Educational Evaluation, Part I Student Project Disclaimer: Readers of this report are asked to interpret the results and recommendations with the understanding that it has been developed as a project for a graduatelevel assessment course. The author is a qualified teacher in an advanced academic program. The contents may be limited by the as-yet-developing expertise of the author, time limitations of the course, etc. A. Student Data 1. Student pseudonym: Lola 2. March 23, 2007, 7 years, 7 months 3. Currently placed in a second grade integrated co-teaching classroom at Buffalo Public School, 67, Discovery. The integrated classroom has one general education teacher, and one special education teacher. The Integrated Co-teacher works with the second-grade team to develop materials and student-centered areas to supplement curriculum for students that are performing above and below grade level. There are 29 students in the classroom. Of the 29, 5 students currently have special education services with IEPs (approx. 1:6 ratio), and 4 students performing above grade-level. At this time, there is also a student teacher in the classroom who has been leading instruction. Student is also pulled out for speech services 2 days a week. The school is located in a closely integrated (tight-knit) neighborhood of South Buffalo. The school has over 90% parent involvement. Other supports at the school include a student support team that includes the Committee on Special Education and a school psychologist. WNY United also has members of their staff working in the school on a daily basis. The WNY United staff members discuss character traits with the students - as in what makes a good citizen and making the right choices. 4. Date(s) of Evaluation. Week of November 12-14. B. Referral Information (3 pts.) 1. Describe: a. The integrated co-teacher has referred Lola to be assessed for an evaluation of gifts and talents. She has shown exceptional performance and achievement in both ELA and math. b. Expected benefits from the evaluation of gifts and talents The expectation of evaluating Lola for gifts and talents is to provide information to the parents in order to pursue enrichment programs. The information will also provide educators with information that can be used to extend Elli’s learning within the 2nd grade general education classroom. 2. Lola has not been formally identified as a student that may be gifted and talented. Special services provided at this time include enriching the curriculum with differentiated instruction, extended learning centers, independent work, and computer time for more in-depth research on lessons in ELA. 3. Attach completed Referral Form with "Intervention History" (provided at end of this outline). C. Background Information (8 pts): 1. Family History. a. Family composition Lola is 7 years old, and lives with her parents, and an older sister. Family socioeconomic status is listed as low-income. The family home is located in the surrounding neighborhood of the attending school. b. Cultural and language background. The family ethnicity is listed as white on the student transcript. When speaking with the parents, both have ancestry from Ireland, and the father also has ancestry from Germany. Both parents were born in America and speak English as first and only language. c. Family history of exceptionality (gifted/talented, disability). There is no history of exceptionality known in the family history. d. Medical background (including vision, hearing, allergies, health concerns). There are no health concerns for Lola at this time. e. Peer relationships, social adjustment, extracurricular and community involvement. Lola communicates well with her peers and adapts well within the social construct. She is well liked, however, Lola has not formed any strong friendships and has few play-dates outside of the school setting. When asked if Lola participates in any extracurricular activities outside of school, her mother did not indicate any involvement. Knowing that Lola’s family is considered of low socio-economic status, the issue was not pressed. 2. Educational History. a. Attendance record (include frequent moves, if applicable). At this point, Lola has perfect attendance for this school year. She has attended Discovery School since Pre-K. b. Achievement. i. Learning Strengths Lola has high expressive language skills. She often tells elaborate stories about personal experiences, and goes in depth when explaining a concept learned in class. She is also able to explain learning in her writing with complex writing skills showing sequence of events with an introduction, details and conclusion. She often persists with a task until she masters it. She has self-control and shows great discipline in the classroom and with curriculum. Lola is assertive and often a leader in group activities and within the classroom. She has a strong character and is able to express ideas to achieve a goal. Lola likes to help others and is able to explain steps to a problem for others to understand learned material. Lola likes to explain reasoning, looks for extended learning, and often correlates prior knowledge to new material in a lesson ii. Report Card Performance. Lola is performing at or above grade level in all areas. Lola is performing at above grade-level in writing and reading. She consistently scores between 85100% on all assessments. Depending on math content, Lola scores at or above grade-level. The Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills test (DIBELS) beginning of the year measures of oral reading fluency Lola read 133 words per minute, with 99% accuracy (end of year benchmark is 92 WPM). On Common Formative Assessments (CFA) for ELA, Lola scored a 94% missing 1 out of 15 questions. The Math CFA, Lola scored a 100%. iii. Preferred Learning Modalities/Methods. Lola works well in whole group, small group, and independent practice. While she is able to help others, and works well in group setting, Lola is a selforiented learner. Lola focuses on content until she reaches mastery level. She has an analytic thinking style, for example: when she was leaving for the day, the integrated co-teacher said that she would see her later; Lola’s response was, “You are seeing me now.” iv. Note any acceleration (or retention), other educational placements, etc. The school does not have an acceleration program or placement. The classroom environment continues to improve on differentiated materials and strategies to meet all student needs. v. If any individual standardized testing has previously been completed for the student (e.g., testing for exceptionalities), summarize results here. Include the date and unabbreviated name(s) of test(s). There have been no previously completed standardized test performed or administered to Lola. c. Social-emotional factors. Has the ability to adapt to various situations Positive relationship with adults, speaks to adults as her counterparts. Maintains attention to instruction, has shown less interest in independent activity that is targeted for general grade-level students. Shows no sign of outward diversities among her peers. Lola is well liked within the social construct of the classroom; she may, however, have a deeper understanding of curriculum material and can have meaningful conversations with adults as opposed to her peers. There have been no disciplinary actions Make special note of any behavioral and social-emotional factors that may affect the evaluation (including but not limited to attention span, level of cooperation, perfectionism, etc.). Lola may lengthen the process of the evaluation by elaborating to details. She may interject her own experiences within the context of the evaluation. NOTE: If a functional behavioral assessment (FBA) has been completed, briefly summarize it including the function of the problem behavior and recommended interventions. If a current FBA is not available for students with significant behavioral issues, consider this as part of your final recommendations. There is no FBA in place at this time. There are no interventions necessary in regards to behavior. 3. Student Observations and Interview. NOTE: If creativity is an area of interest, consult Colangelo & Davis. a. Student Observations See Appendix A for reference i. Summarize the results of your student observations. Lola is a cooperative and attentive student. She likes to learn new information and knows how to look for information when needed. She does not connect well on a personal level with her peers and prefers the company and conversation of adults. Lola consistently adds more detail than is asked of her to assignments and has a difficult time finishing writing assignments, as she wants to continue to add detail and revise her work. ii. Describe how the student’s performance compares to that of peers. Student is performing at or above grade level in all academic areas. Her writing abilities are superior to her peers. She is descriptive and writes with voice. She often connects text and ideas from prior knowledge. Socially, Lola is not as likely to play with the other students when at the playground or celebration like a birthday. b. Student Interview: From conducting the interview with Lola, we were able to see that she is quickly able to retain and repeat information presented her. Lola enjoys school and learning new information; she has also come to the conclusion that writing information down helps her to remember it on her own. She keeps a journal, which coincides with our previous observations of Lola and analysis of her work samples. She enjoys writing not only for school, but personally as well. See Appendix B 4. Analysis of Work Samples (at least 2). Work Sample #1 Lola enjoys assignments where she is able to write out responses. She consistently writes more than necessary to answer the question, and finishes before her peers. In question two, Lola was only required to describe one of the holidays in the question, and she described both. Work Sample #2 Lola is able to recall every detail from texts that she’s read. Though she has shown an obvious preference to non-fiction texts, she will still write more than required in responses on fictional texts. Work Sample #3 This is a response to another tall tale, The Milk. Lola was asked to describe the plot of the story, which she did in detail. She has a difficult time summarizing texts, and would prefer to write down everything that she remembers from the story instead of general ideas. Work Sample #4 Lola wrote a personal narrative on Halloween. The paper was a progress writing where student used a graphic organizer to make a draft and edited the paper for a final copy. Student used complete detailed sentences. The topic was written sequentially. Student performed at a proficient level. 5. Teacher and/or Parent Interview(s): Parent Interview: Appendix C Parents are very supportive of Lola in school, however they don’t fully understand how to best help enrich Lola academically. Teacher Interview: Appendix D Teacher seems to have a good understanding of Lola’s specific strengths and needs. It is obvious that Lola is a good student, focused on her work and consistently goes above and beyond what she is asked. The teacher seems concerned that if Lola does not receive the enrichment that she needs, this enthusiasm for learning and focus on her studies will begin to fall. 6. Testing Needs: Based on your analysis of the information outlined above, what specific areas or skills need to be tested? The specific skill being tested is Lola’s capabilities in ELA that includes but not limited to: reading and writing. D. Assessment Plan (8 pts): PLEASE NOTE: CHART HAS BEEN REVISED IN ITS ENTIRITY, INCLUDING ADDITION TO WOODCOCK III Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests (Form G) 1. Standardized Assessment(s): a) Woodcock Reading Mastery Test (Form G) b) The purpose of this test is to assess students’ reading abilities. There are six tests included in the WRMT-R. These six tests are categorized into three clusters. The clusters are as followed: the Readiness Cluster, which includes the Visual Auditory Learning Test and the Letter-Identification Test; the Basic Skills Cluster, which includes the Word Identification and Word Attack Tests; and the Reading Comprehension Cluster, which includes the Word Comprehension Test along with the Passage Comprehension Test. Administrators are able to administer the Total-Reading Full Scale Cluster or the Total-Reading Short Scale Cluster. The Total-Reading Full Scale Cluster includes Word Identification, Word Attack, Word Comprehension, and Passage Comprehension. These scores serve as measure of global reading ability. The TotalReading Short Scale Cluster consists of only Word Identification and Passage Comprehension. This cluster also measures global reading ability, but only gives an estimate. There are six tests in all, some with subtests. Test 1: visual-auditory learning -measures the subject's ability to form associations between visual and oral responses. Test 2: is letter identification - measures upper and lower case identification. Test 3: word identification- word identification implies that the subject may respond correctly even though they may not have any previous knowledge of some words. Test 4: Word attack - read nonsense words - measures subject's ability to apply phonic and structural analysis in order to pronounce words. Test 5: word comprehension - antonym, synonym, analogies Test 6 - passage comprehension - the task is a modified cloze procedure requiring the subject to exercise a variety of comprehension and vocabulary skills. Eligible Population/Norming Sample: In this revised version, norms are provided for grade levels from kindergarten to college senior and adults to age 75 and older. The test is appropriately and adequately normed. c) Reasons for selecting this test– The student assessed have superior language arts skills. This assessment includes reading and writing and was administered to gather information on her reading and writing abilities. This appears to be an appropriate assessment tool for the student evaluated. The student is performing well above her classmates and may need enrichment to meet her needs. The test provides scores for grade and age levels of student being assessed. This information will help determine if interventions to the curriculum are needed. Reliability/Validity Criterion has concurrent validity. The author compared total reading scores from the WRMT-R with the scores of other reading measures. They looked at tests at the 3rd grade, 5th grade, and 12th grade level. The coefficients are as followed: 3rd grade: .83-.92 5th grade: .78-.87 12th grade (1976): .87-.90 12th grade (1977): .79-.92 Reliability: Form G and H run parallel from each other the forms are used together and the scores are combined. When used together the two forms the coefficient increases and the standard error of measurement decreases. Evidence for the internal consistency reliability is good. Validity: Content and/or Construct. Evidence for validity of the tests is good. The content validity is made on the basis of expert judgment and the Rasch scaling procedures used in constructing the test. Users of the test will have to make judgments about the extent to which the test measures mastery of the content of their curriculum. The author explains that experts such as reading specialists and teachers were used to help develop the test items used. Short answers were also chose over other types of answers, such as multiple choice. The author explained short answer questions are more like the problems that a student would face in real life and that they also help to eliminate guessing. Classic item selection techniques and the Rasch model were also used to help with the development of the test items. Validity studies were used to help with the selection of some test items as well. Woodcock Johnson III Test of Achievement (Form B) 1. Standardized Assessment(s): The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement is a widelyused, comprehensive collection of tests measuring level of achievement in reading, mathematics, written language, and knowledge. The Reading tests are organized into three clusters. The Broad Reading Cluster is considered the most general measure of reading achievement, and is composed of Letter-Word Identification and Passage Comprehension. The Basic Reading Skills Cluster measures sight vocabulary and the ability to apply phonic and structural analysis skills. It is composed of Letter-Word Identification and Word Attack. The Reading Comprehension Cluster measures comprehension of single words (Reading Vocabulary) and of words in context of a passage (Passage Comprehension). The Written Language tests are organized into three clusters. The Broad Written Language Cluster measures production of single-word responses and production of sentences in context (Writing Samples). On the Basic Writing Skills Cluster measures single-word responses (Dictation) and identification of errors in spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and usage (Proofing). The Written Expression Cluster measures production of increasingly complex sentences in context (Writing Samples) and timed production of simple sentences according to a general rule (Writing Fluency). Eligible population - Extended grade norms from K.0 to university graduate students Percentile ranks describe a student's relative standing in a comparison group on a scale of 1 to 99. The student's percentile rank indicates the percentage of students from the comparison group who had scores the same of lower than the student's score. A student's percentile rank of 68 indicates that 68% of the comparison group had scores the same or lower than the student's score. The table below provides the classification of standard scores and percentile ranks of the WJIII. Test selected to compare scores to Woodcock Reading Mastery Test. The test also indicates reading and writing levels. Scores will be used to determine highest area of achievement, and develop classroom differentiated materials. Test starting points began at grade 2 to reach the basal of 6. The next level began at grade 4, rather than work back, a level at expected performance was implemented. Student was willing and attentive in assessment and thus was not a factor in determining reliability of results. Basal/ ceiling rules are both 6 in: Letter-Word Identification; Spelling; and Passage Comprehension. Other tests given were specific to grade level (Writing Samples) or were timed tests (Reading and Writing Fluency). Reliability/Validity Reliability/Validity Most of the WJ III tests show strong reliabilities of .80 or higher; several are .90 or higher. The WJ III interpretive plan is based on cluster interpretation. The WJ III clusters show strong reliabilities, most at .90 or higher. The reliability characteristics of the WJ III meet or exceed basic standards for both individual placement and programming decisions. Reliability: Internal coefficients in the mid-.90s for clusters. This indicates good reliability for the broad cognitive and broad achievement clusters. Validity: Correlations in the .60 to .70 range when compared to other cognitive abilities or achievement tests. There is adequate concurrent and content, but not construct validity. This standardized assessment tool for the student being evaluated. The test will provide me with average scores that will be used in comparison with the Woodcock Reading Mastery scores. The information obtained from assessment will allow for targeting enrichment and differentiated curriculum in accelerated areas. 2. Informal and Alternative Assessments. a. In-depth (1-3). In-depth Informal Assessments: Rationale: Describe the reason for using the Provide title and description of assessment assessment Common Formative Assessment (ELA) Measures knowledge of grade-level curriculum. Assessments are given three times a year (Beginning, middle, and end). Teachers have access to previous year’s scores to be able to track student progress. New York State Testing Program Grade 3 Measures assess student performance in Common Core ELA Test accordance with the instructional shifts End of Year demanded by the common core. All questions were multiple choice. Questions analyze difference aspects of a given text, including central idea, style elements, character and plot development and vocabulary. All questions will only be answered correctly if the student comprehends and makes use of the whole passage. b. Brief (1-3) Brief Informal Measures: Rationale: Describe the reason for using this Provide title and description of assessment assessment (how it addresses the Reason for Referral/meets the Testing Needs). Weekly Spelling Quiz Tracks student knowledge of grade-level vocabulary Weekly Written Responses Tracks student progress on listening and learning strand of Core Knowledge Language Arts (CKLA) Personal Narrative Student creativity, writing and editing process. Writing in complete sentences and organizing details sequentially. 4. Describe the process used in selecting or designing each informal assessment. a. What skills/concepts needed to be assessed? Student is being assessed on vocabulary and listening comprehension. Lola consistently scores 100/100 on both, suggesting that her ability level is still above the content being taught and assessed. b. What resources did you draw upon, e.g., specific textbooks, tools, websites, consultation with ________ (person)? EngageNY.org CKLA – Curriculum DIBELS Assessments Consulting with General Education Teacher 5. Testing Sessions. Student assessed in Integrated Co-Teacher’s room, without other students or distractions. Testing sessions completed in 30 minute intervals as needed, to prevent student from growing frustrated or bored. Standardized assessments took approximately 30-45 minutes to complete and were administered within one week. The Woodcock Reading Mastery test was administered first, with the Woodcock-Johnson III following. Appendix A Interaction with other students Will hold one-on-one conversations with others Mostly academic/intellectually based (Student talks about classwork, content material, homework) Interacts with adults as peers, but prefers not to hold personal conversations (ie. Sports, birthdays, music) with children her own age Little to no interaction with students when classroom is not focused on academics Discussing learned material (with peers) Seems to enjoy discussing learned material with her peers Continuing to revise and add material to written response question Student was reluctant to move on from task Has more and more ideas that she needs to get down Constantly adds details to assignments that are extra/unnecessary Tentative during whole group instruction Doesn’t offer answers independently Listens intently When called on, she can answer questions Maintains on task behaviors Stays on task for entire activity Typically finishes before peers Attempts to engage peers who are still working in conversation about assignment Remains focused on lessons Does not get distracted by other students Ignores other behaviors in the class while working Center Time Works independently throughout center time Individually problem solves to complete tasks Immediately finds materials and begins to work Does not use this time to socialize with peers Appendix B: Student interview What did you learn today? We learned about calligraphy. It was interesting to see our names in Chinese. I have three characters in my name. I think it’s because there are three sounds. Josue only has 2 and his name has two syllables, so I think that’s why. Why was it important to know? We learned that paper was invented in China and how books were made. The lesson told us where this resource originated. Did you know anything about the topic before it was discussed in class today? I know China is on the other side of the world. When it is daytime here, it is night there. I know that pandas are from China and they speak a different language. Mandarin Chinese is the most spoken language in the world. What do you like most about school? I don’t know. I like RTI (Response to Intervention). I like Junior Great books. What do you like least? (Shrugged her shoulders) What is your best subject? RtI. I like the stories we read and talking about it. What would you like to change about school? “The hours. I wish we could get here later. (Academics…) I wish we had more computers in the back so we could use them more. I want to go to the computer lab. It would be fun for all of us to have our own computer. I would give each kid a computer – no an iPad. That’s what I would change.” When you finish work before your classmates, what are things you like to do while you wait? I read, I try to talk to them but you yell at me and I don’t want to get my card changed. What do you do when you want to remember something? I read it and I remember. I like to write about things, I keep a journal. Appendix C: Parent Interview Is your child involved in extra-curricular activities? No – (note: low-socio economic status – this may play a role in lack of, didn’t want to pursue) Has your child developed friendships outside of class? Yes, she has friends in the neighborhood. Do you have any concerns about your child academically? No. I know she can do the work. I would like the school to start an enrichment program. What is a typical day at home, after school? She will finish her homework and play with her sister and brother. They like to play a lot of pretend games. (Asked for example) She is learning about tall tales in class – she made up a tall tale and her and her siblings acted it out. Can you tell me anything about “Lola”? She likes to read, sometimes I cannot get her to be quiet, she likes to play inside. She keeps a journal and likes to write. Appendix D: Teacher interview What grade level materials are used for instruction in class? Grade level materials are used for instruction in class. We use the CKLA curriculum for both ELA and Math. RtI for Lola - the students utilize Junior Great Books (Junior Great Books provides a strong framework for teaching reading comprehension, critical thinking, vocabulary, and writing—all in the context of students sharing their ideas about great literature). What is the average class level in reading? Math? Language? Student performs at or above grade level in all areas. She scored 100% in all ELA assessments at the grade 2 level, with the exception of one (90%). Math: 100% on all assessments with exception of one (92%). RtI: 100% on all assessments. The student is reading above grade level – reading benchmark for fluency at the end of the year 2nd grade is 92 WPM, Lola is reading 133 WPM at the beginning of year benchmark. She received a perfect score for the end of the year common formative assessments in math. Have accommodations or modifications been used? Instructors continue to improve differentiated instruction to meet the needs of all students. Can you describe Lola in the classroom setting? Lola is able to maintain focus during instruction. She likes to continue conversations about learned material at her table. She is very intellectual. She talks to me as if she is my peer – and I feel like I am talking to an adult. We are keeping track of time played for an exercise motivator, She often comes to school stating that she didn’t play. She is a happy girl, smiles, likes to talk. She is working above her peers. It doesn’t appear that she has made any friendships that continue outside of the classroom setting. She does participate in classroom discussion when called upon, but is not the first to raise her hand to answer a question. What would you like to change about your instruction with Lola, now that she’s been in your classroom for a couple of months? I would like to integrate enriched material for her and other students performing above grade level in order for them to enhance or build upon what they’ve learned. DIFF 503 Referral Form: Educational Evaluation Date: 9/18/2014 a. Name of student: Lola Age & Grade Level: 7, grade 2 SBU Evaluator: Susan Hart b. How would the parents like the student to be referred to in SBU class assignments and discussions? ___ Use the student's real name ___ Use the student's real name for the evaluation report only ___ Preferred pseudonym: Lola If the parent's preference is unknown, the evaluator will assign a pseudonym. c. Reason for Referral. Include a) particular interest or concern of person referring the student, e.g., an exceptional ability to reason and learn, exceptional performance or achievement (in top 10% or rarer) in an area (e.g., mathematics, music, language, painting, dance, sports), etc., and b) how the student is expected to benefit from the project: A.)Lola has high expressive language skills. She often tells elaborate stories about personal experiences, and goes in depth when explaining a concept learned in class. She is also able to explain learning in her writing with complex writing skills showing sequence of events with an introduction, details and conclusion. She often sticks to a task until she masters it. She has selfcontrol and shows great discipline in the classroom and with curriculum. On beginning of the year DIBELS for reading fluency, Lola is reading 133 words per minute, with 99% accuracy (end of year benchmark is 92 WPM). On Common Formative Assessments for ELA, EM scored a 94% missing 1 out of 15 questions. For Math CFA, EM scored a 100%. Lola is assertive and often a leader in group activities and within the classroom. She has a strong character and is able to express ideas to achieve a goal. Lola likes to help others. Lola likes to explain reasoning, looks for extended learning, and often explains what she has learned to instructor/class. B.) Lola needs to be challenged. General Education materials should be supplemented to extend learning in order to keep her engaged in curriculum. Enrichment to the instruction may allow EM to work in a group to build onto prior knowledge. EM will also need resources to be available (possibly from trade-books, computer research websites, and videos). d. Name, contact information, and role of person making referral: Susan Hart, Special Education Teacher Hart311@roadrunner.com How did you hear about individual educational evaluations through SBU? Graduate Student e. To whom should the evaluation report be distributed? _X_ Parents _X_ Teachers, therapists, others (list): f. Name and address of student's school: Discovery 67 911 Abbott Road Buffalo, NY 14220 g. Name of administrator: Mary Jo Conrad h. Contact information for administrator (phone number & e-mail): 716-826-4922, mconrad@buffaloschools.org i. Name of teacher: Carol Trzyna, Susan Hart j. Contact information for teacher (phone number & e-mail): 716-816-4922, sahart@buffaloschools.org, ctrzyna@buffaloschools.org k. Student's Current Placement: Type of class, location, number & age-range of classmates, number of students with and without exceptionalities, number of staff, and by whom the class is primarily taught (general education, special education, &/or gifted education teacher): Second Grade Integrated Co-teaching Classroom Urban School district, 27 Students currently in the classroom ages ranging from 6-8 years. There are 5 students with exceptionalities within the classroom, and 4 students, where data indicates, are performing above grade level. There are two classroom teachers, one general education teacher, and one special education teacher. Instruction is composed of co-teaching models and small groups. l. Type of Exceptionality _X_ Gifted/Talented. Has the student been formally identified as gifted/talented by the school? ___ Yes _X_ No ___ Disability. Has the student been formally identified as having a disability by the school? ___ Yes ___ No If yes, include specific IDEA classification (as listed on IEP): For Instructor Use: ______ Approved; please proceed. ______ Please revise & resubmit by ___________ Intervention History: Please describe interventions that have been implemented and their effectiveness. Attach additional sheets if more space is needed. Type of Description Results of Intervention Intervention enriching the curriculum with _X_ Adapted differentiated instruction, extended Engaged in lesson, providing difficulty of learning centers, independent work, and outlet for creativity in writing materials. computer time for more in-depth research centers on lessons in ELA. _X__ Adapted Student works on computer during materials to learning centers to research interests In-depth report on cats after incorporate the within the construct of the curriculum reading a fictional story where student's main character was a cat interests. _X__ Provided Dictionaries used to define listening and additional learning vocabulary words resource or reference materials. ___ Gave student extra help. Completed graphic organizer with definition, using word in context, providing antonym/synonym ___Changed the student’s seat. ___ Provided reminders of what task (or step) to do. _X__ Provided Student given instructions prior to reminders of independent practice. how to do the Able to complete work independently task (or step). ___ Provided visual cues. __X_ Provided reading materials in audio format. ___Increased or decreased the number of items assigned. ___ Used a highlighter to identify key words or phrases. ___ Provided a mentor or peer tutor. ___ Adapted tests. Listening and Learning Center Book report _X__ Read Listening and learning tests orally. 100% ___More frequent quiEMes. ___ More time to take quiEMes. ___ Answer test/assignment questions orally. _X__ Discussing interests Communication Continue to incorporate in lesson w/ parents re: planning behavior and/or school work. _X__ Established & posted class rules. ___ Homework signed by parent. ___Behavioral support program. ___ Conferred with specialists. Beginning of the year Rules followed ___Other: