sullage
disposal at communal water points.
Figure 2.4 Problems of wastewater disposal at one of the communal water points
Lack of proper wastewater disposal at
these communal taps contributes to unsanitary conditions and water related diseases including malaria.
Figure 2.4 shows the problems typically faced at these communal water points
2.7
Blantyre District
Location and Size
Blantyre District is bordered by Mwanza District in the North, Zomba in the North East, Chiradzulu in the
South East, Thyolo in the South and Chikwawa in the west. It is located in the Shire Highlands and is
the geographical centre of the Southern Region of the Country. It is the largest commercial city and is
the industrial capital of Malawi. The current population of Blantyre District, based on population
projection is 1,113,613. Out of this population 744,734 live in the city while 368,879 live in the rural
areas. Blantyre has a population growth rate of 3.8%.
Soil
There are three main types of soils: (a) the dark clay or reddish brown clay loam soil; clayey alluvium
deposits mostly found in areas which are moderately steep and flat along banks and headwaters of
rivers and streams; and residual soils from pyroxene granulate and systematic gneiss.
Vegetation
The district has savanna type of vegetation. Most of the vegetation is heavily depleted due to clearance
for the construction of buildings and urban infrastructure, crop cultivation and exploitation for firewood,
charcoal making and building materials. The only remaining natural forests are confined conservation
areas e.g. Michiru , Soche and Bangwe Mountain.
Forest Reserves and Plantations
The district has a number of forest reserves and plantations covering a total of 15,058 hectares. Most of
the forest reserves/plantations are planted with blue gum and are in advanced state of deforestation.
These include Namatunu, Ndirande, Soche, Kanjedza, Bangwe, Michiru, Chigumula, Blantyre City
Fuelwood Project, Mirale, and International Timber Plantation.
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The prominent forest types are plantations with exotic species of eucalyptus and pine trees. The
plantations are mostly government or estate owned. The indigenous forests, mostly composed of
Brachystegia woodland are found on customary land under Traditional Authorities (T/As).
Water Resources
Blantyre District has abundant renewable ground and surface water resources which cater for water
supply through the provision of piped water, boreholes and wells. The piped water caters for the city
residents and the peri - urban dwellers. Over 80 percent are served by this source.
Piped water supply in Blantyre City is provided by the Water Board in the Southern Region covering
Blantyre City Water Area to over 80 percent of the city population. This implies that less than 20
percent of the city dwellers obtain water from unprotected source such as streams and rivers. The
rivers are degraded mainly due to illegal dumping of waste and effluent discharges from industries,
domestic and commercial establishments. The rivers are also affected by high levels of faecal
contaminants and poor sanitation combined with seepage from latrines.
Environment Situation
Unlike other districts, the rate at which the environment is deteriorating in Blantyre is very much
alarming. Being the major commercial and industrial city of the country, the work force is always on the
move, immigrating into the city with the purpose of looking for either job or business opportunities.
These groups of people exert a big pressure on the environment as they look for fuel wood, land for
settlement and for dumping waste. Fast track analysis of the environment by district heads of
departments identified the following as major environmental problems faced in the district. The
problems are listed according to the extent of their gravity with deforestation being the highest:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Deforestation
Over population
Water pollution
Unplanned settlement
Waste mismanagement
Land degradation
Disease outbreak
Drought
Water hyacinth
Air pollution
Siltation
It is widely acknowledged that the district’s natural resources have been and continue to be degraded
due to the combined effects of overpopulation, poor land management practices, and poverty among
other things.
The Status of Water Supply and Sanitation
Water supply for Blantyre is provided by the Water Board which abstracts water from Walker’s Ferry on
Shire River to Blantyre for a distance of more than 30 kilometres. Blantyre City and its surrounding
towns experience critical water supply shortages due to old pipes (some of them are asbestos type)
and equipment that frequently break down, high silt levels and the presence of water hyacinth in the
Shire River which affect the pumping at the intake (Walker’s Ferry); and power supply interruptions
caused by high silt loads.
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Blantyre City Assembly has three main sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants. These
sewerage systems and treatment plants require upgrading to improve the quality and coverage of
sanitation particularly in the growing townships.
2.8
The Liwonde Barrage
The Liwonde Barrage, located on the Shire River, in Liwonde Town was constructed in the 70’s to
control the Shire River water flow for power
generation and water supply for Blantyre City and
surrounding towns. Due to age and the technology
used, the Barrage is unable to effectively control
water flow in the Shire River for efficient power
generation. Of late the Liwonde Barrage area has
been adversely affected by water hyacinth from
upstream. This has lead to additional problems of
water abstraction as well as power generation.
Fig 2.5: Water hyacinth trapped under the Liwonde
barrage
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CHAPTER THREE:
3.1
RELEVANT LEGISLATION AND THE WORLD BANK POLICIES
Malawi Legislation Relevant to NWDP Implementation
Legislation, policies and instruments are available to support environmental management and the EIA
process in Malawi. The National Environmental Policy (2004) and the Environment Management Act
(EMA, 1996) are the key instruments that cover environmental management in all the sectors of
development. The EIA Guidelines prescribe the process, procedures and practices for conducting an
EIA and preparing EIA reports. In addition to these instruments, there are sector specific policies and
legislations that that provide regulation for managing the environment. Summarized below are some of
these policies and legislation that are relevant to the implementation of NWDP.
The Republic of Malawi Constitution (1995)
The present constitution of the Republic of Malawi came into force in 1995. Section 13 (d) of the
Constitution sets a broad framework for sustainable environmental management at various levels in
Malawi. Among other issues, it calls for prudent management of the environment and accords future
generations their full rights to the environment. In accordance with the provisions of the constitution, the
National Water Development Programme has to ensure that all its project activities are implemented in
an environmentally sustainable manner.
The National Environmental Action Plan 2002
The Government of Malawi signed the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development in 1992 and
committed herself to putting in place tools and mechanisms that ensure sustainable utilization of her
resources. One of the outcomes of the Rio Conference was the Agenda 21, an action plan for
sustainable development in the 21st Century. The Agenda 21 required that the Government prepares a
National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP). The NEAP, developed in 1994, provides the framework for
integrating environmental protection and management in all country development programmes, with the
view to achieving sustainable socio-economic development. NWDP will have effects on natural
resources especially water sources and their respective catchments. The implementation of the project
will therefore, require environmental protection and management measures to achieve sustainable
development as required by the NEAP.
National Environmental Policy 2004
Based on the findings of the NEAP, a National Environmental Policy (NEP) was developed in 1996, and
revised in 2004. The NEP highlights the areas of priority including efficient utilization and management
of natural resources. It promotes the private sector, CBOs, NGOs and community participation to
initiate and mobilize resources, to achieve sustainable environmental management, and to involve local
communities in environmental planning. The policy empowers the communities to protect, conserve
and sustainably utilize the nation’s natural resources. It advocates enhancement of public awareness
and promotion of public participation. It also prescribes cooperation with other Governments and
relevant international and regional organizations in the management and protection of the environment.
The NEP objectives address a broad range of environmental problems facing Malawi. The overall
policy goal is the promotion of sustainable social and economic development through the sound
management of the environment in Malawi. In line with the requirements of the NEAP, NWDP will have
to integrate environmental management and protection during planning, implementation and
operational phases, to ensure integrated natural resources management. The NEAP provides the
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basis for the participation of the local communities in the management of natural resources and the
environment for the NWDP.
Environment Management Act 1996
The Environment Management Act of 1996 outlines the EIA process to be followed in Malawi and
requires that all project developers in both the public and private sectors comply with the process. The
Act defines the powers, functions and duties of the Director of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and
Environmental Affairs Department (EAD) in implementing the EIA process. The Act prescribes the
types and sizes of projects, which should be subjected to EIA. However, the Act does not have an
environmental and social screening process for those projects whose location and extent are not yet
known at the inception and planning stage.
Under NWDP, some of the project activities may fall under the list of prescribed projects as determined
by the EMA. Hence, EIA studies have to be conducted for these activities before implementation.
Since the project locations and the extent of project activities are not exactly known at this time, this
ESMF is required for the environmental and social screening to guide the developer in determining the
level of environmental work required.
EIA Guidelines 1997
The EIA guidelines published in 1997 outline the process for conducting EIA’s to ensure compliance
with the EIA process by project developers, as outlined in the Environment Management Act. The
guidelines provide a list of prescribed projects for which EIA is mandatory and those that may not
require an EIA. The guidelines are a tool for integrating environmental issues into the project
development plans in both the public and private sectors. The National Water Development Programme
activities will have to be screened to isolate activities which will be subjected to EIAs in different
locations. After the screening process, EIAs will have to be conducted for the project activities that
qualify, by following the process outlined in the guidelines.
Decentralization Policy 1998
The Decentralization Policy, developed in 1998 devolves administration and political authority to the
district level, in order to promote popular participation. The Decentralization Policy assigns certain
responsibilities to district assemblies. One of the key responsibilities is to assist the government in the
management and preservation of the environment and natural resources. This policy is useful for the
implementation of NWDP, as it supports the creation of different sectoral committees at all levels of the
district, to promote participation of different stakeholders.
National Land Policy, 2002
The National Land Policy is the principal policy that guides land management and administration in
Malawi. The policy introduces major reforms intended for land planning, use, management and tenure.
It provides clear definition of land ownership categories (Section 4), and addresses issues of
compensation payment for land (Section 4.6).
The policy has provisions for environmental management, urban management of solid and liquid
wastes, protection of sensitive areas, agricultural resource conservation and land use, community
forests and woodland management. Of particular importance are the requirements in Section 9.8.1 (b)
of the policy, that EIA studies shall be mandatory before any major land development project is carried
out; and in Section 9.8.1 (c) that development activities in fragile ecosystems such as wetlands, game
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reserves, forest reserves and critical habitants will only be permitted after the appropriate authority has
conducted an EIA study. NWDP will have to adhere to this policy to meet its requirements for
sustainable management and protection of the water and other natural resources.
National Water Policy (2004)
Similar to the National Land Policy, the National Water Policy is a recent administrative tool in the
natural resources management (NRM) sector. This policy empowers the Ministry of Irrigation and Water
Development to put in place sustainable mechanisms to ensure that water is of acceptable quality and
is accessible to all Malawians at all times. The policy also advocates an integrated approach to the
management of water resources in the country and thereby recognizes the importance of other policies
and acts for achieving its goals.
The relevance of this policy to NWDP is where the proposed project activities might affect aquatic
ecosystems either positively or negatively. If not properly managed, the activities of the project may
lead to the degradation and depletion of water resources thereby counteracting the principles of the
National Water Policy. Therefore it will be vital for the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development, as
a key, stakeholder to ensure that the project activities are adequately monitored to protect natural water
resources.
Water Resources Act (1969)
The Water Resources Act (1969) deals with control, conservation, apportionment and use of water
resources of Malawi. Of relevance to the project is Section 16 of the Act which states that it is an
offence for any person to interfere with, alter the flow of, or pollute, or foul any public water. This Act
requires that NWDP avoid water degradation and depletion when developing new water supply
schemes and rehabilitating/upgrading the existing ones. NWDP must also ensure that wastewater
from water supply points is properly treated so that it does not pollute the environment.
Forestry Act (1997)
The Forestry Act (1997) deals with the management of indigenous forests on customary and private
land; forest reserves and protected forest areas; woodlots and plantation forestry and it also deals with
crosscutting issues including law enforcement and fire management.
The Act recommends EIA studies for projects in the forest reserves or forest-protected areas. The
Forestry Act 1997 gives the Forestry Management Board the responsibility to approve EIA reports for
proposed projects within forest reserves and protected forest areas. NWDP II will have to comply with
this Act, more especially in the Northern Region where most of the planned activities particularly dams
are within the forest reserves.
Forestry Policy (1996)
This policy promotes sustainable contribution of national forests, woodlands and trees towards the
improvements of the quality of life in the country by conserving the resources for the benefit of the
nation and to the satisfaction of diverse and changing needs of the Malawi population, particularly local
communities. The main goal of the Forest Policy is to reduce the degenerative impact of development
on the environment, is associated with poverty. The Policy also aims at creating an enabling
environment for promoting participation of the private sector in forest conservation and management,
eliminating restrictions on sustainable harvesting of essential forest products by local communities and
promotion of planned harvesting and regeneration of the forest resources by village forest authorities.
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The Policy is of importance to NWDP in that it supports protection of catchments, which include water
sources and forests.
National Parks and Wildlife Act (2000)
The Act primarily deals with the protection and sustainable management of wildlife. Of relevance to
NWDP is Part IV relating to Wildlife Impact Assessment (WIA). This empowers any person to request
the minister, through the Wildlife Research and Management Board, to have a WIA prepared where
they have sufficient reason to believe that any proposed or existing government process or activity may
have an adverse impact on any wildlife species or the community. Considering that some components
of the National Water Development Programme may be implemented in national parks or wildlife
reserves, especially catchments for different rivers, it is important that these provisions are taken into
account and that appropriate action is taken. For NWDP, a WIA of the proposed Dam in Mzimba may
have to be necessary to assess impacts of the dam on natural habitats, cultural property, forests and
people who might lose access to the parks resources.
National Parks and Wildlife Policy (2000)
The aim of the National Parks and Wildlife Policy is to ensure proper conservation and management of
wildlife resources, to provide for sustainable utilization and equitable access to the resources; and the
sharing of benefits arising from the use of the resources for both present and future generations. One of
the policy objectives is to ensure adequate protection of ecosystems and their biological diversity
through promotion and adoption of appropriate land management practices that adhere to the principle
of sustainable development. The National Water Development Programme will have to ensure that the
development and use of the water resources meets the needs of the present generation and considers
the needs of future generations.
Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (1997)
The Fisheries Conservation and Management Act (FCMA) enacted in 1997, identifies issues which may
have a bearing on NWDP such as: degradation of spawning grounds by siltation and changing water
flow regimes; retention of the unique biodiversity of Lake Malawi and protection of pollution sources.
The proposed project should take these issues into account to ensure that it does not adversely affect
fish resources. This is critical especially with respect to the project activities in Mangochi and Liwonde.
Town and Country Planning Act 1988
The Town and Country Planning Act is a very important policy for managing land use in Malawi. The
Act advocates regulation of developments with respect to location in order to ensure compatibility of
land use components over a project area. The Act promotes protection and sustainable utilization of
natural resources through optimal use of land and related service infrastructures.
The Town and Country Planning Act should be the guiding principle to ensure that NWDP optimally
utilizes and manages land resources and that the proposed development activities are compatible with
the land use planning.
3.2 Relevant World Bank Safeguard Policies Compared with the National Legislation
In order to understand relevance of policy issues of the Development Partners, such as the World
Bank, that will be triggered by the National Water Development Programme, the World Bank’s
safeguard operational policies: “OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment”, “OP 4.12 Involuntary
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Resettlement”, and “OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways” are the most relevant and applicable
safeguard policy issues triggered. These policies are summarized and compared with national
legislation in the sub-sections below:
Environmental Assessment (Operational Policy 4.01)
The objective of OP 4.01 is to ensure that World Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and
sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and
mitigation of their likely environmental impacts. This policy is triggered if a project is likely to have
potential adverse environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence.
The World Bank’s categorization of projects, with respect to significance of environmental impacts is as
follows:
(a) Category A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse
environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area
broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a Category A project examines the
project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts, compares them with those of feasible
alternatives (including the "without project" situation), and recommends any measures needed to
prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental
performance. For a Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an
EIA (or a suitably comprehensive or sectoral EA) that includes as necessary, elements of other
elements such as environmental audits or hazard or risk assessments.
(b) Category B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental
impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas - including wetlands, forests,
grasslands, and other natural habitats - are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These
impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigatory measures can
be designed more readily than for Category A projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may
vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that of Category A EA. Like Category A EA, it
examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any
measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve
environmental performance.
(c) Category C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no
adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C
project.
(d) Category FI: A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of World Bank
funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that might result in adverse environmental
impacts.
A summary of the World Bank’s safeguard policies that are relevant to NWDP is provided in Annex 2.
The construction and rehabilitation of infrastructure under the NWDP, is likely to have environmental
impacts, which require mitigation. Therefore, in line with the Operational Policy, this ESMF is prepared
for screening of the NWDP project activities. Given that the NWDP has been classified as a Category
B, the NWDP will not fund any investments that have been classified as Category A based on the
screening results.
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Involuntary Resettlement (Operational Policy 4.12)
The objective of OP 4.12 is to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible by exploring all
viable alternative project designs. OP 4.12 is intended to assist displaced persons in maintaining or
improving their living standards. It encourages community participation in planning and implementing
resettlement; and in providing assistance to affected people, regardless of the legality of title of the land
they posses and has to be acquired for project activities. This policy is triggered not only if physical
relocation occurs, but also by any loss of land resulting in: relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or
access to assets; loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected people
must move to another location. For NWDP, a Resettlement Policy Framework to guide land acquisition
and resettlement has been prepared.
OP 7.50 Projects on International Waterways
The objective of this policy is to ensure that World Bank-financed projects affecting international
waterways would not affect: (i) relations between the World Bank and its borrowers and between states
(whether members of the World Bank or not); and (ii) the efficient utilization and protection of
international waterways. The same considerations are adopted for NWDP in consideration of all other
Development Partners supporting NWDP that may be affected in like manner following the
implementation of NWDP Projects.
The policy applies to the following types of projects: (a) Hydroelectric, irrigation, flood control,
navigation, drainage, water and sewerage, industrial and similar projects that involve the use or
potential pollution of international waterways; and (b) Detailed design and engineering studies of
projects under (a) above, include those carried out by the Bank as executing agency or in any other
capacity.
This policy will be triggered if (a) any river, canal, lake or similar body of water that forms a boundary
between, or any river or body of surface water that flows through two or more states, whether Bank
members or not; (b) any tributary or other body of surface water that is a component of any waterway
described under (a); and (c) any bay, gulf strait, or channel bounded by two or more states, or if within
one state recognized as a necessary channel of communication between the open sea and other
states, and any river flowing into such waters.
The proposed project has carried out the notifications of its riparian states in consistence with this
policy.
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3.3
Gaps between World Bank Policies and the National Legislation
Environmental Assessment
Both the Malawi legislation on EIA and the World Bank OP 4.01 - Environmental Assessment have
provisions for conducting environmental impact assessment studies for projects that are likely to cause
adverse environmental impacts. For the case of Malawi legislation, there is no provision for
environmental screening of projects whose activities and locations are not known, while the World Bank
undertakes environmental screening of each proposed project to determine the extent and type of
environmental assessment. The Bank further classifies proposed projects into one of four categories,
depending on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the project, and the nature and magnitude of
its potential environmental impacts. By preparing this ESMF, the gap that exists for the projects whose
activities and locations are not known is bridged. However, it is recommended that Malawi’s
environmental legislation be revised to incorporate the screening process for project activities whose
location and activities are not known.
Involuntary Resettlement
While the World Bank policy on involuntary resettlement requires the preparation of a Resettlement
Policy Framework for projects that may result in relocation of people, the Malawi National Land Policy is
not very clear on the procedures to be followed for cases requiring resettlement and compensation. As
a result, resettlement and compensation has to be determined for each project, individually. This has
the derogatory effect of always putting the displaced persons at a disadvantage. The preparation of the
Resettlement Policy Framework bridges the gap and ensures that the project affected persons are
adequately catered for and that their livelihoods are restored or improved in comparison with the
original conditions. It is therefore recommended that the Ministry responsible for land matters should
develop appropriate procedures to be followed when people have to be resettled and compensated.
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CHAPTER FOUR:
4.1
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS
Description of Project Phases for Environmental Management
The typical project activities to be implemented under each of the NWDP subcomponents are broadly
categorized into the:
 planning and design,
 construction and rehabilitation,
 operation and maintenance and
 decommissioning and closure phases
This has been done in order to identify some of the main potential and significant environmental and
social components that would be impacted by the project activities of the nature proposed for NWDP.
Each of the project phases listed above have environmental and social consequences on the different
environmental components such as soils, water, air and the society. Table 4.1 below relates the four
project phases to the environmental components.
As can be seen from the table, most of the impacts will be felt during the construction and rehabilitation
phases of the various project activities while fewer impacts will be felt during the operation and
maintenance phases; and the least number of impacts will be experienced during the planning and
design phase of project implementation.
National Water Development Programme
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31
National Water Development Programme
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
March 2011
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Existing infrastructure and
services
Future land use options
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
National economy
X
X
Local economy
Cultural heritage and sites
Noise and vibration
Air quality
Fauna
Flora
Groundwater quality
Groundwater resources
Surface water quality
Topography
Surface water resources
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Aesthetic and amenity values
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Health and safety
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X X
Current land use
X
Rural livelihoods
X
Local communities
PLANNING AND DESIGN
Mobilization of stakeholders
Site Identification
Surveying of the project site
Project design
CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION
Mobilization of resources
Rehabilitation of intakes
Land Clearing Activities
Diversion of rivers
Afforestation of selected catchment areas
Acquire construction materials
Rehabilitation of dams
Construct access roads
Install water pipes
Install water tanks
Dredge dams and intakes
Soils
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Geology
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPONENTS
Archaeology/ Palaeontology
Table 4.1: An Outline of Typical Project Activities and Examples of Potential Impacts of National Water Development Programme
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
32
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Aesthetic and amenity values
X X
X X
X X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Health and safety
X
X
X
X
Existing infrastructure and
services
X
X
X
X
X
X
National economy
X
Local economy
X
X
X
Fauna
X
X
X
Flora
X X
X X
X X
Cultural heritage and sites
Archaeology/ Palaeontology
Groundwater quality
Groundwater resources
X
X
X
Future land use options
X
X
Current land use
X
X
X
X
Rural livelihoods
DECOMM. AND CLOSSURE
Closure of quarries and borrow pits
X
Local communities
X
X
Noise and vibration
OPERATION & MTCE
Water abstraction
Water supply
Operation of water points
Surface water quality
X
X
X
Surface water resources
X
X
X
Air quality
X
Topography
Construct intakes
Rehabilitate pipelines & Equipment
Demobilization
Soils
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Geology
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPONENTS
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Notes: X indicates the component of the environment that the programme has potential impacts (may be negative or positive).
National Water Development Programme
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33
4.2
Sources of Environmental and Social Impacts
The NWDP and related subcomponent activities will generate environmental and social impacts during
implementation, operation as well as during decommissioning. This is because:









the civil works for new structures will involve construction on virgin land thereby affecting the
farmland, human settlement, forests, animals, and other natural resources;
the rehabilitation works will require demolition of existing water supply infrastructure and generate
rubble and waste that will need to be disposed of properly;
both the new and the rehabilitation civil works may require new land for storage/distribution tanks,
booster stations, pipelines and for construction of temporary structures;
additional water abstraction resulting in changes in ground and surface water regimes, both inside
and outside the project impact areas;
additional use of water resources will result in the increase in waste water generation;
water supply activities and other civil works may cause water stagnation and sanitation problems;
the provision of water supply in unplanned areas may result in increase of unplanned settlements;
the increase in numbers of people within the project areas will result in depletion of natural
resources, pollution of water and degradation of soils. Consequently, several environmental
components will be affected in one way or another by such activities and;
the increase in interaction of different types of people will result in social and health problems
arising from high pressure on social and health services such as medical and educational
services.
During field investigations and public consultations stakeholders identified key potential impacts that are
likely to be generated by the project activities. Table 4.2 below contains the potential impacts to be
generated by the NWDP II, as perceived by the key stakeholders. These perceived impacts, together with
the social and environmental safeguard’s consultant professional experience and judgment, had been used
to develop the generic environmental management plan given in Table 6.1
In addition to identifying the environmental and social impacts, the stakeholders expressed their views in
general, about the project as indicated below:

The NWDP will play a very important role in improving the people’s livelihoods. Therefore the
project is very welcome and it is well overdue;

In general, those consulted were of the view that positive social and environmental impacts of the
NWDP will be many and that these will greatly outweigh the negative social and environmental
impacts;

Some of the institutions consulted indicated the need to incorporate full cost recovery mechanisms
into the programme operation stage and to fully involve the private sector in the water services
operation and management;

Public awareness campaigns should be carried out for the beneficiary communities to sensitise
them on general environmental and social management practices;

As much as possible the programme should encourage the use of environmentally friendly
technologies and the Government should provide incentive measures to promote the use of these
technologies;
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011

Effective monitoring of environmental and social management plans has to be put in place;

Deliberate efforts should be made to encourage maximum participation of women in all stages of
project planning and design, implementation and operation and;

The project should strive to use existing local community structures in the management and
administration of the ESMF, in order to promote ownership and sustainability of the environmental
management plans.
Below is a summary of the positive and negative impacts as perceived by stakeholders in the project
impact areas.
Positive Impacts











increased and improved access to portable water
more people to benefit from improved water supply
Creation of employment opportunities
Increased development
Improved water quality due to water resources management
Improved tourism
Reduction in time spent fetching water
Promotion of fisheries
Improved water sanitation resulting in reduction of water related diseases
Opening up of small businesses
Improved health status due to improved water supply
Negative Impacts












Increased deforestation during the construction stage
Increased generation of both liquid and solid waste
Loss of farmland
Disturbance livelihoods
Soil erosion
Population influx leading to dilution of culture e.g. through intermarriages
Disturbance of families due to displacement
Loss of biodiversity
Increased spread of sexually transmitted infections and HIV and AIDS
Opening of borrow pits
Increased squatter / illegal settlements
Destruction / disturbance of existing infrastructure and services due to excavation
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March 2011
CHAPTER FIVE:
5.1
THE SCREENING PROCESS FOR PROJECT SITES AND ACTIVITIES
Introduction to the Screening Process
The key to environmental management is the environmental and social screening process, which may or
may not result in the preparation of a full EIA report. The screening process presented here follows OP
4.01 of the World Bank because Malawi does not yet have such a screening process. The screening
process will be carried out at the specific project sites once identified for NWDP. The environmental and
social screening process is necessary for the review and approval of the engineering plans for the
development of new and rehabilitation of existing water supply facilities. The objectives of the screening
process are to:
a) determine which construction and rehabilitation activities are likely to have potential negative
environmental and social impacts;
b) determine the level of environmental work required, including whether an EIA is required or not;
c) determine appropriate mitigation measures for addressing adverse impacts;
d) incorporate mitigation measures into the development plans;
e) indicate the need for a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP), which would be prepared in line with the
Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF), prepared for NWDP;
f) facilitate the review and approval of the construction and rehabilitation proposals and;
g) provide guidelines for monitoring environmental parameters during the construction, rehabilitation,
operation and maintenance of the infrastructure facilities and related project activities.
The extent of environmental work that might be required, prior to the commencement of construction and
rehabilitation of NWDP facilities will depend on the outcome of the screening process described in sections
5.2 to 5.5 (steps 1-4).
5.2
Step 1: Screening of Project Activities and Sites
Malawi’s Guidelines for EIA, 1997 provide for categorization of projects into either List A or List B
depending on the size, nature and perceived environmental consequences of a project. Where it is clear
that project activities fall under List A of the Guidelines, an EIA shall be carried out. The screening process
will be used to determine the size, nature and perceived environmental impacts of project activities of
NWDP.
The screening form (Annex 1) will be completed by personnel trained and qualified in the implementation of
the screening process. The screening form, when correctly completed, will facilitate the:





identification of potential environmental and social impacts;
determination of their significance;
assignment of the appropriate environmental category;
determination of appropriate environmental mitigation measures and;
need to conduct an EIA and or to prepare Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) where required.
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March 2011
Since the administrative structures for the City/Town and District Assemblies are different, two screening
flow charts are proposed as follows:
5.2.1
Screening of Project Activities and sites within the District Assemblies
For the District Administrative structure, the screening process will be conducted in the following manner
(see Chart 5.1):
Preparation activities for the screening process will include a desk appraisal of the construction and
rehabilitation plans for water supply and sanitation facilities and related infrastructure. This will be
carried out by the District Environmental Sub-committee (DESC) and Area Executive Committee
(AEC). The DESC is the environmental sub-committee of the District Executive Committee
(DEC) and AEC is the local (village level) administrative sub-committee of DEC. The DEC reports
to the District Assembly.
Subsequent to the desk appraisal of the construction and rehabilitation plans, the initial screening
of the proposed project activities will be carried in the field, through the use of the Environmental
and Social Screening Form, Annex 1(a), by the AEC and DESC, which includes the District
Environmental Officer.
5.2.2
Screening of Project Activities and sites within City or Town Assemblies
At the City or Town Assembly, the process will be done in a similar manner to that of Section 5.2.1, except
that the Water Boards, with the assistance of the EDO will perform the roles of AEC and DESC; while the
Town and Country Planning Committee (TCPC) will perform the roles of the DEC. Chart 5.2 outline the
details of the screening process for the City and Town Assembly
5.3
Step 2: Assigning the Appropriate Environmental Categories
The environmental and social screening form, when completed, will provide information on the assignment
of the appropriate environmental category to a particular activity for construction of new facilities or
rehabilitation of existing structures. The TCPC (for Town or City Assembly); or the DEC (for the District
Assembly) will be responsible for categorizing a construction or rehabilitation activity as either A, B1, B2, or
C.
Category A project activities would have comprehensive, broad and long term impacts and therefore would
require an EIA. Category B projects are those where few of the impacts are irreversible and therefore may
need some limited EIA study; and Category C usually have no significant negative impacts and therefore
would not require any additional environmental work..
The assignment of the appropriate environmental category will be based on the provisions of the World
Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01), on Environmental Assessment. Consistent with this Operational Policy,
most construction and rehabilitation activities under NWDP are likely to be categorized as B1/B2. Some
rehabilitation activities such as painting of water storage structures might be categorized as “C” if the
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March 2011
environmental and social screening results indicate that such activities will have no significant
environmental and social impacts. Thus, if the screening form has ONLY “No” entries, the proposed
activity will not require further environmental work, and the TCPC or DEC will recommend approval of the
screening results to the City/Town or District Assembly respectively, for implementation of the project
activity to proceed immediately.
The environmental category “A” (significant, irreversible impacts) will not apply to the construction of new;
and rehabilitation of existing facilities to be funded for NWDP and no category “A” project activities will be
funded under NWDP. However, TCPC or DEC will have to pay particular attention to proposals involving
the construction of new facilities such as new water intakes, water storage tanks, new pipelines and related
infrastructure, new sanitation facilities and new borrow pits as sources of construction materials.
In the event that Resettlement Action Plans (RAPs) will have to be prepared for NWDP activities, these
would be reviewed and approved by the Commissioner for Lands, consistent with the Resettlement Policy
Framework; as well as the World Bank OP 4.12, prior to payment of compensation and commencement of
project activities. For other World Bank Operational Policies that are relevant to the preparation of this
ESMF refer to Annex 2
5.4
Step 3: Carrying out Environmental Work
After reviewing the information provided in the environmental and social screening form and having
determined the appropriate environmental category, the TCPC or DEC will determine whether (a) the
application of simple mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental and Social Checklist will suffice; or
whether (b) a comprehensive EIA will need to be carried out using the Malawi EIA guidelines whose
process is given in Annex 3.
5.4.1
Environmental and Social Checklist:
The Environmental Checklist in Annex 1(b) will be completed by qualified members of the TCPC or DEC.
Some of the activities categorized as B (which may not require EIA) might benefit from the application of
mitigation measures outlined in the checklist. In situations where the screening process identifies the need
for land acquisition, a RAP shall be prepared consistent with OP 4.12.
If there are already existing standard designs, the TCPC or DEC will assess them for impacts on the
chosen site and the community; and recommend modification of the designs to include appropriate
mitigation measures. For example, if the environmental screening process identifies loss of fertile
agricultural fields as the main impact from the construction of a water storage reservoir, the mitigation
measure would be for the TCPC or DEC to choose a site further away from the fertile gardens so that the
livelihood systems are maintained.
5.4.2
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
The EIA will identify and assess the potential environmental impacts of the proposed construction activities,
evaluate alternatives, as well as design and implement appropriate mitigation, management and monitoring
measures. These measures will be captured in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which will be
prepared as part of the EIA report for each sub-project. A typical Environmental Management Plan for
NWDP works is included in Table 6.1.
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March 2011
Where appropriate and where required, preparation of the EIA, the EMP and the RAP will be carried out in
consultation with the relevant stakeholders, including potentially affected persons. The TCPC or DEC, in
close consultation with the Environmental Affairs Department and on behalf of the City or District Assembly
respectively, will arrange for the (i) preparation of EIA terms of reference, whose format is provided in
Annex 4; (ii) recruitment of a consultant to carry out the EIA; (iii) public consultations; and (iv) review and
approval of the EIA through the national EIA approval process. The general EIA process in Malawi as
provided for in the Malawi EIA guidelines is presented In Annex 3 and the procedures for EIA preparation
are presented in Annex 5
5.5
Step 4: Review and Approval of the Screening Activities & EIAs
5.5.1
Review
The TCPC or DEC will review the results and recommendations presented in the environmental and social
screening forms; and the proposed mitigation measures presented in the environmental and social
checklists.
Where an EIA has been carried out for Category B2 projects, EAD will review the reports to ensure that all
environmental and social impacts have been identified and that effective mitigation measures have been
proposed. It has to be understood that NWDP cannot finance any sub-projects that have been categorized
as “A” because NWDP has been categorized as “B”. Thus projects that would be on Malawi’s List “A”
would not be funded under this project.
5.5.2
Recommendation for Approval and Disapproval
Based on the results of the above review process, and discussions with the relevant stakeholders and
potentially affected persons, the TCPC or DEC, in case of projects that don’t require EIA will make
recommendations to the City/Town or District Assemblies to go ahead with the project implementation.
Where an EIA is required the City/Town or District Assemblies will recommend to NWDP and EAD for the
EIA study. After preparation of the EIA report, EAD will recommend to the National Council on
Environment (NCE) for its approval.
5.5.3
Endorsement
Subsequently, NCE will forward its recommendations to the Minister responsible for environmental affairs
for endorsement. The corresponding RAPs would be reviewed and approved by the Ministry responsible
for Lands, Housing, and Physical Planning.
5.5.4
Training for the Screening Process
To ensure that the screening form is completed correctly for the various project locations and activities,
training will be provided to members of the TCPC, DEC including its DESC and Area Executive Committee
AEC. The Environmental Officer who is responsible for environmental matters of the City Assemblies and
the Environmental District Office who is the secretariat to the DESC will have to take a leading role in the
training issues.
5.6
Public Consultation and Disclosure
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March 2011
According to Malawi’s Guidelines for EIA (1997), public consultations are an integral component of the EIA
requirements, and the Guidelines identify the following principal elements:
a. developers are required to conduct public consultation during the preparation of Project Briefs and
EIAs;
b. the Director of Environmental Affairs may, on the advice of the Technical Committee on
Environment (TCE), conduct his or her own public consultation to verify the works of a developer;
c. formal EIA documents are made available for public review and comments. Documents to which
the public has access include Project Briefs, EIA terms of reference, draft and final EIA reports,
and decisions of the Director of Environmental Affairs regarding project approval. The Director, on
the advice of the TCE, will develop practices and procedures for making these documents
available to the public. It is very unusual that an EIA will need to contain proprietary or marketsensitive information (i.e. technological, financial) which a developer would prefer to remain
confidential. Unless public knowledge of such information is crucial to project review, and as
provided under Section 25(5) of the EMA, the Director will comply with requests that such
information does not appear in an EIA and;
d. certificates approving projects will be published by the developer and displayed for public
inspection.
Public consultations are critical in preparing an effective proposal for the construction and rehabilitation of
the project activities. These consultations should identify key issues and determine how the concerns of all
parties will be addressed in response to the terms of reference for the EIA, which might be carried out for
construction and rehabilitation proposals.
Annex G of the Guidelines for EIA (1997) provides details concerning the public consultation methods in
Malawi. Such methods include press conferences, information notices, brochures/fliers, interviews,
questionnaires and polls, open houses, community meetings, advisory committees, and public hearings.
The guidelines for public consultation include, among others, a requirement that major elements of the
consultation program should be timed to coincide with significant planning and decision-making activities in
the project cycle. In terms of the Malawi’s EIA process, public consultation should be undertaken during (i)
the preparation of the EIA terms of reference; (ii) the carrying out of an EIA; (iii) Government review of an
EIA report; and (iv) the preparation of environmental terms and conditions of approval. Further details are
provided in Annex G of the Malawi’s Guidelines for EIA.
For NWDP, the first step will be to hold public consultations with the local communities and all other
interested/affected parties during the screening process. These consultations will be aimed at briefing the
communities about the project activities, how the activities will be carried out and what sectors of the
environment are likely to be impacted. The Area AEC, with the assistance of the Local Leaders, will
conduct these public consultations in a participatory manner to encourage the communities to contribute to
the screening process.
During preparation of the Terms of Reference for an EIA, City/Town or District Assemblies (or a consultant)
will consult with the Environmental Affairs Department to ensure that the TORs are comprehensive enough
to cover all the sectors of the environment and that they conform to the EIA procedures as outlined in the
EIA Guidelines. The EAD will also ensure that the social and health impacts of the project activities will be
adequately covered in the EIA report.
National Water Development Programme
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40
In the course of preparing the EIA the consultant will conduct extensive public consultations to attract and
capture comments from the stakeholders as well as the communities for incorporation in the EIA report.
The stakeholders and communities, including institutions will be asked to contribute to the identification of
impacts and to proposed mitigation measures for the negative impacts. They will also be asked to
comment on how the positive impacts may be enhanced.
When reviewing the EIA report, the TCE will ensure that the relevant stakeholders, including potentially
affected persons, were adequately consulted with regard to the potential impacts of the proposed
construction and rehabilitation of the water supply facilities and related project activities. Consultation
methods suitable in for NWDP would include workshops, community meetings, public hearings or
information notices which would be organized through the Office of the Chief Executive in the case of a city
or District Commissioner for the District Assembly.
This ESMF has been prepared through public consultations involving the communities in the proposed
project areas, Local Leaders, City and District Assembly Officials, water consumers and key Government
institutions. Copies of this ESMF will be made available to the public through the above channels of
communication and in the same manner, EIA results would be communicated to the various stakeholders.
To meet the consultation and disclosure requirements, the Malawi Government will issue a disclosure letter
to inform the Development Partners of (i) the Government’s approval of the ESMF and the RPF; (ii) the
actual disclosure of these documents to all relevant stakeholders and potentially affected persons in
Malawi, and (iii) the Government’s authorization to the respective Development Partners to disclose these
documents in their official publications, such as the World Bank’s Info Shop in Washington DC in the
case of the World Bank. The steps towards disclosure of the safeguard documents have to be completed
prior to appraisal of the NWDP Projects as required by the respective Development Partners, such as the
World Bank’s Disclosure Policy OP 17.50.
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March 2011
CHART 5.1:
FLOW CHART FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND APPROVAL PROCESS FOR DISTRICT ASSEMBLY
STEP 1: AEC & DESC
Screening of Project activities
and sites
(To be based on checklist and
screening form)

Desk appraisal of the
construction and
rehabilitation plans

Identification of
Environmental and social
impacts

NWDP
Project
implementation
DISTRICT ASSEMBLY
Approve projects
EAD, & DEC, LANDS & Sectoral
Stakeholders
Monitoring:
-Construction techniques.
-Inclusion of Env. Design features etc.
Determination of
significance of impacts
STEP 1 (contd.): AEC & DESC
Assignment of appropriate environmental
category, based on Environmental and Social
screening forms and World Bank OP 4.01

Proposal of mitigation measures

Determination of the need for EIA

Determination of the need for RAPs
LEGEND
CA:
City Assembly
EAD: Environmental Affairs Department
TCPC: Town & Country Planning Committee
DEC: District Executive Committee
DESC: District Environmental Sub- Committee
EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
RPF: Resettlement Policy Framework
TCPC: Town & Country Planning Committee
WB:
Water Boards
National Water Development Programme

STEPS: 2&3
Make recommendations to DESC (category C projects and projects
with approved EIAs and RAPs)



Review the recommendations in the screening form
Review the proposed mitigation measures from screening forms
Conduct public hearing

Make recommendations for limited EIA and RAPs (category B)
DEC
EAD & COMMISSIONER FOR LANDS
(Category B, limited EIA)

Ask for EIAs (EAD)

Review and approve EIAs(EAD)

Ask for RAPs (LANDS)

Approve RAPS (LANDS)
(Ref. List A of Malawi EIA Guidelines and World
Bank OP. 4.01)
42
March 2011
NWDP




Preparation of EIAs
Preparation of RAPs
Seek Endorsement of the WB on EIAs
approved by EAD
Seek Endorsement of the WB on RAPs
approved s by LANDS
CHART 5.2:
FLOW CHART FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND APPROVAL PROCESS FOR TOWN AND CITY ASSEMBLY
STEP 1: WATER
BOARDS
Screening of Project activities
and sites
(To be based on checklist and
screening form)

Desk appraisal of the
construction and
rehabilitation plans

Identification of
Environmental and social
impacts

NWDP
Project
implementation
TOWN or CITY ASSEMBLY
Approve projects
EAD, & DEC, LANDS & Sectoral
Stakeholders
Monitoring:
-Construction techniques.
-Inclusion of Env. Design features etc.
Determination of
significance of impacts
STEP 1 (contd.): WATER BOARDS
Assignment of appropriate environmental
category, based on Environmental and Social
screening forms and World Bank OP 4.01

Proposal of mitigation measures

Determination of the need for EIA

Determination of the need for RAPs
LEGEND
CA:
City Assembly
EAD: Environmental Affairs Department
E&SSC: Environ. &Social Safeguard Committee
TCPC: Town & Country Planning Committee
DEC: District Executive Committee
DESC: District Environmental Sub- Committee
EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
RAP: Resettlement Action Plan
RPF: Resettlement Policy Framework
WB: Water Board
National Water Development Programme

STEPS: 2&3
Make recommendations to DESC (category C projects and projects with
approved EIAs and RAPs)



Review the recommendations in the screening form
Review the proposed mitigation measures from screening forms
Conduct public hearing

Make recommendations for limited EIA and RAPs (category B)
TCPC
EAD & COMMISSIONER FOR LANDS
(Category B, limited EIA)

Ask for EIAs (EAD)

Review and approve EIAs(EAD)

Ask for RAPs (LANDS)

Approve RAPS (LANDS)
(Ref. List A of Malawi EIA Guidelines and World
Bank OP. 4.01)
43
March 2011
NWDP




Preparation of EIAs
Preparation of RAPs
Seek Endorsement of the WB on EIAs
approved by EAD
Seek Endorsement of the WB on RAPs
approved s by LANDS
CHAPTER SIX: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLANS
6.1
Environmental Management Plan
The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to ensure that the identified environmental
and social impacts are mitigated, controlled or eliminated through planned activities to be implemented
throughout NWDP life. The EMP also provides opportunities for the enhancement of positive impacts.
The EMP:
a
b
c
d
e
lists the potential environmental impacts;
provides the mitigation/enhancement measures against each impact;
assigns the responsible institutions to carry out the mitigation measures;
proposes dates by or during which the mitigation measures must be carried out and;
gives an estimate of the cost for implementing the mitigation measures
For this ESMF it is not possible to provide the cost of implementing mitigation measures because the project
activities and locations are not known. Therefore there are no estimated costs provided for the
implementation of proposed mitigation measures in Table 6.1
For NWDP, the EMP and its implementation will have to be designed to suit specific project activities on the
specific sites, once these details are available. In this regard, Table 6.1 should be considered as the main
frame to guide the prediction of specific potential impacts of NWDP activities. The generic or typical
environmental impacts in Table 6.1 were derived from the field investigations, public consultations and
professional judgment, with respect to NWDP activities. The list of impacts is by no means exhaustive.
Once the specific EMP has been designed for NWDP activities, a certain amount of flexibility should be
allowed to optimize its implementation and to take into account any future changes or modifications made on
the design and implementation of the project activities.
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
Table 6.1:
Typical Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
NEGATIVE IMPACTS
1.0
ITEM
NO.
1.1
IMPACTS DURING PLANNING DESIGNING & CONSTRUCTION
ENVORONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
POTENTIAL
PROPOSED CONTROL /
ENVIRONMENTAL/
MITIGATION MEASURES AND
SOCIAL IMPACT
TIMING
Disturbance of persons  Avoid displacement of people
or families
and affecting their livelihoods
During planning and design
RESPONSIBLE
INSTITUTION
INSTITUTION/INDICATORS
FREQUENCY/TIME
AND COST
Consultant
NWDP
DEC, TCPC, Ministry of Before approval of
Lands, Physical Planning designs
and Surveys, EAD
Approved plans

Resettle the PAPs (where
unavoidable) in accordance
with RFP and RAPs
Before civil works begin
NWDP
DEC, TCPC, Ministry of Monthly before civil
Lands, Physical Planning works begin
and Surveys, EAD
Percentage of PAPs
adequately resettled
 Compensate PAPs adequately
Before civil works begin
NWDP
National Water Development Programme
45
Monthly before civil
DEC, TCPC, Ministry of works begin
Lands, Physical Planning
and Surveys, EAD,
Percentage of PAPs
adequately compensated and
resettled
K50,000/month
March 2011
1.2
Disruption of
infrastructure facilities
and services

Avoid displacement of people
and affecting their livelihoods
During planning and design

Avoid areas with existing
services
During planning, design and
construction
Contractor
Consultant
AEC
Ministry of Lands, Physical Once every month
Planning and Surveys, DEC during design &
and EAD, TCPC
construction
Number of complaints
Contractor
Consultant
AEC
Ministry of Lands, Physical Once every month
Planning and Surveys, EAD, during design &
DEC, TCPC
construction
Number of complaints on
services disruption
Adequately compensate for NWDP
the affected infrastructure AEC
facilities and services
Before civil works begin

1.3
Loss of farmland, other  Avoid cultivated areas and
assets or impact on
fixed assets
livelihood
During planning and design
Contractor
Consultant
AEC
Compensate adequately in line NWDP
AEC
with RPF
Before resettlement

1.4
Population influx
(which may lead to
dilution of culture,
increase in theft and
Recruit locals as much as Contractor
Consultant
possible
Throughout project life

National Water Development Programme
46
Ministry of Lands, Physical
Planning and Surveys, EAD,
DEC, TCPC
Percentage of facilities and
services compensated for
EAD, DEC, Ministry of
Lands, Physical Planning
and Surveys, TCPC
Once every month
during design &
construction
EAD, DEC, TCPC, Ministry
of Lands, Physical Planning
and Surveys
 Number of complaints
 Percentage of affected
farmland compensated
for
NWDP, DEC, TCPC
Percentage
of
locals
employed
Monthly before
commencement of
civil works
March 2011
K40,000/month
Monthly during
construction
K30,000/month
Every month during
construction
reduction of farm land
etc.)
Sensitize communities on Contractor
Consultant
impacts of population influx
Before and during construction AEC

1.5
Increased solid waste 
generation
1.6
Increased
deforestation
Provide appropriate solid
waste disposal facilities
 Avoid removal of trees
During planning, design and
construction
Contractor
Consultant
AEC
EAD, DEC, TCPC,
Department of Forestry
Percentage of trees not
removed
Monthly during
construction

Afforestate with appropriate
tree species
During construction
Contractor
Consultant
AEC
EAD, DEC, TCPC
Department of Forestry
Number of trees planted
Annually

Provide alternative fuel
sources
During planning, design and
construction
NWDP
AEC
Department of Energy, DEC, Quarterly throughout
TCPC
the project period
Number of people using
alternative sources of energy

Consultant
Contractor
AEC
Water pollution from  Proper and regular
oils
maintenance of vehicles
During construction and
operation
Contractor
Consultant
Sensitise communities and
workers against deforestation
During planning, design and
construction
1.7
Contractor
NWDP II, DEC, TCPC
Twice during planning
Number of sensitization and design
meetings held
Once annually during
project life
K30,000/month
EAD, City/Town/District
Monthly during
Assembly
construction
National Water Development Programme
47
EAD, DEC, TCPC,
Department of Forestry
Number of sensitisation
meetings held
NWDP II, DEC, TCPC
Vehicle maintenance
frequency
March 2011
Twice during planning
and design
Once annually during
project life
K50,000/year
Once every month
during construction
Construction and operation of Contractor
oil interceptor for workshop Consultant
Water Boards
wastewater
During design and during
construction
EAD, MoIWD, DEC, TCPC
Oil interceptor constructed
Design and construction of Contractor
bund walls around fuel/oil Consultant
storage tanks
During design and during
construction
EAD, MoIWD, DEC, TCPC
Bund walls constructed







Once during
design
Once during
construction
Quarterly during
operation
Once during
design
Once during
construction
K40,000/year
1.8
Soil Erosion
Limit movement of vehicles Contractor
Consultant
and construction area.
During construction

 Compact loose material
During construction
Contractor
Consultant
Provide and use approved Contractor
Consultant
storm water drainage
During design and construction

National Water Development Programme
48
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Monthly during
construction
 Proper site and
construction management
 Adherence to Approved
design plans
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Proper site and construction
management
Monthly during
construction
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Drainage systems
constructed and operating
according to design
Monthly during
construction
March 2011
K40,000/month
1.9
Water Siltation
Limit movement of vehicles Contractor
Consultant
and area of construction.
During construction

 Compact loose material
During construction
Contractor
Consultant
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Monthly during
construction
 Proper site and
construction management
 Adherence to Approved
design plans
 Planning for construction
vehicle movement
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC


1.10
Provide and maintain storm Contractor
Consultant
water drainage
During construction
Poisoning from

asbestos waste (pipes)
Count and record cases of Contractor
Consultant
asbestos disposal
Water Boards

Follow appropriate health and Contractor
Consultant
safety precautions
During construction and Water Boards
maintenance
Contractor
National Water Development Programme
49
Monthly during
construction
Approved site and
construction management
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Drainage systems
constructed according to
design
EAD, DEC, Poisons Board,
TCPC
Monthly during
construction
K30,000/month
Monthly during
construction and
rehabilitation
EAD, Ministry of Labour Monthly during
and Vocational Training, construction
DEC, TCPC
Presence of and adherence
to safety regulations
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
March 2011
Monthly during

1.11
Disposal of old asbestos pipes
as recommended by experts
During rehabilitation
Loss of biodiversity  Avoid removal of trees and
and greenery beauty.
replace where removed
During construction
1.12
Increased water
related diseasecausing vector
1.13
Work related accidents
Consultant
Contractor
Consultant
AEC
Number of incidences of
careless use and disposal of
old asbestos pipes
National
Herbarium
&
Botanic Gardens of Malawi,
Dept. of Parks & Wildlife,
DEC, TCPC
Number of trees cut
construction
Monthly during
construction

Limit construction area
During construction
Contractor
Consultant
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Area of land cleared

Re-vegetation with indigenous Contractor
AEC
species
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Number of species planted

Install aprons, drains and
soak ways
During construction
Contractor
Consultant
AEC

Restrict pedestal movement Contractor
Consultant
on sites
AEC
During construction

Install
and maintain road Contractor
Consultant
signs
During construction
National Water Development Programme
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K20,000/month
Monthly during
construction
Monthly during
construction
K40,000/month
NWDP, EAD, DEC, TCPC
Quarterly during
Number of drains installed construction
against designed
$2500/quarter
Ministry of Labour and Quarterly during
Vocational Training, EAD, construction
DEC, TCPC, Local Leaders
Number
of
trespassers
caught
NWDP, DEC, EAD, TCPC
Quarterly during
Number of road signs erected construction
in appropriate places
March 2011
2.1

Create prior awareness of Contractor
causes of accidents caused by DEC AEC,
Leaders
construction activities
During planning, design and
construction

Provide appropriate protective Contractor
Water Boards
clothing
During construction and
operation
Increased generation 
of wastewater

2.2
Increased solid waste 
generation
National Water Development Programme
TCPC, DEC, EAD, TCPC
Local Number
of
awareness
campaigns
NWDP, DEC, EAD, TCPC,
Ministry of Labour &
Vocational Training,
Number of people wearing
protective clothing
2.0
IMPACTS DURING OPERATION
Consultant
MoIWD, DEC, TCPC
Sensitise communities on
Amount of water consumed
water conservation measures Contractor
NWDP
against expected levels
Water Boards
AEC
Maintain efficient operation to
avoid water wastage
Water Boards
Provide appropriate solid
waste disposal facilities
Contractor
51
Quarterly during
construction
Quarterly during
construction
K20,000/quarter
Quarterly throughout
operation period
MoIWD, DEC, TCPC, NWDP Quarterly throughout
Amount of water consumed operation period
against production
K40,000/quarter
EAD, City/Town/District
Monthly during
Assembly
construction
March 2011
2.3
2.4
2.5
Disruption of water 
flow to downstream
users
Depletion
resources
of
Maintain environmental flow
Water Boards
AEC
MoIWD, DEC, TCPC
Quarterly throughout
Complaints against water operation period
availability to other users

Control water abstraction
levels
Water Boards
AEC
MoIWD, NWDP, DEC, TCPC Quarterly throughout
Amount of water abstracted operation period
against water consumed

Promote water conservation
measures
Water Boards
NWDP
EAC
Water Boards
NWDP
MoIWD, DEC, TCPC
Amount of water consumed
against production
MoIWD, DEC, TCPC
Amount of water consumed
against production
MoIWD, DEC, TCPC
Quarterly throughout
Amount of water consumed operation period
against production
K30,000/quarter
NWDP, DEC, TCPC
Quarterly during
Number
of
trespassers construction
caught
water 
Work related accidents
Control water abstraction
levels

Promote water conservation
Water Boards
NWDP

Prohibit unauthorised
movement on sites
Water Boards
AEC

Install and maintain road signs
Water Boards
National Water Development Programme
52
Quarterly throughout
operation period
K40,000/quarter
Quarterly throughout
operation period
NWDP, Ministry of Labour Quarterly during
and Vocational Training, construction
EAD, TCPC
Number of road signs erected
March 2011
in appropriate places
2.6
Increased water
related diseasevectors
2.7
Occupational diseases

Provide protective clothing
Water Boards

Conduct health and hygiene
education
Water Boards
AEC

Sensitize workers on
safety and health
measures
Water Boards
AEC

Provide protective clothing
and equipment
Water Boards

Provide regular medical
check up
National Water Development Programme
EAD, Ministry of Labour & Quarterly during
Vocational Training,
construction
NWDP
Number of people wearing
protective clothing
K30,000/quarter
NWDP, Ministry of Health & Quarterly during
Population, DEC, TCPC
operation
Number of hygiene education
sessions conducted
K20,000/quarter
EAD, Ministry of Labour & Every six months
Vocational Training,
during operation
Number of sensitization
meetings conducted
EAD, Ministry of Labour & Every six months
Vocational Training,
during operation
NWDP
Number of people wearing
protective clothing
Water Boards
EAD, Ministry of Labour & Every six months
Ministry of Health & Vocational Training,
during operation
Pop. Services
Number of people with health
certification
53
March 2011

Develop and implement an
appropriate OH&S policy
Water Boards
K30,000/every six
months
Water Boards
Ministry of health & Pop. Every year during
Conduct hygiene education
AEC
Services, NWDP, DEC, operation
TCPC
K50,000/year
Number of sensitisation
meetings
Water
Boards
National AIDS Commission Every six months
Provide HIV/AIDS and health
AEC
EAD, NWDP, DEC, TCPC
during operation
awareness education
Ministry of Health & Pop.
Services
Number of cases of infected
persons
K30,000/six months
3.0
IMPACTS FROM DECOMMISSIONING ATIVITIES
2.8
Increased incidences 
of malaria and other
water-related diseases
2.9
Increase in spread of 
STI’s and HIV and
AIDS
3.1
Nuisance
3.2
Disruption of surface -Maintain clean storm water Contractor
water flow
diversions around large pits and
excavations
-Backfill all voids where possible
and reinstate water courses
-Regulate traffic speed and Contractor
movement. Apply daily water /Consultant
sprays to suppress dust.
National Water Development Programme
Ministry of Labour & Every six months
Vocational Training, EAD
during operation
OH&S policy in place and
used
54
ROAD TRAFFIC DEPT
Monthly during the
EAD
entire
period
of
Number of complaints on dust construction
Consultant, EAD
Monthly during the
Number of complaints against first rainy season
water intrusion
after
decommissioning
March 2011
around the sites
3.3
Decreased
employment
levels
leading to vandalism of
project facilities
-Pay terminal benefits where Contractor / ISP/Local
appropriate
Leaders
-Provide
awareness
and
counselling for retrenchment
consequences
-Hold meetings with local
communities
to
discuss
decommissioning and closure
issues
National Water Development Programme
55
NWDP
Ongoing
Number unemployed
Number of complaints on
vandalism
March 2011
K40,000/mth
6.2
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental monitoring needs to be carried out during the construction and rehabilitation of the water
supply and sanitation facilities, as well as during their operation and maintenance. Table 6.1 gives the
proposed monitoring institutions, monitoring indicators, monitoring frequency and the estimated costs for
implementing the environmental monitoring plan for NWDP.
In some cases, it may be appropriate to draw up an environmental monitoring plan separately from the
environmental management plan. Where this arrangement is more convenient than the combined
management and monitoring plan, the key elements of the monitoring table will be the same as those
proposed in Table 6.1.
The following monitoring arrangements for NWDP are proposed.
6.2.1
Rehabilitation of Existing and Construction of New Structures and other Project Activities
It is envisaged that proposed NWDP will construct and rehabilitate several water facilities in the proposed
project sites. Therefore, environmental monitoring will take place at the community level in the respective
areas.
During the rehabilitation of the existing water supply structures, members of the Village Development
Committees and District Executive Committees will be responsible for the monitoring of:
a) Construction techniques and inclusion of environmental design features as required in the
architectural plans;
b) Provisions for traffic safety, reduction of noise and dust levels;
c) Construction of on-site waste management, proper storage of construction materials, sanitation,
solid waste disposal, waste water disposal and;
d) Implementation of plans for the restoration of the construction sites, once the
construction/rehabilitation works have been completed. Area Executive Committees shall support
the village level committees at all stages of the work including monitoring.
To ensure proper operation and maintenance of the water supply and sanitation facilities in an
environmentally friendly manner, the Area Executive Committee within the proposed sites will appoint a
monitoring committee.
The Office of the Controller of Lands, in the Ministry of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys will be
responsible for monitoring implementation of the RAPs and ARAPs.
6.3
Monitoring Indicators
In order to be able to assess the environmental and social effectiveness of the proposed construction and
rehabilitation of the water and sanitation facilities and their subsequent operation and maintenance, the
following monitoring indicators are proposed:
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
Table 6.2:
Some of the key monitoring indicators
Component of the Project
Some of the Proposed Indicators for Selected Activities
Land acquisition and Resettlement
of people from the project site
Construction works/Rehabilitation
works














Operational and maintenance of
projects


















Decommissioning



National Water Development Programme
Hectarage of land acquired
Type and amount of assets lost
Number of persons expressing willingness to relocate
Number of persons compensated and relocated.
Number of land use conflicts in course of projects
Number of cultural heritage and sites affected
Hectarage of land/forest clearance
Area of infrastructure constructed/rehabilitated.
Number of borrow pits created
Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers
Number of complaints against character and behaviour of
construction workers
Number of complaints against quality of construction materials
Number of road by-passes provided
Number of complaints on inconveniences caused by the
construction works (complaints against dust, access, noise, water
contamination etc)
Number of complaints against drainage works
Number of complaints against power supply disruptions
Number of complaints against water supply disruptions
Number of complaints against telecommunication disruptions
Number of cultural heritage and sites affected
Number of people infected with STIs
Number of accidents
Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures
Number of people employed from surrounding community
Number of disposal sites
Number of complaints against poor workmanship and quality of
construction materials for roads
Number of conflicts of rights to land and water
Water abstraction permits
Quality of water discharged from the schemes and dams.
Sanitation around water points
Number employment opportunities for locals
Number of pit latrines for excreta disposal for workers
Number people/committees who/which attended HIV/AIDS
awareness, environmental management training
Number of cases contravening health and safety procedures
Number of sites that are restored to original or better state in
terms of environmental degradation.
Value of land after decommissioning of project activities
57
March 2011
6.2
Environmental Guidelines for the Contractor
The NWDP will have significant construction activities for its various project components. The contractor
therefore, should make every effort to ensure that the mitigation measures outlined in the Environmental
Management Plans, the Resettlement Action Plans and the Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans are
fully implemented as appropriate.
The contractor shall ensure that the acquisition, transportation and storage of construction materials; and
the disposal of construction wastes are done in an environmentally friendly manner. Where necessary, the
contractor shall seek the advice and assistance of the relevant authority and specialists for handling and
disposal of hazardous wastes including asbestos pipes. Annex 6 provides environmental guidelines for the
contractors to be engaged for NWDP activities.
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March 2011
CHAPTER SEVEN: IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ESMF
7.1
Definition of Roles and Responsibilities
The successful implementation of the ESMF, the EMP and the monitoring plans will require input,
expertise and resources from all the key stakeholders including the NWDP’s participating
institutions. It will also require the participation and involvement of the local communities and the
Local Leaders. Therefore these key stakeholders would need to collaborate at all levels, starting
from the area, district, town, city and national levels.
Some of the stakeholders will require basic training in environmental and social screening. The
type of training has been given in Chapter 8. The present Chapter outlines some of the selected
and recommended activities to be performed by each of the key stakeholders, in order to
successfully implement the environmental management plan activities and the screening process.
7.1.1
National level:
The Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development (MoIWD) through NWDP will have the overall
responsibility for coordinating and monitoring implementation of the ESMF. The NWDP will work
through the National Steering Board (NSB), which is composed of representatives from key
Government Ministries and the General Managers of the respective Water Boards.
For limited cases where an EAI may be required under NWDP, the TCPC ( where City or Town
Assemblies are involved) or the DEC ( for the case of District Assemblies), will inform NWDP to
initiate the preparation of a Project Brief and the Terms of Reference. The NWDP will then recruit
an appropriate consultant to conduct the EIA study. Once the study is completed, the NWDP will
consult the Director of Environmental Affairs who will be responsible for reviewing the EIA through
the Technical Committee on the Environment (TCE).
The Director of Environmental Affairs may arrange for public consultations as part of the EIA
process, in order to sensitise the communities and to create awareness. The Technical Committee
on the Environment may require to carry out their own site and works assessment before making
the appropriate recommendations to the National Council for Environment (NCE).
The NCE will evaluate the recommendations of the TCE and make appropriate recommendations
to the Minister for approval and issuance of the certificate.
7.1.2
Area level
The TCPC and the DEC will be responsible for the technical work at the local level (City/Town and
District Assembly respectively). They will provide the assistance to AEC and DESC in carrying out
the screening process and determining whether or not an EIA is required.
The AEC and DESC will be responsible for completing the environmental and social screening
form, Annex 1(a) to identify the potential environmental and social impacts of the construction and
rehabilitation activities; and to propose their mitigation measures. The screening process will be
under the supervision of the TCPC and DEC as appropriate.
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
The TCPC or DEC will be responsible for (i) determining the environmental category and the extent
of the required environmental work, based on the screening results; (ii) determining the need for
EIA and for RAP and (iii) proposing mitigation measures for identified impacts. The TCPC or DEC
will also assist NWDP in drafting the terms of reference for the EIAs and for the identification of an
appropriate consultant to conduct the EIA study. Monitoring of the construction to ensure that
environmental designs are taken into consideration will be done by the EAD, DEC, TCPC, Ministry
of Lands, Physical Planning and Surveys and other sectoral stakeholders as shown in Table 6.1.
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March 2011
CHAPTER EIGHT:
8.1
CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING
Participants for Capacity Building and Training
Capacity building and training will be required for the proper and successful implementation of this
ESMF. The training sessions are aimed at enhancing the knowledge and understanding of the key
stakeholders to better implement the ESMF for NWDP. Representatives from the MoIWD, District
Assemblies/Town Assemblies, City Assemblies, Water Boards, Urban Water Boards and NWDP
PMU will be trained to train the respective committees and staff in the project impact areas. A total
of 30 participants will be trained as follows:
a. Two people will participate from the DECs of each of the implementation districts. One
of the two persons will have to be the Environmental Officer (for the City/Town) or the
Environmental District Officer (for the District)
b. Two people will participate from each of the Water Boards. The Water Board will have to
select the two persons that are directly involved in the project activities and;
c. Four participants will be drawn from: MoIWD (2 persons) and NWDP (2 persons)
Once the representatives are trained, it is recommended that they train (under the supervision of a
qualified facilitator) the other groups that will be directly involved in the project implementation.
The people to be trained by the trainers will be drawn from the various district committees such as
the District Development Committee (DDC), the Area Executive Committees (AEC) and the Village
Development Committees (VDC) including the Local Leaders or their representatives.
For the purposes of the training the project impact areas could be grouped into four units. The first
unit being for Southern Region; the second unit being for Eastern Region; the third unit being for
Central Region; and the fourth unit Northern Region.
It is proposed that 10 participants per unit, from the following committees be trained:
i. Three people from the DDCs
ii. Three people from the AECs and;
iii. Four people (including the Local Leader or his representative) from the VDCs
Hence a total number of 40 local and area level participants from the four groups described above
will be trained. The DECs with assistance from the Water Boards will be responsible for selecting
the participants from the appropriate project impact DDCs, AECs and VDCs.
8.2
Proposed Areas of Training
The training activities presented in Table 8.1 are designed to suit the needs for implementing both
the ESMF and the RPF and will be for the trainers. At the local level, the participants drawn from
the DDCs, AECs and VDCs will be trained in the areas outlined in Table 8.2.
The training sessions, which should include practical sessions for the use of the environmental and
social screening form as well as the check list, are designed to cover aspects of both the ESMF
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
and the RPF. The assumption is that the project implementers and key stakeholders will have to
understand both the ESMF and the RPF for efficient management of the environmental and social
impacts of NWDP. The combined training programme is also designed to reduce training time and
expenses.
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March 2011
Table 8.1: Training Programme for Training of Trainers
Days of Training
DAY 1
DAY 2
Recommended Type of Training
(Training Activity)
 Environmental and Social Impact
Assessment
- Relevant Environmental Policies and laws
in Malawi
- World Bank safeguard policies
- The Screening Process.
- Strategic action planning for
Environmental Management
- Use of checklists
- Preparation of terms of reference.
- Identification of Impacts and mitigation
measures
- EIA report preparation and processing
 Hygiene and sanitation
- Water supply
- Sanitation
- Water and sanitation related diseases
- Infrastructure needed on the
scheme for sanitation enhancement
- Operation and maintenance of
water point structures for good
sanitation
National Water Development Programme
Target Group / Trainer
-
NWDP Management Unit staff
MoIWD staff
Water Board staff
District Assembly staff
Trainer: EAD or Private
Consultant
-
NWDP Management Unit staff
MoIWD staff
Water Board staff
District Assembly staff
Trainer: EAD or Private
Consultant
63
March 2011
Means of Verification
-
16 members of DEC
and
TCPC trained.
4 members from the
MoIWD/
NWDP trained
10 members from the
Water
Boards Trained
-
16 members of DEC
and
TCPC trained.
4 members from the
MoIWD/
NWDP trained
10 members from the
Water
Boards Trained
Days of Training
DAY 3
DAY 4
Recommended Type of Training
(Training Activity)
 Resettlement and Compensation
Categories of Land in Malawi and
Current valuation of Land and
other Physical Assets
Rights to land
Asset valuation
Methods of land acquisition
Compensation Agreements


DAY 5


National Water Development Programme
Target Group / Trainer
-
NWDP Management Unit staff
MoIWD staff
Water Board staff
District Assembly staff
Trainer: Lands Department or
Private Consultant
Public Consultation
Flow of communication on land related
issues
Awareness campaign programme
Record Keeping
- NWDP Management Unit staff
- MoIWD staff
- Water Board staff
- District Assembly staff
Trainer: Private Consultant
HIV/AIDS and Project Implementation.
Impacts of HIV/AIDS on social wellbeing,
livelihood and projects
Mitigation measures
-
Training Evaluation And Rap Up
Trainer: NAC or Private
Consultant
64
NWDP Management Unit staff
MoIWD staff
Water Board staff
District Assembly staff
March 2011
Means of Verification
-
16 members of DEC
and
TCPC trained.
4 members from the
MoIWD/
NWDP trained
10 members from the
Water
Boards Trained
16 members of DEC
and
TCPC trained.
4 members from the
MoIWD/
NWDP trained
10 members from the
Water
Boards Trained
16 members of DEC
and
TCPC trained.
4 members from the
MoIWD/
NWDP trained
10 members from the
Water
Boards Trained
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Table 8.2: Training Programme for members of DDC, AEC and VDC
Days of Training
DAY 1
DAY 2
DAY 3
Recommended Type of Training
Target Group / Trainer
(Training Activity)
 Environmental and Social Impact - Members of DDC, AEC, VDC
and Local Leaders or their
Assessment
representatives
- Relevant Environmental Policies and
Laws in Malawi
- World Bank safeguard policies
Trainer: EAD or Private
- The Screening Process.
- Planning for Environmental Management Consultant
- Use of checklists
- Identification of Impacts and mitigation
measures
 Hygiene and sanitation
- Water supply
- Sanitation
- Water and sanitation related diseases
- Structures and processes needed on
water outlets for sanitation enhancement
- Operation and maintenance of
water point structures for good
sanitation
 Resettlement and Compensation
Categories of Land in Malawi and
Current valuation of Land and
other Physical Assets
Rights to land
Asset valuation
Methods of land acquisition
Compensation Agreements
National Water Development Programme
-
Members of DDC, AEC, VDC
and Local Leaders or their
representatives
Means of Verification
-
-
12 members of DDC
trained.
12 members of AEC trained
16 of VDC Trained
12 members of DDC
trained.
12 members of AEC trained
16 of VDC Trained
Trainer: EAD or Private
Consultant
 Members of DDC, AEC, VDC
and Local Leaders or their
representatives
Trainer: Lands Department or
Private Consultant
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March 2011
-
12 members of DDC
trained.
12 members of AEC trained
16 of VDC Trained
Days of Training
DAY 4
Recommended Type of Training
(Training Activity)
 Public Consultation
- Flow of communication on land related
issues
- Awareness campaign programmes
- Record Keeping
Target Group / Trainer
 Members of DDC, AEC, VDC
and Local Leaders or their
representatives
Means of Verification
-
12 members of DDC
trained.
12 members of AEC trained
16 of VDC Trained
Trainer: Private Consultant

-
HIV/AIDS and Project Implementation.
Impacts of HIV/AIDS on social wellbeing,
livelihood and projects
Mitigation measures

Training Evaluation And Rap Up
National Water Development Programme
-
Members of DDC, AEC, VDC
and Local Leaders or their
representatives
Trainer: NAC or Private
Consultant
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March 2011
-
12 members of DDC
trained.
12 members of AEC trained
16 of VDC Trained
8.3 Training Budget
Thirty (30) participants will be trained as trainers in both ESMF and RPF implementation, in the areas
presented in Table 8.1. The cost of this training, if it is to take place in Lilongwe, will be US$51,000.00.
The estimated costs to cover travel expenses from the different project impact districts to Lilongwe and
back. Other expenses are for accommodation, hire of training room and facilities, meals and per diems
for the participants. The budget is also based on the following:






Prevailing costs of goods and services offered in a typical urban area such as Lilongwe;
Training period of 5 days and 2 days for travel;
Hiring of 5 trainers, each handling one area of training as proposed in Table 8.1;
Subsistence allowances estimated at US$25.00 per participant per day; and
A lump sum of US$10, 000.00 included to cover the costs of the trainers and training materials;
Accommodation estimated at US$130.00 per participant per night.
The same training programme has been provided in the RPF for clarity of presentation. It is to be
understood as a combined training programme to cater for the needs of both the ESMF and the RPF.
At the local level, the 40 participants from DDC, AEC, and VDC will be trained at an estimated cost of
US$51,000.00. The budget is based on estimated costs to cover travel expenses to and from,
accommodation, hire of training facilities, meals and per diems for participants. The estimated rates are
based on:






Prevailing costs of goods and services in town centres;
Training period of 4 days and 2 days for travel;
Hiring of trainers and a facilitator;
Subsistence allowances estimated at US$25.00 per participant per day;
Accommodation estimated at US$100.00 per participant per night; and
Training materials.
This training programme will also combine ESM and RPF training needs and should include practical
sessions in the completion of the screening for and the check list. Table 8.4 has the breakdown of the
training budget.
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CHAPTER NINE:
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This Environmental and Social Management Framework has been prepared to guide project
implementers and other stakeholders to identify and mitigate environmental and social impacts of the
NWDP.
In implementing this ESMF it should be noted that there will be different sources of social and
environmental impacts arising from existing and new project activities, apart from NWDP project
activities. Some of these project activities may be implemented outside the area of influence for NWDP.
It is also to be appreciated that the project sites are dynamic and, therefore, prone to environmental and
social impacts that may be generated from activities of other future development projects. These
activities may impact on the project locations for NWDP. It is expected therefore that the other existing
and new project activities will have their own environmental and social management plans. In the same
way it is hoped that the Environmental Affairs Department and other relevant line ministries will ensure
that human activities that lead to deforestation and other environmental problems are properly managed
and monitored.
Successful implementation of this ESMF will depend to a large extent on the involvement and
participation of local communities and the local institutions. It is therefore recommended that experts to
be involved in the implementation of the project and the ESMF will, in consultation with local
communities, adopt and adapt the screening process, checklists and the EMP to suit local conditions. It
is further recommended that this framework should be used prior to any project activity of NWDP
Specifically it is recommended that:






Environmental awareness and education for the key stakeholders and affected communities
must be an integral part of the ESMF;
City/Town/District and local community structures should be adequately trained to implement
the screening process, to develop and to implement appropriate Environmental and Social
Management and Monitoring Plans;
This EMPs and environmental monitoring plans prepared on the basis of this ESMF should be
regularly updated to respond to changing local conditions and should incorporate lessons learnt
from implementing various components of the project activities;
The City/Town/District Assemblies should be assisted to develop appropriate information
management systems to support the environmental management process;
The Assemblies should be assisted with the necessary resources and equipment to be able to
produce the screening documentation such as checklists and environmental management and
monitoring forms;
The Environmental District Officer should be empowered to adequately administer the ESMF
and should be given the necessary support and resources to ensure effective implementation.
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REFERENCES

Government of Malawi (1997), Fisheries Conservation and Management Act, Fisheries
Department

Government of Malawi (1997), Forestry Act, Forestry Department

Government of Malawi (1996), Forestry Policy, Forestry Department

Government of Malawi (2002), National Land Policy, Ministry Of Lands, Physical Planning
and Surveys

Government of Malawi (1999), National Water Policy, Ministry of Water Development

Government of Malawi (1998), Decentralization Policy, Decentralization Secretariat

Government of Malawi (1998), Local Government Act Ministry of Local Government

Government of Malawi (1997), Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) In
Malawi Department for Environmental Affairs.

Government of Malawi (1996), Environmental Management Act, Number 23 Department
of Environmental Affairs.

Government of Malawi (1996) Ministry of Research and Environmental Affairs, National
Environmental Policy.

Government of Malawi (1995), Constitution of the Republic Of Malawi.

Government of Malawi (1994), National Environmental Action Plan. Volume 1,
Department of Research and Environment Affairs,

Government of Malawi (2000), National Parks and Wildlife Act Department of Parks and
Wild Life

Government of Malawi (2000), National Parks and Wildlife Policy Department of Parks and
Wild Life

Government of Malawi (1988), Town and Country Planning Act Number 26. Ministry of
Local Government

Government of Malawi (1995), Water Works Act, Number 17.Ministry of Water
Development

Government of Malawi (1969), Water Resources Act Ministry of Water Development.

Government of Malawi (1965), Land Act Ministry of Land.
National Water Development Programme
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ANNEX 1(a):
Environmental and Social Screening Form for NWDP
Government of the Republic of Malawi
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FORM (Revised Version)
FOR
SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF PROJECTS UNDER
THE NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
INTRODUCTION
This Environmental and Social Screening Form (ESSF) has been designed to assist in the evaluation of planned
construction and rehabilitation activities for all projects under the National Water Development Programme
(NWDP). The form will assist the project implementers and reviewers to identify environmental and social impacts
and their mitigation measures, if any. It will also assist in the determination of requirements for further
environmental work (such as EIA), and social work (such as RAP) if necessary.
The form helps to determine the characteristics of the prevailing local bio-physical and social environment with
the aim of assessing the potential impacts of the construction and rehabilitation activities on the environment by
NWDP. The ESSF will also assist in identifying potential socio-economic impacts that will require mitigation
measures and/or resettlement and compensation.
GUIDELINES FOR SCREENING
The evaluator should undertake the assignment after:
1. gaining adequate knowledge of baseline information of the area.
2. gaining knowledge of proposed project activities for the area.
3. having been briefed/trained in environmental and social screening.
The form is to be completed by consensus of at least three people, knowledgeable of the screening process.
PART A:
GENERAL INFORMATION
Project Name
Project Site
Project Objectives
Name of Evaluator
National Water Development Programme
Estimated Cost (MK)
Funding Agency
Proposed Main Project Activities:
Date of Field Appraisal
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PART B: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES
Provide information on the type and scale of the construction/rehabilitation activity (e.g. area, land required and
approximate size of structures).
Provide information on the construction activities including support/ancillary structures and activities required to
build them, e.g. need to quarry or excavate borrow materials, water source, access roads etc.
Describe how the construction/rehabilitation activities will be carried out. Include description of support/activities
and resources required for the construction/rehabilitation.
PART C: ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT SITE
CATEGORY OF BASELINE INFORMATION
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

Name of the Area (District, T/A, Village)

Proposed location of the project (Include a site map of
at least 1:10,000 scale)
LAND RESOURCES

Topography and Geology of the area

Soils of the area

Main land uses and economic activities
WATER RESOURCES

Surface water resources (e.g. rivers, lakes, etc) quantity
and quality

Ground water resources quantity and quality
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES

Flora (include threatened/endangered/endemic species)

Fauna
(include
threatened/endangered/endemic
species)

Sensitive habitats including protected areas e.g.
national parks and forest reserves
CLIMATE

Temperature

Rainfall
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PART D:
SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION
AREAS OF IMPACT
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
Is the project site/activity within and/
or will it affect the following
environmentally sensitive areas?
No Yes
IMPACT EVALUATION
POTENTIAL
MITIGATION
MEASURES
Extent or coverage
Significance
(on site, within 3km -5km
(Low, Medium, High)
or beyond 5km)
On
Within Beyond Low
Mediu
High
Site
3-5 km 5km
m
National Parks, Wildlife
Reserves and Forest
Reserves
Wet-lands
Productive traditional
agricultural /grazing
lands
Areas with rare or
endangered flora or
fauna
Areas with outstanding
scenery/tourist site
Within steep
slopes/mountains
Dry tropical forest s
such as Brachsystegia
species
Along lakes , along
beaches, riverine
Near industrial activities
Near human
settlements
Near cultural heritage
sites
Within prime ground
water recharge area
Within prime surface run
off
SCREENING CRITERIA FOR IMPACTS DURING IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION
Will the implementation and
operations of the project activities
within the selected site generate the
following externalities /costs /impacts?
No Yes On
Within Beyon Low
Mediu
High
Site
3-5 km d
m
5km
Deforestation
Soil erosion and
siltation
Siltation of
watercourses, dams
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2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
Environmental
degradation arising from
mining of construction
materials
Damage of wildlife
species and habitat
Hazardous wastes,
Asbestos, PCB’s
Nuisance - smell or
noise
Reduced water quality
Increase in costs of
water treatment
Soil contamination
Loss of soil fertility
Reduced flow and
availability of water
Long term depletion of
water resource
Incidence of flooding
Changes in migration
patterns of animals
Introduce alien plants
and animals
Increased incidence of
plant and animal
diseases
3.0 SCREENING CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS (1)
Will the implementation and operation
of the project activities within the
selected site generate the following
socio-economic costs/impacts?
No Yes On
Within Beyon Low
Site
3-5 km d
5km
3.1
Loss of land for human
settlement, farming,
grazing (2)
3.2
Loss of assets,
property- houses,
agricultural produce,
etc. (2)
3.3
Loss or reduction of
livelihoods (2)
3.4
Loss of, or damage to,
cultural sites,
graveyards, monuments
3.5
Disruption of social
fabric
3.6
Interference in
marriages for local
people by workers
National Water Development Programme
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Mediu
m
High
March 2011
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
Spread of STIs and
HIV/AIDS; increased
incidence of
communicable
diseases, due to
migrant workers (3)
Increased incidence of
communicable diseases
Health hazards to
workers and
communities
Changes in human
settlement patterns
Conflicts over use of
natural resources e.g.
water, land, etc
Conflicts on land
ownership (2)
Disruption of important
pathways, roads
Increased population
influx
Loss of, or impact on,
cultural identity
Loss or reduction of
income generating
capacity (2)
Creation of social
conflict or inequity
Erosion of economic
land value (2)
Disruption of land
tenure, ownership rights
(2)
Relocation of people (2)
FOOTNOTES:
(1) All of the social impacts indicated in this table, if potentially significant, need to be documented—along with
the planned mitigation/compensation measures—within the EIA report (if one is produced), separate Social
Assessment, or other report of appropriate length and scope.
(2) These impacts normally require the preparation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) or Abbreviated
Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP), based on the guidelines of the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) of the
NWDP. Specific RAPs and ARAPs should be submitted to the Development Partner for prior review.
(3) Specific, proactive measures to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS and other STIs need to be carefully
documented, within in the EIA, specific Social Assessment, or other report.
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OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE SCREENING PROCESS ON THE SITE AND PROJECT ACTIVITY
The result of the screening process would be either: (a) the proposed project would be permitted to
proceed on the site as no environmental impacts will be incurred; or (b) the application of simple
mitigation measures will suffice, or, (c) the proposed project would need an EIA. The basis of these
options is listed in the table below:
The Proposed Project Activity has been assigned
the following environmental categories and
requires appropriate level of environmental work.
Screening Results “A”
Screening Results “B1”
Screening Results “B2”
Screening Results “C”
Screening results indicate that the site of the project
will not be within environmentally–sensitive areas
.e.g. protected areas
No families will be displaced from the site
Identified impacts are minor, marginal and of little
significance
Mitigation measures for the identified impacts are
well understood and practiced in the area
The stakeholders have adequate practical
experiences in natural resource conservation and
management.
Completion by EDO, or EO
Is This Project Likely To Need An
EIA
List A/B Paragraph Numbers
Date Exempted
The Proposed Project Activity Needs Further
Compliance With EIA Requirements On The
Following Observations.
Project activities would have comprehensive, broad
and long term impacts and therefore would require an
EIA. This category will not be funded under NWDP.
The project will either have to be redesigned or
abandoned.
 Project activities will have relatively few or minor
adverse impacts and therefore the application of
simple mitigation measures will suffice.
 Project activities will have some significant,
potentially adverse environmental impacts and
therefore will require a separate EIA
Project activities will have no significant environmental
impacts and therefore do not require additional
environmental work.
Field appraisals indicate that the project site is within
environmentally sensitive areas, protected areas.
Cause adverse socio-economic impacts.
Significant number of people, families will be
displaced from site. (Must comply with requirements of
Resettlement Policy Framework.)
Some of the predicted impacts will be long term,
complicated, extensive
Appropriate mitigation measures for some predicted
impacts are not well known in the area
Completion by Director of Environmental Affairs
Date Received from District
Assembly:
Dated Reviewed:
Date of Submission of
Project Brief
Date of Submission of EIA
Reports
Date of Approval/Rejection
YES/ NO
Date Forwarded To DEA Head
Office
Name & Signature of EDO
NOTES:
Once the ESSF is completed it is analysed by experts from the District Environmental Sub-Committee,
who will classify it into the appropriate category based on a predetermined criteria and the information
provided in the form.
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March 2011
All projects’ proponents exempted from further impact assessment must be informed to proceed with
other necessary procedures.
All projects recommended for further impact assessment are required to follow procedures outlined in
section 24 and 25 of the Environmental Management Act, and the Malawi Government’s Guidelines for
Environmental Impact Assessment, Appendix C, Page 32.
This version of the ESSF was revised slightly (to facilitate easy use) during the Training Workshop on
World Bank Safeguard Policies, held in Lilongwe from 31 August to 3 September 2010. It is
substantively very similar to the ESSF version that appears in the 2007 Environmental and Social
Management Framework for the Second National Water Development Project (NWDP II).
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March 2011
ANNEX 1(b):
Project Environmental Checklists for NWDP
Simplified initial screening checklists for
highlighting possible environmental impacts of
micro-projects and identifying steps to minimise
them
1
Water Supplies (boreholes, dams, storage
tanks, pipelines etc)
The combined impact of all the boreholes, or all the dams, should be evaluated together on one of these sheets
Large negative impacts may indicate a need to comply with the EAD’s EIA Process
Date:
Creation of social conflict or inequity
Erosion of economic land value
Damage to historical/cultural monuments or artefacts
Increased Deforestation
Nuisance – dust, smell or noise
Reduced water quality
Increased wastewater generation
Soil Erosion
Health hazards to workers and communities
Spreading water related diseases
Hazard of water contamination
Siltation of watercourses, dams
Contamination of water by human or animal activity
Reduced dilution of existing pollutants entering receiving
waters
Reduced recharge of groundwater
Increasing incidence of communicable diseases
Reduced flow and availability of water for users
1
Large
Medium
Small
Large
 Not in any particular order
Nil or N/A
Tick the magnitude of the
impacts without any mitigation
measures
Positive
Negative
Small
Environmental Impacts of Water Supply
Project(s)
District:
Medium
Project Name:
Mitigation Measures1
 Not exhaustive - other
measures are encouraged
Tick mitigations chosen 
Community participation &
buy-in
Plan land use change
Compensation, relocation
Relocation
Afforestation
Planning and siting
Sensitize communities on
proper wastewater
management and disposal.
Treat and dispose
wastewater as required.
Sensitise communities on
water conservation
measures
Provide and use approved
storm water drainage
Sensitise workers and
community on safety and
health measures
Integration with health
planning
Treatment of wastewater
Compact loose material
Integrate with rural
planning
Address pollutants at
source
Apply extraction and/or
consumption limits
Communication and
awareness
Follow provisions of Water
Mitigation measures to be implemented by the institutions as listed in Table 6.1
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March 2011
Act
Apply extraction and/or
consumption limits
Apply extraction and/or
consumption limits
Holistic catchment
management
Monitor indicator species
Routine WQ monitoring
Spread out supply points
Integrate with rural
planning
Consider alternative siting
Remove resources
Micro-engineering
solutions
Re-vegetate
Community participation &
buy-in
Integrate with rural
planning
Community participation &
buy-in
Lowering of water table
Long term depletion of water resource
Impacts on aquatic flora and fauna downstream
Strain on vegetation cover
Changes in migration patterns of humans and animals
Inundation of cultural or archaeological resources or
artefacts
Water logging of soil
Loss of scenic value
Disruption of land tenure, ownership rights
Population migration to the area
Relocation of people
Global Sustainability
Check
Will the project(s):
use irreplaceable natural resources or fossil fuels?
result in an overall net loss of top soils?
make increased use of natural resources for short rather than long term economic gains?
impact negatively on national energy balance?
have a net negative effect on the national carbon balance?
be a hazard to any rare or endangered species?
accelerate rural-to-urban migration?
increase the gap between rich and poor people?
If this project operated forever, would its natural resource base eventually be exhausted?
Tick boxes if yes 
Completed by EDO or EO:
Completed by Director EAD
Proposed
environmental category
(A, B1, B2, C)
Signature:
Is this project likely to
need an EIA
(YES/NO)?
List A/B paragraph
numbers
Date forwarded to DEA
Head Office:
Date exempted:
National Water Development Programme
Date:
79
March 2011
ANNEX 2: SUMMARY OF THE WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES.
Relevant World Bank safeguard policies concerned in the project supported by the IDA (World Bank), but not
limited to that project, are highlighted by a light shade.
The objective of this policy is to ensure that
OP 4.01
Environmental Bank-financed projects are environmentally
sound and sustainable, and that decision-making
Assessment
is improved through appropriate analysis of
actions and of their likely environmental
impacts. This policy is triggered if a project is
likely to have potential (adverse) environmental
risks and impacts on its area of influence. OP
4.01 covers impacts on the natural environment
(air, water and land); human health and safety;
physical cultural resources; and transboundary
and global environment concerns.
OP 4.04
Natural
Habitats
OP 4.36
Forests
This policy recognizes that the conservation of
natural habitats is essential to safeguard their
unique
biodiversity
and
to
maintain
environmental services and products for human
society and for long-term sustainable
development. The Bank therefore supports the
protection, management, and restoration of
natural habitats in its project financing, as well
as policy dialogue and economic and sector
work. The Bank supports, and expects borrowers
to apply, a precautionary approach to natural
resource management to ensure opportunities for
environmentally
sustainable
development.
Natural habitats are land and water areas where
most of the original native plant and animal
species are still present. Natural habitats
comprise many types of terrestrial, freshwater,
coastal, and marine ecosystems. They include
areas lightly modified by human activities, but
retaining their ecological functions and most
native species.
Depending on the project, and
nature of impacts a range of
instruments can be used: EIA,
environmental audit, hazard or
risk
assessment
and
environmental management plan
(EMP).When a project is likely
to have sectoral or regional
impacts, sectoral or regional EA
is required. The Borrower is
responsible for carrying out the
EA.
Consistent with this policy, an
Environmental
and
Social
Management
Framework
(ESMF) has been prepared
because the precise locations
and potential negative localized
impacts could not be identified
prior to appraisal.
This policy is triggered by any
project (including any subproject
under
a
sector
investment
or
financial
intermediary) with the potential
to cause significant conversion
(loss) or degradation of natural
habitats,
whether
directly
(through
construction)
or
indirectly
(through
human
activities induced by the
project).
The proposed project will not
fund any investments that would
have negative impacts on natural
habitats. In the event that
investments in sensitive areas
would have to be considered, a
separate EIA report will be
prepared
and
appropriate
mitigation measures will be
recommended
for
implementation under the subproject.
The objective of this policy is to assist This
policy
is
triggered
borrowers to harness the potential of forests to whenever any Bank-financed
National Water Development Programme
80
March 2011
OP 4.09 Pest
Management
OP 4.11
Physical
Cultural
Resources
reduce poverty in a sustainable manner,
integrate forests effectively into sustainable
economic development and protect the vital
local and global environmental services and
values of forests. Where forest restoration and
plantation development are necessary to meet
these objectives, the Bank assists borrowers with
forest restoration activities that maintain or
enhance
biodiversity
and
ecosystem
functionality. The Bank assists borrowers with
the
establishment
of
environmentally
appropriate,
socially
beneficial
and
economically viable forest plantations to help
meet growing demands for forest goods and
services.
investment project (i) has the
potential to have impacts on the
health and quality of forests or
the rights and welfare of people
and their level of dependence
upon or interaction with forests;
or (ii) aims to bring about
changes in the management,
protection or utilization of
natural forests or plantations.
The objective of this policy is to (i) promote the
use of biological or environmental control and
reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides;
and (ii) strengthen the capacity of the country’s
regulatory framework and institutions to
promote and support safe, effective and
environmentally sound pest management. More
specifically, the policy aims to (a) Ascertain that
pest management activities in Bank-financed
operations are based on integrated approaches
and seek to reduce reliance on synthetic
chemical
pesticides
(Integrated
Pest
Management (IPM) in agricultural projects and
Integrated Vector Management (IVM) in public
health projects. (b) Ensure that health and
environmental hazards associated with pest
management, especially the use of pesticides are
minimized and can be properly managed by the
user. (c) As necessary, support policy reform
and institutional capacity development to (i)
enhance implementation of IPM-based pest
management and (ii) regulate and monitor the
distribution and use of pesticides.
The policy is triggered if : (i)
procurement of pesticides or
pesticide application equipment
is envisaged (either directly
through the project, or indirectly
through
on-lending,
cofinancing,
or
government
counterpart funding); (ii) the
project
may
affect
pest
management in a way that harm
could be done, even though the
project is not envisaged to
procure pesticides. This includes
projects that may (i) lead to
substantially increased pesticide
use and subsequent increase in
health and environmental risk;
(ii) maintain or expand present
pest management practices that
are unsustainable, not based on
an IPM approach, and/or pose
significant
health
or
environmental risks.
The objective of this policy is to assist countries
to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts of
development projects on physical cultural
resources. For purposes of this policy, “physical
cultural resources” are defined as movable or
immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of
structures, natural features and landscapes that
have archaeological, paleontological, historical,
architectural, religious, aesthetic, or other
cultural significance. Physical cultural resources
National Water Development Programme
81
The proposed project will not
fund any investments that will
bring about any changes in the
management of forests.
The proposed project will not
support any investments that
require the use of pesticides; any
potential weed control will be
done manually.
This policy applies to all
projects requiring a Category A
or B Environmental Assessment
under OP 4.01.
In the event of chance finds
during
construction
and/or
rehabilitation,
NWPII
will
contact
the
appropriate
Malawian institutions to ensure
March 2011
OP 4.10
Indigenous
Peoples
OP 4.12
Involuntary
Resettlement
OP 4.37 Safety
of Dams
may be located in urban or rural settings, and that these finds are handled
may be above ground, underground, or according to Malawian laws.
underwater.
NWPII will not fund any
investments that negatively
affect
physical
cultural
resources.
The objective of this policy is to (i) ensure that The policy is triggered when the
the development process fosters full respect for project affects the indigenous
the dignity, human rights, and cultural peoples (with characteristics
uniqueness of indigenous peoples; (ii) ensure described in OP 4.10 para 4) in
that they do not suffer adverse effects during the the project area.
development process; and (iii) ensure that
indigenous peoples receive culturally compatible The proposed project will not
social and economic benefits.
fund any investments that have
negative impacts on indigenous
peoples.
The objective of this policy is to (i) avoid or This policy covers not only
minimize involuntary resettlement where physical relocation, but any loss
feasible, exploring all viable alternative project of land or other assets resulting
designs; (ii) assist displaced persons in in: (i) relocation or loss of
improving their former living standards, income shelter; (ii) loss of assets or
earning capacity, and production levels, or at access to assets; (iii) loss of
least in restoring them; (iii) encourage income sources or means of
community participation in planning and livelihood, whether or not the
implementing resettlement; and (iv) provide affected people must move to
assistance to affected people regardless of the another location.
legality of land tenure.
This policy also applies to the
involuntary restriction of access
to legally designated parks and
protected areas resulting in
adverse
impacts
on
the
livelihoods of the displaced
persons.
The objectives of this policy are as follows: For
new dams, to ensure that experienced and
competent professionals design and supervise
construction; the borrower adopts and
implements dam safety measures for the dam
and associated works. For existing dams, to
ensure that any dam that can influence the
performance of the project is identified, a dam
safety assessment is carried out, and necessary
additional dam safety measures and remedial
work are implemented.
National Water Development Programme
82
The project has prepared a
Resettlement Policy Framework
(RPF) because the exact
locations and potential localized
impacts could not be identified
prior to appraisal. This RPF will
guide the preparation of
Resettlement
Action
Plans
(RAPs).
This policy is triggered when
the Bank finances: (i) a project
involving construction of a large
dam (15 m or higher) or a high
hazard dam; and (ii) a project
which is dependent on an
existing dam. For small dams,
generic dam safety measures
designed by qualified engineers
are usually adequate.
March 2011
The proposed project will not
fund any investments that
involve the construction of
new dams.
OP 7.50
Projects in
International
Waters
The objective of this policy is to ensure that
Bank-financed projects affecting international
waterways would not affect: (i) relations
between the Bank and its borrowers and
between states (whether members of the Bank or
not); and (ii) the efficient utilization and
protection of international waterways.
The policy applies to the following types of
projects: (a) Hydroelectric, irrigation, flood
control, navigation, drainage, water and
sewerage, industrial and similar projects that
involve the use or potential pollution of
international waterways; and (b) Detailed design
and engineering studies of projects under (a)
above, include those carried out by the Bank as
executing agency or in any other capacity.
OP 7.60
Projects in
Disputed
Areas
The objective of this policy is to ensure that
projects in disputed areas are dealt with at the
earliest possible stage: (a) so as not to affect
relations between the Bank and its member
countries; (b) so as not to affect relations
between the borrower and neighbouring
countries; and (c) so as not to prejudice the
position of either the Bank or the countries
concerned.
This policy is triggered if (a)
any river, canal, lake or similar
body of water that forms a
boundary between, or any river
or body of surface water that
flows through two or more
states, whether Bank members
or not; (b) any tributary or other
body of surface water that is a
component of any waterway
described under (a); and (c) any
bay, gulf strait, or channel
bounded by two or more states,
or if within one state recognized
as a necessary channel of
communication between the
open sea and other states, and
any river flowing into such
waters.
The notification of Malawi’s
riparian neighbours has been
carried out, and therefore, no
additional riparian notifications
at the sub-project level are
required.
This policy will be triggered if
the proposed project will be in a
“disputed area”. Questions to be
answered include: Is the
borrower involved in any
disputes over an area with any
of its neighbours. Is the project
situated in a disputed area?
Could any component financed
or likely to be financed as part
of the project situated in a
disputed area?
The proposed project will not
fund any investments in
disputed areas.
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
PROJECT CONCEPT
ANNEX 3: THE GENERAL EIA PROCESS IN MALAWI (ADAPTED FROM THE EIA GUIDELINES 1997, EAD)
PROPOSED PROJECT
SCREENING
Is the proposed project a prescribed activity? Is an EIA likely to be mandatory or
may be required? Refer to Lists A and B of EIA Guidelines (EAD, 1997)
YES
PROJECT EXEMPT
No EIA Required **
Certificate of Exemption**
NO
COMMENCE
WITH
PROJECT
Review of Project Brief by the
PRE-FEASIBILITY
Director of Environmental Affairs
Department
PREPARE PROJECT BRIEF
EIA Required?
YES
NO
PREPARE ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
COMMENCE
WITH
PROJECT
FEASIBILITY
DESIGN & ENGINEERING
Undertake Scoping and prepare ToRs for the EIA *
Commence with EIA:





Describe project
Describe biophysical & socio-economic environment;
Assess impacts (identification, prediction, evaluation);
Recommend mitigation and monitoring measures;
Prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
EIA Review by the Director of Environmental
Affairs
IMPLEMENTATION
MONITORING & EVALUATION
EIA Rejected
N
D
U
C
T
Project rejected or needs redesign ***
EIA Approval
Project Acceptance
Undertake Scoping and prepare ToRs for the EIA
E
I
DIRECTOR’S
CERTIFICATE
A
*
TERMS & CONDITIONS
COMMENCE
WITH
PROJECT
ARE ISSUED
*
Based on ToRs approved by EAD.
** Commence
The licensing
withauthority
EIA: should submit to the Director a copy of the license with attached project brief for record
purposes.
*** The
Developer
may appeal to the Environmental Appeals Tribunal if not satisfied by the decision.
Describe
project

Describe biophysical & socio-economic environment;


Recommend mitigation and monitoring measures;
Prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
National Water Development
Programme
84

Assess
impacts (identification, prediction,
evaluation);
March 2011
ANNEX 4: GENERAL EIA TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR NWDP
1. Provide a full description of the nature of the project with respect to the name of the proponent, the
postal and physical address, the spatial location of the potential site for the project, the estimated cost of
the project, and size of land for the project site, including water reticulation, waste disposal and access
roads.
2. Provide a site-specific map of the area (Scale 1:50,000) showing the proposed project site and existing
establishments in the area and surrounding areas. A site plan for the project should also be provided.
3. Examine the existing conditions of the proposed site identifying and analysing:
 Geological and soil conditions of the area;
 The scope of vegetative resources of the area;
 Existing land uses within the area and within adjacent villages;
 Ecologically important or sensitive habitats and resources e.g. water resources, biodiversity
elements; and
 Suitability of the site for the proposed development.
4. Describe the major activities to be undertaken for the construction and operation of water supply
systems. This should include the size and type of water structures, the type of equipment to be used, the
method and duration of construction, nature and quantity of wastes to be generated, the facilities for
appropriate disposal and management of waste, number of people to be employed and.
5. State the reasons for selecting the proposed site, the consequences of not undertaking the project at the
proposed site and any alternative sites considered.
6. Predict the major short and long-term environmental impacts of the project. Examine both the positive
and negative impacts as well as impacts on the biophysical, social, economic and cultural components
of the environment. The potential impacts must include those related to:
 project location (e.g. resettlement of people, loss of forest land, loss of agricultural land, impact
on flora and fauna);
 construction works (e.g. soil erosion, disposal of construction spoils, drainage and access
roads)
 project operation (e.g. solid waste disposal, sewage disposal)
7. Prescribe measures to eliminate, reduce or mitigate the negative effects identified and the measures to
enhance the positive effects in 6.
8. Propose an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) in tabular form by which all of the
mitigation/enhancement measures prescribed will be carried out, specifying who will be responsible for
implementing these measures and the schedule for implementation, cost of implementing the measures
and the source of funding. An environmental monitoring plan should also be prepared including the
indicators to be used for monitoring the impacts and responsible persons and institutions that will
conduct the monitoring.
9. Undertake public consultations to ensure that all interested and affected parties are involved in the EIA
process and incorporate their views into the EIA. Evidence of consultation should be provided in the
report.
10. Provide an account of all statutory and regulatory licenses and approvals obtained for the project to
ensure that they are in line with sound environmental management practices and are in compliance with
all relevant existing legislation. Reference should be made, but not limited to the Environment
Management Act and other relevant and other relevant legislation.
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
ANNEX 5: PROCEDURES FOR EIA PREPARATION
CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION WORKS UNDER NATIONAL WATER DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME
ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
According to Malawi’s Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997), there are two
sequential types of formal EIA submissions which represent progress reports to meet the requirements of
Malawi’s EIA process. These are Project Briefs and EIA Reports.
A Project Brief is a short report informing DEA that a prescribed activity is being considered. Its sole purpose is to
provide sufficient information to allow DEA to determine the need for an EIA based on screening criteria outlined
in Appendix of the guidelines. Thus, a Project Brief must contain the information needed by DEA to evaluate the
report against the screening criteria. Section 24 of the EMA requires that a Project Brief should at least state:






The nature of the project;
The activities that shall be undertaken;
The possible products and by-products anticipated;
The number of people the project shall employ;
The area of land, air or water that may be affected; and
Any other matters as may be prescribed.
More generally, the Project Brief should also contain:




A basic description of the project purpose, size, location and preliminary design, including any
alternatives which are being considered (i.e. site, technology, construction and operation procedures,
handling of waste).
The stage of the project in the project cycle.
A location map of the project site or site alternatives, and a site plan as it is currently known. Maps and
plans should conform to the standards discussed in the section describing the requirements of an EIA
report.
A discussion of which aspects of the project are likely to cause environmental concerns, and of
proposed environmental management measures.
The General Requirements of an EIA Report include: (i) quality standards; (ii) terms of reference; (iii) identification
of the EIA team; (iv) discussion of EIA methods; (v) public consultation; and (vi) information and mapping
standards.
Typical elements of an EIA report include: (i) an Executive Summary; (ii) an Introduction; (iii) a Project
Description; (iv) a discussion of the Environmental Planning and Design; (v) Public consultation; (vi) description of
the Environmental Setting; (vii) Assessment of Environmental Impacts; (viii) Environmental Management Plan;
(ix) Resource Evaluation; (x) Summary and Recommendations; and (xi) Appendices.
For details on the preparation of the above documents, please refer to Annex C of the Guidelines for
Environmental Impact Assessment (December 1997). In this context, the ESMF not only complements Malawi’s
procedures for meeting EIA requirements as outlined in Annex C of the above guidelines, but it also meets the
safeguard policy requirements of the World Bank and other Development Partners.
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
ANNEX 6:
ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR CONTRACTORS
These Environmental Guidelines for Contractors are prepared for all the contractors to be engaged for the NWDP
construction activities. The guidelines include provisions for proper management of construction sites, safe
storage of construction materials and safe disposal of wastes including asbestos wastes.
General Considerations





The contractor shall, in all his activities ensure maximum protection of the environment and the socioeconomic wellbeing of the people affected by the project, whether within or outside the physical boundaries
of the project area.
Before any construction works begin, the contractor shall ensure that the relevant environmental and land
acquisition certificates of authorization for the works have been obtained from the Director of Environmental
Affairs and/or the Commissioner for Lands.
In general, the contractor shall familiarize himself with the ESMF and the RPF for NWDP. Specifically, the
contractor shall make every effort to follow and implement the recommendations and mitigation measures of
the EMP and the RAPs or ARAPs, to the satisfaction of the MoIWD and the EAD, or any such persons or
agencies appointed by the MoIWD or the EAD, to inspect the environmental and social components of
NWDP.
The contractor shall work in cooperation and in coordination with the Project Management Team and/or any
other authority appointed to perform or to ensure that the social and environmental work is performed
according to the provisions of the ESMF, RPF, RAPS, ARAPs and EMP for NWDP.
The contractor shall always keep on site and make available to Environmental Inspectors or any authorized
persons, copies of the EMPs, RAPs and ARAPs for the monitoring and evaluation of environmental and
social impacts and the level or progress of their mitigation.
Acquisition of Construction Materials
The contractor shall ensure that construction materials such as sand, quarry stone, soils or any other construction
materials are acquired from approved suppliers and that the production of these materials by the suppliers or the
contractor does not violate the environmental regulations or procedures as determined by the EAD.
Movement and Transportation of Construction Materials
The movement and transportation of construction materials to and within the construction sites shall be done in a
manner that generates minimum impacts on the environment and on the community, as required by the EMPs
and the RAPs or ARAPs.
Storage of Construction Materials and Equipment
Construction materials shall be stored in a manner to ensure that:







There is no obstruction of service roads, passages, driveways and footpaths;
Where it is unavoidable to obstruct any of the service paths, the contractor shall provide temporary or
alternate by-passes without inconveniencing the flow of traffic or pedestrians;
There is no obstruction of drainage channels and natural water courses;
There is no contamination of surface water, ground water or the ground;
There is no access by public or unauthorized persons, to materials and equipment storage areas;
There is no access by staff, without appropriate protective clothing, to materials and equipment storage
areas;
Access by staff and public or unauthorized persons, to hazardous, corrosive or poisonous substances
including sludge, chemicals, solvents, oils, asbestos cement dust or their receptacles such as boxes, drums,
sacks and bags is prohibited;
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
Safe Disposal of Construction Waste
Construction waste includes but is not limited to asbestos pipes combustion products, dust, metals, rubble,
timber, water, waste water and oil. Hence construction waste constitutes solid, liquid and gaseous waste and
smoke.
In performing his activities, the contractor shall use the best practical means for preventing emissions of noxious
or offensive substances into the air, land and water. He shall make every effort to render any such emissions (if
unavoidable) inoffensive and harmless to people and the environment. The means to be used for making the
emissions harmless or for preventing the emissions shall be in accordance to the RAPs, ARAPs or the EMPs and
with the approval of the relevant Local Authority or the Environmental Affairs Department.
The contractor shall, in particular, comply with the regulations for disposal of asbestos cement pipes,
construction/demolition wastes, wastewater, combustion products, dust, metals, rubble and timber. Wastewater
treatment and discharge will conform to the applicable regulations by the relevant Local Authority and Ministry of
Irrigation and Water Development. Asbestos wastes, and other hazardous wastes shall be treated and disposed
of in conformity with the national regulations and where applicable, with the supervision of qualified personnel.
Health and Safety of Workers
The contractor shall protect the health and safety of workers by providing the necessary and approved protective
clothing and by instituting procedures and practices that protect the workers from dangerous operations. The
contractor shall be guided by and shall adhere to the relevant national Labour Regulations for the protection of
workers.
Chance Finds Procedures for Physical Cultural Resources
If, during project construction, the contractor or project workers encounter archaeological relics, fossils, human
remains, or other items of historical or other cultural value, the contractor shall (1) temporarily suspend any works
which might damage these items and (2) notify the Client who then notifies the Department of Antiquities or other
competent authority, for instructions or guidance regarding the appropriate next steps to evaluate, salvage,
recover, protect, and/or document the items found.
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
ANNEX 7: LIST OF PEOPLE CONSULTED DURING PREPARATION THE ESMF
NO NAME
1
Mr. Kamuloni
2
Mr. Phiri
3
Mr. Mikuwa
4
Mr. A. H.
Chipongwe
5
Mr. E. Khonje
6
Mr. Makwenda
7
Mr.
Mwenelupembe
8
Mr. Chiumia
9
10
11
Mr. Chikuni
Mr. Kachingwe
Mr. Mitochi
12
13
14
Mr. W. Mitembe
Mr. T. Kamoto
Mr. Banda
15
16
Mrs. Chakwana
Mr. W. Ali
17
Mr. O. Matupa
18
19
Mr. M.E.M Kaunda
Mr. D. R.
Chirombo
Mr. G. G
Pondelani
Mr. S. Mbale
Mr. F.G Mangani
Mr. S. E. D
Chikwapulo
Mr. A. P Kayuni
Mr. D. M Kamlomo
20
21
22
23
24
25
POSITION
INSTITUTION
LOCAL CONSULTATIONS, LILONGWE
Environmental Officer
Environmental Affairs
Department
Assistant Water
Water Resources Board
Resources Officer
Chief Water Resources
Water Resources Board
Officer
Planner
Ministry of Mines, Natural
Resources and
Environment
Senior Local Government Ministry of Local
Officer
Government
Planning Engineer
Central Region Water
Board
Senior assistant
Regional Water Offices –
Community Water Supply Ministry of Irrigation and
Officer
Water Development
Environmental District
Lilongwe District Assembly
Officer
Projects Engineer
Lilongwe Water Board
Environmental Officer
Lilongwe Water Board
District Health and
Lilongwe District Health
Environmental Officer
Office
Planner
Forestry Department
Principal Forestry Officer Forestry Department
Estates Officer
Regional commissioner for
Lands – Central
Principal Gender Officer
Ministry of Gender
Projects Manager –
Ministry of Transport and
Development Corridors
Public Works
Principal Energy
Department of Energy
Economist
MZUZU CITY
Director of Planning
Mzuzu City Assembly
Member
Mzuzu City Assembly
DATE
CONSULTED
06 / 02 / 07
06 / 02 / 07
06 / 02 / 07
07 / 02 / 07
07 / 02 / 07
07 / 02 / 07
08 / 02 / 07
08 / 02 / 07
08 / 02 / 07
08 / 02 / 07
09 / 02 / 07
09 / 02 / 07
09 / 02 / 07
09 / 02 / 07
12 / 02 / 07
14 / 02 / 07
15 / 02 / 07
19 / 02 / 07
19 / 02 / 07
Member
Mzuzu City Assembly
19 / 02 / 07
District Forestry Officer
Commissioner for lands
Member
Forestry
Lands Department
Mzuzu City Assembly
19 / 02 / 07
19 / 02 / 07
19 / 02 / 07
Member
Commissioner for
Physical Planning
Mzuzu City Assembly
19 / 02 / 07
Regional Physical Planning 19 / 02 / 07
National Water Development Programme
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March 2011
NO NAME
POSITION
INSTITUTION
26
Mr. Ungwe
Project Manager
27
28
Mrs. C. J Tembo
Mr. W.
Mkandawire
Mr. J. Milanzi
Villager
Villager
Northern Region Water
Board
Mdilira Village
Kamkhoti Village
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Maize Mill Operator
Ekwendeni Mission Maize
Mill
Mr. J. R. Mhango
Plant Operator
Northern Region Water
Board
Mr. R. G. Bota
Plant Operator
Northern Region Water
Board
Mr. Mkandawire
Plant Operator
Northern Region Water
Board
Mr. B. M Mvula
Member
Hope for the Elderly
Mr. H. E. M
Plant Operator
Northern Region Water
Mtegha
Board
MBELWA DISTRICT ASSEMBLY, MZIMBA
Mr. C. Bokho
Member
Mbelwa DEC
Mr. G. Silweya
Member
Mbelwa DEC
Mr. O. Z Thera
Member
Rural Housing - Mzimba
Miss. C. Gondwe
Member
Youth
Mrs. R. Kayira
Member
Community Development –
Mzimba
Mrs. H. Munthali
Member
Tovwirane HIV / AIDS
organization - Mzimba
Mr. K. Kabaghe
Member
P.V.H.O- Mzimba
Mr. C. Chapotera
Officer
Mzimba Police
Mr. H. E. Chisanga Officer
Social Welfare Office
Mr. E.J.F Gondwe Officer
Labour and Social
Development - Mzimba
Mr. E. Nyirenda
Officer
Mzimba District Information
Eddie Jere
Officer
Mzimba Education
Fr. C. Gondwe
Father
Faith Based Organization
Mr. E. C. Mbewa
District water officer
Mzimba Water office
Mr. H. C. K
Director of Planning
Mbelwa DEC
Gondwe
Mr. W. Nkana
District Forestry officer
Mzimba Forestry office
Mr. R. S. K Mshali Officer in Charge
Mzimba Prison
KASUNGU TOWNSHIP
Mr. H. K Mambo
Zone Manager
Central Region Water
Board
Mr. A. H. Nkhoma Director of Planning
Kasungu Town Assembly
ZOMBA MUNICIPALITY
Mr E. J. Nathebe
District Water Officer
Zomba DEC
Mr S. Gondwe
District Environmental
Zomba DEC
Officer
Mr T. M. Harawa
Director Of Panning and
Zomba DEC
National Water Development Programme
90
DATE
CONSULTED
20 / 02 / 07
20 / 02 / 07
20 / 02 / 07
20 / 02 / 07
20 / 02 / 07
20 / 02 / 07
20 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
21 / 02 / 07
22 / 02 / 07
22 / 02 / 07
21/02/07
21/02/07
21/02/07
March 2011
NO NAME
POSITION
57
58
59
60
Development
DEHO
Lands Officer
Barrage Attendant
Treasurer
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
Mr A. M. Ganizani
Mr B. B. Masemu
Mr D. S. Chiwaya
Mrs Kananji
INSTITUTION
Zomba DEC
Zomba DEC
ESCOM
Water Users Association
(Zomba Mpondabwino
Point)
Mrs Kabichi
Secretary
Water Users Association
(Zomba Mpondabwino
water Point)
S Phanga
Chairman
Chikanda Water Points
Mrs Harare
Chairperson
Water Users Association
(Zomba Mpondabwino
waterPoint
Mr Kamwana
Vice Chairman
Water Users Association
(Zomba Mpondabwino
water Point
Mr Kambona
Water Supervisor
SRWB
LIWONDE TOWNSHIP
Mr. C. N. Eliyasi
Planner
Liwonde DEC
Mrs N. Kasabola
Agriculture DPD
Liwonde ADD
Mr T. R. Muluwaza Acting Chief….
Liwonde DEC
Mr E. F. S. Chirwa Scheme Manager
SRWB
Mr T. G. Wasambo HRMA
Liwonde ADD
A. W. Voisi
Chairperson
Fishermen Association
(Liwonde Barrage)
Mailosi Jafali
Member
Fishermen Association
(Liwonde Barrage)
Lest Kalino
Member
Fishermen Association
(Liwonde Barrage)
Menard James
Member
Fishermen Association
(Liwonde Barrage)
Kaliati Makaibu
Member
Fishermen Association
(Liwonde Barrage)
Lameck Masiku
Member
Fishermen Association
(Liwonde Barrage)
BLANTYRE CITY
MR J.
Factory Manager
ADMARC
Chingamuka
B. Sapiri Pande
R/S Works
Mr F. J. Kapichi
CEAR Co LTD
Mr B.M
ESCOM
Kadam’manja
Mrs M. B. Kunje
District Forestry Officer
Blantyre DEC
Mrs Jean Bondwe DCDO
Blantyre DEC
Mrs Esther
ASWO
Blantyre DEC
Ndaipalero
National Water Development Programme
91
DATE
CONSULTED
21/02/07
21/02/07
20/02/07
21/02/07
21/02/07
21/02/07
21/02/07
21/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
23/02/07
23/02/07
23/02/07
March 2011
NO NAME
POSITION
INSTITUTION
84
85
Mr Mike Mzumara
Mr P. Kantsitsi
Blantyre DEC
Blantyre DEC
86
Blantyre DEC
23/02/07
District Lands Officer
Projects Officer
Blantyre DEC
CEPA
23/02/07
23/02/07
89
Mr Petros G.
Kamanga
Mrs Emma Bello
Mr Maybin
Ng’ambi
Mr Mwambene
DWDO
Director of Planning and
Development
DHO
DATE
CONSULTED
23/02/07
23/02/07
90
Mr J. Pelani
91
Mr H. B.
Chimbeleko
Mr H. D.
Mwamvani
Mr W. M.
Kalipunde
Mr H.G. Ponde
ponde
J. R. Sadalaki
E. Mbale
E. Jailosi
87
88
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
N. P. Chabuka
Mike Sandali
Mr Kadzakoya
Mr Kaliwo
Mr G. Chatepa
Geoffrey
Chiwandira
Koloko Chikonda
Harry Chiwandira
Maliro Solomoni
Yster Kamwendo
Eliza Chiwandira
Magdalenna Ndala
Director
CURE
MANGOCHI TOWNSHIP
Senior Assistant Fisheries Mangochi DEC
Officer
DCDO
Mangochi DEC
22/02/07
Director of Planning
Works
ADFO
Mangochi TCPC
19/02/07
Mangochi DEC
19/02/07
District water Officer
Mangochi DEC
19/02/07
Acting DPD
Acting DPD
Assistant Director of
Forestry
MISO
LA
DAC
Barrage Attendant
Mangochi DEC
Mangochi DEC
Mangochi DEC
19/02/07
19/02/07
19/02/07
Chief Samama
Mangochi DEC
Mangochi DEC
Mangochi DEC
ESCOM
ESCOM
Samama Village
19/02/07
19/02/07
19/02/07
20/02/07
20/02/07
19/02/07
Villager
Villager
Villager
Villager
Villager
Villager
Samama Village
Samama Village
Samama Village
Samama Village
Samama Village
Samama Village
19/02/07
19/02/07
19/02/07
19/02/07
19/02/07
19/02/07
National Water Development Programme
92
19/02/07
19/02/07
March 2011