Español IV
Libro-Realidades 2
Hora III y Hora IV
Capítulo 7A
Homework located at the bottom of this site
Examen de 7A, Capítulo 7B
TIKAL
El 18 de
noviembre,
META
2013
1. Examen 7ª
2. 7B La introducción al Capítulo- Usted and Ustedes Commands
EXAMEN Capítulo 7A lunes-martes que
viene El 18 de noviembre 2013
“Polite commands”
Mandatos de USTED
Y USTEDES
Formal Commands
Notes:
1. The written lesson is below.
2. Links to quizzes, tests, etc. are to the
left.
Commands are used when ordering, or telling
someone to do something. This is often referred
to as the "imperative" form of the verb.
Compre Ud. el anillo.
(You) Buy the ring.
Haga Ud. la tarea.
(You) Do the homework.
Compren Uds. los libros.
(You-all) Buy the books.
Hagan Uds. el trabajo.
(You-all) Do the work.
By now, you are well acquainted with the fact
that Spanish has both a formal and an informal
style of speech (tú / Ud.). This distinction
applies to commands.
Compre Ud. el anillo.
Buy the ring. (formal)
Compra (tú) los dulces.
Buy the candy. (familiar)
Informal, or familiar, speech is used among
friends, coworkers, relatives, or when
addressing a child. Formal speech is generally
used to be polite or to express respect.
For that reason, the formal commands are often
referred to as polite commands.
The formal commands are formed the same way
as the present subjunctive:
1. Start with the yo form of the present
indicative.
2. Then drop the -o ending.
3. Finally, add the following endings:
-ar verbs:
-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)
-er and -ir verbs:
-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)
The following examples of formal commands
use three regular verbs: hablar, comer, and
escribir.
Hable Ud. más lentamente.
Hablen Uds. más lentamente.
Speak more slowly.
Coma Ud. la cena.
Coman Uds. la cena.
Eat the dinner.
Escriba Ud. la carta.
Escriban Uds. la carta.
Write the letter.
Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form
is irregular, that irregularity is carried over into
the formation of the formal command.
Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo)
Have a good trip.
Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo)
Bring the money.
Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo)
Come with me.
This also applies to stem-changing verbs.
Cuente Ud. sus beneficios. (yo cuento)
Count your blessings.
Vuelvan Uds. pronto. (yo vuelvo)
Return quickly.
Pida dinero. (yo pido)
Ask for money.
As with the present subjunctive, the following
verbs are irregular:
dar
dé Ud.
den Uds.
estar
esté Ud.
estén Uds.
ir
vaya Ud.
vayan Uds.
ser
sea Ud.
sean Uds.
saber
sepa Ud.
sepan Uds.
Note that affirmative and negative commands
use the same verb forms.
Hable Ud.
Speak.
No hable Ud.
Don't speak.
Coma Ud.
Eat.
No coma Ud.
Don't eat.
Escriba Ud.
Write.
No escriba Ud.
Don't write.
Also note that the subject pronouns Ud. and
Uds. may or may not be used. Using them adds
a degree of formality or politeness to the
command.
Hable.
Speak.
Hable Ud.
Speak (sir). (more respectful)
Coma.
Eat.
Coma Ud.
Eat (sir). (more polite)
The formal and commands are
polite requests that you make of
adults who are not close friends.
This includes patients if you are a doctor
(unless your patients are young children),
clients for businessmen, even waiters since
in most Hispanic countries you will not find a
teenager bouncing over to your table with a
"Hey! I'm Jim!" name-tag on.
When in doubt, use the Ud. (usted) form
unless you are invited to do otherwise.
The Plural form represents commands or
requests of more than one person. Like
"ustedes" itself, the plural command form is
neither formal nor informal in Latin
America.
Let's make a Formal Command. We'll use the
verb Hablar.
1.
We always start with the first person
singular "Yo" form of the verb: hablo
2.
Now drop the "o" : habl-
3.
Now we attach the "opposite" vowel
ending to our verb stem to form our
command:
4.
¡ Hable !
o
o
We use the "e" -the vowel we normally
use with -Ir and -Er verbs for the -Ar
verbs .
And we use "a" with the -Ir and -Er
verbs!
o
If the "Yo" form is irregular, the command
will be irregular:
1.
For example, Traer
2.
the present tense "Yo" form is Traigo
3.
We drop the "o" : Traig-
4.
We add the opposite ending: `a' [Traer
is an -ER verb, so the opposite ending is
the -AR ending.]
5.
And we have our command: Traiga
("Bring!")
The Usted and Ustedes command forms are the
Ud. and Uds. form of the Present Subjunctive.
Here are the endings for the formal
commands:
Usted
(Formal
form)
AR
VERBS
IR/ER
VERBS
e
a
Ustedes
en
an
(Plural form)
If the Yo form is irregular in the Present
Tense, it will be irregular in the Formal &
Plural command form.
Ud.
Infinitive
Yo form
Command
Form
Salir
Salgo
Salga
Hacer
Hago
Haga
Poner
Pongo
Ponga
Decir
Digo
Diga
Venir
Vengo
Venga
With verbs that end in "Y" in the Yo form as
well as Saber are very irregular:
Ud.
Infinitive
Yo form
Command
Form
Estar
Estoy
Esté
Dar
Doy
Dé
Ser
Soy
Sea
Ir
Voy
Vaya
Saber
Sé
Sepa
If there is a stem change in the Present Tense,
there will be a stem change in the Command
(Present Subjunctive) form:
Ud.
Infinitive
Yo form
Command
Form
Pedir
Pido
Pida
Pensar
Pienso
Piense
Dormir
Duermo
Duerma
Atender
Atiendo
Atienda
Hervir
Hiervo
Hierva
Entender
Entiendo
Entienda
Poder
Puedo
Pueda
Freír
Frío
Fría
TAREA
TAREA
TAREA
REVIEW THE STUDY GUIDES
ON THE WEBSITE!
Studying each day keeps the fear of tests away….
Studying a language is writing things out
Especially verb conjugations and vocabulary
Beat the storm
of learning
STUDY Rewrite and summarize
notes, verbs conjugations on note
cards, index cards, whatever it takes
Review at home,
write out the conjugation of at least 5
verbs a night!!!!!!!
KNOW your verbs!
visit you neighbors
Visit your friends the verbs,
Know them well!!!!!
In the city of verbs, visit the
neighborhood of conjugations
Visit the “houses of
AR verbs, er verbs and ir verbs regular
And go to the street of irregular verbs
as well!!!
KNOW YOUR VERBS