Personal Research Database Part J-3 By Prof. Yuh-Shan Ho Last data updates: 10/01/12 #: in processing of inter-library loan ?: has not asked for inter-library loan yet ??: questions Title: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology........................................................... 1 Title: Journal of Immunology ........................................................................................... 2 Title: Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry ................................ 3 Title: Journal of the Indian Chemical Society .................................................................. 6 Title: Journal of the Indian Institute of Science .............................................................. 15 Title: Journal of Indian Water Works Association .......................................................... 16 Title: Journal of Industrial Ecology ................................................................................ 17 Title: Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry ................................................. 18 Title: Journal of Industrial Microbiology ....................................................................... 29 Title: Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology ........................................... 31 Title: Journal of Infectious Diseases ............................................................................... 35 Title: Journal of Information Processing and Management ............................................ 37 Title: Journal of Information Science ............................................................................. 38 Title: Journal of Information Science, Principles & Practice ......................................... 80 Title: Journal of Information Technology ....................................................................... 81 Title: Journal of Informetrics .......................................................................................... 83 Title: Journal of Inorganic Materials ............................................................................ 156 Title: Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry ...................................................... 158 Title: Journal of the Institution of Water and Environmental Management ................. 161 Title: Journal of the Institute of Energy ........................................................................ 162 Title: Journal of the Institute of Fuel ............................................................................ 164 Title: Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists ............................... 165 Title: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research ......................................................... 166 Title: Journal of Intelligent Information Systems ......................................................... 168 Title: Journal of Internal Medicine ............................................................................... 169 Title: Journal of International Medical Research .......................................................... 171 Title: Journal of Interprofessional Care ........................................................................ 172 Title: Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology ...................... 173 Title: Journal of Investigative Dermatology ................................................................. 175 Title: Journal of Investigative Medicine ....................................................................... 176 Title: Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society ............................................................. 178 Title: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE ...................................... 181 Title: Journal of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology .................................... 183 Title: Journal of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology .................................... 184 Title: Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi ...................................... 185 Title: Journal of Jiaxing College ................................................................................... 187 Title: Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) ...................................................... 188 Title: Journal of Knowledge Management.................................................................... 190 Title: Journal of the Korean Chemical Society ............................................................. 192 Title: Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing .............................................................. 193 Title: Journal of the Korean Medical Association ........................................................ 195 Title: Journal of Korean Medical Science .................................................................... 197 Title: Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine ..................................................... 200 Title: Journal für Landwirtschaft .................................................................................. 202 Title: Journal of Laryngology and Otology .................................................................. 203 Title: Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society .................................................. 205 Title: Journal of Legal Studies ...................................................................................... 206 Title: Journal of Legal Studies in Education................................................................. 209 Title: Journal of Leukocyte Biology ............................................................................. 210 Title: Journal of Librarianship ...................................................................................... 211 Title: Journal of Librarianship and Information Science .............................................. 213 Title: Journal of Library History Philosophy and Comparative Librarianship ............. 217 Title: Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture ............................... 218 Title: Journal of Library Science in China .................................................................... 226 Title: Journal of Liquid Chromatography ..................................................................... 228 Title: Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies.............................. 232 Title: Journal of Literacy Research ............................................................................... 234 Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science-Physics ...................................................... 235 Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry ............................................................................................................ 236 Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science-Polymer Reviews ...................................... 241 Title: Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy ................................................................... 242 Title: Journal of Management ....................................................................................... 245 Title: Journal of Management History .......................................................................... 246 Title: Journal of Management Inquiry .......................................................................... 248 Title: Journal of Management in Medicine ................................................................... 250 Title: Journal of Management Studies .......................................................................... 251 Title: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics ................................... 252 Title: Journal of Marine Biotechnology ........................................................................ 258 Title: Journal of Marine Science and Technology-Taiwan ........................................... 259 Title: Journal of Marital and Family Therapy ............................................................... 261 Title: Journal of Marketing ........................................................................................... 262 Title: Journal of Marriage and Family .......................................................................... 265 Title: Journal of Materials Chemistry ........................................................................... 266 Title: Journal of Materials and Environmental Science ................................................ 273 Title: Journal of Materials Processing Technology....................................................... 274 Title: Journal of Materials Research ............................................................................. 275 Title: Journal of Materials Science ............................................................................... 276 Title: Journal of Materials Science Letters ................................................................... 280 Title: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ................................................ 281 Title: Journal of Mathematical Chemistry .................................................................... 283 Title: Journal of Mathematical Sciences ....................................................................... 284 Title: Journal of Mechanical Design ............................................................................. 285 Title: Journal of Media Economics ............................................................................... 286 Title: Journal of Medical Biography ............................................................................. 287 Title: Journal of Medical Entomology .......................................................................... 288 Title: Journal of Medical Ethics .................................................................................... 290 Title: Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology ........................................ 296 Title: Journal of Medical Internet Research .................................................................. 297 Title: Journal of the Medical Library Association ........................................................ 307 Title: Journal of Medical Microbiology ........................................................................ 333 Title: Journal of Medical Systems ................................................................................ 334 Title: Journal of Medical Virology................................................................................ 336 Title: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry .......................................................................... 337 Title: Journal of Membrane Science ............................................................................. 338 Title: Journal of Memory and Language ...................................................................... 358 Title: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society........................................................... 359 Title: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society........................................................... 360 Title: Journal of the Michigan Dental Association ....................................................... 362 Title: Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science ................................................... 363 Title: Journal of Microbiological Methods ................................................................... 364 Title: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ...................................................... 367 Title: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection .......................................... 371 Title: Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences ........................................... 373 Title: Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology ........................................................ 374 Title: Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy ................................... 376 Title: Journal of Molecular Biology ............................................................................. 377 Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis (China) .............................................................. 381 Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical ....................................................... 382 Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic ...................................................... 386 Title: Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology .................................................... 390 Title: Journal of Molecular Graphics & Modelling ...................................................... 391 Title: Journal of Molecular Liquids .............................................................................. 392 Title: Journal of Molecular Structure ............................................................................ 393 Title: Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM ................................................... 396 Title: Journal of Music Therapy.................................................................................... 399 Title: Journal of Nanjing University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) ............................................................................................................................. 400 Title: Journal of Nanomaterials .................................................................................... 401 Title: Journal of Nanoparticle Research ....................................................................... 403 Title: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ..................................................... 415 Title: Journal of the National Cancer Institute .............................................................. 418 Title: Journal of the National Medical Association ...................................................... 426 Title: Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University ...................................... 428 Title: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease .............................................................. 429 Title: Journal of Neural Transmission........................................................................... 431 Title: Journal of Neurochemistry .................................................................................. 433 Title: Journal of Neurochemistry .................................................................................. 434 Title: Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation ................................................ 435 Title: Journal of Neurology ........................................................................................... 437 Title: Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry ........................................... 439 Title: Journal of Neuroscience Research ...................................................................... 441 Title: Journal of Neurosurgery ...................................................................................... 442 Title: Journal of Neurosurgery-Spine ........................................................................... 449 Title: Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology............................................................ 451 Title: Journal of Neurotrauma ....................................................................................... 452 Title: Journal. New England Water Pollution Control Association .............................. 456 Title: Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids ....................................................................... 457 Title: Journal of the North American Benthological Society........................................ 460 Title: Journal of Northeastern University ..................................................................... 463 Title: Journal of Nuclear Cardiology ............................................................................ 464 Title: Journal of Nuclear Materials ............................................................................... 466 Title: Journal of Nuclear Medicine ............................................................................... 470 Title: Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences ................................................ 471 Title: Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology ....................................................... 472 Title: Journal of Nursing Administration ...................................................................... 477 Title: Journal of Nursing Administration ...................................................................... 479 Title: Journal of Nursing Management ......................................................................... 480 Title: Journal of Nursing Research ............................................................................... 481 Title: Journal of Nursing Scholarship ........................................................................... 483 Title: Journal of Nutrition ............................................................................................. 486 Title: Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging................................................................... 491 Title: Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ............................................... 495 Title: JOGNN-Journal of Obstetric Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing ..................... 497 Title: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ....................................... 500 Title: Journal of Occupational Health ........................................................................... 505 Title: Journal of Occupational Medicine ...................................................................... 507 Title: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation ............................................................... 509 Title: Journal of Oil Palm Research .............................................................................. 511 Title: Journal of Oleo Science....................................................................................... 513 Title: Journal of Operations Management .................................................................... 514 Title: Journal of the Optical Society of America .......................................................... 517 Title: Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics ............................ 518 Title: Journal of Optical Technology ............................................................................ 519 Title: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery .......................................................... 520 Title: Journal of Organic Chemistry ............................................................................. 526 Title: Journal of Organizational Change Management ................................................. 527 Title: Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce ...................... 528 Title: Journal of Organometallic Chemistry ................................................................. 529 Title: Journal of Orofacial Pain..................................................................................... 530 Title: Journal of Orthodontics ....................................................................................... 532 Title: Journal of Orthopaedic Research ........................................................................ 533 Title: Journal of Orthopaedic Science........................................................................... 534 Title: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy ............................................ 536 Title: Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma ........................................................................... 540 Title: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health .............................................................. 542 Title: Journal of Pain and Symptom Management ....................................................... 544 Title: Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ....................................................... 547 Title: Journal of Palliative Medicine ............................................................................. 549 Title: Journal of Parasitology ........................................................................................ 551 Title: Journal of Pastoral Care ...................................................................................... 553 Title: Journal of Pathology............................................................................................ 554 Title: Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology ............................................................... 555 Title: Journal of Peace Research ................................................................................... 556 Title: Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics ....................................................................... 557 Title: Journal of Pediatric Psychology .......................................................................... 558 Title: Journal of Pediatric Surgery ................................................................................ 559 Title: Journal of Pediatrics ............................................................................................ 562 Title: Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing ...................................................................... 564 Title: Journal of Personality .......................................................................................... 565 Title: Journal of Personality .......................................................................................... 566 Title: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology .................................................... 567 Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis .......................................... 569 Title: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences .................................................................... 570 Title: Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics ........................................... 571 Title: Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods .................................... 572 Title: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics .................................. 573 Title: J Philipp Dent Assoc ........................................................................................... 576 Title: Journal of Philosophy of Education .................................................................... 577 Title: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-Chemistry ................................ 579 Title: Journal of Phycology ........................................................................................... 584 Title: Journal of Physical Chemistry............................................................................. 586 Title: Journal of Physical Chemistry A ......................................................................... 625 Title: Journal of Physical Chemistry B ......................................................................... 628 Title: Journal of Physical Chemistry C ......................................................................... 656 Title: Journal of Physical and Colloid Chemistry ......................................................... 673 Title: Journal of the Physical Society of Japan ............................................................. 674 Title: Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids ........................................................ 675 Title: Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics ................................................................ 680 Title: Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter ................................................................. 682 Title: Journal of Physics A-Mathematical and General ................................................ 683 Title: Journal of Physics G-Nuclear and Particle Physics............................................. 685 Title: Journal of Physiology (Cambridge) .................................................................... 687 Title: Journal de Physique ............................................................................................. 688 Title: Journal de Physique IV ....................................................................................... 689 Title: Journal of Pineal Research .................................................................................. 691 Title: Journal of Plant Physiology................................................................................. 693 Title: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science ........................................................ 694 Title: Journal of Plant Research .................................................................................... 698 Title: JPC-Journal of Planar Chromatography-Modern TLC ....................................... 700 Title: Journal of Planning Education and Research ...................................................... 702 Title: Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery ................................... 703 Title: Journal of Political Economy .............................................................................. 705 Title: Journal of Political Philosophy ........................................................................... 707 Title: Journal of Politics ................................................................................................ 708 Title: Journal of Policy Analysis and Management ...................................................... 709 Title: Journal of Polymer Materials .............................................................................. 710 Title: Journal of Polymer Science ................................................................................. 712 Title: Journal of Polymer Science Part A-General Papers ............................................ 714 Title: Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry .................................... 715 Title: Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry ................................. 718 Title: Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition ................................... 720 Title: Journal of Polymer Science Part B Polymer Physics .......................................... 721 Title: Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics ..................................... 723 Title: Journal of Polymer Science Part C-Polymer Symposium ................................... 724 Title: Journal of Polymer Research ............................................................................... 725 Title: Journal of Polymers and the Environment .......................................................... 730 Title: Journal of Porous Materials................................................................................. 732 Title: Journal of Porous Media ..................................................................................... 735 Title: Journal of Power Sources .................................................................................... 736 Title: Journal of Pragmatics .......................................................................................... 742 Title: Journal of Preventive Medicine Information ...................................................... 745 Title: Journal of Product Innovation Management ....................................................... 747 Title: Journal of Productivity Analysis ......................................................................... 752 Title: Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development ...................... 753 Title: Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry ............................................................................ 755 Title: Journal of Prosthodontics-Implant Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry .............................................................................................................. 756 Title: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing ............................................. 758 Title: Journal of Psychiatric Research .......................................................................... 759 Title: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience ................................................................ 761 Title: Journal of Psychopharmacology ......................................................................... 763 Title: Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology ....................................... 765 Title: Journal of Psychosomatic Research .................................................................... 767 Title: Journal of Public Health Dentistry ...................................................................... 768 Title: Journal of Public Health Medicine ...................................................................... 780 Title: Journal of Public Health Policy ........................................................................... 783 Title: Journal of Public Management ............................................................................ 786 Title: Journal of Radiation Research ............................................................................. 787 Title: Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry ................................................................. 788 Title: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry............................................. 789 Title: Journal de Radiologie .......................................................................................... 922 Title: Journal of Raman Spectroscopy .......................................................................... 923 Title: Journal of Rare Earths ......................................................................................... 924 Title: Journal of Refractive Surgery.............................................................................. 928 Title: Journal of Regional Science ................................................................................ 930 Title: Journal of Rehabilitation ..................................................................................... 931 Title: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine ..................................................................... 934 Title: Journal of Renal Nutrition ................................................................................... 938 Title: Journal of Research Communication Studies ...................................................... 940 Title: Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ............................................................ 941 Title: Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology .......................................................................................................... 942 Title: Journal of Research in Personality ...................................................................... 944 Title: Journal of Residuals Science & Technology ....................................................... 945 Title: Journal of Rheology ............................................................................................ 948 Title: Journal of Rheumatology .................................................................................... 950 Title: J R Soc Health ..................................................................................................... 956 Title: Journal of Risk and Insurance ............................................................................. 957 Title: Journal of Risk Research ..................................................................................... 959 Title: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ........................................................... 960 Title: Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health .................................. 965 Title: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society............................................................... 967 Title: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A-General .................................. 968 Title: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (The Statistician) .................. 969 Title: Journal of Rural Health ....................................................................................... 970 Title: Journal of Safety and Environment ..................................................................... 972 Title: Journal of Safety Research .................................................................................. 974 Title: Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division-ASCE .......................................... 976 Title: Journal of Saudi Chemical Society ..................................................................... 979 Title: Journal of Scholarly Publishing .......................................................................... 981 Title: Journal of School Health ..................................................................................... 984 Title: Journal of Science Education and Technology.................................................... 985 Title: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture .................................................. 986 Title: Journal of Sciences .............................................................................................. 991 Title: Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research ........................................................ 992 Title: Journal of Second Language Writing ................................................................ 1011 Title: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology ..................................................................... 1013 Title: Journal of Seismology ....................................................................................... 1014 Title: Journal of Separation and Process Technology ................................................. 1017 Title: Journal of Separation Science ........................................................................... 1018 Title: Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society .......................................................... 1023 Title: Journal of Sexual Medicine ............................................................................... 1028 Title: Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University.......................................................... 1030 Title: Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition) .......................... 1031 Title: Journal of Small Animal Practice ...................................................................... 1034 Title: Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology ........................................................ 1035 Title: Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless .................................................... 1036 Title: Journal of Social Work Education ..................................................................... 1037 Title: Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists ................................................. 1041 Title: Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics ........................ 1066 Title: JSLS-Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons ............................ 1067 Title: Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists......................... 1068 Title: Journal of Sociology.......................................................................................... 1074 Title: Journal of Soil Contamination........................................................................... 1076 Title: Journal of Soil Science ...................................................................................... 1081 Title: Journal of Soil Science ...................................................................................... 1091 Title: Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management ................................ 1092 Title: Journal of Soils and Sediments ......................................................................... 1093 Title: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology ..................................................... 1097 Title: Journal of Solid State Chemistry ....................................................................... 1100 Title: Journal of Solution Chemistry........................................................................... 1103 Title: Journal of the South African Dental Association .............................................. 1106 Title: Journal of Special Education ............................................................................. 1107 Title: Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing ...................................................... 1108 Title: Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ......................................... 1109 Title: Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine ...................................................................... 1110 Title: Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology........................................................... 1112 Title: Journal of Sport Management ........................................................................... 1113 Title: Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness .............................................. 1114 Title: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry ........................................................................ 1116 Title: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.................................. 1117 Title: Journal of Stored Products Research ................................................................. 1119 Title: Journal of Structural Chemistry ........................................................................ 1122 Title: Journal of Studies on Alcohol ........................................................................... 1123 Title: Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment ............................................................. 1126 Title: Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism ........................................ 1128 Title: Journal of Supercritical Fluids .......................................................................... 1130 Title: Journal of Surgical Oncology ............................................................................ 1133 Title: Journal of Surgical Research ............................................................................. 1135 Title: Journal of Systems and Software ...................................................................... 1138 Title: Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers .................................... 1140 Title: Journal of Technical Writing and Communication ............................................ 1153 Title: Journal of Technology Transfer ......................................................................... 1154 Title: Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare ............................................................... 1157 Title: Journal of the Textile Institute ........................................................................... 1161 Title: Journal of Theoretical Biology .......................................................................... 1163 Title: Journal of Thermal Analysis.............................................................................. 1166 Title: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry .................................................. 1168 Title: Journal of Thermodynamics .............................................................................. 1173 Title: Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery .............................................. 1174 Title: Journal of Thoracic Oncology ........................................................................... 1177 Title: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis ........................................................... 1179 Title: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis ......................................................... 1181 Title: Journal of Tianjin Institute of Technology ........................................................ 1184 Title: Journal of Tongji University.............................................................................. 1185 Title: Journal de Toxicologie Clinique et Experimentale ........................................... 1186 Title: Journal of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology....................................................... 1187 Title: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health............................................. 1189 Title: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A ................................. 1193 Title: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part A-Current Issues ................................................................................................................. 1201 Title: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health-Part B-Critical Reviews ............................................................................................................. 1203 Title: Journal of Toxicological Sciences ..................................................................... 1205 Title: Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine ...................................... 1206 Title: Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques ................................................... 1208 Title: Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine .......................................................... 1211 Title: Journal and Transactions of the Chemical Society of London .......................... 1212 Title: Journal of Translational Medicine ..................................................................... 1214 Title: Journal of Transcultural Nursing ....................................................................... 1216 Title: Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection and Critical Care ....................................... 1217 Title: Journal of Traumatic Stress ............................................................................... 1225 Title: Journal of Travel Research ................................................................................ 1228 Title: Journal of Tropical Ecology .............................................................................. 1229 Title: Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ....................................................... 1230 Title: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics ............................................................................ 1232 Title: Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology) ............................... 1234 Title: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine .................................................................... 1236 Title: Journal of Universal Computer Science ............................................................ 1238 Title: Journal of the University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy ................. 1240 Title: Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing ................................ 1242 Title: Journal of Urban Health-Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine ............................................................................................................ 1244 Title: Journal of Urban Planning and Development-ASCE ........................................ 1246 Title: Journal of Urology ............................................................................................ 1247 Title: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology ....................................................... 1253 Title: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A-Vacuum Surfaces and Films .................................................................................................................. 1254 Title: Journal of Vascular Surgery............................................................................... 1257 Title: Journal of Vector Borne Diseases ...................................................................... 1262 Title: Journal of Vegetation Science ........................................................................... 1263 Title: Journal of Veterinary Medical Science .............................................................. 1266 Title: Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology .......................................................... 1267 Title: Journal of Virology ............................................................................................ 1268 Title: Journal of the Washington Academy of Science ............................................... 1269 Title: Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology .................................................... 1270 Title: Journal of Water and Health .............................................................................. 1271 Title: Journal Water Pollution Control Federation ...................................................... 1272 Title: Journal of Water Resource and Protection ........................................................ 1280 Title: Journal of Water Services Research and Technology-AQUA ........................... 1284 Title: Journal of Water Supply Research and Technology-AQUA ............................. 1286 Title: Journal of Womens Health ................................................................................ 1291 Title: Journal of Womens Health & Gender-Based Medicine .................................... 1293 Title: Journal of Wood Science ................................................................................... 1295 Title: Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing ......................................... 1299 Title: Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition .......... 1300 Title: Journal of Xiamen University (Natural Science) .............................................. 1302 Title: Journal of Xiangfan University ......................................................................... 1303 Title: Journal of Yantai University (Natural Science and Engineering Edition) ........................................................................................................................... 1304 Title: Journal of Zhejiang Shuren University ............................................................. 1305 Title: Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A ........................................................ 1306 Title: Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B ........................................................ 1310 Title: Journal of Zhengzhou University ...................................................................... 1311 Title: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology Full Journal Title: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Imaging Sci. Technol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Imaging Sci Techn ISSN: 8750-9237 Issues/Year: 6 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: I S & T-Soc Imaging Science Technology Publisher Address: 7003 Kilworth Lane, Springfield, VA 22151 Subject Categories: Photographic Technology: Impact Factor ? Coll, H. and Fornalik, J.E. (1996), Thickness determination of tabular silver bromide grains by atomic force microscopy and by dye adsorption. Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 40 (3), 185-188. Abstract: The average thickness of tabular silver bromide grains can be calculated from the magnitude of the specific dye adsorption if some estimate of the average grain diameter is available. Using 1,1’-diethyl a, 2’-cyanine chloride as the dye, we related the calculated grain thicknesses, in the range from 30 to 150 nm, to data from atomic force microscopy. To bring these two methods into agreement, a limiting molecular area of 0.62±0.01 nm2 had to be assigned, which is 10% higher than the reported value for octahedral {111} faces. Dye adsorption gives a result close to the number average thickness of the grains, unless there exists a significant correlation between grain thickness and diameter. 1 Title: Journal of Immunology Full Journal Title: Journal of Immunology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Immunol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Immunol ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, ? Lynch, D.H. and Dewitt, C.W. (1980), Analysis of cyto-toxic effector cell-populations by kinetic and monolayer adsorption techniques. Journal of Immunology, 124 (1), 222-226. 2 Title: Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0923-0750 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor, ? Arámbula-Villazana, V., Solache-Ríos, M. and Olguín, M.T. (2006), Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions at different temperatures by Mexican HEU-type zeolite rich tuff. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 55 (3-4), 229-236. Full Text: 2006\J Inc Phe Mac Che55, 229.pdf Abstract: Many factors may affect the heavy metals sorption on natural zeolites among them the temperature, for this reason in this paper the cadmium retention behavior on Mexican zeolitic rich tuff as a function of temperature is considered. The kinetic and the isotherms were determined at 303, 318, and 333 K, the remaining cadmium in the solution samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The pseudo-second order rate constant, k, as well as the apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated from the cadmium uptake by the zeolitic rock as a function of the contact time and temperature, the highest amounts were found for the experiments done at 333 K. The maximum cadmium adsorption capacity by the zeolitic material was 12.2 mg Cd2+/g at 318 K corresponding to 20% of the effective ion exchange capacity of the Chihuahua zeolitic rock. In order to explain the cadmium sorption behavior different kinetics and isotherm models were considered. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alpha-Pinene, Behavior, Bone Char, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd-Exchanged Heulandite, Clinoptilolite, Diffusion, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ion-Exchange, Isotherms, Kinetics, Lead, Models, Natural Zeolites, Pseudo Second Order, Removal, Retention, Sorption, Temperature, Uptake, Zeolitic Tuff ? Arámbula-Villazana, V., Solache-Ríos, M. and Olguín, M.T. (2006), Sorption of cadmium from aqueous solutions at different temperatures by Mexican HEU-type 3 zeolite rich tuff. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 55 (3-4), 237-245. Full Text: 2006\J Inc Phe Mac Che55, 237.pdf Abstract: Many factors may affect the heavy metals sorption on natural zeolites among them the temperature, for this reason in this paper the cadmium retention behavior on Mexican zeolitic rich tuff as a function of temperature is considered. The kinetic and the isotherms were determined at 303, 318, and 333 K, the remaining cadmium in the solution samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The pseudo-second order rate constant, k, as well as the apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated from the cadmium uptake by the zeolitic rock as a function of the contact time and temperature, the highest amounts were found for the experiments done at 333 K. The maximum cadmium adsorption capacity by the zeolitic material was 12.2 mg Cd2+/g at 318 K corresponding to 20% of the effective ion exchange capacity of the Chihuahua zeolitic rock. In order to explain the cadmium sorption behavior different kinetics and isotherm models were considered. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Alpha-Pinene, Behavior, Bone Char, Cadmium, Capacity, Cd-Exchanged Heulandite, Clinoptilolite, Diffusion, Heavy Metals, Heavy-Metals, Ion-Exchange, Isotherms, Kinetics, Lead, Models, Natural Zeolites, Pseudo Second Order, Removal, Retention, Sorption, Temperature, Uptake, Zeolitic Tuff ? Macedo-Miranda, M.G. and Olguín, M.T. (2007), Arsenic sorption by modified clinoptilolite-heulandite rich tuffs. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 59 (1-2), 131-142. Full Text: 2007\J Inc Phe Mac Che59, 131.pdf Abstract: Recent works show that modified natural zeolites improve the remotion of anionic or non-polar organic pollutants from water. In this work the arsenic sorption from aqueous solutions onto clinoptilolite-heulandite rich tuffs modified with lanthanum, hexadecyltrimethylammonium or iron was investigated considering the arsenic chemical species and the pH of the arsenic solutions. Clinoptilolite-heulandite rich tuffs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The elemental composition of the zeolitic samples was also determined. According to the Langmuir isotherm model the arsenic(V) sorption capacity of the zeolites was 75.4 g As/g at pH 3, 3.9 g As/g at pH 5 and 53.6 g As/g at pH 6, for the lanthanum, HDTMA and iron modified clinoptilolite-heulandite rich tuff from Chihuahua (Mexico), respectively. In general, the results suggested that the arsenic retention depends on the precedence of zeolitic material, the nature of arsenic chemical species, pH as well as the characteristics of modified natural zeolites. In this work the arsenic adsorption mechanisms are also discussed. 4 Keywords: Arsenic, Clinoptilolite, Natural Zeolites, Sorption, Aqueous-Solutions, Northern Mexico, Drinking-Water, Removal, Iron, Adsorption, Zeolite, Ion, Contamination, Groundwater ? Li, N., Mei, Z. and Ding, S.G. (2010), 2,4-Dichlorophenol sorption on cyclodextrin polymers. Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 68 (1-2), 123-129. Full Text: 2010\J Inc Phe Mac Che68, 123.pdf Abstract: The sorption of beta-cyclodextrin polymer (beta-CDP) and gamma-cyclodextrin polymer (gamma-CDP) toward 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solutions was investigated. The influence of sorption conditions including initial 2,4-DCP concentration, contact time and pH on sorption capability were discussed. Their sorption behaviors for 2,4-DCP were conducted and it was found the sorption kinetics followed the Ho and McKay equation and the film diffusion was the rate-determined step. The sorption isotherm can be correlated to Freundlich model and the sorption capacity on beta-CDP was much larger than that on gamma-CDP. The maximum sorption capacity of 2,4-DCP for beta-CDP was measured to be 0.16 mmol/g with the initial concentration at 0.67 mmol/L at 288 K. The CDPs were easily recovered by ethanol as washing solvent and they could be used as a kind of recyclable sorbents. Keywords: 2,4-Dcp, 2,4-Dichlorophenol, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Beta-Cyclodextrin, Beta-Cyclodextrin, Capacity, Cationic Dye, Concentration, Cyclodextrin, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Ethanol, Film Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Gamma-Cyclodextrin, Isosteric Heat, Kinetics, Malachite-Green, Model, Organic Pollutants, pH, Polymer, Removal, Solutions, Sorbents, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Sorption Sorption Kinetics 5 Diffusion, Isotherm, Polymers, Isotherm, Title: Journal of the Indian Chemical Society Full Journal Title: Journal of the Indian Chemical Society ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Indian Chem. Soc. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Indian Chem Soc ISSN: 0019-4522 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: India Language: English Publisher: Indian Chemical Soc Publisher Address: 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Rd Attn: Dr Indrajit Kar/Exec Sec, Calcutta 7000 Subject Categories: Chemistry: Impact Factor 0.192, 100/121 (1999), Sinha, P.R. and Choudhury, A.K. (1954), Adsorption of phosphate and other anions by aluminium oxide. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 31 (3), 211-219. ? Arnikar, H.J., Daniels, E.A. and Kulkarni, S.V. (1971), Kinetics of competitive adsorption. 2. Chloride and iodide ions on silver. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 48 (6), 555-??. ? Arnikar, H.J., Daniels, E.A. and Kulkarni, S.V. (1971), Kinetics of competitive adsorption. 3. Chloride and bromide ions on silver and aluminium. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 48 (10), 911-??. ? Arnikar, H.J., Kulkarni, S.V. and Daniels, E.A. (1972), Kinetics of competitive adsorption. 4. Bromide and iodide ions on silver and aluminum and chloride and iodide ions on aluminum. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 49 (8), 736-??. ? McKay, G. and Otterburn, M.S. (1981), Factors affecting the rate of adsorption. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58, 43-46. ? Maruthamuthu, P., Viswanathan, B., Swamy, C.S. and Srinivasan, V. (1974), Kinetics of chemisorption of hydrogen on iron-powder: Application of Elovich equation. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58 (8), 725-726. McKay, G., Otterburn, M.S. and Sweeney, A.G. (1981), Activated carben as an adsorbent for basic yellow dye. Part I: Factors affecting the rate of dye adsorption. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58 (10), 963-965. McKay, G., Otterburn, M.S. and Sweeney, A.G. (1981), Activated carben as an adsorbent for basic yellow dye. Part II: Surface mass transfer processes. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 58, 1066-1070. McKay, G., Otterburn, M.S. and Sweeney, A.G. (1981), Activated carben as an adsorbent for basic yellow dye. Part III: Interparticle diffusion processes. Journal of 6 the Indian Chemical Society, 58, 1164-1167. ? Mirza, M.L. and Salma, Q. (1987), Studies on adsorption of Methyl Violet on alumina, silica and zinc-oxide. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 64 (2), 84-87. McKay, G., Allen, S.J. and McGookin, C. (1989), Solvent extraction of wax from Northern Ireland lignite. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 66, 260-265. ? Gomma, G.K., Issa, R.M., Elbaradie, H.Y. and Shokry, H.E. (1993), Adsorption of organic-acids on low-carbon steel. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 70 31-34. Abstract: The adsorption from solution of chloroacetic acid on low carbon steel been measured using Langmuir and Bockris-Swinkels isotherm. The coverage been determined and the standard free energy of adsorption about 4 kJ/mol (1), has has the adsorption arises largely from metal-adsorbate dispersion interaction differences between water and organic acid. A knowledge on the adsorption of organic acids at the electrode-solution interface is needed for understanding of organic electrode reactions and the inhibitive action of organic acid on corrosion. ? Gupta, G.S. and Shukla, S.P. (1996), Treatment of carpet effluents by adsorption on wollastonite. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 73 (1), 61-65. Abstract: Treatment of carpet effluents containing some chrome dyes, viz. omega chrome red ME (OCR), metomega chrome orange GL(MCO) and omega chrome fast blue B (OCB) by adsorption on wollastonite has been carried out. The maximum removal of dyes is noted at 10 mg dm-3 initial concentration, 30 degrees temperature, pH 2.0 and 53 m adsorbent particle size. The process of uptake follows first order fate expression and obeys Langmuir’s model of adsorption. The coefficients of intraparticle diffusion and mass transfer are determined. The effect of temperature is round to be negative indicating exothermic nature of the process. Desorption study suggests the involvement of physicosorption. Keywords: Aqueous-Solutions, Chrome Dye, Fly-Ash, Removal, Adsorbents, Coal ? Khattri, S.D. and Singh, M.K. (1999), Removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution using Sone sand as an adsorbent. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 76 (8), 389-391. Abstract: The potentiality of sone sand from the Sone river, Sonebhadra, Uttar Pradesh (India) has been investigated as effective adsorbent to remove the dyes from aqueous solutions. The effects of different types of dyes, particle diameter of the adsorbent, dye concentration, pH of the solution and temperature on the best available adsorbent have been evaluated. The dynamics of adsorbate transport from bulk to the solid phase has been studied at different temperatures. The applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm suggests the formation of monolayer coverage of the dye molecules on outer surface of the adsorbent. The thermodynamics of dye-sand system indicates spontaneous and exothermic nature of the process. Various 7 thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. Keywords: Color Removal, Adsorption, Silica ? Balasubramanian, N. and Ahamed, A.J. (2000), Adsorption dynamics: Temperature effect on adsorption of lead(II) species onto lignite surface. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 77 (1), 11-13. Abstract: Among the various techniques, adsorption process is found suitable for the removal of lead(II) species from wastewater. The effect of temperature on the adsorption characteristics of lead(II) by lignite is discussed. The various models, such as Lagergren and Weber-Morris are tested and the results are interpreted. Keywords: Wollastonite, Removal, Lead ? Jain, A.K., Gupta, V.K., Bhatnagar, A., Jain, S. and Suhas, (2003), A comparative assessment of adsorbents prepared from industrial wastes for the removal of cationic dye. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 80 (4), 267-270. Abstract: Carbon slurry waste from fertilizer plant and blast furnace slag, dust and sludge from steel plant have been investigated after some processing as adsorbents for the removal of Methylene blue dye. The results have indicated that the carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from carbon slurry waste of fertilizer industry has high porosity and much larger surface area (380 m2/g) as compared to other three adsorbents (4-28 m2/g). This has resulted in large adsorption of the dye (92 mg/g) on this adsorbent whereas the adsorption on the other three adsorbents is poor (2.1-6.4 mg/g). The adsorption of Methylene blue on carbonaceous adsorbent conforms to Langmuir model, and is a first order process and pore diffusion controlled. A comparison of its performance with standard activated charcoal sample shows that its efficiency is 45% as compared to standard sample and thus can be used as alternative in view of its low cost. Keywords: Water, Adsorption, Effluents, Lead(II), Sorption, Peat Banerjee, D., Mondal, B.C. and Das, A.K. (2003), Application of a chelating resin containing imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid in chromium speciation. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 80 (8), 769-772. Full Text: J\J Ind Che Soc80, 769.pdf Abstract: The work describes a procedure of preconcentration and separation of the two forms of chromium, viz. Cr-III and Cr-VI in. natural water by applying a solid phase extractor containing imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid moiety anchored by -N=N- to a polystyrene divinylbenzene (8%) matrix. The sorption capacity of Cr-III and Cr-VI on this resin was found to be 0.41 and 1.12 mmol g-1 at pH 6.0 and 1.0, respectively. The sorption of both the forms of chromium by the resin follows a second order rate law with rate constant values of 0.013 and 0.100 mmol-1 min-1 for Cr-III and Cr-VI respectively. The recovery of both the forms of the chromium was quantitative by using 4 M HCl at a flow rate 1.0 ml min-1. The proposed. method has. been applied 8 successfully for the separation of chromium species present in ng ml-1 level in natural water sample. Keywords: Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Sea-Water, Chemical Speciation, Organic Materials, Natural-Waters, River Water, Preconcentration, Separation, Sorption, Cr(III) ? Kassim, A., Joseph, C.G., Zainal, Z., Hussein, M.Z., Haron, M.J. and Abdullah, A.H. (2004), Activated carbons prepared from oil palm shells: Application for column separation of heavy metals. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 81 (11), 946-949. Full Text: 2004\J Ind Che Soc81, 946.pdf Abstract: Physically and chemically activated carbons from oil palm shell, which is an agro-industrial waste, were prepared using CO2, H3PO4, K3PO4 and KOH. A horizontal Carbolite Tubular Electric Furnace at a constant temperature of 500degrees for 4 h was used for pyrolysing and activating the oil palm shells in inert atmosphere. The activated carbons were ground into 500-1000 mum sizes prior to the packing. Separation of a mixture of 3 heavy metal ions, that is, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Fe3+ metal ions were carried out successfully. Two commercial activated carbons, AC 4050 and AC 7080, were used for comparative study. Comparisons of adsorption capacity at different pH and column chromatography studies were carried out in this study. Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Agricultural By-Products, Aqueous-Solution, Capacity, Carbons, Chromium, CO2, Fe3+, H3PO4, Heavy Metal, Heavy Metal Ions, Heavy Metals, Lignocellulosic Materials, Metal Ions, Metals, Oil Palm Shell, Palm Shell, Pb2+, pH, Phosphoric-Acid, Separation, Temperature, Zn2+ ? Inbaraj, B.S. and Sulochana, N. (2005), Kinetic and isotherm analyses for adsorption of a triphenylmethane dye onto jackfruit peel carbon. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 82 (3), 232-235. Full Text: J Ind Che Soc82, 232 Abstract: A carbon adsorbent derived from jackfruit peel was used for the removal of a triphenylmethane dye, malachite green dye, from aqueous solution. Kinetic and isotherm data were modeled with various kinetic (Lagergren’s pseudo-first order, Ritchie second order and modified Ritchie second order equations) and isotherm (Freundlich, Langmuir, Redlich -Peterson and Sips equations) model equations and the results obtained were suitably interpreted. The kinetic results were also fitted with the Weber-Morris model to test the role of diffusion and identify different stages of adsorption. Keywords: Aqueous-Solutions, Activated Carbon, Removal, Acid, Equilibrium, Adsorbent, Sorbent, Cadmium, Metal, Ions 9 ? Bhat, S.C., Goswami, S., Palchoudhuri, S., Manna, B.R. and Ghosh, U.C. (2005), Synthetic hydrous titanium(IV) oxide (HTO): Adsorptive removal of lead(II) from the contaminated industrial waste water. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 82 (7), 632-636. Full Text: J Ind Che Soc82, 632 Abstract: The present study reports a systematic ad sorption of lead(II) onto hydrated titanium(IV) oxide (HTO) from the aqueous solutions at 30 (±3) C by batch and column methods. The particle size of HTO used is in the range 140 to 290 m. Effect of pH, contact time for kinetics, adsorption isotherm etc. and breakthrough with influent lead(II) concentration, flow rate and bed depth variations studies are reported by batch and column methods, respectively. The optimum pH range found for maximum lead(II) sorption is 5.0 to 6.0. The adsorption data fit the tested adsorption isotherms in the following order: Langmuir>Freundlich>Temkin. Three kinetic models viz. the power function, the simple Elovich and the pseudo second-order are tested for fitting the experimental equilibrium data. Both the power function and the simple Elovich equations are found to fit best at lower adsorbate concentrations. No remarkable influence was found on adsorption of lead(II) by the cations and anions tested. 0.5 M HNO3 was found to be an efficient agent, which could desorb 90.0 to 92.0% of the adsorbed lead(II) from the saturated adsorbent. Column adsorption method has been applied to contaminated waste water sample of Exide India Limited (EIL) at Shyamnagar, North 24-Pargans, W.B., India. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Anions, Aqueous Solutions, Batch, Breakthrough, Column, Concentration, Contact, Data, Elovich, Equilibrium, Experimental, Flow, Flow Rate, Function, HNO3, India, Influence, Isotherm, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Lead(II), Methods, Models, North, Oxide, Particle Size, pH, Power, Pseudo, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Size, Solutions, Sorption, Waste, Waste Water, Water ? Inbaraj, B.S., Sridharan, R., Nandhakumar, V. and Sulochana, N. (2006), Sorption of mercury(II) by an adsorbent derived from fruit shell of Terminalia catappa. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 83 (5), 446-452. Full Text: J Ind Che Soc83, 446 Abstract: A carbon sorbent derived from the fruit shell of Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) by sulphuric acid treatment was used for the removal of mercury(II) from aqueous solution. Maximum uptake occurred in the pH range of 5 to 6. The kinetics of sorption conformed. well to modified second order model among the other kinetic models (pseudo first order,and pseudo second order) tested. The Langmuir isotherm defined the equilibrium data more precisely compared to Freundlich isotherm and the monolayer sorption capacity determined was 94.43 mg g-1 at pH 5.0 and at room 10 temperature (305 K). Sorption capacity increased with increase in temperature and the thermodynamic parameters, H, S and G, indicated the Hg-II sorption to be endothermic and spontaneous with a greater affinity of Hg-II species for the sorbent. About 60% of Hg-II was recovered from the spent carbon at pH 1.0, while 94% was desorbed using 1.0% KI solution. Keywords: Adsorption, Terminalia Catappa, Mercury(II), Kinetics, Isotherms, Aqueous-Solution, Carbonaceous Sorbent, Activated Carbon, Flax Shive, Basic Dye, Adsorption, Removal, Equilibrium, Kinetics, Cadmium ? Bantrjee, D. and Das, A.K. (2006), Application of xanthine functionalized resin in speciation of chromium in natural water. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 83 (5), 479-484. Full Text: J Ind Che Soc83, 479 Abstract: Separation and preconcentration of two forms of chromium viz. Cr-III and Cr-VI in natural water was carried out applying a resin containing xanthine moiety anchored onto polystyrene-divinylbenzene (8%) by azo (-N=N-) function. The maximum exchange capacity of Cr-III was found to be 0.6718 mmol g-1 at pH 6.5 and that for Cr-VI was 1.1324 mmol g-1 at pH 1.0. The sorption of both Cr-III and Cr-VI onto resin follows a second order kinetics with rate constant values of 0.047 and 0.410 mmol-1 min-1 for Cr-III and Cr-VI respectively. The two species Cr-III and Cr-VI are eluted completely by 3 M and 4 M HCl respectively. The detection limits of 4.3 and 5.1 ng ml-1. for Cr-III and Cr-VI were achieved. The optimum flow rate, sample breakthrough volume or column operation for. Cr-III and Cr-VI species were found to be 1.2 ml min-1 and 3000 ml respectively. Finally the developed method using this resin was applied for determination of these two species in synthetic binary mixtures, natural water samples and, validated comparing with results using previously developed method. Keywords: Solid Phase Extraction, Chelating Resin, Xanthine, Chromium(III) And (VI), Atomic-Absorption-Spectrometry, Sea-Water, Chemical Speciation, Organic Materials, Chelating Resin, River Water, Preconcentration, Separation, Acid, Sorption ? Sarkar, M., Sarkar, A.R. and Goswami, J.L. (2006), Removal of some toxic metal ions from water in a batch process using laterite. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 83 (12), 1248-1252. Abstract: The; potential use of laterite for the removal of some toxic metal ions viz. Cu-II, Zn-II, Ni-II and Fe-II from aqueous solution was investigated. The equilibrium was found to attain within two hours. At equilibrium the adsorption capacity was determined to be 73.6, 85.7, 44.6 and 90.5 pmol g-1 respectively for Cu-II, Zn-II, Ni-II and Fe-II with particle size of 300 mm, dose of 1.0 g, agitation speed of 400 rpm and 303 K. The applicability of the process was determined by 11 equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm parameters. The interference and tolerance limit of different foreign ions on metal ions removal was evaluated-The removal efficiency >70% was obtained in spiked as well as bulk samples. The process was found to be efficient, easy and cost effective. Laterite as an adsorbent can be recommended as an alternative to active carbon for metal ions removal. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Batch Process, Equilibrium, Isotherm, Kinetic, Laterite, Metal Ions, Recovery, Sorption ? Sreedhar, M.K., Anirudhan, T.S., Smitha, N.S. and Nair, D.S. (2007), Polymerized latik for retrieval of lead(II) from aqueous systems. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 84 (8), 770-773. Full Text: J Ind Che Soc84, 770 Abstract: Latik, a solid residue obtained from vergin coconut oil processing industries was used as a precursor to produce formaldehyde Polymerized latik beariug sulphonic acid functional group for retrieval of Pb-II from aqueous systems. The adsorptive potential of the adsorbent for Pb-II from aqueous solution was exam hied by the batch techniques. The parameters affecting Pb-II adsorption like concentration, agitation time, pH, sorbent dose and temperature were studied to establish optimum conditions for maximum adsorption. The surface modified latik adsorbs 95.7% Pb-II from an aqueous solution of 50 mu mol dm-3 concentration at 303 K. Different reagents were tested for extracting Pb-I from.,spent adsorbent and high extraction efficiency was obtained with 0.2 M HCl solution. Keywords: Polymerized Latik, Adsorption, Lead(II) Removal, Adsorption, Sorption, Removal, Water ? Jaiswal, A. and Chattopadhyaya, M.C. (2009), Studies of kinetics and isotherm effect on Brilliant Green dye with activated carbon. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 86 (12), 1315-1319. Full Text: J Ind Che Soc86, 1315.pdf Abstract: Activated carbon prepared from low cost coconut fiber has been utilized as the adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution. A basic dye, Brilliant Green has been used as the adsorbate. Experiments were conducted at different initial concentration, different adsorbent dose, temperature, pH and different contact time. The most effective removal of color was at pH 7 and the percentage removal increased with the increase in carbon dose, while the percentage removal decreased with increasing initial dye concentration. The adsorption data best fitted with Langmuir than Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic study was also undertaken and it was found that the interaction follows the pseudo-second order than pseudo-first order. Thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dose, Adsorption, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Basic Dye, Basic Dyes, Brilliant Green Dye, Carbon, Coconut 12 Fiber, Concentration, Cost, Data, Dye, Dyes, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Interaction, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Study, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Low Cost, pH, Pith, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Solution, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters ? Andrabi, S.M.A. and Aziz, S. (2010), A study of kinetics of adsorption of lead and nickel ions on the sawdust of Cordia africana. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 87 (8), 963-966. Full Text: J Ind Che Soc87, 963.pdf Abstract: The kinetics of adsorption of lead and nickel ions on the sawdust of Cordia africana (lam tree) was studied at room temperature and rate constant of adsorption was determined. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were used to analyze the adsorption data. The results indicate that adsorption of lead and nickel ions on the sawdust of lam tree follow pseudo-first order kinetics. The intraparticle diffusion constants were calculated and it was found that intraparticle diffusion may be the only rate controlling step. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Cd(II), Cordia Africana, Data, Diffusion, Heavy-Metals, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetics, Kinetics of Adsorption, Lead, Models, Nickel, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First Order, Pseudo-First Order And Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Rate Constant, Removal, Room Temperature, Sawdust, Sorption, Temperature, Waste-Water ? Kobiraj, R., Nadeem, U. and Chattopadhyaya, M.C. (2011), Removal of copper from aqueous solution using eggshell as an adsorbent. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 88 (6), 819-825. Full Text: 2011\J Ind Che Soc88, 819.pdf Abstract: Hen eggshell powder has been found to be a potential adsorbent for the removal of copper from aqueous medium. A detailed adsorption study of Cu(II) on eggshell powder was investigated. Batch adsorption study was carried out as a function of solute concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature. The experimental data were analysed using Langmuir and. Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that these two isotherm models fitted well. pH variation study revealed that the adsorption increased with the increase in pH of the solution. Maximum uptake of Cu(II) from the solution by the eggshell was found to be 51.67 mg g-1 at 6 mg L-1 of initial Cu(II) concentration. Adsorption data were analyzed using kinetic models, Lagergren’s first order and pseudo second order. It was observed that pseudo second order represented the best correlation. Thermodynamic study revealed that the sorption of Cu(II) by hen eggshell powder is an endothermic 13 process showing increase in sorption at higher temperatures. The negative values of standard free energy (ΔGº) indicate the spontaneity of the sorption process. The present investigation emphasizes that eggshell powder may be utilized as an efficient material for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Cadmium, Calcite, Copper, Cu(II), Eggshell, Fines, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Freundlich Isotherms, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherms, Limestone, pH, Removal, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Uptake 14 Title: Journal of the Indian Institute of Science Full Journal Title: Journal of the Indian Institute of Science ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Indian Inst. Sci. JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Jamode, A.V., Sapkal, V.S. and Jamode, V.S. (2004), Defluoridation of water using inexpensive adsorbents. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 84 (??), 163-171. Full Text: 2004\J Ind Ins Sci84, 163.pdf Abstract: The study assesses the suitability of inexpensive leaf adsorbents to effectively remediate fluoride-contaminated water. The efficiency of the sorption of fluoride ion is affected by pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, type and size of adsorbents and initial fluoride ion concentration. The adsorption equilibrium is well correlated by Freundlich and Langmuir models. Treated leaf powder was studied at various pHs (2, 4, 6 and 8) with a series of aqueous solutions containing 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 mg F–/l. At the highest F- ion concentration (15 mg/l), the F– ion level in the effluent gradually decreased to 0 mg/l within 180 min at 29±0.5°C when the dose of adsorbent is 10 g/l in a sample of 50 ml volume. With lower F– ion concentrations (2 mg/l) in the feed solutions the fluoride ion concentration steadily decreased reaching 0 mg/l after 150 min. Langmuir isotherm fits well for defluoridation of water using leaf powder. Keywords: Fluoride Ion, Adsorption, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm. 15 Title: Journal of Indian Water Works Association Full Journal Title: Journal of Indian Water Works Association ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Rao, M. and Bhole, A.G. (2001), Chromium removal by adsorption using fly ash and bagasse. Journal of Indian Water Works Association, XXXIII, 97-100. 16 Title: Journal of Industrial Ecology Full Journal Title: Journal of Industrial Ecology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor Ayres, R. (1997), The life-cycle of chlorine, Part I Chlorine production and the chlorine-mercury connection. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1 (1), 81-94. Kleijn, R., Tukker, A. and van der Voet, E. (1997), Chlorine in the Netherlands, Part I, An overview. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1 (1), 95-116. Ayres, R. and Ayres, L.W. (1997), The life cycle of chlorine, Part II Conversion processes and use in the European chmical industry. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1 (2), 65-89. Tukker, A., Kleijn, R., van der Voet, E. and Smeets, E.R.W. (1997), Chlorine in the Netherlands, Part II Risk management in uncertainty for chlorine. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1 (2), 91-110. Chang, D. and Allen, D.T. (1997), Minimizing chlorine use: Assessing the trade-offs between cost and chlorine rteduction in chemical manufacturing. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1 (2), 111-133. Tukker, A., Kleijn, R., van Oers, L. and Smeets, E.R.W. (1997), Combining SFA and LCA. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1 (4), 93-116. Ayres, R.U. (1997), The life cycle of chloeine, Part III Accounting for final use. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2 (1), 93-115. Peereboom, E.C., Kleijn, R., Lemkowitz, S. and Lundie, S. (1997), Influence of inventory data sets on life-cycle assessment results: A case study on PVC. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2 (3), 109-148. 17 Title: Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Ind. Eng. Chem. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Ind Eng Chem ISSN: 1226-086X Issues/Year: 6 Journal Country/Territory: South Korea Language: English Publisher: Korean Soc Industrial Engineering Chemistry Publisher Address: A-803 Twin Bldg, 275-3, Yangjae-Dong, Seocho-Ku, Seoul 137-130, South Korea Subject Categories: Chemistry, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 1.252 (2003); Impact Factor 1.290, 43/125 (2004); Impact Factor 1.176, 50/125 (2005); Impact Factor 1.752, 50/140 (2009) Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 1.252 (2003); Impact Factor 1.290, 26/116 (2004); Impact Factor 1.176, 35/116 (2005); Impact Factor 1.752, 37/128 (2009) Cho, S.Y. (1995), Adsorption of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on two different-type adsorbents. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 1 (1), 1-5. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che1, 1.pdf Kang, C.D., Sim, S.J. and Kim, W.S. (2002), Continuous removal of copper from wastewater by the process consisting of ferric, limestone coagulation, polymer flocculation, and lamellar sedimentation. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 8 (4), 328-333. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che8, 328.pdf Abstract: Removal of copper from wastewater by ferric, limestone coagulation and polymer flocculation followed by lamellar sedimentation was studied at laboratory scale. From jar test experiments. the optimum dosages of inorganic coagulant and polymer flocculant were Fe(III) 50 mg, L and 0.1% SA 407 Solution 0.5 similar to 1.0 mL, L, respectively. A novel process was developed for continuous copper removal. in which a limestone aeration bed. a rapid-mixing tank, a slow-mixing tank, and a sedimentation tank with lamellae were applied systematically. In the limestone aeration bed alkalization and coprecipitation of copper ion with Fe(III) were performed cocurrently. Flocculation of the ferric hydroxide, copper aggregates was performed efficiently with a minute quantity of the polymer flocculant in the mixing tank. The flocs were settled down in the sedimentation tank with lamellae and were separated from treatment water. The pH was maintained around 7.6 during the whole process and the performance results of the process showed copper removal efficiency 18 over 99%. Copper removal efficiency was dependent on hydraulic retention time (HRT) and especially the HRT in the limestone aeration bed was a limiting factor. Keywords: Coagulation, Copper, Copper Wastewater, Ferric Chloride, Heavy-Metals, Limestone, Removal, Sedimentation, Wastewater, Water Chu, K.H. and Hashim, M.A. (2003), Kinetic studies of copper(II) and nickel(II) adsorption by oil palm ash. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 9 (2), 163-167. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che9, 163.pdf Abstract: This paper presents a surface reaction rate model that can be used to describe the batch adsorption of metal ions onto unconventional adsorbent materials. Kinetic data of Cu(II) and Ni(II) adsorption on oil palm ash were compared with predictions of the theoretical model following determination of its parameters from small-scale experiments. In all cases studied it was possible to obtain excellent agreement between the experimental data and predicted results throughout the whole time course of adsorption. The apparent success of the model in accounting for experimental observations suggests that it can be used for the design and optimization of stirred batch adsorption systems. Keywords: Adsorption, Ash, Knetics, Metal Ions, Modeling, Industrial Waste-Water, Bagasse Fly-Ash, Cement Fixation, Heavy-Metals, Removal, Sorbents Lee, M.G., Cheon, J.K. and Kam, S.K. (2003), Heavy metal adsorption characteristics of zeolite synthesized from fly ash. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 9 (2), 174-180. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che9, 174.pdf Abstract: Heavy metal adsorption by zeolite synthesized from fly ash was investigated. Approximately 90% of the lead and copper ions originally present in the solution were adsorbed onto the adsorbent within about 30 min after the start of the adsorption and an equilibrium was reached within 2 h. The favorable pH region was from 5 to 6. The maximum adsorption capacities obtained using the Langmuir model were about 1.29 mmole/g for lead and 1.16 mmole/g for copper. The capacity for lead removal by the synthesized zeolite was dependent on the ligand type and concentration. In a binary adsorption system, the influence of copper ions on the lead ion adsorption was small, yet the copper ion adsorption was significantly decreased when lead ions were present. Keywords: Fly Ash, Zeolite, Synthetic Zeolite, Lead, Copper, Heavy Metal, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Removal, Accumulation, Products, Soils, Ions Kim, S.K., Park, C.B., Koo, Y.M. and Yun, H.S. (2003), Biosorption of cadmium and copper ions by Trichoderma reesei RUT C30. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 9 (4), 403-406. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che9, 403.pdf 19 Abstract: The heavy metal adsorption and desorption characteristics of Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 were investigated. The fungal cells were prepared for metal adsorption by NaOH treatment, and the concentrations of cadmium and copper ions were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The desorption capabilities of HNO3, HCl, CH3COOH, ddH2O, NE4OH, NaOH, and NaCl were also examined. The acidic desorbents removed more than 90% of the loaded cadmium from the cells. A higher fraction of the cadmium ion than the copper ion was recovered by desorption. At a very low pH (pH 1-2), the adsorption of heavy metals decreased, and the cells could be reused after desorption and NaOH treatment. Keywords: Biosorption, Heavy Metal, Trichoderma Reesei, Cadmium, Copper, Rhizopus-Arrhizus Biomass, Aspergillus-Niger, Waste-Water, Heavy-Metals, Removal, Adsorption, Adsorbent, Algae Lim, H., Kim, S., Lee, S.M., Byun, J., Ryoo, S., Lee, Y.S. and Yoon, J. (2003), Removal of two reactive dyes by quaternized sawdust. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 9 (4), 433-439. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che9, 433.pdf Abstract: Quaternized sawdust modified with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC) was evaluated for its ability to remove two reactive dyes (Reactive Blue 19 & Reactive Red 4) from aqueous solution. The adsorption capacities of Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Red 4 on quaternized sawdust were approximately five and sixteen times higher than that of activated carbon (F-400), respectively. Moreover, adsorption on quaternized sawdust was hardly affected by salt concentration. It was also found that the degree of sawdust quaternization has a good linear relationship with the maximum adsorption capacity. This indicates that the electrostatic interaction between anionic sites in reactive dyes and quaternized cationic sites in sawdust is of primary importance in terms of the adsorption characteristics of the two reactive dyes. However, the desorption test of dyes adsorbed on quaternized sawdust showed poor performance in NaOH and NaCl solution, suggesting additional undefined binding forces Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aspen Wood Meal, Bagasse, Cationization, Color, Dyes, Electrostatic Interaction, Epichlorohydrin-Cellulose Polymer, Exchangers, Lignocellulose Materials, Quarternary Ammonium Groups, Quaternized Sawdust, Reactive Blue 19, Reactive Red 4, Sawdust, Wastewaters ? Kim, S.S. and Lee, K.M. (2004), Determination and characteristic interpretation of color-causing materials in the coke plant wastewater. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 10 (1), 52-59. Full Text: 2004\J Ind Eng Che10, 52.pdf Abstract: This research was carried out to identify color-causing materials in the coke plant wastewater and to suggest a method to remove color from the coke wastewater 20 treatment plant. For this purpose, coke wastewater treatment process in P company was investigated. The highest difference in color intensity between apparent and true color was observed in ammonia (24%), and the lowest in ammonia washer (7%). Removal efficiency of apparent and true color measured in the secondary clarifier effluent was 38 and 34%, respectively. Color caused by colloidal particles of which size was larger than 0.45 mum and humin was negligible. Maximum and minimum contribution of humic acid in causing F color and other soluble organic materials in causing P color were 23, 24 and 79, 61%, respectively. Maximum and minimum contribution of tannin and lignin in causing P” color were 88 and 79%, respectively. Thus, tannin and lignin are important materials in causing P” color in P” color. Organic materials with molecular weight ranging from 5000 to 1000 were detected in the equalization tank effluent, while those with molecular weight ranging from 2500, 800 and 400 were detected in the secondary clarifier effluent. Keywords: Coal-Gasification, Coke Plant Wastewater, Color-Causing Material, Humic Substance, Julvic Acid Kim, T.Y., Kim, S.J., Yang, J.H. and Cho, S.Y. (2004), Environmentally friendly separation of heavy-metal ions onto porous chitosan beads. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 10 (2), 201-207. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che10, 201.pdf Abstract: Chitin and chitosan, which are found in crustacea, mollusca, and fungus, are natural polymers. The average molecular weight and the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan used were found to be 8.2105 and 85%, respectively. The chitosan solution was prepared by dissolving chitosan powder into a 2 wt% aqueous acetic acid solution. Sodium hydroxide solution was used as a gelation agent. Spherical chitosan beads for of fixed-bed experiments were made by the sol-gel method. Single-component isotherms Cu2+ and Cd2+ fit well with the Sips isotherm. The adsorption behavior in a fixed-bed was observed in terms of the flow rates for single-and binary-component systems. The adsorption affinity Of Cu2+ onto chitosan beads is larger than that of Cd2+ In the binary system, the breakthrough data of the lower-selectivity ion showed an excess concentration; the exit concentration is higher than the initial concentration at the inlet. Intraparticle diffusion is explained by the pore diffusion mechanism. Adsorption dynamics of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in a fixed- bed can be simulated by LDFA (linear driving force approximation). Keywords: Chitosan, Separation, Heavy-Metal Ions, Fixed Bed, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Batch Chu, G.Y., Kim, T.Y., Cho, S.Y., Kang, Y., Kim, S.D. and Kim, S.J. (2004), Adsorption characteristics of zinc-cyanide complexes by waste brewery biomass. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 10 (4), 551-557. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che10, 551.pdf 21 Abstract: In this work, the removal of zinc-cyanide complexes using dead cells of brewery yeast obtained from a beer brewery was studied. The particle size, surface area, and pore radius of the biomass used in this study were 0.075 similar to 0.150 mm, 1.79 m2/g, and 21.1 Angstrom, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm represented the equilibrium data for the zinc ion very well, and the adsorption capacity for zinc ions was 2.3 mg/g at pH 12. The adsorption rate increased upon increasing the biomass concentration, and a first-order kinetic model represented our experimental data very well. The peaks in the FT-IR spectra of the biosorbent used for zinc adsorption were substantially lower than those of the raw biosorbent. This change of peak size can be interpreted as the result of weakened bond structure of the biomass that is due to the reaction between the zinc ions and the functional groups of the biomass. Keywords: Biosorption, Yeast Biomass, Heavy Metal, Cyanide, Complex, Wastewater, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Recovery, Lead ? Mun, S.P. and Seo, G. (2004), Preparation of activated carbon from Pinus densiflora bark by ZnCl2 activation. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 10 (5), 728-732. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che10, 728.pdf Abstract: Pine (Pinus densiflora) bark activated with zinc chloride was prepared and characterized by the nitrogen adsorption method. The impregnated amount of zinc chloride on the pine bark and the activation temperature of the composite were important for the preparation of activated carbon having a high surface area. Large particles of bark led to a slight reduction in surface area of the prepared activated carbon. The impregnation of zinc chloride on the bark was effective in enhancing the BET surface area. The largest surface area (2280 m2, g) of an activated carbon was obtained through the activation of the bark with 200% zinc chloride impregnation at 450 degreesC for 2 h, but further increases in the impregnated amount, temperature, and time did not have any positive effects on increasing the surface area. The average radii of the activated carbons were mostly less than 20 Angstrom. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Chemical Activation, Pine (Pinus Densiflora) Bark, Zinc Chloride, Zinc-Chloride Activation ? Ho, Y.S. (2005), Adsorption characteristics of zinc-cyanide complexes by waste brewery biomass. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 11 (3), 478-479. Full Text: J\J Ind Eng Che11, 478.pdf Abstract: Citation errors and quotation errors occurr very frequently in scientific papers, but, the authors mostly ignore them. Chu and coworkers published a paper that had been previously evaluated and accepted for publication. This Comment offers information citing the original papers describing Lagergren’s pseudo-first-order and Ho’s pseudo-second-order-rate expressions. The pseudo-second-order model applies 22 to a range of solid-liquid systems, such as metal ions, dyestuffs, herbicides, oils, and organic substances in aqueous systems applied onto various sorbents. It is suggested that authors must not only be creative but also must be careful while writing up their results in order to publish that are more valuable and papers more worthy of reading. Keywords: Accuracy, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Authors, Biomass, Characteristics, Citation Error, Errors, Herbicides, Information, Ions, Journals, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Organic, Papers, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Publication, Quotation, Quotation Error, Quotation Errors, Reading, Removal, Sorbents, Sorption, Systems, Waste ? Ku, H.J., Ahn, B.J., Jeon, B.E. and Chang, W.H. (2005), Adsorption of chromate by cationic-surfactant-modified FAU and MCM-41 molecular sieves. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 11 (6), 841-846. Full Text: 2005\J Ind Eng Che11, 841.pdf Abstract: Adsorption of chromate anions was performed using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr)-modified FAU and MCM-41 molecular sieves. Because the CTA(+) ion is too large to enter into the internal surface of faujasite (FAU), the adsorption of the ammonium ion occurred only on the external surface. On the other hand, the pore sizes of MCM-41 are large enough to accommodate this cationic surfactant. These materials were characterized using XRD, TG, SEM, EDX, and nitrogen adsorption and desorption data. While the unmodified FAU and unmodified MCM-41 had no affinity for chromate anions, the surfactant-modified molecular sieves exhibited significantly enhanced efficiencies for the removal of the oxyanion from aqueous solution. The adsorption of chromate on the surfactant-modified molecular sieves seems to result from a combination of entropic, Coulombic, and hydrophobic effects. Keywords: Adsorption, Ammonium, Cationic Surfactant, Chromate, Chromate Adsorption, Complexes, Ctabr-Modified, Desorption, Fau, Ion, Materials, MCM-41, Nitrogen, Removal, SEM, Sorption, Surface, Surfactant, Technologies, XRD ? Hartono, S.B., Ismadji, S., Sudaryanto, Y. and Irawaty, W. (2005), Utilization of teak sawdust from the timber industry as a precursor of activated carbon for the removal of dyes from synthetic effluents. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 11 (6), 864-869. Full Text: 2005\J Ind Eng Che11, 864.pdf Abstract: Teak sawdust can be used as a precursor of an effective activated carbon. The carbon produced from teak sawdust under physical activation has a microporous and mesoporous structure with pore sizes ranging from 0.6 to 100 nm. This adsorbent was employed for dye removal from a synthetic effluent. Congo red, Rhodamine B, and Orange G were used as the adsorbates. Sips, Freundlich, and Langmuir equations, 23 which are generally used for heterogeneous adsorbents, were used to fit the experimental data. The Sips equation describes the experimental data well. Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Activated Carbons, Activation, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Biosorption, Blue, Carbon, Carbonization, Complex, Congo Red, Dye, Dye Removal, Dyes, Effluent, Freundlich, Langmuir, Liquid-Phase Adsorption, Reactive Dye, Red, Removal, Rhodamine B, Sawdust, Waste-Water ? Kim, S.H., Song, H., Nisola, G.M., Ahn, J., Galera, M.M., Lee, C.H. and Chung, W.J. (2006), Adsorption of lead(II) ions using surface-modified chitins. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 12 (3), 469-475. Full Text: 2006\J Ind Eng Che12, 469.pdf Abstract: To establish the feasibility of the removal of lead using chitin, adsorption characteristics were investigated at various temperatures and concentrations. The adsorption characteristics of chitin were analyzed by determining its adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic properties. The data gathered favor the Langmuir over the Freundlich model. The adsorption capacity of the surface-modified natural chitin for Pb(II) removal increased significantly when the adsorbent was treated using the xanthation method. The homogeneous surface diffusion model described the adsorption kinetic data well and can be used to predict the chitin performances; therefore, it could be helpful for design considerations. Under the steady-state reaction conditions, the change in Gibbs free energy (G) ranged from -19.03 to -21.50 kJ/mol, and the enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) changes were 16.54 kJ/mol and 0.124 kJ/mol/K, respectively; i.e., a higher temperature favors a spontaneous Pb(II) adsorption by chitin when using the xanthation method. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that the adsorption of lead on the adsorbents was spontaneous and endothermic. Application of the chitin modified with the xanthation method to the removal of Pb(II) metals from wastewater is expected to be economical and effective. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Equilibrium, Adsorption Kinetic, Arrhizus, Aspergillus-Niger, Cadmium, Capacity, Chitin, Design, Diffusion, Energy, Entropy, Equilibrium, Freundlich, Heavy-Metal Biosorption, Homogeneous, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead, Lead(II) Ion, Mechanism, Metals, Model, Modified, Natural, Pb(II), Phosphorylation, Predict, Properties, Reaction, Removal, Surface, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Properties, Wastewater, Water, Xanthation ? Shin, E.W., Cho, Y.K., Shin, H.Y., Lee, C.Y. and Chung, X.S. (2007), Ofthophosphate removal by Al-impregnated Juniperus monosperma adsorbents. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 13 (3), 414-419. Full Text: 2007\J Ind Eng Che13, 414.pdf Abstract: Aluminum(Al) was impregnated onto lignocellulosic materials (Juniperus 24 monosperma) to develop inorganic/organic hybrid adsorbents for removing orthophosphate from water. Surface modification of the bio-renewable materials by impregnation of an inorganic moiety extended the applicability from heavy metal removal to anion removal in water. Al components were loaded onto juniper wood, an organic substrate, under three different pH conditions (pH 3.0, 3.7, and 4.7) resulting in three Al-impregnated adsorbents, named Al/JW01, Al/JW02, and Al/JW03, respectively. Adsorption kinetic experiments, performed with a pH of 5.0±0.1 and an initial phosphorus, P, concentration of 10 ppm, demonstrated orthophosphate adsorption capacities of up to 0.0456 mmol P/g, which were nearly proportional to the Al loading amounts. The adsorption capacities of Al/JW02 and Al/JW03 acquired from the adsorption isotherm were 0.0943 and 0.132 mmol P/g, respectively, which are comparable to those of other inorganic adsorbents. The adsorption densities (0.302 mmol P/mmol Al for Al/JW02 and 0.291 mmol P/mmol Al for Al/JW03) suggest that the reaction between orthophosphate and Al was inner-sphere binding. The decrease in P uptake below pH 4 observed in the adsorption envelope was caused by the release of loaded Al from the adsorbents. Keywords: Al Impregnation, Juniperus Monosperma, Orthophosphate Removal, Waste-Water, Metal-Ions, Adsorption, Iron, Phosphorus, Sorption, Kinetics, Equilibrium, Improvement, Biosorbent ? Shin, E.W., Choi, H.S., Nguyen-Phan, T.D., Chung, J.S. and Kim, E.J. (2008), Interaction of Pb2+ ions with surfactant-containing mesoporous silicates. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 14 (4), 510-514. Full Text: 2008\J Ind Eng Che14, 510.pdf Abstract: In this study, the interaction between surfactant-containing mesoporous silicates and Pb2+ ions in water was investigated through adsorption tests and characterizations. The mesoporous silicates containing dodecylamine as the surfactant showed a Pb2+ adsorption capacity of 198.6 mg g-1, a value obtained from the fit of the adsorption isotherm to the Langmuir model. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the intensity of the main peak for the mesoporous silicates decreased after the adsorption test, implying that Pb2+ ions attached to dodecylamine. Scanning electron microscopy images of the adsorbent before and after Pb2+ adsorption indicated that there was no morphological change in the mesoporous silicate. When comparing FT-IR patterns for the adsorbent before and after Pb2+ adsorption, a new IR band was observed at 1394 cm-1 after Pb2+ adsorption, which proved that coordination bonding occurs between Pb2+ ions and amino groups in the surfactant. (C) 2008 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Interaction, Surfactant, Mesoporous Silicate, Lead, Heavy-Metal Ions, Molecular-Sieves, Waste-Water, Organic Pollutants, High-Capacity, Removal, 25 Adsorption, Adsorbents, Wastewaters, Monolayers ? Anirudhan, T.S. and Suchithra, P.S. (2010), Humic acid-immobilized polymer/bentonite composite as an adsorbent for the removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions and electroplating industry wastewater. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 16 (1), 130-139. Full Text: 2010\J Ind Eng Che16, 130.pdf Abstract: In this study, humic acid (HA) was immobilized onto amine-modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (Am-PAA-B) which was prepared by direct intercalation polymerization technique and the product (HA-Am-PAA-B) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The surface characteristics of bentonite, Am-PAA-B and HA-Am-PAA-B were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% Cu(II) ions’ removal was observed at the pH range 5.0-6.0. Kinetic and isotherm experiments showed that amount of Cu(II) ions adsorbed increases with increase of the initial concentration and temperature. The adsorption kinetic data were interpreted by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order rate equations. The suitability of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) adsorption models to the equilibrium data was investigated. The Langmuir isotherm was found to provide the best theoretical correlation of the experimental equilibrium data. The thermodynamic and kinetic activation parameters were derived to predict the nature of adsorption process and discussed in detail. The isosteric heat of adsorption was constant even after increase in surface loading. The removal efficiency of HA-Am-PAA-B was tested using electroplating industry wastewater. The desorption of adsorbed Cu(II) ions was achieved by 0.1 M HCl and four adsorption/desorption cycles were performed without significant decrease in the adsorption capacity. (C) 2010 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activation, Activation Parameters, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Characteristics, Adsorption Kinetic, Adsorption, Desorption, Aqueous Solutions, Ash, Bentonite, Capacity, Cation, Cation Exchanger, Characteristics, Composite, Concentration, Copper(II), Copper(II) Adsorption, Correlation, Cu(II), Cu(II) Ions, Data, Desorption, Efficiency, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Fiber, Freundlich, Heat Of Adsorption, Humic Acid, Immobilized, Ions, Isosteric Heat of Adsorption, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Loading, Models, Nickel(II), pH, Polymer, Clay Composite, Polymerization, Pseudo First Order, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Range, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Rights, Solutions, Sorption, Surface, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamics, Wastewater 26 ? Lee, H.W., Cho, H.J., Yim, J.H., Kim, J.M., Jeon, J.K., Sohn, J.M., Yoo, K.S., Kim, S.S. and Park, Y.K. (2011), Removal of Cu(II)-ion over amine-functionalized mesoporous silica materials. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 17 (3), 504-509. Full Text: 2011\J Ind Eng Che17, 504.pdf Abstract: The capability for the adsorption of Cu(II)-ion with mesoporous silica materials, such as MCM-41, SBA-15 and XPD-2412, after functionalizing with amine groups, such as aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), N(beta-aminoethyl) gamma-aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane (AEAPMDMS) and N’-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl) diethylenetriamine (TMSPDETA), was investigated in this study. N2 adsorption, XRD and elemental analysis methods were performed to gain an understanding of the structure and surface properties of the mesoporous silica materials. Of the absorbent materials, MCM-41, functionalized with APTES, showed the best activity for the adsorption of Cu(II)-ion. Compared with the mesoporous silica materials functionalized with APTES, those functionalized with AEAPMDMS and/or TMSPDETA showed lower adsorption capabilities, which may have been due to the locations of the amine groups. Most of the amine-organic domains were suggested should exist near the opening of channels or external surfaces. Furthermore, the rate of adsorption of Cu(II)-ions matched well with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. (C) 2011 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorption, Amine Functionalized, Cu(II)-Ion, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, MCM-41, Mesoporous Silica Materials, Removal, SBA-15, Silica, Sorption ? Blázquez, G., Martín-Lara, M.A., Dionisio-Ruiz, E., Tenorio, G. and Calero, M. (2011), Evaluation and comparison of the biosorption process of copper ions onto olive stone and pine bark. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 17 (5-6), 824-833. Full Text: 2011\J Ind Eng Che17, 824.pdf Abstract: Olive stone (OS) and pine bark (PB) were used as effective biosorbents for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The biosorbents were characterized by elemental analysis, potentiometric titrations, surface area and pore size distribution and FTIR analyses. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of pH, particle size, biosorbent dosage, contact time and initial copper concentration. Equilibrium data agreed well with Langmuir isotherm. The kinetics data fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model with correlation coefficient greater than 0.99. Finally, dynamic biosorption studies were carried out using a packed bed column and the main column parameters were determined. (C) 2011 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 27 Keywords: Adsorption, Agroindustrial Wastes, Aqueous-Solution, Batch, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Cadmium(II), Concentration, Copper, Cu(II), Equilibrium, Equilibrium, FTIR, Heavy-Metal Removal, Isotherm, Kinetics, Kinetics Packed-Bed Column, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Lead Ions, Pb, Pb(II), pH, Waste-Water ? Basu, T. and Ghosh, U.C. (2011), Arsenic(III) removal performances in the absence/presence of groundwater occurring ions of agglomerated Fe(III)-Al(III) mixed oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 17 (5-6), 834-844. Full Text: 2011\J Ind Eng Che17, 834.pdf Abstract: Performances of As(III) adsorption by agglomerated nanoparticles of calcined (250ºC) hydrous Fe(III)-Al(III) mixed oxide (NHIAO-250ºC) were investigated at 30ºC and pH 7.0 in the absence/presence of background ions occurring in groundwater. Kinetics and equilibrium data described, respectively, the pseudo-second order and the Langmuir isotherm equations well. Higher (15-35%) monolayer capacity (58.30±3.15 mg g-1) of As(III) system in absence of any background ions implied the adverse influence of the incorporated ions over As(III) sorption. Increased entropy (positive ΔSº) was responsible for the endothermic reactions (positive ΔHº) and spontaneous nature (ΔGº = negative). Thomas model described the fixed-bed breakthrough curves of As(III) removal from spiked groundwater well. (C) 2011 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Activated Alumina, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Arsenic(III), As(III) Adsorption, Breakthrough, Co-Occurring Ions, Coated Cement Iocc, Contaminated Water, Entropy, Equilibrium, Fixed-Bed Performance, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Nano-Iron(III)-Aluminium(III) Oxide, Nanoscale Iron Particles, Natural-Water, pH, Sorption, Thomas Model 28 Title: Journal of Industrial Microbiology Full Journal Title: Journal of Industrial Microbiology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0169-4146 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Governal, R.A., Yahya, M.T., Gerba, C.P. and Shadman, F. (1991), Oligotrophic bacteria in ultra-pure water-systems-Media selection and process component evaluations. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 8 (4), 223-227. Abstract: Presently, tryptic soy agar (TSA) medium is used in the semiconductor industry to determine the concentration of viable oligotrophic bacteria in ultra-pure water systems. Deionized water from an ultra-pure water pilot plant was evaluated for bacterial growth at specific locations, using a non-selective medium (R2A) designed to detect injured heterotrophic as well as oligotrophic bacteria. Results were compared to those obtained using Tryptic Soy Agar. Statistically greater numbers of bacteria were observed when R2A was used as the growth medium. Total viable bacterial numbers were compared both before and after each treatment step of the recirculating loop to determine their effectiveness in removing bacteria. The reduction in bacterial numbers for the reverse osmosis unit, the ion exchange bed, and the ultraviolet sterilizer were 97.4%, 31.3%, and 72.8%, respectively, using TSA medium, and 98.4%, 78.4%, and 35.8% using R2A medium. The number of viable bacteria increased by 60.7% based on TSA medium and 15.7% based on R2A medium after passage of the water through an in-line 0.2-mu-m pore size nylon filter, probably because of the growth of bacteria on the filter. Our results suggest that R2A medium may give a better representation of the microbial water quality in ultra-pure water systems and therefore a better idea of the effectiveness of the various treatment processes in the control of bacteria. Keywords: Deionized Water, Ultra-Pure Water, Ozone, Ultra-Violet Sterilization, Oligotroph, Bacteria, R2A Medium ? Brahimi-Horn, M.C., Lim, K.K., Liany, S.L. and Mou, D.G. (1992), Binding of textile azo dyes by Myrothecium verrucaria. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 10 (1), 29 31-36. Abstract: A strain of Myrothecium verrucaria that showed a high capacity for rapid decolorization of textile dye solutions was isolated from soil. As much as 70%, 86%, and 95% of Orange II, 10B (blue) and RS (red) dyes (color index no. 15510, 20470, 23635), respectively, were adsorbed from solutions of approximately 0.2 g dye per liter in 5 h by approximately 4.5 g dry weight of cells per liter of dye solution. Intact cells showed a higher adsorption capacity than disrupted cells for Orange II and RS but not for 10B. Dye bound to cells was recoverable by extraction with methanol and methanol-treated cells were able to be recycled, albeit with a slightly diminished dye-binding capacity. The Tween detergents were shown to reduce dye adsorption. Dyes strongly bound to the fungal biomass required sonication in dH2O or in Triton X-100 or extraction with methanol for their removal, These results suggest that hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions are important in dye binding. Keywords: Myrothecium, Textile Dye, Azo Dyes, Waste-Water, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Degradation ? Tobin, J.M., White, C. and Gadd, G.M. (1994), Metal accumulation by fungi: Applications in environmental biotechnology. Journal of Industrial Microbiology, 13 (2), 126-130. Abstract: Fungi can accumulate metal and radionuclide species by physico-chemical and biological mechanisms including extracellular binding by metabolites and biopolymers, binding to specific polypeptides and metabolism-dependent accumulation. Biosorptive processes appear to have the most potential for environmental biotechnology. ‘Biosorption’ consists of accumulation by predominantly metabolism-independent interactions, such as adsorptive or ion-exchange processes: the biosorptive capacity of the biomass can be manipulated by a range of physical and chemical treatments. Immobilized biomass retains biosorptive properties and possesses a number of advantages for process applications. Native or immobilized biomass can be used in fixed-bed, air-lift or fluidized bed bioreactors; biosorbed metal/radionuclide species can be removed for reclamation and the biomass regenerated by simple chemical treatments. Keywords: Fungi, Toxic Metals, Biosorption, Pollution Treatment, Immobilized Biosorbent, Rhizopus-arrhizus Biomass, Acid Process Streams, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Heavy-Metal, Immobilized Biomass, Biological-Systems, Adsorption, Recovery, Uranium, Biosorption 30 Title: Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology Full Journal Title: Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1367-5435 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Springer Verlag Publisher Address: 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010 Subject Categories: Chen, K.C., Huang, W.T., Wu, J.Y. and Houng, J.Y. (1999), Microbial decolorization of azo dyes by Proteus mirabilis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 23 (1), 686-690. Full Text: J\J Ind Mic Bio23, 686.pdf Abstract: A bacterium identified as Proteus mirabilis was isolated from acclimated sludge from a dyeing wastewater treatment plant. This strain rapidly decolorized a deep red azo dye solution (RED RBN). Features of the decolorizing process related to biodegradation and biosorption were also studied. Although P. mirabilis displayed good growth in shake culture, color removal was best in anoxic static cultures. For color removal, the optimal pH and temperature were 6.5-7.5 and 30-35ºC, respectively. The organism exhibited a remarkable color removal capability, even at a high concentration of azo dye. More than 95% of azo dye was reduced within 20 h at a dye concentration of 1.0 g L-1. Decolorization appears to proceed primarily by enzymatic reduction associated with a minor portion, 13-17%, of biosorption to inactivated microbial cells. Keywords: Azo Dyes, Biodegradation, Biosorption, Enzymatic Reduction, Proteus mirabilis López, A., Lázaro, N., Priego, J.M. and Marqués, A.M. (2000), Effect of pH on the biosorption of nickel and other heavy metals by Pseudomonas fluorescens 4F39. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 24 (2), 146-151. Full Text: J\J Ind Mic Bio24, 146.pdf Abstract: Accumulation of heavy metals by Pseudomonas fluorescens 4F39 was rapid and pH-dependent. The affinity series for bacterial accumulation of metal cations decreased in the order Ni>>Hg>U>>As>Cu>Cd>Co>Cr>Pb. Metal cations were grouped into those whose accumulation increased as the pH increased, with a maximum accumulation at the pH before precipitation (Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co), and 31 those whose maximum accumulation was not associated with precipitation (Cr, As, U, Hg). High Ni2+ accumulation was studied. Electron microscopy indicated that at pH 9, Ni2+ accumulated on the cell surface as needle and hexagon-like precipitates, whose crystalline structure was confirmed by electron diffraction analysis and corresponded to two different orientations of the nickel hydroxide crystals. Crystals on cells showed marked anisotropy by X-ray powder diffraction, which differentiated them from crystals observed in nickel solution at pH 10 and 11 and from commercial nickel hydroxide. Nickel biosorption by Pseudomonas fluorescens 4F39 was a microprecipitation consequence of an ion exchange. Keywords: Nickel, Heavy Metals, Biosorption, pH, Accumulation Costley, S.C. and Wallis, F.M. (2000), Effect of flow rate on heavy metal accumulation by rotating biological contactor (RBC) biofilms. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 24 (4), 244-250. Full Text: J\J Ind Mic Bio24, 244.pdf Abstract: Immobilized biofilms are effective in heavy metal removal. The current studies investigated the use of rotating biological contactor (RBC) biofilms in treatment of a wastewater containing cadmium, copper and zinc, each at a concentration of 100 mg L-1. In particular, the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on metal accumulation was studied. Longer HRTs (>12 h) were associated with greater metal removal than short HRTs, particularly with regard to cadmium and zinc. The system was also shown to operate successfully over an extended period of time, at an HRT of 24 h, with removal efficiencies of approximately 34%, 85% and 57% for Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ respectively after 5-8 weeks contact. Keywords: Biofilms, Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC), Heavy Metals, Flow Rates, Biosorption, Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) Philip, L., Iyengar, L. and Venkobachar, C. (2000), Biosorption of U, La, Pr, Nd, Eu and Dy by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 25 (1), 1-7. Full Text: J\J Ind Mic Bio25, 1.pdf Abstract: Kinetic studies with Pseudomonas aeruginosa using actinides and lanthanides indicated a two-phase metal uptake. Equilibrium uptake data of all the metals studied could be fitted to Langmuir as well as Freundlich models. The Scatchard plots showed that there were mainly two types of receptor sites on the cell walls of P. aeruginosa having different affinities for the metal ions. EDAX studies revealed replacement of calcium and magnesium ions from biomass by sorbed metal. Around 85% of the adsorbed metal could be released using citrate buffer (pH 4.0, 0.2 M). Metal desorption was as high as 95% with HCl. Continuous flow studies using P. aeruginosa immobilized on activated alumina gave 80% enhancement of lanthanum removal efficiency compared to the control column. Regeneration of the column 32 resulted in 80% of its initial capacity in succeeding cycles. Keywords: Biosorption, Rare Earths, Desorption, Immobilized Microbial Reactor Juhasz, A.L., Smith, E., Smith, J. and Naidu, R. (2002), Biosorption of organochlorine pesticides using fungal biomass. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 29 (4), 163-169. Full Text: J\J Ind Mic Bio29, 163.pdf Abstract: Cladosporium strain AJR318, 501 was tested for its ability to sorb the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) p,p’-DDT from aqueous media. When p,p’-DDT was added to distilled water, ethanol or 1-propanol solutions in excess of its solubility, p,p’-DDT was sorbed onto the fungal biomass. Increasing the amount of p,p’-DDT in solution by changing the medium composition increased sorbent uptake: p,p’-DDT uptake by the fungal biomass was 2.5 times greater in 25% 1-propanol (17 mg of p,p’-DDT g-1 dry weight fungal biomass) than in distilled water. When p,p’-DDT was dissolved in 25% 1-propanol (12 mg l-1), rapid p,p’-DDT sorption occurred during the first 60 min of incubation. p,p’-DDT in solution was reduced to 2.5 mg l-1 with the remaining p,p’-DDT recovered from the fungal biomass. A number of environmental parameters were tested to determine their effect on p,p’-DDT biosorption. As arsenic (As) is prevalent at DDT-contaminated cattle dip sites, its effect on p,p’-DDT uptake was determined. The presence of As [As(III) or As(V) up to 50 mg l-1] did not inhibit p,p’-DDT uptake and neither As species could be sorbed by the fungal biomass. Changing the pH of the medium from pH 3 to 10 had a small effect on p,p’-DDT sorption at low pH indicating that an ion exchange process is not the major mechanism for p,p’-DDT sorption. Other mechanisms such as Van der Waals forces, chemical binding, hydrogen bonding or ligand exchange may be involved in p,p’-DDT uptake by Cladosporium strain AJR318, 501. Keywords: Biosorption, Cladosporium, p,p’-DDT, Organochlorine Pesticide ? Suazo-Madrid, A., Morales-Barrera, L., Aranda-García, E. and Cristiani-Urbina, E. (2011), Nickel(II) biosorption by Rhodotorula glutinis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 38 (1), 51-64. Full Text: 2011\J Ind Mic Bio38, 51.pdf Abstract: The present study reports the feasibility of using Rhodotorula glutinis biomass as an alternative low-cost biosorbent to remove Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Acetone-pretreated R. glutinis cells showed higher Ni(II) biosorption capacity than untreated cells at pH values ranging from 3 to 7.5, with an optimum pH of 7.5. The effects of other relevant environmental parameters, such as initial Ni(II) concentration, shaking contact time and temperature, on Ni(II) biosorption onto acetone-pretreated R. glutinis were evaluated. Significant enhancement of Ni(II) biosorption capacity was observed by increasing initial metal concentration and temperature. Kinetic studies showed that the kinetic data were best described by a 33 pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Among the two-, three-, and four-parameter isotherm models tested, the Fritz-Schluender model exhibited the best fit to experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters (activation energy, and changes in activation enthalpy, activation entropy, and free energy of activation) revealed that the biosorption of Ni(II) ions onto acetone-pretreated R. glutinis biomass is an endothermic and non-spontaneous process, involving chemical sorption with weak interactions between the biosorbent and Ni(II) ions. The high sorption capacity (44.45 mg g(-1) at 25A degrees C, and 63.53 mg g(-1) at 70A degrees C) exhibited by acetone-pretreated R. glutinis biomass places this biosorbent among the best adsorbents currently available for removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous effluents. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Alternative, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solution, Aspergillus-niger, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Capacity, Changes, Chemical, Concentration, Data, Effluents, Endothermic, Energy, Enthalpy, Entropy, Environmental, Experimental, Feasibility, Heavy-Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Low Cost, Metal, Metal Biosorption, Model, Models, Ni(II), Ni(II) Biosorption, Ni(II) Ions, Nickel(II), Nickel(II) Biosorption, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Removal, Rhodotorula Glutinis, Solutions, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Waste-Water 34 Title: Journal of Infectious Diseases Full Journal Title: Journal of Infectious Diseases ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Infect. Dis. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Infect Dis ISSN: 0022-1899 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Univ Chicago Press Publisher Address: 5720 South Woodlawn Ave, Chicago, IL 60637-1603 Subject Categories: Infectious Diseases: Impact Factor ? Stokes, W.R. (1904), A simple test for routine detection of colon bacillus in drinking water. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1 (2), 341-347. ? Harris, J.R., Cohen, M.L. and Lippy, E.C. (1983), Water-related disease outbreaks in the United-States, 1981. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 148 (4), 759-762. Mulders, M.N., Reimerink, J.H., Koopmans, M.P., van Loon, A.M. and van der Avoort, H.G. (1997), Genetic analysis of wild-type poliovirus importation into The Netherlands (1979-1995). Journal of Infectious Diseases, 176 (3), 617-624. Full Text: J\J Inf Dis176, 617.pdf Abstract: Wild polioviruses were isolated a number of times in The Netherlands outside the epidemic periods (1978 and 1992-1993) from patients infected abroad, from subclinically infected persons, and from river water. Sequence comparisons revealed discrete sources of importation: the Mediterranean, India, and Indonesia. The observed wide genetic variation is indicative of repeated importation and not of indigenous circulation. Isolates identical or closely related to the epidemic type 1 strain of 1978 were found in clinical and environmental specimens until 1983, probably due to repeated importation from Turkey. Viruses related to the 1992-1993 epidemic type 3 virus had already been isolated six times before the epidemic. of particular importance are two documented isolations of prototype wild poliovirus indistinguishable from that used to produce the inactivated vaccine. These data underscore the continued risk to the unvaccinated religious population of exposure to wild poliovirus. Keywords: Molecular Epidemiology, Poliomyelitis, Differentiation, Strategies, Outbreak Donskey, C.J., Hanrahan, J.A., Hutton, R.A. and Rice, L.B. (1997), Effect of parenteral antibiotic administration on persistence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus 35 faecium in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 180 (2), 384-390. Full Text: J\J Inf Dis180, 384.pdf Abstract: A mouse model of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) intestinal colonization was used to study the effect of different subcutaneous antibiotics on persistence and density of VRE colonization. Gastric inoculation of a clinical VanB VRE isolate, in conjunction with oral vancomycin in drinking water (250 µg/mL), resulted in high-level VRE colonization (mean, 9.5 log(10) cfu/g) in all 169 experimental mice. After discontinuation of oral vancomycin, the level of VRE in the stool specimens of mice receiving subcutaneous saline steadily decreased (mean, 3.59 log(10) cfu/g at day 19). Subcutaneous vancomycin, clindamycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, metronidazole, cefotetan, ampicillin, and ampicillin-sulbactam all promoted persistent high levels of stool VRE. Subcutaneous ceftriaxone, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and aztreonam promoted increased VRE density to a lesser degree or not at all. Thus, in a mouse model, vancomycin and antibiotics with potent antianaerobic activity promoted persistent high-density intestinal VRE colonization, whereas antibiotics lacking potent antianaerobic activity did not. Keywords: Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporins, Ampicillin-Resistant, Intestinal Flora, Risk-Factors, Colonization, Infection, Bacteremia, Therapy, Epidemiology, Outbreak 36 Title: Journal of Information Processing and Management Full Journal Title: Journal of Information Processing and Management ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Hiroyuki, T., Takayuki, T., Yasuhiro, Y. and Masayuki, K. (2006), A bibliometric analysis of scientific literatures cited by influential patents. Journal of Information Processing and Management, 49, (1), 2-10. Abstract: Science linkage index, which is the average citation frequency of scientific literatures in patents, has been a useful means for analyzing the relationship between scientific research and innovation. This indicator, however, does not reflect any information contained in the scientific literatures. In this study, we made a list of scientific literatures cited by influential patents, and gained bibliographic information by checking them up with science citation index (SCI). From this analysis, we found that Japan is the third biggest producer of scientific literatures cited by influential patents, next to the U.S. and UK. And one global trend became clear that universities are great contributors to producing scientific knowledge as a source of patent inventions. The contribution of Japanese governmental research institutes is smaller than other countries. Finally, we found three problems with which Japanese life science is faced now, 1) number of patent applications is small, 2) patent inventors do not utilize scientific knowledge extensively, and 3) there are relatively fewer scientific literatures as a source of world-class patent inventions. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Citation Frequency, Global Trend, Index, Indicator, Information, Innovation, Inventions, Japan, Knowledge, Life, Linkage, Patent, Patents, Research, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Research, Small, Source, Trend, UK, Universities 37 Title: Journal of Information Science Full Journal Title: Journal of Information Science; Journal of Information Science ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Inf. Sci. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Inform Sci ISSN: 0165-5515 Issues/Year: 6 Journal Country/Territory: England Language: English Publisher: Bowker-Saur Publisher Address: Windsor Court, East Grinstead House, E Grinstead RH19 1XA, W Sussex, England Subject Categories: Information Science & Library Science: Impact Factor 0.473, 17/55 (2000); Impact Factor 0.707, 13/55 (2001); Impact Factor 1.648, 19/61 (2008) SSCI Computer Science, Information Systems: Impact Factor 1.648, 34/99 (2008) SCI Ritchie, M., Ritchie, A., Nicholas, D. and Bell, K. (1979), Use of BLAISE in bibliometric studies. Journal of Information Science, 1 (1), 19-25. Full Text: 1960-80\J Inf Sci1, 19.pdf Abstract: Account of a research project investigating the literature of the humanities, which concludes that bibliometric studies are greatly facilitated by the use of computerized databases such as BLAISE. Keywords: Biblionietrics, Blaise, Humanities Literature Arunachalam, S. and Markanday, S. (1981), Science in the middle-level countries: A bibliometric analysis of scientific journals of Australia, Canada, India and Israel. Journal of Information Science, 3 (1), 13-26. Full Text: 1981\J Inf Sci3, 13.pdf Abstract: From the point of view of scientific productivity, as evidenced by publications in periodicals, nations of the world can be classified into three groups, viz. advanced, middle-level and peripheral. In their turn scientific journals are of two, kinds: (a) national, regional or local; and (b) international. Most of the journals published in middle-level countries are local journals. Considered here are 95 English language journals published in Australia, Canada, India and Israel, which are indexed in Science Citation Irtdex. A significant characteristic of local journals is their relatively low cognitive contribution to the mainstream of international research activity. This can be figuratively termed as an ‘island effect’. This is the case with almost all Australian, Canadian, Israeli and Indian journals today. Most of these journals cite more than they get cited. This negative balance of citations is another 38 characteristic of local journals. Local journals cite a much greater proportion of older references than international journals, indicating their preoccupation with problems of low current relevance and relative inability to attract papers in frontier problems. In the nations considered, there appears to be very little intercitation between physics and chemistry journals or between chemistry and life science journals indicating a further ‘island effect’ and absence of any consequential interaction between disciplines. In the four middle-level countries considered, Canada and Australia seem to fare better than Israel and India. Reasons for this, at least in part, probably lie outside the cognitive domain of science. ? Adenaike, B.O. (1982), Bibliometric studies on a protein-rich crop: The cowpea. Journal of Information Science, 4 (2-3), 117-121. Full Text: 1982\J Inf Sci4, 117.pdf Subramanyam, K. (1983), Bibliometric studies of research collaboration: A Review. Journal of Information Science, 6 (1), 33-38. Full Text: 1983\J Inf Sci6, 33.pdf Abstract: Scientific research is becoming an increasingly collaborative endeavour. The nature and magnitude of collaboration vary from one discipline to another, and depend upon such factors as the nature of the research problem, the research environment, and demographic factors. Earlier studies have shown a high degree of correlation between collaboration and research productivity, and between collaboration and financial support for research. The extent of collaboration cannot be easily determined by traditional methods of survey and observation. Bibliometric methods offer a convenient and non-reactive tool for studying collaboration in research. In this paper, several types of collaboration have been identified, and earlier research on collaboration has been reviewed. Further research is needed to refine the methods of defining and assessing collaboration and its impact on the organization of research and communication in science. Arunachalam, S., Rao, M.K.D. and Shrivastava, P.K. (1984), Physics research in Israel: A preliminary bibliometric analysis. Journal of Information Science, 8 (5), 185-195. Full Text: 1984\J Inf Sci8, 185.pdf Jones, K.S. (1984), The Haitun dichotomy and the relevance of Bradford’s law. Journal of Information Science, 9 (1), 41-42. Full Text: 1984\J Inf Sci9, 41.pdf ? Brookes, B.C. (1985), Developments in bibliometrics. Journal of Information Science, 10 (2), 91-92. Full Text: 1985\J Inf Sci10, 91.pdf Arunachalam, S. and Singh, U.N. (1985), Sophisticated science in a small country: A scientometric analysis of superconductivity research in Israel. Journal of Information Science, 10 (4), 165-171. 39 Full Text: 1985\J Inf Sci10, 165.pdf Abstract: Small countries practising science rarely graduate to the level of performing quality research in sophisticated areas. Viewed on this background, an analysis of 130 papers on superconductivity published by Israeli researchers and indexed in Physics Abstracts 1971-1982 reveal that Israel does pretty well in this area. Prolific institutions and authors have been identified as well as journals most often used, highly cited papers, etc. Many of the papers appeared in high impact international journals, with Physical Review B (26), Journal of Low Temperature Physics (11) and Solid State Communications (10) leading the field. Among the five institutions active in the area, Tel Aviv University (68) accounts for more than half of Israel’s publication output. Hebrew University (32) and Technion Institute of Technology (22) are the other major centres of research in superconductivity. Five of the 130 papers have won more than 20 citations each up to 1982, and 22 papers more than 10 citations. Israeli papers in superconductivity seem to belong to the mainstream literature in the area as seen from their decent citation record, which is better than that of Canada and almost close to that of the USA. Most of these papers are theoretical/computational and about 30% of them are experimental. ? Brookes, B.C. (1985), Sources of information on specific subjects. Journal of Information Science, 10 (4), 173-175. Full Text: 1985\J Inf Sci10, 173.pdf ? Bradford, S.C. (1985), “Sources of information on specific subjects” by S.C. Bradford (Reprinted from engineering an illustrated weekly journal, Vol 137, pg 85-86, 1934). Journal of Information Science, 10 (4), 176-180. Full Text: 1985\J Inf Sci10, 176.pdf ? Small, H. and Garfield, E. (1985), The geography of science: Disciplinary and national mappings. Journal of Information Science, 11 (4), 147-159. Full Text: 1985\J Inf Sci11, 147.pdf Cocks, T.M. and Brookes, B.C. (1986), Sichel’s unification of bibliometric frequency distributions. Journal of Information Science, 12 (1-2), 45-51. Full Text: 1986\J Inf Sci12, 45.pdf Abstract: This paper describes our initial reactions to the inverse Gaussian-Poisson distribution (IGPD) recently introduced into bibliometrics by Sichel. We find that Sichel’s claim that the IGPD fits many bibliometric data sets to be fully justified though our difficulties in applying it are described. A problem arising from our attempts to find its transform into a ranked distribution is also briefly discussed. Arunachalam, S. and Garg, K.C. (1986), Science on the periphery: A scientometric analysis of science in the Asian countries. Journal of Information Science, 12 (3), 105-117. Full Text: 1986\J Inf Sci12, 105.pdf 40 Abstract: A scientometric analysis of papers published over a two-year period from the five ASEAN Countries, viz. Indonesia (182), Malaysia (452), the Philippines (241), Singapore (258) and Thailand (447), and covered in Science Citation Index 1979 and 1980; and citations to them in the international literature of science as seen from SCI 1979-1983 reveals that despite the relative economic affluence, science in these countries is still on the periphery. Except in the Philippines, the thrust in these countries seems to be in medical research as is evident from the large number of papers published in medical journals. In the Philippines, medicine comes a close second to agriculture, which leads, largely thanks to the contributions of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). Prolific authors, and institutions and journals often used by ASEAN scientists, and the better-cited papers are identified, Most papers are published in low-impact journals and are rarely cited. ? Alkharafi, F., Elrayyes, N. and Janini, G. (1987), Science research in Kuwait: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Information Science, 13 (1), 37-44. Full Text: 1987\J Inf Sci13, 37.pdf Abstract: Review of the scientific output of the State of Kuwait on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of its independence. Prior to 1970, only about 100 publications were credited to Kuwaiti institutions. The majority of these papers were medical reports published in local journals. In contrast, the 1970s and 1980s witnessed a steady growth with an average doubling time of three years. In 1983, 185 publications were credited to Kuwaiti institutions, and 80% of these appeared in international journals. This represents 1.1 articles per 10000 populations, a respectable figure in comparison to Third World standards While Third World countries put more emphasis on research in the life sciences, the distribution of research publications of Kuwait closely match that of the World’s scientific publications as a whole as seen from the Science Citation Index. 59% of all Kuwaiti authored articles are in the life sciences as against 55% of the international literature. 62.6% of Kuwaiti publications appeared in journals with impact factors ranging from 0- < 1 as against 46.6% of the international literature, and 3.3% of Kuwaiti publications appeared in journals with impact factor > 4 as against 65% of the international literature. Furthermore, 43% of Kuwaiti publications were not cited at all as against 25% of the international literature, and Kuwaiti publications averaged 1.8 citations per publication over a 5 year period as against a world average of 4.8 and a Latin American average of 2.9. Overall, the average citedness of papers published from Kuwait comes close to matching that of India, but is inferior in comparison with the standards set by the scientifically advanced countries. On the positive side Kuwaiti science appears to be steadily improving. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Research Bottle, R.T. and Gong, Y.T. (1987), A bibliometric study on the aging and content 41 typology relationship of the biochemical literature. Journal of Information Science, 13 (1), 59-63. Full Text: 1987\J Inf Sci13, 59.pdf Abstract: Biochemical periodical literature is investigated in the light of its ageing phenomena as reflected by the citations in Cell in 1983. The citation frequency distribution followed a negative exponential distribution for 1972-1982, with the median citation age of 3 years. The relationship between ageing and content typologies of the literature was tested, the median citation ages of different typologies were uneven, with the differences of nearly 7 years, indicating that content typologies were an important factor affecting the ageing phenomena of the literature. King, J. (1987), A review of bibliometric and other science indicators and their role in research evaluation. Journal of Information Science, 13 (5), 261-276. Full Text: 1987\J Inf Sci13, 261.pdf Abstract: Recent reductions in research budgets have led to the need for greater selectivity in resource allocation. Measures of past performance are still among the most promising means of deciding between competing interests. Bibliometry, the measurement of scientific publications and of their impact on the scientific community, assessed by the citations they attract, provides a portfolio of indicators that can be combined to give a useful picture of recent research activity. In this state-of-theart review the various methodologies that have been developed are outlined in terms of their strengths, weaknesses and particular applications. The present limitations of science indicators in research evaluation are considered and some future directions for developments in techniques are suggested. ? Brookes, B.C. (1988), Bibliometrics at L.U.C. diepenbeek. Journal of Information Science, 14 (1), 63-64. Full Text: 1988\J Inf Sci14, 63.pdf Bottle, R.T. and Voudouris, C.E. (1988), A bibliometric critique of the EURISTOTE database. Journal of Information Science, 14 (4), 205-220. Full Text: 1988\J Inf Sci14, 205.pdf Abstract: Some bibliometric characteristics of university research on European Integration were investigated via the EURISTOTE database and its equivalent printed sources. Of 14,065 records in the database, 67% referred to studies in progress or completed and 33% to researchers. It is thus of the mixed bibliographic and factual type. “Sectoral affairs of the European Communities” were the most studied subject (35.7%) not surprisingly as they include “Agriculture” (18% of “Sectoral affairs” and 6.5% of the total number of database entries by subject). Germany produced the largest number of studies (24%), whilst the Communrty countries indmdually and the European Communities as a whole were the most 42 studied countries (78.5%). The low proportion of research published as a periodical article (20%) was characteristic of social science literature. “Other research reports” was the dominant document form (44%) French was the most popular language of publication (28%), whilst English was the most common working language of the researchers (27%). Of the researchers studying European Integration prob lems. two thirds held the academic rank of Professor or its equivalent. Economics and Law were their most common academic disciplines (33% each). Keyboarding errors are observable but few. Missing data, probahly due to incomplete questionnaire returns, are quite high In some fields. ? Soyibo, A. and Aiyepeku, W.O. (1988), On the categorization, exactness and probable utility of bibliometric laws and their extensions. Journal of Information Science, 14 (4), 243-251. Full Text: 1988\J Inf Sci14, 243.pdf Abstract: In 1980, Brookes challenged information scientists to study the interactions between Poppenan Worlds 2 and 3, to describe and explain their interactions and thereby enhance the organi zation of knowledge rather than documents. Recent theoretical contributions to bibliometrics are seen, in part, as responding to this call. We study and classify such contributions, discuss their reasonableness, appropriateness and exactness, using the decision maker/end user-oriented focus. Because of similari ties in the application of mathematical abstractions to econom ics and to information science, we discuss the possible eco nomic implications of some recent contributions and the con straints on their application, and offer suggestions for their application particularly in the Third World where “it is cer tainly the case that information science has hardly ever been recognized”. ? Braun, T. (1988), Bibliometrics in research evaluation. Journal of Information Science, 14 (6), 365-366. Full Text: 1988\J Inf Sci14, 365.pdf Keywords: Bibliometrics, Evaluation, Research ? Braun, T., Glänzel, W. and Schubert, A. (1990), Publication productivity: From frequency distributions to scientometric indicators. Journal of Information Science, 16 (1), 37-44. Full Text: 1990\J Inf Sci16, 37.pdf Abstract: A new approach to scientometric indicators which is based on frequency distribution characteristics is presented. The publication productivity of ten major OECD countries during the 1981-1985 period is studied. A stochastic “cumulative advantage” process having a Waring-type stationary limit distribution is assumed to underlie the publication process. This model makes it possible to estimate such indicators as the “Publication Potential” and the “Cumulative Advantage Coefficient” which indicate the number of potential and of factual authors and the effect of the 43 “success-breeds-success” phenomenon, respectively. A discussion of the publication behaviour of the scientific elite based on indicators of the distribution tail concludes the comparative evaluation. ? Rousseau, R. (1990), A bibliometric study of Nieuwenhuysen’s bibliography of microcomputer software for online information and documentation work. Journal of Information Science, 16 (1), 45-50. Full Text: 1990\J Inf Sci16, 45.pdf Abstract: We study a bibliography of documents on a new topic, namely microcomputer software for online information and documentation work. A general Lotka function is fitted to the frequency form of the distribution of items in this bibliography. Data are also described by a truncated Leimkuhler curve; behind the truncation point the so-called Groos droop begins. We show that such droops cannot be explained as the result of a relatively high scattering, due to the recentness of the topic. ? Thorpe, P. and Pardey, P.G. (1990), The generation and transfer of agricultural knowledge: A bibliometric study of a research network. Journal of Information Science, 16 (3), 183-194. Full Text: 1990\J Inf Sci16, 183.pdf Abstract: Publication-based indicators of agricultural research activ ity were developed to assist in the evaluation of the knowledge transfer component of an agricultural research network involv ing the six Southern Cone countries of South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay). The generation of agricultural knowledge in these countries, as reflected by the CAB Abstracts database, has grown by about 50% over the period 1973 to 1982. The academic sector accounts for a substantial amount of this activity, about 40%. There is however significant cross-country variation in these figures. The transfer of agricultural knowledge among agncultural researchers in the region, and between these researchers and the world’s research community, was studied using the SCI SEARCH database. The region generally relies heavily on international sources of knowledge; domestic sources are also important, especially in the larger systems, while regional sources are of only minor importance. There is some evidence, however, that in recent years regional sources may have be come relatively more important for the smaller research sys tems. There is also a suggestion that the region’s researchers, particularly those in the smaller systems, are drawing on an ageing knowledge base. Cronin, B. and Pearson, S. (1990), The export of ideas from information-science so journal of information science. Journal of Information Science, 16 (6), 381-391. Full Text: 1990\J Inf Sci16, 381.pdf Abstract: An economic analogy is used to explore the contributions made by information scientists to other disciplines. The study analyses the major classes of 44 ideas exported by six grandees within the field. The limitations of the methodology are discussed and questions for further research identified. Keywords: American Social-Science, Analogy, Analyses, Analytical-Chemistry, Bibliometric Analysis, Chemical Information, Citation Analysis, Disciplines, Economic, Field, Information, Methodology, Physics Journals, Research, Scientometric Analyses, Successive Citation, Veterinary Medical-Library, World Publication Output ? Oluić-Vuković, V. (1991), The shape of the distribution curve: An indication of changes in the journal productivity distribution pattern. Journal of Information Science, 17 (5), 281-290. Full Text: 1991\J Inf Sci17, 281.pdf Abstract: Discussed is the effect of changes in the internal structure of data on the shape of the journal productivity distribution curve. The presupposed sensitivity of the curve shape to the concentration, dispersal disparity is investigated by dividing a data set into a few subsets. Distinct relationship between the S-shaped curve and the higher concentration effect is recognised. Keywords: Bradford’s Law, Lotka’s Law, Science, Scientific Productivity Trenchard, P.M. (1992), Hierarchical bibliometry: A new objective-measure of individual scientific performance to replace publication counts and to complement citation measures. Journal of Information Science, 18 (1), 69-75. Full Text: 1992\J Inf Sci18, 69.pdf Abstract: A new bibliometric indicator, the hierarchically-adjusted author proportiometric index, is described. It is a much improved indicator of individual scientific output, over that provided by publication number. This index is obtained by multiplying the number of pages in any publication of original research by a real, or suitably derived, weighting factor that acknowledges each author’s proportional or absolute contribution to the work. This method, its logic and its analytical advantage are illustrated by a suitable hypothetical example, and by comparative bibliometric analyses of real data: the method dramatically improves individual assessments relative to publication counts in some cases, and vice versa in others. Future uses for.the method may include research budgetary analysis, research audit and the monitoring of personal research performance. The method may complement, but is clearly separate from, citation bibliometry. Keywords: Bibliometric, Citation, Research, Research Performance ? Braam, R.R. and Bruil, J. (1992), Quality of indexing information: Authors’ views on indexing of their articles in Chemical Abstracts online CA-File. Journal of Information Science, 18 (5), 399-408. Full Text: 1992\J Inf Sci18, 399.pdf Abstract: The quality of subject indexing by Chemical Abstracts Indexing Service is 45 studied by confronting authors with the particular indexing terms attributed to their papers. Data were drawn from the online CA-file, available from STN host-computer, for 270 articles published in 54 journals, five articles out of each journal. Responses (80%) indicate the superior quality of keywords, both as content descriptors and as retrieval tools. Author judgements on these two different aspects do not always converge, however. CAS’S indexing policy to cover only “new” aspects is reflected in authors’ judgements that index lists are somewhat incomplete, in particular in the case of thesaurus terms (index headings). The large effort expended by CAS in maintaining and using a subject thesaurus, in order to select valid index headings, as compared to quick and cheap keyword postings, does not lead to clear superior quality of thesaurus terms for document description nor in retrieval. Some 20% of papers were not placed in the “proper” CA main-section, according to authors. As concerns the use of indexing data by third parties, e.g. in bibliometrics, users should be aware of the indexing policies behind the data, in order to prevent invalid interpretations. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Chemical Abstracts, Indexing, Lead ? Braun, T. and Schubert, A. (1993), National publication bias. Journal of Information Science, 19 (1), 75-76. Full Text: 1993\J Inf Sci19, 75.pdf ? Ali, S.N. (1993), Subject relationship between articles determined by co-occurrence of keywords in citing and cited titles. Journal of Information Science, 19 (3), 225-231. Full Text: 1993\J Inf Sci19, 225.pdf Abstract: It is assumed that a Paper which cites an earlier document shares a subject relationship with that particular document. In order to determine if this assumption is valid, a study was conducted by analysing 1000 articles from the Science Citation Index(R) and Social Sciences Citation Index(R). These articles were selected in ten different disciplines by using a purposive sampling technique. Various Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient tests were computed to find out if a subject relationship existed between the Articles which have the same keywords in their titles (Parent Articles and Related Records). Th-ugh the analysis the hypothesis has been verified showing that there is a relationship between the articles which are citing the same references. This was determined by co-occurrences of the same keywords among the shared references. However, there are some unique differences in the science and the social science disciplines that exist in these two databases. Keywords: Analysis, Databases, Sampling, Science, Social ? Wissmann, C. (1993), Techniques of data-retrieval for scientometric research in the ISI citation indexes. Journal of Information Science, 19 (5), 363-376. Full Text: 1993\J Inf Sci19, 363.pdf Abstract: The usefulness of the retrieval software of the hosts DIMDI, STN, DIALOG 46 and ORBIT and the ISI CD-ROM for scientometric studies in Citation Index databases is examined. The frequency distribution of publications and citations, the co-author and co-citation analysis, and the method of bibliographic coupling are used for examples. Practical problems in the work with the online Citation Index are described. Keywords: Citation, Citations, Hypercycle, ISI, Natural Self-Organization, Principle, Publications, Research, Software ? Baird, L.M. and Oppenheim, C. (1994), Do citations matter? Journal of Information Science, 20 (1), 2-15. Full Text: 1994\J Inf Sci20, 2.pdf Abstract: Citation indexes are based on the principle of authors citing previous articles of relevance. The paper demonstrates the long history of citing for precedent and notes how ISI’s citation indexes differ from Shepards Citations. The paper analyses some of the criticisms of citation counting, and some of the uses for which citation analysis has been employed. The paper also examines the idea of the development of an Acknowledgements Index, and concludes such an index is unlikely to be commercially viable. The paper describes a citation study of Eugene Garfield, and concludes that he may be the most heavily cited information scientist, that he is a heavy self-citer, and that the reasons why other authors cite Garfield are different from the reasons why he cites himself. The paper concludes that citation studies remain a valid method of analysis of individuals’, institutions’, or journals’ impact, but need to be used with caution and in conjunction with other measures. Keywords: Intellectual Structure, Citer Motivations, Classification, Publication, Behavior, Networks Glänzel, W. and Schoepflin, U. (1995), A bibliometric study on aging and reception processes of scientific literature. Journal of Information Science, 21 (1), 37-53. Full Text: 1995\J Inf Sci21, 37.pdf Abstract: In an exploratory study, the time behaviour of citations to articles of seven journals representing different scientific fields (sociology, psychology, chemistry, general and internal medicine, statistics and probability theory) were analysed to establish: (i) differences in ageing and reception speed between social sciences and other science fields, to determine (II) if there are connections between ageing and reception, and (iii) if deviations are due to fields or individual journals. Bibliometric methods and citation-based indicators were used within a stochastic model. It was found that obsolescence of the social science journals in the set is slower than for the medical and chemistry journals, The behaviour of the mathematical journal is similar to the ones in social sciences. The study suggests that ageing seems to be specific to the field rather than to the individual journal. On the other hand, slow ageing does not necessarily correspond with slow response. Impact factors based on the usual two 47 years’ observation period may therefore be distorted by deviating ageing behaviour. Keywords: Citation Impact, Obsolescence, Publications, Model, Time ? Seng, L.B. and Willett, P. (1995), The citedness of publications by United-Kingdom library-schools. Journal of Information Science, 21 (1), 68-71. Full Text: 1995\J Inf Sci21, 68.pdf Abstract: This paper reports a citation analysis of the 1989 and 1990 publications of seven library or information studies departments in the UK. The total number of citations, the mean number of citations per member of staff, and the mean number of citations per publication were all strongly correlated (p<0.005), and the total number of publications less strongly correlated (p<0.05), with the ratings that these departments achieved in the last Research Assessment Exercise. An analysis of the citedness of different types of research output from these departments suggests that conference papers and articles in professional journals attract noticeably fewer citations than other types of output, and that articles in scientific journals attract noticeably more citations than articles in social science journals. Keywords: Information, University, Indicators ? Snyder, H., Cronin, B. and Davenport, E. (1995), What’s the use of citation? Citation analysis as a literature topic in selected disciplines of the social sciences. Journal of Information Science, 21 (2), 75-85. Full Text: 1995\J Inf Sci21, 75.pdf Abstract: This study seeks to investigate the place and role of citation analysis in our own discipline and other disciplines, The authors have examined the research literature of information science and other disciplines in order to: determine what proportion is devoted to citation analysis, develop an inductive typology to categorize the major foci of research being conducted under the rubric of citation analysis, and use the typology to determine how citation analysis is applied within information science and other disciplines. By isolating citation from bibliometrics in general, and by exploring the topic across literatures, the authors differentiate their work from previous studies, Analysis of data from a ten-year sample of transdisciplinary social sciences literature suggests that two application areas predominate: the validity of citation as an evaluation tool, and impact or performance studies of authors, journals and institutions. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Communication, Evaluation, Impact, Information, Information Science, Literature, Networks, Research, Social Sciences, Topic Duff, A.S. (1995), The ‘information society’ as paradigm: A bibliometric inquiry. Journal of Information Science, 21 (5), 390-395. Full Text: 1995\J Inf Sci21, 390.pdf Abstract: It has been claimed that the ‘information society’ constitutes a new paradigm. 48 The paper describes the use of online bibliometrics to investigate this claim. The methodology involved systematic searching of the databases Information Science Abstracts, Social SciSearch, INSPEC and Arts & Humanities Search. Results showed the remarkable extent and range of journal citations over a ten-year period, at least in the information, social and engineering sciences. The wide range of disciplinary, organisational and national affiliations is commented upon. Title and sample contextual analysis of papers suggests that a majority of researchers regard the concept of the ‘information society’ as a paradigm, more or less assuming the validity of the dogmas of ‘information society’ theorists such as Daniel Bell. However, the searches also revealed an apparent decline in frequency of use of the term. Judged by its bibliometric behaviour, it is not yet possible to say with any certainty that the ‘information society’ has achieved paradigmatic status. Some suggestions for further research are included Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citations, Databases, English, Journal, Research, SCI Wagner-Döbler, R. (1996), Two components of a causal explanation of Bradford’s law. Journal of Information Science, 22 (2), 125-132. Full Text: 1996\J Inf Sci22, 125.pdf Abstract: One can suppose that Bradford’s law is valid for all scientific fields. As an implication of this general validity and because of limitations of space, journals must differ in their subject structure, and every journal must have its own hierarchy of subjects, conforming to a Bradford or a similar distribution. The phenomenon of subject hierarchies is shown here for ten journals in twentieth-century psychology and mathematical logic and for five journals in nineteenth-century mathematics, taking instead of Bradford’s original rank-size distribution the equivalent, but more general, Pareto distribution. It is hypothesised then that hierarchies of subjects within journals correspond to the reception process, i.e. to the structure of interests of their readers. This is illustrated by means of an example of 30 most prolific nineteenth-century mathematicians. It is argued that the phenomenon of subject hierarchies in journals and in readers has to be considered in a causal explanation of Bradford’s law. Egghe, L. and Rousseau, R. (1996), Averaging and globalising quotients of informetric and scientometric data. Journal of Information Science, 22 (3), 165-170. Full Text: 1996\J Inf Sci22, 165.pdf Abstract: Based on the particular case of the average impact factor of a subfield versus the impact factor of this subfield as a whole, the difference is studied between an average of quotients, denoted as AQ, and a global average, obtained as a quotient of averages, and denoted as GQ. In the case of impact factors, AQ becomes the average impact factor of a field, and GQ becomes its global impact factor. Many applications 49 in the context of informetrics and scientometrics are given, e.g. the Price index, the text to reference ratio, ageing, the receptivity factor for foreign literature, journal price calculation, discipline influence scores, and fill-rates as measures of library performance, We strongly claim that, in most applications, the global average is the preferred one. It is also shown that, if geometric averages are used instead of arithmetic ones in the definition of AQ and GQ, the difference between the two approaches is eliminated. Keywords: Discipline ? Simon, H.R. (1996), From bibliometrics to diversity: A personal view. Journal of Information Science, 22 (6), 457-461. Full Text: 1996\J Inf Sci22, 457.pdf Abstract: In a short report, the personal view of the author on descriptive bibliometrics and the methods used are given. The paper illustrates with seven graphs the different results and gives some interpretations of the development of systematic zoology as a descriptive science and a basic knowledge base for biodiversity research. Methods of descriptive bibliometry can be used in both fields of research. Professor R.T. Bottle has presented masterpieces in bibliometrics [1, 2, 3] which have stimulated, and will continue to stimulate, research for many years. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Research Webster, B.M. (1998), Polish Sociology Citation Index as an example of usage of national citation indexes in scientometric analysis of social sciences. Journal of Information Science, 24 (1), 19-32. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci24, 19.pdf Abstract: This paper describes results of a comparative analysis between Social Sciences Citation Index (SCCI) and a locally created Polish Sociology Citation Index. It concludes that, while SSCI is a valuable tool in assessing the presence and impact of Polish sociology in an international context, a deeper view of the discipline and its development may be obtained through the analysis of a locally oriented index. Keywords: Analysis, Assessing, Citation, Citation Indexes, Context, Development, Impact, Index, International, Sciences, Scientometric, Social, Social Sciences, Sociology, SSCI ? Snyder, H. and Bonzi, S. (1998), Patterns of self-citation across disciplines (1980-1989). Journal of Information Science, 24 (6), 431-435. Full Text: 1998\J Inf Sci24, 431.pdf Abstract: The paper examines patterns of self-citation in six disciplines distributed equally among the physical and social sciences and the humanities. Sample articles were examined to determine the relative numbers and ages of self-citations and citations to others in the bibliographies and to the exposure given to each type of citation in the text of the articles. Significant differences in the number and age of 50 citations between disciplines were found. Over all, 9% of all citations were self-citations; 15% of physical science citations were self-citations, as opposed to 6% in the social sciences and 3% in the humanities. Within disciplines, there was no significantly different amount of coverage between self-citations and citations to others. Over all, it appears that a lack of substantive differences in self-citation behavior is consistent across disciplines. The number of words devoted to self-citations vary among disciplines, but remain constant within a discipline for both self-citations and citations to others. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Science Ding, Y., Chowdhury, G. and Foo, S. (1999), Mapping the intellectual structure of information retrieval studies: An author co-citation analysis, 1987-1997. Journal of Information Science, 25 (1), 67-78. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci25, 67.pdf Abstract: Author co-citation analysis (ACA) has been used to explore changes in the intellectual base of the information retrieval (LR) held over two consecutive time periods: 1987-1991 and 1992-1997. Thirty-nine highly cited IR researchers were selected as the research sample. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) and clustering techniques (CT) were used to create the two-dimensional maps to display the dynamic intellectual structure of IR, based on scholars citing their work over these two time periods. Factor analysis (FA) has been used to reveal the ‘breadth’ of the authors’ research areas. ACA offers a good technique that contributes to the understanding of intellectual structure in the sciences and possibly in other areas to the extent that those areas rely on formal scholarly communication such as serial publications. Nonetheless, obvious drawbacks exist in ACA. These include the subjective nature of the interpretation of results, the difficulty of readily identifying clusters and the inability to distinguish collaborative research relationships between authors, Thus, ACA by itself is insufficient. However, ACA can be enhanced significantly when combined with FA to give a more accurate acid useful picture of the MDS results. Keywords: Document-Retrieval, Search Keys, Cocitation Analysis, Online Catalogs, System-Design, Model, Seeking, Text, Probability, Relevance Alloro, G. and Ugolini, D. (1999), Searching institute for scientific information databases at the Deutsches Institut fur Medizinische Dokumentation und Information, Cologne. Journal of Information Science, 25 (4), 295-305. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci25, 295.pdf Abstract: The aim of the paper is to illustrate the retrieval methods used to count the number of citations in the Institute for Scientific Information online databases (SciSearch and Social SciSearch) made available by the Deutsches Institut fur Medizinische Dokunentation und Information host computer. 51 Citation analysis is a bibliometric measure increasingly applied to evaluate the publication quality of individual scientists or research groups. Therefore, it is very important to know, and to use correctly, the search methods made available to retrieve the number of citations. Different search methods and their specific features and limits are discussed, and practical problems in working with the online citation indices are described, highlighting the pivotal role of information specialists to make accessible, and to better use, the database data and the retrieval techniques, thus providing vital information to institutions and research activity. Keywords: Citation Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis, Research Performance, Cancer-Research, Publications, Productivity, Science, Quality, Impact, Period ? Kim, M.J. (1999), Korean international co-authorship in science 1994-1996. Journal of Information Science, 25 (5), 403-412. Full Text: 1999\J Inf Sci25, 403.pdf Abstract: Research performance in Korea has increased considerably in the past few years, both with regard to relative output of publications and the number of internationally co-authored papers. The purpose of this study is to characterise international scientific cooperation in Korea through the numbers of internationally co-authored papers covered by the Science Citation Index CD-ROM, 1994-1996. A total of 3,627 collaborative papers published in 1,083 scientific journals were selected to analyse papers written in collaboration between Korea and other countries. The data reveal that Korea’s coauthorship level with other countries was relatively high, representing 26.8% of national output. Among the collaborative papers, a large majority of the papers (84%) were authored by researchers at universities, while about 10% came from scientists at government-supported institutes and only 6% from industry. The country with the highest rate of cooperation with Korea is the USA (42%), followed by Japan, Italy, Germany, the UK and France. Considering the strong interaction between Korean and American science, economic and political factors appear to play a strong role in the international co-authorship process. The results show clear variation in levels of international cooperation according to the disciplines: technology, agriculture and earth sciences represent local interests, while physics, chemistry and biology are mainstream subjects. Keywords: Scientific Cooperation, South-Korea, Collaboration, Chemistry, Countries, Citation, Physics Lewison, G. and van Rooyen, S. (1999), Reviewers’ and editors’ perceptions of submitted manuscripts with different numbers of authors, addresses and funding sources. Journal of Information Science, 25 (6), 509-511. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci25, 509.pdf Abstract: The results of an experiment are described in which manuscripts submitted to 52 a medical journal were each sent to two reviewers, One was blinded to the details of authorship, addresses and funding acknowledgements; the other was not. The intention was to see whether papers with larger numbers of these parameters would be more favourably reviewed, either because the reviewers were directly influenced by these factors or because the papers were really of higher quality. it turned out that the differences between the reviewers’ marks for each paper were not correlated with the parameters, but that the sums of the two were so correlated. This suggests that the tendency of papers with more authors, etc, to be published in higher-impact journals is actually due to their perceived quality and not to the numbers of authors per se. Keywords: Funding, Impact, Journals Arunachalam, S. and Doss, M.J. (2000), Science in a small country at a time of globalisation: domestic and international collaboration in new biology research in Israel. Journal of Information Science, 26 (1), 39-49. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci26, 39.pdf Abstract: From an analysis of papers indexed in three years of Biochemistry and Biophysics Citation Index (1992, 1995 and 1998), it is found that 103 institutions in Israel have published 4,112 papers in more than 990 journals and 64 non- journal sources published from 27 countries. More than 16% of papers have appeared in journals with an impact factor (IF) higher than 7.00 and an equal fraction of papers have appeared in journals with an LF of less than 1.00. The sum of the Ifs of the journals in which papers have been published has been used as a rough measure to quantify each institution’s research contribution. Hebrew University, the Weizmann Institute and Tel Aviv University are the institutions publishing the largest number of papers, while Rehovot and Jerusalem are the leading cities. Journal of Biological Chemistry, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - USA, FEES Letters and Biochemistry are the journals most often used by Israeli researchers to publish their work. To overcome the problems of conducting world-class research in a small country, Israel uses collaboration. with overseas laboratories to great advantage. More than 42% of papers in the sample involve international collaboration; half of them with laboratories in the USA and some with Germany, France, the UK and Canada. Over 10% of papers have resulted from domestic collaboration. In general, internationally collaborated papers are published in higher- impact journals, but domestically collaborated papers more often appear in lower-impact journals than single-institution papers, While the USA remains the most important partner of Israel, papers co-authored with French and UK collaborators raise the IF value of Israeli contributions more than those with other partner countries Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Collaboration, Impact Factor, India, Journals, Publishing, Research, SCI, Superconductivity Kim, M.J. and Kim, B.J. (2000), A bibliometric analysis of publications by the 53 Chemistry Department, Seoul National University, Korea, 1992-1998. Journal of Information Science, 26 (2), 111-119. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci26, 111.pdf Abstract: This study examined research performance of chemists at Seoul National University (SNU), the most prestigious university in Korea, using the numbers of articles appearing in journals and the numbers of citations received by those articles covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) CD-ROM, 1992-1998. A total of 651 papers published by the 29 faculty members of the Chemistry Department at SNU and indexed by SCI during the seven-year period were considered. US and Korean journals published in English were utilised predominantly, followed by UK journals. Major journals used by Korean chemists are Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society (Korea), Tetrahedron Letters (UK), Journal of Physical Chemistry A (USA), Journal of Chemical Physics (USA) and Journal of the American Chemical Society (USA). In addition, half the Korean papers were published in journals having an impact factor of one or more. Among the 651 publications, 388 were cited 2,376 times. Considering the number of citations received by Korean papers, in terms of journal country, papers published in US, UK and Dutch journals have a higher visibility than others. No correlation between the number of papers by a particular chemist and the average number of citations per paper for that chemist was indicated by the study. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citations, Faculty, Impact Factor, Israel, Journal, Journals, Korea, Papers, Publications, Research, Research Performance, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientometric Analysis, Small Country, UK, University, US, USA Brittain, J.M. (2000), A highly visible scientist - Jack Meadows. Journal of Information Science, 26 (4), 267-272. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci26, 267.pdf Abstract: The results of a bibliometric study of the publications of Meadows are reported; in particular, the cumulative growth in the number of publications and citations received over a 40-year period is documented. Citations made to two articles and a monograph are examined in detail, particularly the ‘context’ of citations, in order to explain the reasons authors appear to have for citing his work. There is a brief discussion of the methodology of identifying and categorising ‘context’ of citations, as this an area of bibliometrics relatively unexplored. ? Egghe, L. (2000), New informetric aspects of the Internet: Some reflections - many problems. Journal of Information Science, 26 (5), 329-335. Full Text: 2000\J Inf Sci26, 329.pdf Abstract: This paper poses more problems than it solves: it investigates the new (virtual) world of the Internet and the challenges that it offers for informetric analysis. The paper studies five different aspects. First of all, there is the increasing problem of 54 data gathering in the Internet. The second topic is the Internet version of the informetric laws: are the same types of classical distributions valid or not? The third topic deals with scientometric aspects: can the clickable buttons (hyper-links) in Web pages replace the role of classical references in scientific papers? It also contains a study of the Web impact factor and a discussion on ageing. The fourth topic discusses information retrieval (IR) aspects of search engines. It studies aspects of probabilistic IR as applied in these engines and poses the question of quantitative evaluation of IR (Web analogues of recall and precision). Lastly, aspects of complexity are discussed. The fractal nature of the Internet is highlighted and a modest attempt to measure it is given. Keywords: Duality, Evaluation, Hyperlinks, Impact, Impact Factor, Information Retrieval, IR, Precision, Recall, Search Engines, Topic, World-Wide-Web Ding, Y., Chowdhury, G.G. and Foo, S. (2000), Incorporating the results of co-word analyses to increase search variety for information retrieval. Journal of Information Science, 26 (6), 429-451. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci26, 429.pdf Abstract: This research aims to incorporate the results of co-word analysis into information retrieval as a means to increase search variety for end users in the domain of information retrieval. Relevant data were first collected from Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index for the period 1987-1997. The results of co-word analysis on the data were compared with similar data obtained from three thesauri: Library and Information Science Abstracts thesaurus, Library of Congress Subject Headings and Thesaurus of Information Technology Terms. The differences detected between them indicate that the search variety may be increased by combining co-word analysis with the use of traditional thesauri. Subsequently, the results of co-word analysis were compared with each other for two different periods (1987-1991 and 1992-1997). The changes among them were identified, implying that co-word analysis may be used directly to identify dynamic changes in its chosen domain area, thereby providing better up-to-date information to aid the information search process. Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Changes, Co-Word Analysis, Data, Dynamic, First, Information, Information Retrieval, Research, Science Citation Index Warner, J. (2000), A critical review of the application of citation studies to the Research Assessment Exercises. Journal of Information Science, 26 (6), 453-459. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci26, 453.pdf Abstract: The Research Assessment Exercises (RAE) conducted in the UK have attracted various types of published response. These include citation analyses and a review of the public reception of the RAE 1996, which included a brief critique of the citation studies. This paper develops the critique. Largely unexplored issues in 55 the theory or assumptions of bibliometrics, e.g. the level of citation which corresponds to a quantum of research quality, are found to emerge in the studies. A weak, and unsatisfactorily treated, correlation between citation aggregates and research quality for individual entities is revealed. The proposal to replace informed peer review by citation analysis is regarded as highly unrealistic. Productive uses for citation analysis in research evaluation are suggested. A historically rare instance of correlation between rankings derived from citation aggregates and fi om real world peer review has been revealed by the studies. The future value of citation analysis could be to inform, but not to determine, judgements of research quality. A combination of methods is advocated for future studies of the RAEs. Information science must attend to considerations of value, as well as using established techniques, if it is to avoid marginalisation. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation, Counts, Evaluation, Library, Ratings, Research Cronin, B. (2001), Bibliometrics and beyond: Some thoughts on web-based citation analysis. Journal of Information Science, 27 (1), 1-7. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci27, 1.pdf Abstract: The idea of a unified citation index to the literature of science was first outlined by Eugene Garfield [I] in 1955 in the journal Science. Science Citation Index has since established itself as the gold standard for scientific information retrieval. It has also become the database of choice for citation analysts and evaluative bibliometricians worldwide. As scientific publication moves to the web, and novel approaches to scholarly communication and peer review establish themselves, new methods of citation and link analysis will emerge to capture often liminal expressions of peer esteem, influence and approbation. The web thus affords bibliometricians rich opportunities to apply and adapt their techniques to new contexts and content: the age of ‘bibliometric spectroscopy’ [2] is dawning Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Citation, Impact, Information Retrieval, Methods, Peer Review, Publication, SCI, Scientific Information ? Lafouge, T. and Michel, C. (2001), Links between information construction and information gain. Entropy and bibliometric distributions. Journal of Information Science, 27 (1), 39-49. Full Text: 2001\J Inf Sci27, 39.pdf Abstract: The study of the statistical regularities observed in the held of information production and use has confirmed the existence of important similarities. Thus, the existence of regularities and measurable ratios allow the prevision and the concept of laws. In the 1950s, Shannon and Weaver [13] modelled the information circulation theory. The entropy hypothesis of this theory is that the more ranked a system is, the less information it produces. Theoretical studies have tried to formalise the connection between the bibliometric distribution and the entropy. In this paper, we 56 try to extend previous results linked with ‘the least effort principle’ and the analytical slope of a bibliometric distribution. In the first and second parts, we recall some statements about entropy and bibliometric distributions and, after that, we describe different links between them. Keywords: Bibliometric, Circulation Data, Explanation, Law, Recall, Stationary Scientometric Distributions Garfield, E. (2001), From laboratory to information explosions ... the evolution of chemical information services at ISI. Journal of Information Science, 27 (2), 119-125. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci27, 119.pdf Abstract: The experience in locating and coding the steroid literature for the US Patent Office led to a variety of chemically-based services dealing with new compounds and intermediates, as well as graphical presentation of chemical formulas and reactions. The Index Chemicus Registry System was the first to use the Wiswesser line notation, which became a standard in the pharmaceutical field. This eventually led to Current Chemical Reactions Database and Reaction Citation Index.This paper presents an autobiographical account of Eugene Garfield’s involvement in chemical information systems. It traces his personal evolution from laboratory chemist transformed into an information scientist who combined his knowledge of structural linguistics and information technology into an algorithmic system for identifying molecular formulas in the literature. Recognizing the shortcomings of traditional abstracting and indexing systems like Index Medicus and Chemical Abstracts, he launched Current Contents, Index Chemicus and Science Citation Index, which were designed to provide timely, weekly and highly specific retrieval of chemical information. The experience in locating and coding the steroid literature for the US Patent Office led to a variety of chemically-based services dealing with new compounds and intermediates, as well as graphical presentation of chemical formulas and reactions. The Index Chemicus Registry System was the first to use the Wiswesser line notation, which became a standard in the pharmaceutical field. This eventually led to Current Chemical Reactions Database and Reaction Citation Index. Clausen, H. and Wormell, I. (2001), A bibliometric analysis of IOLIM conferences 1977-1999. Journal of Information Science, 27 (3), 157-169. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci27, 157.pdf Abstract: Since 1977, the International Online Information Meeting (IOLIM) in London has been the most important conference for users and producers of electronic information. The organiser of the conference is Learned Information Europe Ltd, a UK-based commercial organisation. In order to measure the impact of these conferences on the library and information science literature in general, a concept of 57 conference impact factor (CIF) is explored for the first time. Following the pattern of journal impact factor (JIF), the study presents a methodology for exploring the characteristics of a core international conference and measuring its impact. The study used the online citations databases in DIALOG, as well as the CD-ROM version of Library and Information Science Abstracts. Through statistical and bibliometric analysis, the paper provides quantitative information about geographic distribution of members of Organising Committees, Referee panels, authors, delegates and citations. Knowledge export of the conference is measured by the subject categories of citing journals. A list of the top most cited papers of the Proceedings is presented, as well as the names of the citing authors and titles of the journals. Via time series, the study highlights trends and developments reflected by IOLIM Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, CD-ROM, Characteristics, Citations, Conferences, Databases, Dialog, Distribution, Europe, Export, First, General, Impact, Impact Factor, Information, Information Science, International, Journal, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factor, Journals, Library And Information Science, Literature, Measure, Methodology, Papers, Pattern, Science, Time Series, Trends, Version ? Clausen, H. and Wormell, I. (2001), A bibliometric analysis of IOLIM conferences 1977-1999 (vol 27, pg 157, 2001). Journal of Information Science, 27 (4), 218. Full Text: 2001\J Inf Sci27, 218.pdf Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis Ding, Y. and Foo, S. (2002), Ontology research and development. Part I - A review of ontology generation. Journal of Information Science, 28 (2), 123-136. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci28, 123.pdf Abstract: Ontology is an important emerging discipline that has the huge potential to improve information organization, management and understanding. It has a crucial role to play in enabling content-based access, interoperability, communications, and providing qualitatively new levels of services on the next wave of web transformation in the form of the Semantic Web. The issues pertaining to ontology generation, mapping and maintenance are critical key areas that need to be understood and addressed. This survey is presented in two parts. The first part reviews the state-of-the-art techniques and work done on semi-automatic and automatic ontology generation, as well as the problems facing such research. The second complementary survey is dedicated to ontology mapping and ontology ‘evolving’. Through this survey, we have identified that shallow information extraction and natural language processing techniques are deployed to extract concepts or classes from free-text or semi-structured data. However, relation extraction is a very complex and difficult issue to resolve and it has turned out to be the main impediment to ontology learning and applicability. Further research is 58 encouraged to find appropriate and efficient ways to detect or identify relations through semi-automatic and automatic means. Ding, Y. and Foo, S. (2002), Ontology research and development. Part 2 - A review of ontology mapping and evolving. Journal of Information Science, 28 (5), 375-388. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci28, 375.pdf Abstract: This is the second of a two-part paper to review ontology research and development, in particular, ontology mapping and evolving. Ontology is defined as a formal explicit specification of a shared conceptualization. Ontology itself is not a static model so that it must have the potential to capture changes of meanings and relations. As such, mapping and evolving ontologies is part of an essential task of ontology learning and development. Ontology mapping is concerned with reusing existing ontologies, expanding and combining them by some means and enabling a larger pool of information and knowledge in different domains to be integrated to support new communication and use. Ontology evolving, likewise, is concerned with maintaining existing ontologies and extending them as appropriate when new information or knowledge is acquired. It is apparent from the reviews that current research into semi-automatic or automatic ontology research in all the three aspects of generation, mapping and evolving have so far achieved limited success. Expert human input is essential in almost all cases. Achievements have been made largely in the form of tools and aids to assist the human expert. Many research challenges remain in this field and many of such challenges need to be overcome if the next generation of the Semantic Web is to be realized. Keywords: Heterogeneity, Integration, Systems ? Bar-Ilan, J. (2002), How much information do search engines disclose on the links to a web page? A longitudinal case study of the ‘cybermetrics’ home page. Journal of Information Science, 28 (6), 455-466. Full Text: 2002\J Inf Sci28, 455.pdf Abstract: This study presents the results of an extensive search for links to the home page of the e-journal Cybermetrics. The results show that the search engines do not retrieve all the link pages that are indexed by them. In the specific case, the search engine Google concealed between 48 and 70% of the links to the page each time it was queried, and HotBot concealed between 20 and 39% of the link pages indexed by it. The queries were repeated four times during a one-year period, between January 2001 and January 2002 in order to rule out the possibility of an accidental finding. The other search engines examined also concealed some pages but to a much smaller extent. The findings raise questions about the use of WIF (the Web Impact Factor) as a scientometric indicator based on data retrieved from commercial search engines. The content of the retrieved and concealed pages was characterized using the method of content analysis. The characterization shows that the set of initially 59 retrieved pages, and the set of initially retrieved pages plus the set of concealed pages, are significantly different for Google. Keywords: Accessibility, Content Analysis, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Internet, Overlap, Performance, Precision, Recall Thelwall, M. (2003), Web use and peer interconnectivity metrics for academic web sites. Journal of Information Science, 29 (1), 1-10. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci29, 1.pdf Abstract: This paper introduces two new web link count metrics to complement the existing Web Impact Factor. The first is provisionally cast as an indicator of the average degree of online informal scholarly communication and information use by the academics in a given university. The second has a similar construction but focuses on the degree of web interconnection in terms of both inlinks and outlinks. The latter metric is based upon a more elaborate mechanism than raw link counts: totalling the minimum number of links between universities over all distinct pairs in the chosen set that include the given institution. Statistical tests give evidence that the results of both correlate with institutional research productivity in the UK, providing preliminary support for their continued development. Further research is needed into causes of linking in order to allow more meaningful interpretations of their values to be made. Keywords: Research Assessment Exercise, Impact Factors, Citation Analysis, Link Structure, Search Engine, Information, Internet, Anatomy, Network, Science Bonnevie, E. (2003), A multifaceted portrait of a library and information science Journal: the case of the Journal of Information Science. Journal of Information Science, 29 (1), 11-23. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci29, 11.pdf Abstract: This paper presents an analysis of a journal in the field of library and information science by means of a variety of bibliometric methods. The journal selected is Journal of Information Science (JIS). The methods are mainly publication and citation analyses, including a journal co-citation analysis, self-citation analyses, an overlap analysis, as well as Lotka’s law regarding authorship characteristics. This variety of methods provides a multifaceted image. The analyses are focused on the last 25 years, since the basis of research primarily is ISI’s citation databases and LISA, in which JIS has been indexed since 1979. The library and information science journal is pictured by a catalogue of different methodologies as a supplement to Journal Impact Factor (JIF), the usual tool of journal evaluation in measuring the impact of a journal. The areas of study are the visibility of the journal in databases, the pattern of authorship, the pattern of self-citations, internalization and scientific impact. The methods employed in analysing JIS supplement and sustain other analyses in the field of library and information science journals. 60 Keywords: Impact Factors, Citation Analysis, Scientific Journals, Self-Citation, Institute Wilkinson, D., Harries, G., Thelwall, M. and Price, L. (2003), Motivations for academic web site interlinking: evidence for the Web as a novel source of information on informal scholarly communication. Journal of Information Science, 29 (1), 49-56. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci29, 49.pdf Abstract: The need to understand authors’ motivations for creating links between university web sites is addressed by a survey of a random collection of 414 such links from the ac.uk domain. A classification-scheme was created and applied to this collection. Obtaining inter-classifier agreement as to the single main link creation cause was very difficult because of multiple potential. motivations and the fluidity of genre on the Web. Nevertheless, it was clear that, whilst the vast majority, over 90%, was created for broadly scholarly reasons, only two Were equivalent to journal citations. It is concluded that academic web link metrics will be dominated by a range of informal types of scholarly communication. Since formal communication can be extensively studied through citation analysis, this provides an exciting new window through which to investigate a facet of a previously obscured type of communication activity. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Crawler, Documentation, Impact-Factors, Links, Science ? Chung, Y.M. and Noh, Y.H. (2003), Developing a specialized directory system by automatically classifying Web documents. Journal of Information Science, 29 (2), 117-126. Full Text: 2003\J Inf Sci29, 117.pdf Abstract: This study developed a specialized directory system using an automatic classification technique. Economics was selected as the subject field for the classification experiments with Web documents. The classification scheme of the directory follows the DDC, and subject terms representing each class number or subject category were selected from the DDC table to construct a representative term dictionary. In collecting and classifying the Web documents, various strategies were tested in order to find the optimal thresholds. In the classification experiments, Web documents in economics were classified into a total of 757 hierarchical subject categories built from the DDC scheme. The first and second experiments using the representative term dictionary resulted in relatively high precision ratios of 77 and 60%, respectively. The third experiment employing a machine learning-based k-nearest neighbours (kNN) classifier in a closed experimental setting achieved a precision ratio of 96%. This implies that it is possible to enhance the classification performance by applying a hybrid method combining a dictionary-based technique and a kNN classifier. Keywords: Author, Economics, Subject Category 61 Oppenheim, C. (2003), V.V. Nalimov memorial issue of scientometrics. Journal of Information Science, 29 (3), 141-142. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci29, 141.pdf Wormell, I. (2003), Bibliometric navigation tools for users of subject portals. Journal of Information Science, 29 (3), 193-201. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci29, 193.pdf Abstract: This study aimed to test the usefulness of bibliometric methods for the evaluation of subject portals at the Nordic research libraries, and to generate ideas for the creative use of portal resources in the new learning environment of the universities. The subject portals for social sciences were chosen as objects for the study. SamWebb at Gothenburg University Library in Sweden was selected as the main portal for this study. Bisigate at the Aarhus Business School Library, Denmark, was the other partner included in the analysis. In order to capture the local users’ views and requirements of the portals, the analyses targeted two selected institutions in both countries with visibility in the international research arena: Gothenburg University, Department of Political Sciences and Aarhus School of Business, Department of Organization and Management. Through bibliometric analysis a list of ‘candidate journals’ was compiled for the institution(s) and matched with the available portal resources. The methodology was used to see how well the portals are supporting the current, local research activities at the institution(s), and if the new, emerging research areas are covered by the resources pooled at the subject portals. The article provides a set of examples which illustrate the type of information and visualization material which could be used to explore the resources of the portals (and the library), and to facilitate the individual searching and navigation among students and researchers in the electronic information landscape. ? Thelwall, M., Harries, G. and Wilkinson, D. (2003), Why do web sites from different academic subjects interlink? Journal of Information Science, 29 (6), 453-471. Full Text: 2003\J Inf Sci29, 453.pdf Abstract: On the Web, hyperlinks have been used both to assess the impact of academic Web sites and to trace aspects of online informal scholarly communication. They are also used in Web information retrieval algorithms to identify important pages and to cluster pages by topic, both of which help in ranking search engine results. In this paper we investigate a type of link that is of particular interest for all of these applications: one that crosses subject boundaries. We took a sample of 586 linked pairs of domains in different UK academic sites, and extracted those that represented different subjects, resulting in 52 pairs of domains with different subjects. These were then grouped by the type of relationship between the source and target page. Over a third of the links formed a scholarly connection between similar subjects, but in 8% of cases dissimilar subjects also had a scholarly connection. Additionally, 62 higher education teaching links were seen to form an extensive cross-disciplinary network, accounting for 19% of the links. A significant number of links (12%) also targeted non-subject-specific general resources. The results suggest that mapping disciplinary collaboration on the Web should be feasible but that this process and topic identification in academic Webs would both be helped by the prior removal of key higher education teaching and popular general pages from the data set. These, and computing pages to a lesser extent, play a role more pernicious than ‘stop words’ in traditional information retrieval. The conclusions are of a qualitative rather than quantitative nature because of the small effective sample size, so an initial set of thousands of links would be required to remedy this. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Classification, Cocitation, Communication, Communities, Higher Education, Hyperlinks, Impact, Impact Factors, Information, Information Retrieval, Interdisciplinary Links, Links, Mapping, Removal, Scholarly Communication, Science, Topic, UK, Web Sites, Webometrics, World-Wide-Web Shin, E.J. (2003), Do Impact Factors change with a change of medium? A comparison of Impact Factors when publication is by paper and through parallel publishing. Journal of Information Science, 29 (6), 527-533. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci29, 527.pdf Abstract: This paper reports the results of a bibliometric analysis of scholarly journals in the field of psychology. The Impact Factors of a sample of journals have been collected from Journal Citation Reports (JCR) provided by ISI. Changes in the Impact Factors were monitored annually over two periods, 1994-1995 and 2000-2001, the years before and after electronic journals appeared. The collected Impact Factors of scholarly journals from these two periods are compared in the available media. As a result, it is found that Impact Factors of 2000 and 2001 were significantly higher than those of 1994 and 1995 in the journals published by parallel publishing (combination journals - simultaneous publication of paper and electronic journals). In particular, the Impact Factors of the combination journals increased after the journals transformed their available media from paper journals to combination ones. By contrast, in the case of paper journals, there was no significant difference between the Impact Factors of 1994 and 1995 and those of 2000 and 2001. Additionally, it is possible to infer from later analyses that the citation rate is not changed by the available media in the authoritative journals which have comparatively high Impact Factors. In journals with low Impact Factors, on the other hand, the available media influences the citation rate. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Impact Factors, Scholarly Publications, Electronic Journals, Printed Journals, Combination Products, Electronic Journals ? Garfield, E. (2004), Historiographic mapping of knowledge domains literature. Journal of Information Science, 30 (2), 119-145. 63 Full Text: 2004\J Inf Sci30, 119.pdf Abstract: To better understand the topic of this colloquium, we have created a series of databases related to knowledge domains (dynamic systems [small world/Milgram], information visualization [Tufte], co-citation [Small], bibliographic coupling [Kessler], and scientometrics [Scientometrics]). I have used a software package called HistCite(TM) which generates chronological maps of subject (topical) collections resulting from searches of the ISI Web of Science(R) or ISI citation indexes (SCI, SSCI, and/or AHCI) on CD-ROM. When a marked list is created on WoS, an export file is created which contains all cited references for each source document captured. These bibliographic collections, saved as ASCII files, are processed by HistCite in order to generate chronological and other tables as well as historiographs which highlight the most-cited works in and outside the collection. HistCite also includes a module for detecting and editing errors or variations in cited references as well as a vocabulary analyzer which generates both ranked word lists and word pairs used in the collection. Ideally the system will be used to help the searcher quickly identify the most significant work on a topic and trace its year-by-year historical development. In addition to the collections mentioned above, historiographs based on collections of papers that cite the Watson-Crick 1953 classic paper identifying the helical structure of DNA were created. Both year-by-year as well as month-by-month displays of papers from 1953 to 1958 were necessary to highlight the publication activity of those years. Keywords: Citation Analysis, DNA Structure, Histcite, Historiography, Information Visualization, Knowledge Domains, Mapping, SCI, Scientific Discovery, Small World Concept, Software Koufogiannakis, D., Slater, L. and Crumley, E. (2004), A content analysis of librarianship research. Journal of Information Science, 30 (3), 227-239. Full Text: J\J Inf Sci29, 227.pdf Abstract: Objective. To conduct a content analysis of library and information studies (LIS) literature published in 2001 and test the domains developed by Crumley and Koufogiannakis. Methods: A comprehensive list of refereed library and information studies journals was compiled and reviewed independently by two researchers to derive a list of included journals. Articles published in 2001 from included journals were independently assessed for relevancy by two researchers. Researchers separately extracted and checked data from included articles. Results: 217 LIS journals were reviewed and 107 were included; 91 journals provided data. 2664 journal articles were examined, with 807 (30.3%) classified as research. The Top 10 journals for research published in 2001 were: 1) JASIST, 2) Scientometrics, 3) Info Proc Man; 4) Coll & Res Lib, 5) Tie: I Lib Adm/Bull Med 64 Lib Assn, 7) Libs & Culture, 8) J Doc, 9) Tie: J Info Sci/J Acad Libr. For the period studied, descriptive research (329 out of 807 articles) was published far more frequently than any other type. The domain Information Access & Retrieval had the highest number of research articles (314/807), followed by Collections (193/807), Management (135/807), Education (95/807) and Reference (77/807). Two new possible domains were identified: Library History and Professional Issues. Conclusions: Because 36 articles fell into the domain of Professional Issues, a case can be made to add this domain to Crumley and Koufogiannakis’ taxonomy. Library History was not added as a domain because historical research is not used for evidence-based decision-making. There was no evidence to support keeping the Marketing & Promotion domain. LISA provides the best coverage of the top 10 LIS research journals identified in this study. Keywords: Content Analysis, Evidence-Based Librarianship, Library and Information Studies Research, Library and Information Studies Periodicals, Research Domains, Information-Science Research, Research Articles, Periodical Literature, Structured Abstracts, Journal Articles, Library ? Harries, G., Wilkinson, D., Price, L., Fairclough, R. and Thelwall, M. (2004), Hyperlinks as a data source for science mapping. Journal of Information Science, 30 (5), 436-447. Full Text: 2004\J Inf Sci30, 436.pdf Abstract: Hyperlinks between academic web sites, like citations, can potentially be used to map disciplinary structures and identify evidence of connections between disciplines. In this paper we classified a sample of links originating in three different disciplines: maths, physics and sociology. Links within a discipline were found to be different in character to links between pages in different disciplines. There were also disciplinary differences in both types of link. As a consequence, we argue that interpretations of web science maps covering multiple disciplines will need to be sensitive to the contexts of the links mapped. Keywords: Citation, Citations, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Communication, Content Analysis, Domain Visualization, Hyperlinks, Information-Science, Interdisciplinary Relationships, Intradisciplinary Relationships, Mapping, Online Impact, Patterns, Scientometrics, University Web Sites, Web, Web Pages, Webometrics, Webometrics ? Kostoff, R.N. and Martinez, W.L. (2005), Is citation normalization realistic? Journal of Information Science, 31 (1), 57-61. Full Text: 2005\J Inf Sci31, 57.pdf Abstract: One method for assessing quality of research outputs across different technical disciplines is comparing citations received by the research output documents. However, cross-discipline citation comparison studies require discipline normalization, in order to eliminate discipline differences in cultural citation 65 practices and discipline differences in the number of active researchers available to cite. The ‘definition’ of, and number of documents used to represent, a discipline become critical. This study attempted to determine whether the citation characteristics (average, median) of a discipline’s domain stabilized as the domain’s size was decreased. A sample of papers (classified as research articles only, not review articles, by the Institute for Scientific Information) published in the journal Oncogene in 1999 was clustered hierarchically, and the citation averages and medians were computed for each cluster at different cluster hierarchical levels. The citation characteristics became increasingly stratified as the clusters were reduced in size, raising serious questions about the credibility of a selected denominator for normalization studies. An interesting side result occurred when all the retrieved articles were sorted by number of citations. Thirteen of the fifty most highly cited research articles had 100 or more references, whereas zero of the fifty least cited research articles had 100 or more references. Keywords: Citation Analysis, Citation Normalization, Document Clustering, Research, Research Evaluation ? Farber, M. (2005), Single-authored publications in the sciences at Israeli universities. Journal of Information Science, 31 (1), 62-66. Full Text: 2005\J Inf Sci31, 62.pdf Abstract: This Brief Communication examines the extent of publications written by a single author in different disciplines in Israeli universities. In the natural sciences the share of single-authored articles in the total amount of publications varies slightly between the different fields of science. A significant difference was found while comparing natural sciences as a whole with mathematics and a major one when compared with the social sciences and humanities. The conclusion is that the more theoretical is the research and the greater the share of the initial idea in the finished article, the higher the probability that a single person will publish it. Keywords: Co-Authorship, Cocitation Analysis, Datasources for Bibliometrics, Humanities, International Co-Authorship, Methodology of Bibliometrics, Patterns, Publications, Research, Sciences, Scientific Publishing Patterns, Single-Authored Publications, Social Sciences, Universities ? Osca-Lluch, J. and Haba, J. (2004), Dissemination of Spanish social sciences and humanities journals. Journal of Information Science, 31 (3), 230-237. Full Text: 2004\J Inf Sci31, 230.pdf Abstract: The presence of scholarly journals in international data bases promotes the dissemination of research results and also facilitates requests for specific articles or journals by end users. As scientists seek optimal visibility for their work and wish their results to be published in journals with high circulation, it is important to know which are the leading journals within each scientific area. This paper contains a 66 bibliometric study of scientific journals in the areas of Social Sciences and Humanities that are currently published in Spain, together with information concerning their production and circulation in the different national and international bibliographical data bases, publisher, scientific discipline, impact factor, frequency of publication, language and type of delivery used. Keywords: Spanish Scientific Journals, Humanities, Social Sciences, Bibliometrics, Scientific Journals, American Journals ? Moya-Anegón, F., Herrero-Solana, V. and Jiménez-Contreras, E. (2006), A connectionist and multivariate approach to science maps: The SOM, clustering and MDS applied to library science research and information. Journal of Information Science, 32 (1), 63-77. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 63.pdf Abstract: The visualization of scientific field structures is a classic of scientometric studies. This paper presents a domain analysis of the library and information science discipline based on author co-citation analysis (ACA) and journal cocitation analysis (JCA). The techniques used for map construction are the self-organizing map (SOM) neural algorithm, Ward’s clustering method and multidimensional scaling (MDS). The results of this study are compared with similar research developed by Howard White and Katherine McCain [1]. The methodologies used allow us to confirm that the subject domains identified in this paper are, as well, present in our study for the corresponding period. The appearance of studies pertaining to library science reveals the relationship of this realm with information science. Especially significant is the presence of the management on the journal maps. From a methodological standpoint, meanwhile, we would agree with those authors who consider MDS, the SOM and clustering as complementary methods that provide representations of the same reality from different analytical points of view. Even so, the MDS representation is the one offering greater possibilities for the structural representation of the clusters in a set of variables. Keywords: Author Co-Citation Analysis (ACA), Co-Citation, Cocitation Analysis, Context, Core, Domain Analysis, Journal Co-Citation Analysis (JCA), Journals, Library and Information Science Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Neural-Networks, Research, Retrieval, Science Research, Self-Organizing Map (SOM), Visualization ? Yu, G. and Li, Y.J. (2006), A scientometric assessment of the information loss caused by the delays in publication of Chinese science journals. Journal of Information Science, 32 (1), 78-87. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 78.pdf Abstract: Based on the second order plus time delay transfer function model of the journal publication delay process, we establish a mathematical model of information loss caused by publication delays. Then we collect elementary data on publication 67 delays from over 3000 articles in 18 Chinese journals in four subjects and respectively assess information loss caused by publication delays using the model; thus the validity of the model is demonstrated. The information loss caused by publication delays in Chinese science journals is serious, especially in mathematics. Final statistical and analytical results indicate that delays in publication of some Western journals are also noticeable. Keywords: Chinese Scientific Journal, Information Loss, Literature Publishing Process, Mathematical Model, Publication, Publication Delay ? Schloegl, C. and Gorraiz, J. (2006), Document delivery as a source for bibliometric analyses: the case of Subito. Journal of Information Science, 32 (3), 223-237. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 223.pdf Abstract: This paper deals with a bibliometric analysis of data from the document delivery service Subito. After a short introduction, Subito will be presented briefly. The main part reports on the design and the results of the study, which covers the following major topics: distribution of article orders to journals, identification of the core journals which contribute to most article supplies, subject distribution of the most requested journals, relation between the most requested (Subito) and the most cited journals (SCI), differences in age of ordered and cited articles, and dependency of journal requests on their subscription rates. As will be shown, most Subito article orders are covered by a relatively small number of journals, most of which are from life sciences, especially medicine. There is only a slight overlap between the most requested and the most cited journals suggesting that these two indicators represent different concepts. This is also confirmed by different obsolescence characteristics. The share of current publications is much higher among ordered than among cited articles. Finally, there was no evidence that articles of journals with higher subscription rates are ordered more often. Keywords: Age of Ordered Articles, Analysis, Article Orders, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation Frequency, Demand, Dependency, Document Delivery, Evidence, Identification, Indicators, Journal, Journal Requests, Journal Use, Journals, Life, Life Sciences, Medicine, Obsolescence, Publications, SCI, Sciences, Small, Subito ? Mccain, K.W. and Salvucci, L.J. (2006), How influential is Brooks’ law? A longitudinal citation context analysis of Frederick Brooks’ The Mythical Man-Month. Journal of Information Science, 32 (3), 277-295. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 277.pdf Abstract: Citation context analysis is used to demonstrate the diversity of concept symbols that a book-length publication can represent and the diffusion of influence of these concepts over time and across scholarly disciplines. A content analysis of 574 citation contexts from 497 journal articles citing an edition of Frederick P. 68 Brooks, Jr’s The Mythical Man-Month (MMM) over the period 1975-1999 showed that MMM represents a variety of different concepts and is cited in a wide range of subject areas. Over time, a high level of interest in MMM spread from software engineering and computer science to management and information systems, with different areas showing different patterns of focus on concepts within the work. ‘Brooks’ Law’ (the ‘mythical man-month’ or ‘adding more people to a late project makes it later’), accounted for less than 30% of the classified citation contexts. The findings contribute to our understanding of the diffusion of ideas in scholarly communication, and the diversity that can underlie the creation of a reference in a scholarly publication. Keywords: Analysis, Article, Big Science, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Context Analysis, Communication, Concept, Concept Symbols, Construction, Content Analysis, Creation, Diffusion, Diffusion of Ideas, Diversity, Economics, Engineering, Information, Information Systems, Journal, Knowledge, Law, Longitudinal, Longitudinal Citation Analysis, Management, P, Part II, Patterns, Publication, Quality, Range, Reference, Scholarly Communication, Science, Sociology, Software, Software Engineering, Systems ? Ortega, J.L., Aguillo, I. and Prieto, J.A. (2006), Longitudinal study of content and elements in the scientific web environment. Journal of Information Science, 32 (4), 344-351. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 344.pdf Abstract: This work is a longitudinal study of the evolution and the state of 738 web sites at two different points in time (1997 and 2004). It tries to establish the rate of growth and decay of the web and all the web elements. To this end, the structure and the contents of these web sites are extracted through a crawler and compared at the two different moments in time. The main results confirm a growth of web content and elements in the web, although there is also a high degree of web content decay. The results suggest that in the seven-year period covered by this study the web is characterized by both strong dynamism and instability. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Growth, Linkrot, Page, Web, Web Decay, Web Growth, Web Persistence, Webometrics ? Garcia-Zorita, C., Martin-Moreno, C., Lascurain-Sanchez, M.L. and Sanz-Casado, E. (2006), Institutional addresses in the Web of Science: The effects on scientific evaluation. Journal of Information Science, 32 (4), 378-383. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 378.pdf Abstract: The effectiveness of the analytical tools used for the evaluation of scientific activity has been enhanced by the availability of bibliographic databases, in particular the standard-setting Institute for Scientific Information databases, whose operating rules are widely accepted by the scientific community. One of these rules 69 is the availability in a single field of the institutional affiliations of all the authors of a paper. In practice this rule has been replaced by another, resulting from the inclusion of a new option, whereby records can be retrieved by the author’s reprint address (Reprint Address field). The outcome is diversity in the information on affiliation that may generate some degree of uncertainty in connection with institutional attribution when discrepancies arise between the information contained in the two fields, mainly when the only option available is the reprint address. The present study found a high degree of uncertainty, however, essentially for the period prior to Web of Science, in particular for scientific evaluation in peripheral countries such as Spain. Keywords: Activity, Affiliation Addresses, Analytical Tools, Bibliographic Databases, Bibliometric Studies, Citation, Citation Indexes, Community, Databases, Diversity, Effectiveness, Effects, Evaluation, Information, Institute For Scientific Information, Outcome, Paper, Practice, Spain, Spanish, Tools, Uncertainty, Web of Science ? Peñas, C.S. and Willett, P. (2006), Gender differences in publication and citation counts in librarianship and information science research. Journal of Information Science, 32 (5), 480-485. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 480.pdf Abstract: An analysis is presented of the publications by, and citations to, 57 male and 48 female academics in five departments of librarianship and information science. After taking account of differences in subject and differences in numbers of academics, it is shown that male academics publish significantly more papers on average than do female authors, but that there is no significant difference in the numbers of citations to published papers. Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Counts, Citations, Faculty, Gender Differences, Information Science, Librarianship, Library, Men, Papers, Publication, Publication Counts, Publications, Research, Research Productivity, Science, Science Research, Women ? Kostoff, R.N., Rigsby, J.T. and Barth, R.B. (2006), Brief communication - Adjacency and proximity searching in the Science Citation Index and Google. Journal of Information Science, 32 (6), 581-587. Full Text: 2006\J Inf Sci32, 581.pdf Abstract: We have developed simple algorithms that allow adjacency and proximity searching in Google and the Science Citation Index (SCI). The SCI algorithm exploits the fact that SCI stopwords in a search phrase function as a placeholder. Such a phrase serves effectively as a fixed adjacency condition determined by the number n of adjacent stopwords (i.e. retrieve all records where word A and word B are separated by n words in at least one location). The algorithm integrates over search phrases with different numbers of adjacent stopwords to provide a flexible 70 adjacency or proximity capability (i.e. retrieve all records where word A and word B are separated by n or fewer words in at least one location, where n is the maximum separation desired between A and B in at least one location). The Google algorithm exploits the fact that asterisks (in Google) separating words in a phrase function like word wildcards. The difference between two such phrases (the first phrase containing one fewer asterisk than the second phrase) serves effectively as a fixed adjacency or proximity condition, with the number of separating words equal to the number of asterisks in the first phrase. The algorithm integrates over these phrase differentials to provide a flexible adjacency or proximity capability (i.e. retrieve all records where word A and word B are separated by n or fewer words in at least one location, where n is the maximum separation desired between A and B in at least one location). Keywords: Adjacency Searching, Algorithm, Algorithms, Citation, Communication, Constrained Co-Occurrence Searching, Engineering Compendex, First, Function, Google, Information Retrieval, Location, Ovid, Proximity Searching, Pubmed, Query, Records, SCI, Science Citation Index, Search Engine, Separation, Yahoo ? Kostoff, R.N., del Rio, J.A., Cortes, H.D., Smith, C., Smith, A., Wagner, C., Leydesdorff, L., Karypis, G., Malpohl, G. and Tshiteya, R. (2007), Clustering methodologies for identifying country core competencies. Journal of Information Science, 33 (1), 21-40. Full Text: 2007\J Inf Sci33, 21.pdf Abstract: The technical structure of the Mexican science and technology literature was determined. A representative database of technical articles was extracted from the Science Citation Index for the year 2002, with each article containing at least one author with a Mexican address. Many different manual and statistical clustering methods were used to identify the structure of the technical literature (especially the science and technology core competencies), and to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Each method is summarized, and its results presented. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Bibliometrics, Clustering, Cluto, Computational Linguistics, Concept Clustering, Core, Core Competencies, Data Compression, Database Tomography, Document Clustering, Factor Analysis, Greedy String Tiling, Leximancer, Methods, Mexico, Network Analysis, Programs, Research Evaluation, Roadmaps, Science, Science and Technology, Science Citation Index, Strengths, Structure, Technical Intelligence, Technology, Trends, Words ? Goss, C., Lowenstein, S., Roberts, I. and DiGuiseppi, C. (2007), Identifying controlled studies of alcohol-impaired driving prevention: Designing an effective search strategy. Journal of Information Science, 33 (2), 151-162. Full Text: 2007\J Inf Sci33, 151.pdf Abstract: Database search strategies for systematic reviews are often developed subjectively and may miss relevant studies. We examined whether objective methods, 71 originally developed to identify systematic reviews, could be applied to a multidisciplinary topic, alcohol-impaired driving (AID). We performed word-frequency analyses of titles/abstracts/keywords on citations randomly selected from a ‘gold standard’ database of 131 controlled studies evaluating AID interventions. Identified words were tested in the Web of Science databases for sensitivity, precision, and feasibility. Words meeting varying sensitivity and precision thresholds were combined into search strategies. All threshold combinations with cumulative sensitivity of at least 75% retrieved 2:100,000 citations. The word frequency-based procedure was therefore modified, first by eliminating nonspecific words, then by categorizing and combining the remaining words. With these modifications, sensitivity was 80.0% and precision 4.4%, retrieving 17,565 citations. Against a validation set, sensitivity was 85.7% and precision 3.5%. To identify studies on multidisciplinary topics, objective methods may be useful initially but may need to be modified to meet sensitivity and feasibility targets. Keywords: Accuracy, Aid, Alcohol Drinking, Citations, Controlled Studies, Databases, Driving, Feasibility, Indexing, Information Retrieval, Information Systems, Interventions, Medline, Online Searching, Prevention, Program Evaluation, Science, Search Strategies, Strategy, Systematic, Systematic Reviews, Systematic Reviews, Topics, Validation, Web of Science ? Vinkler, P. (2007), Eminence of scientists in the light of the h-index and other scientometric indicators. Journal of Information Science, 33 (4), 481-491. Full Text: 2007\J Inf Sci33, 481.pdf Abstract: Scientometrics cannot offer a simple consistent method for measuring the scientific eminence of individuals. The h-index method introduced by Hirsch was found applicable for evaluating publications of senior scientists with similar publishing features, only. Some simple methods - using the number of citations and journal papers, and the number of citations obtained by the most frequently cited papers - are suggested and tested to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of such indexes. The results indicate that calculating scientometric indexes for individuals, self-citations should be excluded and the effect of the different bibliometric features of the field should be taken into account. The correctness of the indexes used for evaluating journal papers of individuals should be investigated also on the individual level. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citations, Eminence of Scientists, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Indicators, Journal, Methods, Papers, Publications, Publishing, Quality of Information, Scientometric, Scientometrics ? Szava-Kovats, E. (2008), Phenomenon and manifestation of the ‘Author’s Effect of Showcasing’ (AES): A literature science study, II. Very heterogeneous 72 documentedness of historically synchronous conference communications of a single natural science. Journal of Information Science, 34 (1), 45-69. Full Text: 2008\J Inf Sci34, 45.pdf Abstract: The ‘Author’s Effect of Showcasing’ (AES) is the activity of publishing authors who shape by their own free will the formal reference stock of their communications, placing this stock into the showcase of science. This paper reports the results of a decisive control test of the existence of the AES, processing 1175 historically synchronous physics conference communications. Applying methods of bibliometrics and science philology, the manifestation of the AES phenomenon is demonstrated and analysed in this theoretically most homogeneous domain of scientific literature. The widely differing documentedness in the communications of conferences held on particular topics of physics, especially the great differences in the size of the formal reference stocks in all extent categories of the communications depends solely on the person of the authors. This generally extremely heterogeneous documentedness is therefore valid evidence of the existence of the effect and its effective operation in the scientific literature. The correctness of the AES doctrine, including the correctness of two additional theses, has been demonstrated. Keywords: Authors, Bibliometrics, Collective Referencing ICR, Elite Journal Literature, Level, Literature, Physics, Publishing, Science ? Thelwall, M. (2008), Bibliometrics to webometrics. Journal of Information Science, 34 (4), 605-621. Full Text: 2008\J Inf Sci34, 605.pdf Abstract: Bibliometrics has changed out of all recognition since 1958; becoming established as a field, being taught widely in library and information science schools, and being at the core of a number of science evaluation research groups around the world. This was all made possible by the work of Eugene Garfield and his Science Citation Index. This article reviews the distance that bibliometrics has travelled since 1958 by comparing early bibliometrics with current practice, and by giving an overview of a range of recent developments, such as patent analysis, national research evaluation exercises, visualization techniques, new applications, online citation indexes, and the creation of digital libraries. Webometrics, a modern, fastgrowing offshoot of bibliometrics, is reviewed in detail. Finally, future prospects are discussed with regard to both bibliometrics and webometrics. Keywords: Analysis, Author Cocitation, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Index, Core, Digital Libraries, Evaluation, Exercises, Google Scholar, h-Index, Indexes, Information Science, Information-Science, Libraries, Library and Information Science, Log Analysis, Patent, Research, Research Evaluation, Reviews, RSS Feeds, Scholarly Publishing, Schools, Science, Science Citation Index, Science Evaluation, Scientific Literature, Search Engines, Visualization, Web Site 73 Interlinking, Webometrics ? Gorraiz, J. and Schloegl, C. (2008), A bibliometric analysis of pharmacology and pharmacy journals: Scopus versus Web of Science. Journal of Information Science, 34 (5), 715-725. Full Text: 2008\J Inf Sci34, 715.pdf Abstract: Our study examines the suitability of Scopus for bibliometric analyses in comparison with the Web of Science (WOS). In particular we want to explore if the outcome of bibliometric analyses differs between Scopus and WOS and, if yes, in which aspects. Since journal indicators vary among disciplines, we analysed only journals from the subject pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. Nonetheless, our study has also broader implications. Its major findings are: (a) Each top- 100 JCR pharmacy journal was covered by Scopus. (b) The impact factor was higher for 82 and the immediacy index greater for 78 journals in Scopus in 2005. Pharmacy journals with a high impact factor in the JCR usually have a high impact factor in Scopus. (c) Several medium impact journals could be identified in Scopus which were not reported in JCR. (d) The two databases differed in the number of articles within a tolerable margin of deviation for most journals. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Comparison Of Databases, Data Reliability, Databases, Immediacy Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Science, Sciences, Scopus, Web of Science ? Lopez-Illescas, C., Anegon, F.D. and Moed, H.F. (2009), Comparing bibliometric country-by-country rankings derived from the Web of Science and Scopus: The effect of poorly cited journals in oncology. Journal of Information Science, 35 (2), 244-256. Full Text: 2009\J Inf Sci35, 244.pdf Abstract: This article addresses the robustness of country-by-country rankings according to the number of published articles and their average citation impact in the field oncology. It compares rankings based on bibliometric indicators derived from the Web of Science (WoS) with those calculated from Scopus. It is found that the oncological journals in Scopus not covered by WoS tend to be nationally oriented journals, i.e. they mainly serve a national research community, and play as of yet a more peripheral role in the international journal communication system. In expanding the set of WoS journals with Scopus journals not indexed for WoS, the countries that profit most in terms of percentage of published documents tend to show a decline in their average citation rate. This paradoxical finding is further explained by mathematical-statistical considerations, and interpreted as a short term effect. The paper discusses its implications for the construction of bibliometric indicators. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation 74 Analysis, Communication, Community, Construction, Coverage, Databases, Field, Google-Scholar, Impact, Index, Indicators, International, Journal, Journal Impact Factor, Journals, National, of-Science, Oncology, Play, Profit, Rankings, Research, Research Performance, Robustness, Role, Science, Scopus, Term, Web of Science ? Cronin, B. and Meho, L.I. (2009), Receiving the French: A bibliometric snapshot of the impact of ‘French theory’ on information studies. Journal of Information Science, 35 (4), 398-413. Full Text: 2009\J Inf Sci35, 398.pdf Abstract: This study explores the extent to which ‘French theory’ (Bourdieu, Derrida, Foucault et al.) has left its mark on the scholarly literature of information studies. A bibliometric analysis reveals which theorists (and which works) have been most highly cited over the course of the last four decades. The study also identifies the information studies journals and scholars who have been the most frequent citers of French theorists. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, French Theory, Highly-Cited, Information Studies, Science ? Vinkler, P. (2009), The -index: A new indicator for assessing scientific impact. Journal of Information Science, 35 (5), 602-612. Full Text: 2009\J Inf Sci35, 602.pdf Abstract: There are several simple and sophisticated scientometric indicators generally applied in the literature (e.g. total number of publications and citations, citations per journal paper, relative citedness indexes, Hirsch index, etc.), which may characterize the publications of scientists both qualitatively and quantitatively. The calculation methods generally use data referring to the total set of papers studied. Scientific progress, however, may be attributed primarily to information in the highly cited publications. Therefore, a new indicator (-index) is suggested for comparative assessment of scientists active in similar subject fields. The pi-index is equal to one hundredth of the number of citations obtained to the top square root of the total number of journal papers (‘elite set of papers’) ranked by the decreasing number of citations. The relation of the -index to other indexes and its dependence on the field is studied, using data of journal papers of ‘highly cited researchers’. Keywords: Assessment, Bibliometric Indicators, Citations, Evaluation of Publications, h-Index, Highly Cited Papers, Highly Cited Papers, Highly-Cited, Hirsch Index, Hirsch-Index, Indicators, Performance, -Index, Publications, Science, Scientometric Indicators ? Hu, X.J., Rousseau, R. and Chen, J. (2010), In those fields where multiple authorship is the rule, the h-index should be supplemented by role-based h-indices. Journal of Information Science, 36 (1), 73-85. Full Text: 2010\J Inf Sci36, 73.pdf 75 Abstract: Collaboration patterns among scientists are becoming more and more complicated. Even sophisticated methods for taking the number of co-authors into account do not solve all problems related to the calculation of citation measures such as the h-index. In this article we introduce role-based h-indices and in particular the major contribution h-index, denoted as h-maj, which takes only those articles into account in which the scientist plays a major or core role. As an example we provide major contribution indices for scientists in the health sciences in China. Differences between the h-index and h-maj are shown for data based on the Web of Science (WoS), and separately, based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. It is suggested to use the major contribution h-index as a supplementary index, especially in those fields where multiple ‘first authors’ and/or corresponding authors are common. Keywords: Authors, Authorship, China, Citation, Collaboration, Consequences, Contribution, Credit, h Index, h-Index, h-Indices, Health Sciences, Hirsch-Type Indexes, Journals, Knowledge, Major Contribution h-Index, Publication, Role-Based h-Indices, Science, Sciences, Scientific-Research Output, Web of Science, WOS ? Lee, J.Y., Kim, H. and Kim, P.J. (2010), Domain analysis with text mining: Analysis of digital library research trends using profiling methods. Journal of Information Science, 36 (2), 144-161. Full Text: 2010\J Inf Sci36, 144.pdf Abstract: This study analysed the research domain ‘digital library’ from the perspective of library and information science. The authors searched keywords digital library/digital libraries in database LISA from 1994 to 2008. Fifty-four journals and 120 descriptors were selected and analysed with profiling, parallel nearest neighbour clustering and cluster-based network methods. Phase 1 included fundamental research (with main descriptor electronic media); Phase 2 research was related to user studies; Phase 3 research was related to metadata. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Clustering, Database, Database Tomography, Digital Library, Domain Analysis, Information Science, Journals, Methods, Profiling Methods, Research, Research Trends, Science, Text Mining, Text-Mining, Trends ? Ding, Y. (2010), Semantic Web: Who is who in the field: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Information Science, 36 (3), 335-356. Full Text: 2010\J Inf Sci36, 335.pdf Abstract: The Semantic Web (SW) is one of the main efforts aiming to enhance human and machine interaction by representing data in an understandable way for machines to mediate data and services. It is a fast-moving and multidisciplinary field. This study conducts a thorough bibliometric analysis of the field by collecting data from Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus for the period of 1960-2009. It utilizes a total of 44,157 papers with 651,673 citations from Scopus, and 22,951 papers with 571,911 76 citations from WOS. Based on these papers and citations, it evaluates the research performance of the SW by identifying the most productive players, major scholarly communication media, highly cited authors, influential papers and emerging stars. Keywords: Analysis, Author Cocitation Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation Analysis, Citations, Communication, Highly-Cited, Human, Impact, Impact Analysis, Information-Science, Network Analysis, Papers, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Performance, Scholarly Communication, Science, Scopus, Semantic Web, Systems, Technology, Web of Science ? Sugimoto, C.R. and Mccain, K.W. (2010), Visualizing changes over time: A history of information retrieval through the lens of descriptor tri-occurrence mapping. Journal of Information Science, 36 (4), 481-493. Full Text: 2010\J Inf Sci36, 481.pdf Abstract: This study provides an historical analysis of the discipline of information retrieval (IR) for three time periods: 1980-1984, 1990-1994 and 2000-2004. This analysis is done through the use of a novel bibliometric technique called tri-occurrence analysis, in which the descriptor ‘information retrieval’ is used as a filter term within the traditional technique of co-occurrence analysis. The resulting data is visualized by means of Pathfinder Network analysis. The findings provide evidence of an evolution in the IR landscape over the three decades from an emphasis on systems-, storage- and education-related research in the 1980s to database-, user interface- and information service-related research in the 1990s and to web-related research in the 2000s. This work provides additional validation of the use of tri-occurrence analysis as a useful bibliometric technique. Keywords: Author Cocitation Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Co-Word Analysis, Documents, Image, Information Retrieval, Intellectual Structure, Networks, Online, Science, Scientific Literature ? Huang, M.H. and Chang, Y.W. (2011), A study of interdisciplinarity in information science: Using direct citation and co-authorship analysis. Journal of Information Science, 37 (4), 369-378. Full Text: 2011\J Inf Sci37, 369.pdf Abstract: This study uses two bibliometric methods, direct citation and co-authorship, to investigate the interdisciplinary changes in information sciences during 1978-2007. The disciplines of references and co-authors from five information science journals were analysed. Furthermore, Brillouin’s Index was adopted to measure the degree of interdisciplinarity. The study revealed that information science researchers have cited the publications of library and information science (LIS) most frequently. The co-authors of information science articles are also primarily from the discipline of LIS, but the percentage of references to LIS is much higher. This indicates that information science researchers mainly rely on publications in LIS, and they often 77 produce scientific papers with researchers from LIS. The discipline rankings generated by direct citation and co-authorship show a significant consistency via Spearman’s correlation coefficient test. The interdisciplinary degree of information science has displayed growth. In particular, the degree of interdisciplinarity for co-authors has grown. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Methods, Citation, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Cocitation, Direct Citation, Information, Information Science, Interdisciplinarity, Interdisciplinary Analysis, International Collaboration, Journals, LIS, Network, Papers, Publications, Rankings, Researchers, Science, Sciences, Social-Sciences ? Mahmood, I., Hartley, R. and Rowley, J. (2011), Scientific communication in Libya in the digital age. Journal of Information Science, 37 (4), 379-390. Full Text: 2011\J Inf Sci37, 379.pdf Abstract: This study seeks to understand the scientific communication activities of Libyan scientists, and their engagement with scientific publishing. The research embraces both formal and informal communication, and explores that behaviour in the context of a developing country, Libya. A mixed methods approach including desk research, a bibliometric study of recent scientific output, interviews with key informants, and a questionnaire survey with scientists is used to gather rich data and to generate deep insights into scientific communication behaviours. Findings suggest that Libyan scientists affirm the centrality of scientific communication to successful science, but that the nature of communication is influenced by national and other cultures, and in particular, Libyan scientists value informal scientific communication. They also both access and publish in e-journals and in open access sources but are aware of a range of barriers to scientific communication in the digital age. Keywords: Activities, Barriers, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Centrality, Communication, Developing Countries, Electronic Publishing, Impact, Information-Technology, Libya, Minds, Mixed Methods, Open Access, Publishing, Questionnaire, Questionnaire Survey, Research, Scholarly Communication, Scholarly Communication, Science, Scientific Communication, Scientific Output, Survey ? Thornley, C.V., McLoughlin, S.J., Johnson, A.C. and Smeaton, A.F. (2011), A bibliometric study of Video Retrieval Evaluation Benchmarking (TRECVid): A methodological analysis. Journal of Information Science, 37 (6), 577-593. Full Text: 2011\J Inf Sci37, 577.pdf Abstract: This paper provides a discussion and analysis of methodological issues encountered during a scholarly impact and bibliometric study within the field of Computer Science (TRECVid Text Retrieval and Evaluation Conference, Video Retrieval Evaluation). The purpose of this paper is to provide a reflection and 78 analysis of the methods used to provide useful information and guidance for those who may wish to undertake similar studies, and is of particular relevance for the academic disciplines which have publication and citation norms that may not perform well using traditional tools. Scopus and Google Scholar are discussed and a detailed comparison of the effects of different search methods and cleaning methods within and between these tools for subject and author analysis is provided. The additional database capabilities and usefulness of ‘Scopus More’ in addition to ‘Scopus General’ are discussed and evaluated. Scopus paper coverage is found to favourably compare with Google Scholar but Scholar consistently has superior performance at finding citations to those papers. These additional citations significantly increase the citation totals and also change the relative ranking of papers. Publish or Perish, a software wrapper for Google Scholar, is also examined and its limitations and some possible solutions are described. Data cleaning methods, including duplicate checks, expert domain checking of bibliographic data, and content checking of retrieved papers, are compared and their relative effects on paper and citation count discussed. Google Scholar and Scopus are also compared as tools for collecting bibliographic data for visualizations of developing trends and, owing to the comparative ease of collecting abstracts, Scopus is found far more effective. Keywords: Analysis, Author, Benchmarking, Bibliographic, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Bibliometrics, Capabilities, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Conference, Counts, Coverage, Evaluation, Google Scholar, H-Index, Impact, Information, Journals, Methodology, Papers, Publication, Publish or Perish, Ranking, Research Evaluation, Science, Scopus, Software, Traditional, Trecvid, Trends, Video Retrieval, Visualization, Web-of-Science 79 Title: Journal of Information Science, Principles & Practice Full Journal Title: Journal of Information Science, Principles & Practice ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0165-5515 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Nazim Ali, S. (1993), Subject relationship between articles determined by co-occurrence of keywords in citing and cited titles. Journal of Information Science, Principles & Practice, 19 (3), 225-231. Full Text: J Inf Sci Pri Pra19, 225.pdf Abstract: It is assumed that a paper which cites an earlier document shares a subject relationship with that particular document. In order to determine if this assumption is valid, a study was conducted by analysing 1000 articles from the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index. These articles were selected in ten different disciplines by using a purposive sampling technique. Various Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient tests were computed to find out if a subject relationship existed between the articles which have the same keywords in their titles (parent articles and related records). Through the analysis the hypothesis has been verified showing that there is a relationship between the articles which are citing the same references. This was determined by co-occurrences of the same keywords among the shared references. However, there are some unique differences in the science and the social science disciplines that exist in these two databases. Keywords: Analysis, Databases, Records, Sampling, Science, Science Citation Index, Social 80 Title: Journal of Information Technology Full Journal Title: Journal of Information Technology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Weerakkody, V., Dwivedi, Y.K. and Irani, Z. (2009), The diffusion and use of institutional theory: A cross-disciplinary longitudinal literature survey. Journal of Information Technology, 24 (4), 354-368. Full Text: 2009\J Inf Tec24, 354.pdf Abstract: There is a plethora of theories to explore the disciplines of business, management and sociology, with institutional theory being widely used to explore a range of research challenges. In the area of Information Systems (IS), the use of institutional theory remains in its infancy, with much potential for adoption. Much of the rationale underpinning the proposed research is that a systematic review and synthesis of the normative literature may support the direction of further research and the use of institutional theory in exploring pertinent research challenges facing the IS community. This study also serves to signpost cross-disciplinary research, and thus opens up a whole new research paradigm. Therefore, this article seeks to provide a bibliometric analysis and a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature pertaining to institutional theory to ascertain the current ‘state of play’ of the theory. Information on a series of variables was extracted after conducting a review of 511 articles across various disciplines that have utilised institutional theory, published in 210 peer-reviewed journals between 1978 and 2008. The findings suggest that the positivist paradigm, empirical and quantitative research, the survey method and organisation/firm as a unit of analysis was used predominantly in combination with institutional theory. The results of this study may have implications for researchers, journal editors, reviewers and universities. Journal of Information Technology (2009) 24, 354-368. doi: 10.1057/jit.2009.16 Published online 29 September 2009. Keywords: Assimilation, Bibliometric Analysis, Communication Technologies, Diffusion, Electronic Data Interchange, Health-Care, Industry, Information Systems 81 Research, Information-Systems Research, Innovation, Institutional Theory, Institutionalisation, Institutionalism, Isomorphism, Longitudinal Literature Review, Organizations, Perspective, Research, Systematic Review, Universities 82 Title: Journal of Informetrics Full Journal Title: Journal of Informetrics ISO Abbrev. Title: J. Informetr. JCR Abbrev. Title: J Informetr ISSN: 1751-1577 Issues/Year: 4 Language: English Journal Country/Territory: Netherlands Publisher: Elsevier Science BV Publisher Address: PO BOX 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands Subject Categories: Information Science & Library Science: Impact Factor 3.379, 4/66 (2009) ? Frandsen, T.F. (2007), Journal self-citations - Analysing the JIF mechanism. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (1), 47-58. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 47.pdf Abstract: This paper investigates the mechanism of the Journal Impact Factor (JIF). Although created as a journal selection tool the indicator is probably the central quantitative indicator for measuring journal quality. The focus is journal self-citations as the treatment of these in analyses and evaluations is highly disputed. The role of self-citations (both self-citing rate and self-cited rate) is investigated on a larger scale in this analysis in order to achieve statistical reliable material that can further qualify that discussion. Some of the hypotheses concerning journal self-citations are supported by the results and some are not. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Impact Factors, Indicators, Journal Impact Factor, Multiple Linear Regression, Output, Publication, Self Citations ? Glänzel, W. (2007), Characteristic scores and scales: A bibliometric analysis of subject characteristics based on long-term citation observation. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (1), 92-102. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 92.pdf Abstract: In an earlier paper by Glänzel and Schubert [Glänzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1988a). Characteristic scores and scales in assessing citation impact. Journal of Information Science, 14(2), 123–127; Glänzel, W., & Schubert, A. (1988b). Theoretical and empirical studies of the tail of scientometric distributions. In L. Egghe, & R. Rousseau (Eds.), Informetrics: Vols. 87/88, (pp. 75–83). Elsevier Science Publisher B.V.], a method for classifying ranked observations into self-adjusting categories was developed. This parameter-free method, which was 83 called method of characteristic scores and scales, is independent of any particular bibliometric law. The objective of the present study is twofold. In the theoretical part, the analysis of its properties for the general form of the Pareto distribution will be extended and deepened; in the empirical part the citation history of individual scientific disciplines will be studied. The chosen citation window of 21 years makes it possible to analyse dynamic aspects of the method, and proves sufficiently large to also obtain stable patterns for each of the disciplines. The theoretical findings are supplemented by regularities derived from the long-term observations. Keywords: Analysis, Assessing, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Characteristics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Disciplinary Citation Impact, Distribution, Distributions, Dynamic, Empirical Studies, Extreme Values, General, Generalized Waring Distribution, History, Impact, Indicators, Law, Long Term, Long-Term, Long-Term Citation Impact, Observation, Pareto, Pareto Distribution, Rights, Scales, Science, Scientific Literature, Scientometric, Stochastic-Model, Truncated Moments ? Kostoff, R.N. and Geisler, E. (2007), The unintended consequences of metrics in technology evaluation. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 103-114. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 103.pdf Abstract: This paper describes science and technology (S&T) metrics, especially impact of metrics on strategic management. The main messages to be conveyed from this paper are: (1) metrics play many roles in supporting management of the S&T enterprise; (2) metrics can influence S&T development incentives; (3) incorrect selection and implementation of metrics can have negative unintended consequences on the research and research documentation generated and (4) before implementing metrics, an organization should identify and evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of the specific metrics’ implementation, and identify the impact of these consequences on the organization’s core mission. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Development, Documentation, Evaluation, Impact, Innovation, Management, Metrics, Performance-Measurement, Research, Research Documentation, Research Evaluation, Research Policy, Research-and-Development, Rights, Science, Science and Technology, Scientometrics, Search, Strategic Management, Strategy, System, Technology, Unintended Consequences ? Egghe, L. (2007), General evolutionary theory of information production processes and applications to the evolution of networks. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 115-122. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 115.pdf Abstract: Evolution of information production processes (IPPs) can be described by a general transformation function for the sources and for the items. It generalises the Fellman-Jakobsson transformation which only works on the items. In this paper the 84 dual informetric theory of this double transformation, defined by the rank-frequency function, is described by, e.g. determining the new size-frequency function. The special case of power law transformations is studied thereby showing that a Lotkaian system is transformed into another Lotkaian system, described by a new Lotka exponent. We prove that the new exponent is smaller (larger) than the original one if and only if the change in the sources is smaller (larger) than that of the items. Applications to the study of the evolution of networks are given, including cases of deletion of nodes and/or links but also applications to other fields are given. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Deletion, Evolution, Function, Information, Information Production Process, IPP, Law, Lotka, Network, Rights, Theory, Transformation, Zipf ? Soler, J.M. (2007), A rational indicator of scientific creativity. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 123-130. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 123.pdf Abstract: A model is proposed for the creation and transmission of scientific knowledge, based on the network of citations among research articles. The model allows to assign to each article a non-negative value for its creativity, i.e. its creation of new knowledge. If the entire publication network is truncated to the first neighbors of an article (the n references that it makes and the m citations that it receives), its creativity value becomes a simple function of n and m. After splitting the creativity of each article among its authors, the cumulative creativity of an author is then proposed as an indicator of her or his merit of research. In contrast with other merit indicators, this creativity index yields similar values for the top scientists in two very different areas (life sciences and physics), thus offering good promise for interdisciplinary analyses. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citation Analysis, Citation Network, Citations, First, Function, Indicators, Interdisciplinary, Knowledge, Knowledge Flow, Life, Life Sciences, Model, Network, Physics, Publication, Research, Research Merit, Rights, Science Citation Index, Sciences, Scientific Creativity ? Prabowo, R., Thelwall, M. and Alexandrov, M. (2007), Generating overview timelines for major events in an RSS corpus. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 131-144. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 131.pdf Abstract: Really simple syndication (RSS) is becoming a ubiquitous technology for notifying users of new content in frequently updated web sites, such as blogs and news portals. This paper describes a feature-based, local clustering approach for generating over-view timelines for major events, such as the tsunami tragedy, from a general-purpose corpus of RSS feeds. In order to identify significant events, we automatically (1) selected a set of significant terms for each day; (2) built a set of (term-co-term) pairs and (3) clustered the pairs in an attempt to group contextually 85 related terms. The clusters were assessed by 10 people, finding that the average percentage apparently representing significant events was 68.6%. Using these clusters, we generated overview timelines for three major events: the tsunami tragedy, the US election and bird flu. The results indicate that our approach is effective in identifying predominantly genuine events, but can only produce partial timelines. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Clustering, Feature Selection, Overview Timeline, Portals, Rights, Technology, US, Web ? Lundberg, J. (2007), Lifting the crown-citation z-score. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 145-154. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 145.pdf Abstract: Researchers worldwide are increasingly being assessed by the citation rates of their papers. These rates have potential impact on academic promotions and funding decisions. Currently there are several different ways that citation rates are being calculated, with the state of the art indicator being the crown indicator. This indicator has flaws and improvements could be considered. An item oriented field normalized citation score average ((c) over bar (f)) is an incremental improvement as it differs from the crown indicatorin so much as normalization takes place on the level of individual publication (or item) rather than on aggregated levels, and therefore assigns equal weight to each publication. The normalization on item level also makes it possible to calculate the second suggested indicator: total field normalized citation score (Sigma c(f)). A more radical improvement (or complement) is suggested in the item oriented field normalized logarithm-based citation z-score average ((c) over bar (fz[ln]) or citation z-score). This indicator assigns equal weight to each included publication and takes the citation rate variability of different fields into account as well as the skewed distribution of citations over publications. Even though the citation z-score could be considered a considerable improvement it should not be used as a sole indicator of research performance. Instead it should be used as one of many indicators as input for informed peer review. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Art, Citation, Citations, Index, Indicator, Indicators, Normalization, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Potential, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Assessment, Research Performance, Review, Rights, Science, Variability, Z-Score ? Mansilla, R., Koppen, E., Cocho, G. and Miramontes, P. (2007), On the behavior of journal impact factor rank-order distribution. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 155-160. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 155.pdf Abstract: An empirical law for the rank-order behavior of journal impact factors is found. Using an extensive data base on impact factors including journals on education, agrosciences, geosciences, mathematics, chemistry, medicine, engineering, 86 physics, biosciences and environmental, computer and material sciences, we have found extremely good fittings outperforming other rank-order models. Based in our results, we propose a two-exponent Lotkaian Informetrics. Some extensions to other areas of knowledge are discussed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Behavior, Chemistry, Data Base, Education, Environmental, Geosciences, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journal, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factors, Journals, Knowledge, Law, Lotkaian Informetrics, Medicine, Model, Models, Power Laws, Rights, Sciences, Zipf’s Law ? Norris, M. and Oppenheim, C. (2007), Comparing alternatives to the Web of Science for coverage of the social sciences’ literature. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 161-169. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 161.pdf Abstract: The Web of Science is no longer the only database which offers citation indexing of the social sciences. Scopus, CSA Illumina and Google Scholar are new entrants in this market. The holdings and citation records of these four databases were assessed against two sets of data one drawn from the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise and the other from the International bibliography of the Social Sciences. Initially, CSA Illumina’s cove-rage at journal title level appeared to be the most comprehensive. But when recall and average citation count was tested at article level and rankings extrapolated by submission frequency to individual journal titles, Scopus was ranked first. When issues of functionality, the quality of record processing and depth of coverage are taken into account, Scopus and Web of Science have a significant advantage over the other two databases. From this analysis, Scopus offers the best coverage from amongst these databases and could be used as an alternative to the Web of Science as a tool to evaluate the research impact in the social sciences. (c) 2007 Charles Oppenheim. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Alternative, Alternatives, Analysis, Citation, Csa Illumina Google Scholar Research Impact, Database, First, Google-Scholar, Journal, Literature, Market, Quality, Rae, Rankings, Record, Records, Research, Rights, Sciences, Scopus, Social Sciences, Web of Science ? Burrell, Q.L. (2007), On the h-index, the size of the Hirsch core and Jin’s A-index. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (2), 170-177. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 170.pdf Abstract: Hirsch’s h-index seeks to give a single number that in some sense summarizes an author’s research output and its impact. Essentially, the h-index seeks to identify the most productive core of an author’s output in terms of most received citations. This most productive set we refer to as the Hirsch core, or h-core. Jin’s A-index relates to the average impact, as measured by the average number of citations, of this 87 “most productive” core. In this paper, we investigate both the total productivity of the Hirsch core - what we term the size of the h-core - and the A-index using a previously proposed stochastic model for the publication/citation process, emphasising the importance of the dynamic, or time-dependent, nature of these measures. We also look at the inter-relationships between these measures. Numerical investigations suggest that the A-index is a linear function of time and of the h-index, while the size of the Hirsch core has an approximate square-law relationship with time, and hence also with the A-index and the h-index. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citations, Function, h-Index, Hirsch H-Core, Hirsch h-Index, Informetric Process, Jin A-Index, Model, Research, Rights, Size, Stochastic Model ? Schubert, A. and Glänzel, W. (2007), A systematic analysis of Hirsch-type indices for journals. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 179-184. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 179.pdf Abstract: A theoretical model of the dependence of Hirsch-type indices on the number of publications and the average citation rate is tested successfully on empirical samples of journal h-indices. Keywords: Analysis, Citation, h-Index, Impact Factor, Journal, Journals, Model, Pareto Distribution, Publications, Ranking ? Beirlant, J., Glanzel, W., Carbonez, A. and Leemans, H. (2007), Scoring research output using statistical quantile plotting. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 185-192. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 185.pdf Abstract: In this paper, we propose two methods for scoring scientific output based on statistical quantile plotting. First, a resealing of journal impact factors for scoring scientific output on a macro level is proposed. It is based on normal quantile plotting which allows to transform impact data over several subject categories to a standardized distribution. This can be used in comparing scientific output of larger entities such as departments working in quite different areas of research. Next, as an alternative to the Hirsch index [Hirsch, J.E. (2005). An index to quantify an individuals scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(46), 16569-16572], the extreme value index is proposed as an indicator for assessment of the research performance of individual scientists. In case of Lotkaian-Zipf-Pareto behaviour of citation counts of an individual, the extreme value index can be interpreted as the slope in a Pareto-Zipf quantile plot. This index, in contrast to the Hirsch index, is not influenced by the number of publications but stresses the decay of the statistical tail of citation counts. It appears to be much less sensitive to the science field than the Hirsch index. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Alternative, Assessment, Behaviour, Citation, Citation Counts, Extreme 88 Value Index, Hirsch Index, Impact, Impact Factors, Index, Indicator, Journal, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factors, Methods, Normal Quantile Plot, Pareto Quantile Plot, Publications, Quantile Plots, Research, Research Performance, Rights, Science, Scientific Output, Scientific Research, Standardizing, United States ? Costas, R. and Bordons, M. (2007), The h-index: Advantages, limitations and its relation with other bibliometric indicators at the micro level. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 193-203. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 193.pdf Abstract: The relationship of the h-index with other bibliometric indicators at the micro level is analysed for Spanish CSIC scientists in Natural Resources, using publications downloaded from the Web of Science (1994-2004). Different activity and impact indicators were obtained to describe the research performance of scientists in different dimensions, being the h-index located through factor analysis in a quantitative dimension highly correlated with the absolute number of publications and citations. The need to include the remaining dimensions in the analysis of research performance of scientists and the risks of relying only on the h-index are stressed. The hypothesis that the achievement of some highly visible but intermediate-productive authors might be underestimated when compared with other scientists by means of the h-index is tested. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Achievement, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Citations, Factor Analysis, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Indicators, Individual Scientific Assessment, Individual Scientific Performance, Journals, Micro-Level Studies, Output, Publication, Publications, Ranking, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Performance, Rights, Risks, Science, Scientists, System, Web of Science ? Bommann, L. and Daniel, H.D. (2007), Convergent validation of peer review decisions using the h index - Extent of and reasons for type I and type II errors. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 204-213. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 204.pdf Abstract: Hirsch [Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(46), 16569-16572] has proposed the h index as a single-number criterion to evaluate the scientific output of a researcher. We investigated the convergent validity of decisions for awarding long-term fellowships to post-doctoral researchers as practiced by the Boehringer Ingelheim Fonds (B.I.F.) by using the h index. Our study examined 414 B.I.F. applicants (64 approved and 350 rejected) with a total of 1586 papers. The results of our study show that the applicants’ h indices correlate substantially with standard bibliometric indicators. Even though the h indices of approved B.I.F. applicants on average (arithmetic mean 89 and median) are higher than those of rejected applicants (and with this, fundamentally confirm the validity of the funding decisions), the distributions of the h indices show in part overlaps that we categorized as type I error (falsely drawn approval) or type II error (falsely drawn rejection). Approximately, one-third of the decisions to award a fellowship to an applicant show a type I error, and about one-third of the decisions not to award a fellowship to an applicant show a type II error. Our analyses of possible reasons for these errors show that the applicant’s field of study but not personal ties between the B.I.F. applicant and the B.I.F. can increase or decrease the risks for type I and type II errors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Committee, Convergent Validity, Error, Fairness, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Indicators, Journals, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Predictive-Validity, Publications, Research, Research Performance, Review, Rights, Risks, Scientific Output, Scientific Research, Scientists, Selection, Standard, Type I and Type II Errors, Type II Error, United States, Validation, Validity ? Borner, K., Hardy, E., Herr, B., Holloway, T. and Paley, W.B. (2007), Taxonomy visualization in support of the semi-automatic validation and optimization of organizational schemas. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 214-225. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 214.pdf Abstract: Never before in history has mankind produced and had access to so much data, information, knowledge, and expertise as today. To organize, access, and manage these valuable assets effectively, we use taxonomies, classification hierarchies, ontologies, controlled vocabularies, and other approaches. We create directory structures for our files. We use organizational hierarchies to structure our work environment. However, the design and continuous update of these organizational schemas with potentially thousands of class nodes organizing millions of entities is challenging for any human being. The taxonomy visualization and validation (TV) tool introduced in this paper supports the semi-automatic validation and optimization of organizational schemas such as file directories, classification hierarchies, taxonomies, or other structures imposed on a data set for organization, access, and naming. By showing the “goodness of fit” for a schema and the potentially millions of entities it organizes, the TV tool eases the identification and reclassification of misclassified information entities, the identification of classes that grow too large, the evaluation of the size and homogeneity of existing classes, the examination of the “well-formedness” of an organizational schema, and more. As a demonstration, the TV tool is applied to display and examine the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent classification, which organizes more than three million patents into about 160,000 distinct patent classes. The paper concludes with a discussion and an 90 outlook to future work. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Access, Classification, Classification Hierarchy, Environment, Evaluation, Examination, History, Human, Identification, Information, Knowledge, Ontology, Optimization, Patent, Patents, Reclassification, Rights, Schema, Size, Structure, Taxonomy, United States, Validation, Visualization, Work ? Bornmann, L., Mutz, R. and Daniel, H.D. (2007), Gender differences in grant peer review: A meta-analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 226-238. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 226.pdf Abstract: Narrative reviews of peer review research have concluded that there is negligible evidence of gender bias in the awarding of grants based on peer review. Here, we report the findings of a meta-analysis of 21 studies providing, to the contrary, evidence of robust gender differences in grant award procedures. Even though the estimates of the gender effect vary substantially from study to study, the model estimation shows that all in all, among grant applicants men have statistically significant greater odds of receiving grants than women by about 7%. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bias, Estimates, Evidence, Gender, Gender Bias, Gender Differences, Gender Effect, Grant Peer Review, Men, Meta-Analysis, Model, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Procedures, Research, Review, Rights, Science, Women ? Craig, L.D., Plume, A.M., McVeigh, M.E., Pringle, J. and Amin, M. (2007), Do open access articles have greater citation impact? A critical review of the literature. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 239-248. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 239.pdf Abstract: The last few years have seen the emergence of several open access options in scholarly communication which can broadly be grouped into two areas referred to as ‘gold’ and ‘green’ open access (OA). In this article we review the literature examining the relationship between OA status and citation counts of scholarly articles. Early studies showed a correlation between the free online availability or OA status of articles and higher citation counts, and implied causality without due consideration of potential confounding factors. More recent investigations have dissected the nature of the relationship between article CA status and citations. Three non-exclusive postulates have been proposed to account for the observed citation differences between OA and non-OA articles: an open access postulate, a selection bias postulate, and an early view postulate. The most rigorous study to date (in condensed matter physics) showed that, after controlling for the early view postulate, the remaining difference in citation counts between OA and non-OA articles is explained by the selection bias postulate. No evidence was found to support the OA postulate per se; i.e. article OA status alone has little or no effect on citations. Further studies using a similarly rigorous approach are required to determine the generality 91 of this finding. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Access, Availability, Bias, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Counts, Citations, Communication, Early View, Evidence, Gold, Literature, Open Access, Potential, Quality Bias, Review, Rights, Scholarly Communication ? Liang, L. and Rousseau, R. (2007), Transformations of basic publication-citation matrices. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (3), 249-255. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 249.pdf Abstract: Basic publication-citation matrices are used to calculate informetric indicators such as journal impact factors or R-sequences. Transforming these publication-citation matrices clarifies the construction of other indicators. In this article, some transformations are highlighted together with some of their invariants. Such invariants offer a rigorous mathematically founded way of comparing informetric matrices before and after a transformation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Basic Publication-Citation Matrices, Generalized Impact Factors, Impact, Impact Factors, Indicators, Informetric Transformations, Invariants, Journal, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factors, R-Sequences, Rhythm, Rights, Science, Transformation ? Egghe, L. and Proot, G. (2007), The estimation of the number of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (4), 257-268. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 257.pdf Abstract: A probabilistic model is presented to estimate the number of lost multi-copy documents, based on retrieved ones. For this, we only need the number of retrieved documents of which we have one copy and the number of retrieved documents of which we have two copies. If we also have the number of retrieved documents of which we have three copies then we are also able to estimate the number of copies of the documents that ever existed (assumed that this number is fixed over all documents). Simulations prove the stability of the model. The model is applied to the estimation of the number of lost printed programmes of Jesuit theatre plays in the Provincia Flandro-Belgica before 1773. This Jesuit province was an administrative entity of the order, which was territorially slightly larger in extent than present day Flanders, the northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium. It is noted that the functional model P-j for the fraction of retrieved documents with j copies is a size-frequency function satisfying (Pj+1/P-j)/(P-j/Pj-1)<1 for all j. It is further noted that the “classical” size-frequency functions are different: Lotka’s function satisfies the opposite inequality and the decreasing exponential one gives always 1 for the above ratio, hence showing that we are in a new type of informetrics theory. We also provide a mathematical rationale for the “book historical law” stating that the 92 probability to lose a copy of a multi-copy document (i.e. an edition) is an increasing function of the size of the edition. The paper closes with some open problems and a description of other potential applications of this probabilistic model. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Belgium, Book Historical Law, Function, Functions, Inequality, Informetrics, Model, Multi-Copy Document, Multi-Copy Documents, Potential, Size, Stability, Theory ? Han, Y.J. (2007), Measuring industrial knowledge stocks with patents and papers. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (4), 269-276. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 269.pdf Abstract: Under the National Innovation System (NIS) framework, knowledge stock has been recognized as a key factor for enhancing national innovative capabilities. However, despite the importance of patents and papers for measuring knowledge, previous research has not fully utilized patent and paper databases, and has instead relied on research and development (R&D) data. Therefore, in this research, I introduce a way to utilize both types of useful data when measuring industrial knowledge stocks. As primary data sources, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) Web site for patents and the science citation index (SCI) for papers are used. In the case of Korea, the amount of knowledge stock proxied by patents and papers is different from that proxied by R&D, which indicates in turn that using a single indicator such as R&D may be misleading. Although the result may vary depending on the selected nation, the proposed method will be useful for gauging knowledge stocks in a more complementary way. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citation, Complementary, Development, Flows, Framework, Indicator, Industrial Knowledge Stock, Knowledge, Korea, Papers, Patent, Patents, Primary, Productivity Growth, Research, Research and Development, Rights, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, The SCI Database, The USPTO Web Site, United States ? Lambiotte, R., Ausloos, M. and Thelwall, A. (2007), Word statistics in Blogs and RSS feeds: Towards empirical universal evidence. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (4), 277-286. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 277.pdf Abstract: We focus on the statistics of word occurrences and of the waiting times between such occurrences in Blogs. Due to the heterogeneity of words’ frequencies, the empirical analysis is performed by studying classes of “frequently-equivalent” words, i.e. by grouping words depending on their frequencies. Two limiting cases are considered: the dilute limit, i.e. for those words that are used less than once a day, and the dense limit for frequent words. In both cases, extreme events occur more frequently than expected from the Poisson hypothesis. These deviations from Poisson statistics reveal non-trivial time correlations between events that are associated with 93 bursts of activities. The distribution of waiting times is shown to behave like a stretched exponential and to have the same shape for different sets of words sharing a common frequency, thereby revealing universal features. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Activity Pattern, Analysis, Correlations, Distributions, Evidence, Information Networks, Power-Law, Rights, Statistics, Time Statistics, Zipf Law ? Jarneving, B. (2007), Bibliographic coupling and its application to research-front and other core documents. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (4), 287-307. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 287.pdf Abstract: Based on previous findings and theoretical considerations, it was suggested that bibliographic coupling could be combined with a cluster method to provide a method for science mapping, complementary to the prevailing co-citation cluster analytical method. The complete link cluster method was on theoretical grounds assumed to provide a suitable cluster method for this purpose. The objective of the study was to evaluate the proposed method’s capability to identify coherent research themes. Applying a large multidisciplinary test bed comprising more than 600,000 articles and 17 million references, the proposed method was tested in accordance with two lines of mapping. In the first line of mapping, all significant (strong) links connecting ‘core documents’ (strongly and frequently coupled documents) in clusters with any other core document was mapped. This resulted in a depiction of all significant artificially broken links between core documents in a cluster and core documents extrinsic to that cluster. The second line of mapping involved the application of links between clusters only. They were used to successively merge clusters on two subsequent levels of fusion, where the first generation of clusters were considered objects for a second clustering, and the second generation of clusters gave rise to a final cluster fusion. Changes of cluster composition on the three levels were evaluated with regard to several variables. Findings showed that the proposed method could provide with valid depictions of current research, though some severe restrictions would adhere to its application. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliographic Coupling, Cluster Analysis, Clustering, Co-Citation, Cocitation, Complementary, First, Fusion, Generation, Information, Multidisciplinary, Research, Research Front, Restrictions, Rights, Science, Science Mapping, Scientific Literatures ? Kretschmer, H. and Kretschmer, T. (2007), Lotka’s distribution and distribution of co-author pairs’ frequencies. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (4), 308-337. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 308.pdf Abstract: The original Lotka’s Law refers to single scientist distribution, i.e. the frequency of authors A(i) with i publications per author is a function of i: A(i) =f(i). However, with increasing collaboration in science and in technology the study of the 94 frequency of pairs or triples of co-authors is highly relevant. Starting with pair distribution well-ordered collaboration structures of co-author pairs will be presented, i.e. the frequency of co-author pairs N-ij between authors with i publications per author and authors with j publications per author is a function of i and j: N-ij =f(i,j) using the normal count procedure for counting i or j. We have assumed that the distribution of co-author pairs’ frequencies can be considered to be reflection of a social Gestalt and therefore can be described by the corresponding mathematical function based on well-known general characteristics of structures in interpersonal relations in social networks. We have shown that this model of social Gestalts can better explain the distribution of co-author pairs than by a simple bivariate function in analogy to Lotka’s Law. This model is based on both the Gestalt theory and the old Chinese Yin/Yang theory. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved. Keywords: Analogy, Chinese, Co-Authors, Collaboration, Countries, Function, Gestalt Theory, International Scientific Collaboration, Link Indicator, Lotka’s Distribution, Model, Networks, Patterns, Profiles, Publications, Reflection, Relations, Science, Social Networks, Technology, Theory, Yin-Yang-Teaching ? Jarneing, B. (2007), Complete graphs and bibliographic coupling: A test of the applicability of bibliographic coupling for the identification of cognitive cores on the field level. Journal of Informetrics, 1 (4), 338-356. Full Text: 2007\J Inf1, 338.pdf Abstract: The method of bibliographic coupling in combination with the complete link cluster method was applied for mapping of the field of organic chemistry with the purpose of testing the applicability of a proposed mapping method on the field level. The method put forward aimed at the generation of cognitive cores of documents, so-called ‘bibliographic cliques’ in the network of bibliographically coupled research articles. The defining feature of these cliques is that they can be considered complete graphs where each bibliographic coupling link ties an unordered pair of documents. In this way, it was presumed that coherent groups of documents in the research front would be found and that these groups would be intellectually coherent as well. Statistical analysis and subject specialist evaluations confirmed these presumptions. The study also elaborates on the choice of observation period and the application of thresholds in relation to the size of document populations. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliographic Coupling, Chemistry, Combined Cocitation, Feature, Generation, Identification, Intellectual Structure, Network, Research, Research Front, Research Fronts, Rights, Science, Science Mapping, Scientific Literatures, Size, Testing, Thresholds, Word Analysis ? Bar-Ilan, J. (2008), Informetrics at the beginning of the 21st century - A review. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (1), 1-52. 95 Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 1.pdf Abstract: This paper reviews developments in informetrics between 2000 and 2006. At the beginning of the 21st century we witness considerable growth in webometrics, mapping and visualization and open access. A new topic is comparison between citation databases, as a result of the introduction of two new citation databases Scopus and Google Scholar. There is renewed interest in indicators as a result of the introduction of the h-index. Traditional topics like citation analysis and informetric theory also continue to develop. The impact factor debate, especially outside the informetric literature continues to thrive. Ranked lists (of journal, highly cited papers or of educational institutions) are of great public interest. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Access, Access Research Papers, Analysis, Author Cocitation Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Combining Full-Text, Comparison, Databases, Google Scholar, Growth, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, Industry-Government Relations, Informal Scholarly Communication, Informetrics, Institutions, Journal, Journal-Citation-Reports, Latent Semantic Analysis, Literature, Mapping, Open, Open Access, Papers, Public, Review, Reviews, Rights, Science-and-Technology, Scientometrics, Scopus, Search Engine Coverage, Theory, University Web Sites, Visualization, Webometrics Keywords: Access, Access Research Papers, Analysis, Author Cocitation Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Combining Full-Text, Comparison, Growth, h Index, h-Index, Impact Factor, Indicators, Industry-Government Relations, Informal Scholarly Communication, Informetrics, Institutions, Journal, Journal-Citation-Reports, Latent Semantic Analysis, Literature, Open Access, Papers, Review, Rights, Science-And-Technology, Scientometrics, Scopus, Search Engine Coverage, Theory, University Web Sites, Visualization, Webometrics ? Eom, S. (2008), All author cocitation analysis and first author cocitation analysis: A comparative empirical investigation. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (1), 53-64. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 53.pdf Abstract: The majority of author cocitation analysis (ACA) have relied on the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) citation databases. ISI convention allows only the retrieval of papers that cite works of which the author is first or sole author. Non-primary authors (authors whose name appear in second or later position) will not be counted when assembling a cocitation frequency matrix. Therefore, this has been a methodological issue in ACA study. This paper empirically examines the impact of the ISI convention on the results of ACA. Previous research has addressed and shed light on some parts of methodological issues, but failed to address issues such as to what extent the use of different approach has resulted in different outcomes in terms of actual intellectual structure of a given academic discipline. 96 Using our data and cociation matrix generation systems, we compare the differences in the process and outcomes of using different cocitation matrices. Our study concludes that all author based ACA is better than first author based ACA to capture all influential researchers in a field. It also identifies more research subspecialties. Finally, all Author based ACA and first author based ACA produce little differences in stress values of MDS outputs. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Academic Discipline, All Author Aca, Analysis, Author Cocitation Analysis, Citation, Cocitation, First, First Author Aca, Generation, Institute for Scientific Information, Intellectual Structure, Investigation, ISI, MDS, Outcomes, Research, Science, Stress, Structure, Systems ? Tian, Y.G., Wen, C. and Hong, S. (2008), Global scientific production on GIS research by bibliometric analysis from 1997 to 2006. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (1), 65-74. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 65.pdf Abstract: A bibliometric analysis was applied in this work to evaluate global scientific production of geographic information system (GIS) papers from 1997 to 2006 in any journal of all the subject categories of the Science Citation Index compiled by Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Philadelphia, USA. ‘GIS’ and ‘geographic information system’ were used as keywords to search parts of titles, abstracts, or keywords. The published output analysis showed that GIS research steadily increased over the past 10 years and the annual paper production in 2006 was about three times 1997s paper production. There are clear distinctions among author keywords used in publications from the five most productive countries (USA, UK, Canada, Germany and China) in GIS research. Bibliometric methods could quantitatively characterize the development of global scientific production in a specific research field. The analytical results eventually provide several key findings. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Author Keyword Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Canada, China, Citation, Citation Analysis, Database, Development, Field, Geographic Information, Geographic Information System, Germany, GIS, Impact, Indicators, Information, Institute for Scientific Information, ISI, Journal, Methods, Papers, Production, Publications, Quality, Research, Research Trend, Rights, Science Citation Index, Scientific Production, UK, USA, Web, Work Agouzal, A. and Lafouge, T. (2008), On the relation between the Maximum Entropy Principle and the principle of Least Effort: The continuous case. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (1), 75-88. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 75.pdf Abstract: The Maximum Entropy Principle (MEP) maximizes the entropy provided that the effort remains constant. The Principle of Least Effort (PLE) minimizes the effort 97 provided that the entropy remains constant. The paper investigates the relation between these two principles. In some kinds of effort functions, called admissible, it is shown that these two principles are equivalent. The results are illustrated by the size-frequency statistical distribution met in infometry in Information Production Processes. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Effort Function, Entropy, Functions, Inverse Power Function, Maximum Entropy Principle, Principle of Least Effort, Principles, Rights ? Rodriguez, V., Janssens, F., Debackere, K. and De Moor, B. (2008), On material transfer agreements and visibility of researchers in biotechnology. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (1), 89-100. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 89.pdf Abstract: When carrying out a research project, some materials may not be available in-house. Thus, investigators resort to external providers for conducting their research. To that end, the exchange may be formalised through material transfer agreements. In this context, industry, government and academia have their own specific expectations regarding compensation for the help they provide when transferring the research material. This paper assesses whether these contracts might have had an impact on visibility of researchers. Visibility is thereby operationalised on the basis of a bibliometric approach. In the sample utilised, researchers that availed themselves of these contracts were more visible compared to those who did not use them, controlling for seniority and co-authorship. Nonetheless, providers and receivers could not be differentiated in terms of visibility but by research sector and co-authorship. Being a user of these contracts might, to some extent, be the reflection of systematic differences in the stratification of science based on visibility. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Biotechnology, Chemistry Research, Citation, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Compensation, h-Index, Highly Cited Papers, Index, Material Transfer Agreement, Nobel, Output, Providers, Publication, Reflection, Research, Research Material, Rights, Science, Scientific Reputation, Scientists, Sector ? Burrell, Q.L. (2008), Some comments on “The estimation of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory” by Egghe and Proot. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (1), 101-105. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 101.pdf Abstract: Egghe and Proot [Egghe, L., & Proot, G. (2007). The estimation of the number of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory. Journal of Informetrics] introduce a simple probabilistic model to estimate the number of lost multi-copy documents based on the numbers of retrieved ones. We show that their model in practice can essentially be described by the well-known Poisson 98 approximation to the binomial. This enables us to adopt a traditional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach which allows the construction of (approximate) confidence intervals for the parameters of interest, thereby resolving an open problem left by the authors. We further show that the general estimation problem is a variant of a well-known unseen species problem. This work should be viewed as supplementing that of Egghe and Proot [Egghe, L., & Proot, G. (2007). The estimation of the number of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory. Journal of Informetrics]. It turns out that their results are broadly in line with those produced by this rather more robust statistical analysis. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Confidence, Confidence Intervals, Informetrics, Intervals, Maximum Likelihood, Model, Multi-Copy Documents, Number, Population, Practice, Rights, Sample, Statistical Analysis, Theory, Truncated Poisson Distribution, Unseen Species Problem, Work ? Nicolaisen, J. and Frandsen, T.F. (2008), The Reference Return Ratio. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (2), 128-135. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 128.pdf Abstract: The paper introduces a new journal impact measure called The Reference Return Ratio (3R). Unlike the traditional Journal Impact Factor (JIF), which is based on calculations of publications and citations, the new measure is based on calculations of bibliographic investments (references) and returns (citations). A comparative study of the two measures shows a strong relationship between the 3R and the JIF. Yet, the 3R appears to correct for citation habits, citation dynamics, and composition of document types - problems that typically are raised against the JIF. In addition, contrary to traditional impact measures, the 3R cannot be manipulated ad infinitum through journal self-citations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citation Analysis, Citation Habits: Citation Dynamics, Citations, Document Types, Impact, Journal Impact Measures, Journal Self-Citations, Persuasion, References, Scientific Journals, Self Citations ? Egghe, L. (2008), Examples of simple transformations of the h-index: Qualitative and quantitative conclusions and consequences for other indices. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (2), 136-148. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 136.pdf Abstract: General results on transformations on information production processes (IPPs), involving transformations of the h-index and related indices, are applied in concrete, simple cases: doubling the production per source, doubling the number of sources, doubling the number of sources but halving their production, halving the number of sources but doubling their production (fusion of sources) and, finally, special cases of general power law transformations. In each case we calculate concrete 99 transformation formulae for the h-index h (transformed into h*) and we discuss when we have h* < h, h* = h or h* > h. These results are then extended to some other h-type indices such as the g-index, the R-index and the weighted h-index. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Concrete, Fusion, G Index, G-Index, General, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch, Hirsch-Index, Information, Law, Power Law, R-Index, Ranking, Rights, Scientists, Transformation, Weighted h-Index ? Tol, R.S.J. (2008), A rational, successive g-index applied to economics departments in Ireland. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (2), 149-155. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 149.pdf Abstract: A rational, successive g-index is proposed, and applied to economics departments in Ireland. The successive g-index has greater discriminatory power than the successive h-index, and the rational index performs better still. The rational, successive g-index is also more robust to differences in department size. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Department Rankings, Economics, g Index, g-Index, h Index, h-Index, Index, Ireland, Power, Rights, Scientific-Research Output, Size ? Habibzadeh, F. and Yadollahie, M. (2008), Journal weighted impact factor: A proposal. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (2), 164-172. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 164.pdf Abstract: The impact factor of a journal reflects the frequency with which the journal’s articles are cited. It is the best available measure of journal quality. For calculation of impact factor, we just count the number of citations, no matter howprestigious the citing journal is. We think that impact factor as a measure of journal quality, may be improved if in its calculation, we not only take into account the number of citations, but also incorporate a factor reflecting the prestige of the citing journals relative to the cited journal. In calculation of this proposed “weighted impact factor,” each citation has a coefficient (weight) the value of which is 1 if the citing journal is as prestigious as the cited journal; is > 1 if the citing journal is more prestigious than the cited journal; and is < 1 if the citing journal has a lower standing than the cited journal. In this way, journals receiving many citations from prestigious journals are considered prestigious themselves and those cited by low-status journals seek little credit. By considering both the number of citations and the prestige of the citing journals, we expect the weighted impact factor be a better scientometrics measure of journal quality. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Calculation, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Impact, Impact Factor, Journal, Journal Impact Factor, Journal Quality, Journals, Quality, Rights, Scientometrics, Value ? Coccia, M. (2008), Measuring scientific performance of public research units for 100 strategic change. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (3), 183-194. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 183.pdf Abstract: This research presents a new metrics to measure and assess the scientific performance of public research institutes, which improves models based on standard multivariate techniques. These models called Research Lab Evaluation (RELEV) adjusted are successfully applied to Italian public research institutes, operating in five scientific fields. In addition, the paper presents a comparison between this method and the Data Envelopment Analysis to show some analogies and differences in the results. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Australian Economics Departments, Bureaucratization, Comparison, Higher-Education, Indicators, Metrics, Model, Models, Multivariate, Performance, Productivity, Public, Public Research Institutes, Ranking, Research, Rights, Scientific Performance, Scientometrics, Standard, Strategic, Techniques ? Liu, Y.X. and Rousseau, R. (2008), Definitions of time series in citation analysis with special attention to the h-index. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (3), 202-210. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 202.pdf Abstract: The structure of different types of time series in citation analysis is revealed, using an adapted form of the Frandsen-Rousseau notation. Special cases where this approach can be used include time series of impact factors and time series of h-indices, or h-type indices. This leads to a tool describing dynamic aspects of citation analysis. Time series of h-indices are calculated in some specific models. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact Factors, Matrix, Model, Models, Rights, Structure, Time Series ? Schreiber, M. (2008), A modification of the h-index: The hm-index accounts for multi-authored manuscripts. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (3), 211-216. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 211.pdf Abstract: In order to take multiple co-authorship appropriately into account, a straightforward modi. cation of the Hirsch index was recently proposed. Fractionalised counting of the papers yields an appropriate measure which is called the h(m)-index. The effect of this procedure is compared in the present work with other variants of the h-index and found to be superior to the fractionalised counting of citations and to the normalization of the h-index with the average number of authors in the h-core. Three fictitious examples for model cases and one empirical case are analysed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cation, Citations, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Impact, Model, Modification, Normalization, Papers, Performance Evaluation, Procedure, Ranking, Rights, Scientific-Research, Work ? Zhao, D.Z. and Strotmann, A. (2008), Comparing all-author and first-author 101 co-citation analyses of information science. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (3), 229-239. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 229.pdf Abstract: Although it is generally understood that different citation counting methods can produce quite different author rankings, and although “optimal” author co-citation counting methods have been identified theoretically, studies that compare author co-citation counting methods in author co-citation analysis (ACA) studies are still rare. The present study applies strict all-author-based ACA to the Information Science (IS) field, in that all authors of all cited references in a classic IS dataset are counted, and in that even the diagonal values of the co-citation matrix are computed in their theoretically optimal form. Using Scopus instead of SSCI as the data source, we find that results from a theoretically optimal all-author ACA appear to be excellent in practice, too, although in a field like IS where co-authorship levels are relatively low, its advantages over classic first-author ACA appear considerably smaller than in the more highly collaborative ones targeted before. Nevertheless, we do find some differences between the two approaches, in that first-author ACA appears to favor theorists who presumably tend to work alone, while all-author ACA appears to paint a somewhat more recent picture of the field, and to pick out some collaborative author clusters. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Author Co-Citation Analysis, Authors, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Co-Authorship, Co-Citation, Co-Citation Analysis, Coauthorship, Cocitation Analysis, Information Science, Rankings, Science, Scopus, SSCI, Web ? Yu, H.R., Davis, M., Wilson, C.S. and Cole, F.T.H. (2008), Object-relational data modelling for informetric databases. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (3), 240-251. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 240.pdf Abstract: Informetric researchers have long chafed at the limitations of bibliographic databases for their analyses, without being able to visualize or develop real solutions to the problem. This paper describes a solution developed to provide for the specialist needs of informetric researchers. In a collaborative exercise between the fields of computer science and informetrics, data modelling was used in order to address the requirements of complex and dynamic informetric data. This paper reports on this modelling experience with its aim of building an object-relational database (ORDB) for informetric research purposes. The paper argues that ORM (object-relational model) is particularly suitable because it allows for the modelling of complex data and accommodates the various data source formats and standards used by a variety of bibliographic databases. Further, ORM captures the dynamic nature of informetric data by allowing user-defined data types and by embedding basic statistical calculating tools as object functions in these user-defined data types. The main ideas of the paper are implemented in an Oracle database management system. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 102 Keywords: Analyses, Bibliographic Databases, Bibliometrics, Building, Complex Data Modelling, Data, Data Modelling, Database, Databases, Dynamic, Exercise, Experience, Functions, Informetrics, Interdisciplinary Application, Management, Model, Modelling, Needs, Object-Relational Database Systems (ORDB), Research, Rights, Science, Scientometrics, Solution, Solutions, Source, Standards ? van Eck, N.J. and Waltman, L. (2008), Generalizing the h- and g-indices. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (4), 263-271. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 263.pdf Abstract: We introduce two new measures of the performance of a scientist. One measure, referred to as the h(alpha)-index, generalizes the well-known h-index or Hirsch index. The other measure, referred to as the g(alpha)-index, generalizes the closely related g-index. We analyze theoretically the relationship between the h(alpha)-and g(alpha)-indices on the one hand and some simple measures of scientific performance on the other hand. We also study the behavior of the h(alpha)-and g(alpha)-indices empirically. Some advantages of the h(alpha)- and g(alpha)-indices over the h- and g-indices are pointed out. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, G(Alpha)-Index, G-Index, H(Alpha)-Index, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Hirsch-Index, Output, Ranking, Scientists ? Calero-Medina, C. and Noyons, E.C.M. (2008), Combining mapping and citation network analysis for a better understanding of the scientific development: The case of the absorptive capacity field. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (4), 272-279. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 272.pdf Abstract: The general aim of this paper is to show the results of a study in which we combined bibliometric mapping and citation network analysis to investigate the process of creation and transfer of knowledge through scientific publications. The novelty of this approach is the combination of both methods. In this case we analyzed the citations to a very influential paper published in 1990 that contains, for the first time, the term Absorptive Capacity. A bibliometric map identified the terms and the theories associated with the term while two techniques from the citation network analysis recognized the main papers during 15 years. As a result we identified the articles that influenced the research for some time and linked them into a research tradition that can be considered the backbone of the “Absorptive Capacity Field”. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Mapping, Citation, Citation Network, Citation Network Analysis, Citations, Development, Hubs And Authorities, Innovation, Knowledge, Main Path Analysis, Main Research Stream, Mapping, Network, Network Analysis, Papers, Publications, Research, Scientific Publications, Trajectories 103 ? Ye, F.Y. and Rousseau, R. (2008), The power law model and total career h-index sequences. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (4), 288-297. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 288.pdf Abstract: Three variations on the power law model proposed by Egghe are fitted to four groups of h-index time series: publication-citation data for authors, journals and universities; and patent citation data for firms. It is shown that none of the power law models yields an adequate description of total career h-index sequences. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Authors, Citation, Data, Data Fitting, h Index, h-Index, h-Index Sequences, Hirsch-Index, Journals, Law, Model, Models, Patent, Power, Power Law, Power Law Model, Power Law Models, Rights, Time Series, Universities ? Lopez-Illescas, C., de Moya-Anegon, F. and Moed, H.F. (2008), Coverage and citation impact of oncological journals in the Web of Science and Scopus. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (4), 304-316. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 304.pdf Abstract: This paper reviews a number of studies comparing Thomson Scientific’s Web of Science (WoS) and Elsevier’s Scopus. It collates their journal coverage in an important medical subfield: oncology. It is found that all WoS-covered oncological journals (n = 126) are indexed in Scopus, but that Scopus covers many more journals (an additional n = 106). However, the latter group tends to have much lower impact factors than WoS covered journals. Among the top 25% of sources with the highest impact factors in Scopus, 94% is indexed in the WoS, and for the bottom 25% only 6%. In short, in oncology the WoS is a genuine subset of Scopus, and tends to cover the best journals from it in terms of citation impact per paper. Although Scopus covers 90% more oncological journals compared to WoS, the average Scopus-based impact factor for journals indexed by both databases is only 2.6% higher than that based on WoS data. Results reflect fundamental differences in coverage policies: the WoS based on Eugene Garfield’s concepts of covering a selective set of most frequently used (cited) journals; Scopus with broad coverage, more similar to large disciplinary literature databases. The paper also found that ‘classical’, WoS-based impact factors strongly correlate with a new, Scopus-based metric, SCImago JournalRank (SJR), one of a series of new indicators founded on earlier work by Pinski and Narin [Pinski, G., & Narin F. (1976). Citation influence for journal aggregates of scientific publications: Theory, with application to the literature of physics. Information Processing and Management, 12, 297 - 312] that weight citations according to the prestige of the citing journal (Spearman’s rho = 0.93). Four lines of future research are proposed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Basic Research, Citation, Citation Databases, Citation Impact, Citations, Coverage, Databases, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Journal, Journal 104 Coverage, Journals, Literature, Management, Medical, Medical Oncology, Oncology, Policies, Publications, Quality, Rankings, Research, Science, Scientific Publications, Scimago, Scopus, Theory, Web of Science ? Leydesdorff, L. and Wagner, C.S. (2008), International collaboration in science and the formation of a core group. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (4), 317-325. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 317.pdf Abstract: International collaboration as measured by co-authorship relations on refereed papers grew linearly from 1990 to 2005 in terms of the number of papers, but exponentially in terms of the number of international addresses. This confirms Persson et al.’s [ Persson, O., Glanzel, W., & Danell, R. (2004). Inflationary bibliometrics values: The role of scientific collaboration and the need for relative indicators in evaluative studies. Scientometrics, 60(3), 421 - 432] hypothesis of an inflation in international collaboration. Patterns in international collaboration in science can be considered as network effects, since there is no political institution mediating relationships at that level except for the initiatives of the European Commission. Science at the international level shares features with other complex adaptive systems whose order arises from the interactions of hundreds of agents pursuing self-interested strategies. During the period 2000 - 2005, the network of global collaborations appears to have reinforced the formation of a core group of fourteen most cooperative countries. This core group can be expected to use knowledge from the global network with great efficiency, since these countries have strong national systems. Countries at the periphery may be disadvantaged by the increased strength of the core. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Betweenness, Bibliometrics, Centrality, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Cooccurrence Data, Core, Countries, Indicators, Knowledge, Network, Organization, Papers, Science, Science Policy, Scientific Collaboration, Scientometrics, Social Network Analysis, Social Systems ? Vanclay, J.K. (2008), Ranking forestry journals using the h-index. Journal of Informetrics, 2 (4), 326-334. Full Text: 2008\J Inf2, 326.pdf Abstract: An expert ranking of forestry journals was compared with Journal Impact Factors and h-indices computed from the ISI Web of Science and internet-based data. Citations reported by Google Scholar offer an efficient way to rank all journals objectively, in a manner consistent with other indicators. This h-index exhibited a high correlation with the Journal Impact Factor (r = 0.92), but is not confined to journals selected by any particular commercial provider. A ranking of 180 forestry journals is presented, on the basis of this index. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citations, Correlation, Data, Forestry, Google Scholar, h Index, h-Index, 105 Hirsch Index, Hirsch Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Index, Indicators, Institutions, ISI, ISI Web of Science, Journal Impact Factor, Journal Ranking, Journals, Quality, Rank, Ranking, Research Quality Framework, Rights, Science, Scientific-Research Output, Web of Science ? Torres-Salinasa, D. and Moed, H.F. (2009), Library Catalog Analysis as a tool in studies of social sciences and humanities: An exploratory study of published book titles in Economics. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (1), 9-26. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 9.pdf Abstract: This paper explores the use of Library Catalog Analysis (LCA), defined as the application of bibliometric or informetric techniques to a set of library online catalogs, to describe quantitatively a scientific-scholarly field on the basis of published book titles. It focuses on its value as a tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities, especially its cognitive structures, main book publishers and the research performance of its actors. The paper proposes an analogy model between traditional citation analysis of journal articles and Library Catalog Analysis of book titles. It presents the outcomes of an exploratory study of book titles in Economics included in 42 academic library catalogs from 7 countries. It describes the process of data collection and cleaning, and applies a series of indicators and thematic mapping techniques. It illustrates how LCA can be fruitfully used to assess book production and research performance at the level of an individual researcher, a research department, an entire country and a book publisher. It discusses a number of issues that should be addressed in follow-up studies and concludes that LCA of published book titles can be developed into a powerful and useful tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Academic, Analogy, Analysis, Application, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Book Publishers, Citation, Citation Analysis, Co-Word Analysis, Cognitive, Collection, Country, Data, Data Collection, Developed, Economics, Field, Follow-Up, Humanities, Indicators, Journal, Journal Articles, LCA, Library Catalogs, Management, Mapping, Model, Outcomes, Performance, Process, Production, Research, Research Performance, Rights, Sciences, Scientific-Scholarly Books, Social, Social Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities, Sociology, Techniques, Tool, Value ? Bornmann, L., Marx, W., Schier, H., Rahm, E., Thor, A. and Daniel, H.D. (2009), Convergent validity of bibliometric Google Scholar data in the field of chemistry-Citation counts for papers that were accepted by Angewandte Chemie International Edition or rejected but published elsewhere, using Google Scholar, Science Citation Index, Scopus, and Chemical Abstracts. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (1), 27-35. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 27.pdf 106 Abstract: Examining a comprehensive set of papers (n = 1837) that were accepted for publication by the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition (one of the prime chemistry journals in the world) or rejected by the journal but then published elsewhere, this study tested the extent to which the use of the freely available database Google Scholar (GS) can be expected to yield valid citation counts in the field of chemistry. Analyses of citations for the set of papers returned by three fee-based databases - Science Citation Index, Scopus, and Chemical Abstracts - were compared to the analysis of citations found using GS data. Whereas the analyses using citations returned by the three fee-based databases show very similar results, the results of the analysis using GS citation data differed greatly from the findings using citations from the fee-based databases. Our study therefore supports, on the one hand, the convergent validity of citation analyses based on data from the fee-based databases and, on the other hand, the lack of convergent validity of the citation analysis based on the GS data. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Bibliometric, Chemical Abstracts, Chemistry, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Counts, Citations, Convergent Validity, Data, Database, Databases, Field, Google, Google Scholar, GS, H-Index, Impact, Journal, Journals, LIS, Papers, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Rights, Science, Science Citation Index, Scopus, Validity, Web Of Science, Web-of-Science, World ? Perianes-Rodríguez, A., Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z., Vargas-Quesada, B., Olmeda-Gómez, C. and Moya-Anegón, F. (2009), Synthetic hybrid indicators based on scientific collaboration to quantify and evaluate individual research results. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (2), 91-101. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 91.pdf Abstract: Governmental initiatives around scientific policy have progressively raised collaboration to priority status. In this context, a need has arisen to broaden the traditional approach to the analysis and study of research results by descending to the group or even the individual scale and supplementing the output-, productivity-, visibility- and impact-based focus with new measures that emphasize collaboration from the vantage of structural analysis. To this end, the present paper proposes new hybrid indicators for the analysis and evaluation of individual research results, popularity and prestige, that combine bibliometric and structural aspects. A case study was conducted of the nine most productive departments in Carlos III University of Madrid. The findings showed hybridization to be a tool sensitive to traditional indicators, but also to the new demands of modern science as a self-organized system of interaction among individuals, furnishing information on researchers’ environments and the behaviour and attitudes adopted within those environments. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Approach, Attitudes, Behaviour, Bibliometric, Bibliometric 107 Analysis, Case Study, Co-Authorship, Collaboration, Context, Evaluation, Finite-State Graphs, Group, Hybrid, Hybrid Indicators, Hybridization, Impact, Indicators, Information, Interaction, Network Analysis, Network Analysis, Policy, Productivity, Publication, Research, Research Community, Research Performance, Research Productivity, Research Results, Rights, Scale, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Policy, Status, Structural Analysis, Teams, Tool, University, Visibility ? Frandsen, T.F. (2009), The effects of open access on un-published documents: A case study of economics working papers. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (2), 124-133. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 124.pdf Abstract: The use of scholarly publications that have not been formally published in e.g. journals is widespread in some fields. In the past they have been disseminated through various channels of informal communication. However, the Internet has enabled dissemination of these un-published and often unrefereed publications to a much wider audience. This is particularly interesting seen in relation to the highly disputed open access advantage as the potential advantage for low visibility publications has not been given much attention in the literature. The present study examines the role of working papers in economics during a 10-year period (1996-2005). It shows that working papers are increasingly becoming visible in the field specific databases. The impact of working papers is relatively low; however, high impact working paper series have citation rate levels similar to the low impact journals in the field. There is no tendency to an increase in impact during the 10 years which is the case for the high impact journals. Consequently, the result of this study does not provide evidence of an open access advantage for working papers in economics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Access, Articles, Attention, Bibliometric Analysis, Case Study, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Impact, Communication, Databases, Economics, Effects, Evidence, Field, Grey Literature, Grey Literature, Humanities, Impact, Informal, Information, Internet, Journals, Literature, Low Visibility, Open, Open Access, Open Access Advantage, Papers, Potential, Publications, Research Performance, Rights, Role, Science Literature, Social-Sciences, Visibility, Working Papers ? Almeida, J.A.S., Pais, A.A.C.C. and Formosinho, S.J. (2009), Science indicators and science patterns in Europe. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (2), 134-142. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 134.pdf Abstract: In this communication we perform an analysis of European science, investigating the way countries are joined in clusters according to their similarity. An extremely clear pattern arises, suggesting that geographical and cultural factors strongly influence the scientific fabric of these countries. Although it is seen that one of the major factors behind Science in Europe is, apparently, geographical proximity, 108 bilateral cooperation between countries cannot fully account for the respective similarity. Long-term policies, planning and investment are also visible in the results. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation Analysis, Communication, Cooperation, Countries, Cultural, Cultural Factors, Essential Science Indicators, Europe, European Science, Factors, History, Impact, Index, Indicators, Influence, Investment, Matters, Nations, Pattern, Performance, Planning, Policies, Rights, Science, Scientific Productivity, Similarity, Universities, Web of Science ? Borner, K. and Scharnhorst, A. (2009), Visual conceptualizations and models of science. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (3), 161-172. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 161.pdf Abstract: This is the Guest Editor’s introduction to the Special Issue on “Science of Science: Conceptualizations and Models of Science”, Journal of Informetrics. The introduction discusses challenges towards a theoretically grounded and practically useful science of science. It provides a brief chronological review of relevant work and argues for (1) the development of common frameworks for the comparison and combination of existing approaches, theories, laws, and measurements, (2) the combination of quantitative and qualitative studies of science, and (3) the operationalization of theoretical concepts in terms of measurement and empirical evidence. Next, three visual conceptualizations of science are discussed and compared. Each of them provides a framework for the comparison and combination of existing works, means to combine quantitative and qualitative data, and helps to operationalize and communicate theoretical concepts using empirical data. Last but not least, the contributions of and interlinkages among the papers included in this issue are discussed. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Authorship, Citation, Conceptualization, Cultural Studies of Science, Evolution, History of Science, Informetrics, Literatures, Mathematical Modeling, Models, Science, Science of Science, Science Policy, Scientometrics, Scientometrics, Sociology of Science, Statistical Analysis, Webometrics ? Garfield, E. (2009), From the science of science to Scientometrics visualizing the history of science with HistCite software. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (3), 173-179. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 173.pdf Abstract: While ISSI was founded in 1993, Scientometrics and Bibliometrics are now at least half a century old. Indeed, the field can be traced to early quantitative studies in the early 20th century. In the 1930s, it evolved to the “science of science.” The publication of J.D. Bernal’s Social Function of Science in 1939 was a key transition point but the field lay dormant until after World War II, when D.J.D. Price’s books Science Since Babylon and Little Science, Big Science were published in 1961 and 1963. His role as the “Father of Scientometrics” is clearly evident by using the 109 HistCite software to visualize his impact as well as the subsequent impact of the journal Scientometrics on the growth of the field. Scientometrics owes its name to V.V. Nalimov, the author of Naukometriya, and to Tibor Braun who adapted the neologism for the journal. The primordial paper on citation indexing by Garfield which appeared in Science 1955 became a bridge between Bernal and Price. The timeline for the evolution of Scientometrics is demonstrated by a HistCite tabulation of the ranked citation index of the 100,000 references cited in the 3000 papers citing Price. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Algorithmic, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Indexes, Derek JD Price, Dimension, Etymology of Scientometrics, Histcite, Historiography, History, History of Science, History of Scientometrics, JD Bernal, Science, Science of Science, Scientometrics, VV Nalimov ? Bettencourt, L.M.A., Kaiser, D.I. and Kaur, J. (2009), Scientific discovery and topological transitions in collaboration networks. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (3), 210-221. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 210.pdf Abstract: We analyze the advent and development of eight scientific fields from their inception to maturity and map the evolution of their networks of collaboration over time, measured in terms of co-authorship of scientific papers. We show that as a field develops it undergoes a topological transition in its collaboration structure between a small disconnected graph to a much larger network where a giant connected component of collaboration appears. As a result, the number of edges and nodes in the largest component undergoes a transition between a small fraction of the total to a majority of all occurrences. These results relate to many qualitative observations of the evolution of technology and discussions of the “structure of scientific revolutions”. We analyze this qualitative change in network topology in terms of several quantitative graph theoretical measures, such as density, diameter, and relative size of the network’s largest component. To analyze examples of scientific discovery we built databases of scientific publications based on keyword and citation searches, for eight fields, spanning experimental and theoretical science, across areas as diverse as physics, biomedical sciences, and materials science. Each of the databases was vetted by field experts and is the result of a bibliometric search constructed to maximize coverage, while minimizing the occurrence of spurious records. In this way we built databases of publications and authors for superstring theory, cosmic strings and other topological defects, cosmological inflation, carbon nanotubes, quantum computing and computation, prions and scrapie, and H5N1 influenza. We also built a database for a classical example of “pathological” science, namely cold fusion. All these fields also vary in size and in their temporal patterns of development, with some showing explosive growth from an original identifiable 110 discovery (e.g. carbon nanotubes) while others are characterized by a slow process of development (e.g. quantum computers and computation). We show that regardless of the detailed nature of their developmental paths, the process of scientific discovery and the rearrangement of the collaboration structure of emergent fields is characterized by a number of universal features, suggesting that the process of discovery and initial formation of a scientific field, characterized by the moments of discovery, invention and subsequent transition into “normal science” may be understood in general terms, as a process of cognitive and social unification out of many initially separate efforts. Pathological fields, seemingly, never undergo this transition, despite hundreds of publications and the involvement of many authors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citation, Collaboration, Collaboration Networks, Growth, Ideas, Models of Science Evolution, Phase Transitions, Publications, Science, Scientific Discovery, Spread, Word Analysis ? Frenken, K., Hardeman, S. and Hoekman, J. (2009), Spatial scientometrics: Towards a cumulative research program. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (3), 222-232. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 222.pdf Abstract: We propose a research program to analyse spatial aspects of the science system. First, we provide a review of scientometric studies that already explicitly take the spatial dimension into account. The review includes studies on (i) the spatial distribution of research and citations, (II) the existence of spatial biases in collaboration, citations and mobility, and (iii) the citation impact of national versus international collaborations. Then, we address a number of methodological issues in dealing with space in scientometrics. Finally, to integrate spatial and non-spatial approaches, we propose an analytical framework based on the concept of proximity. A proximity approach allows for combining hypotheses from different theoretical perspectives into a single framework. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citation, Citations, Collaboration, Cooperation, Geographical Proximity, Geography, International Research, Mobility, Proximity, Research, Research Collaboration, Science Fields, Scientific Productivity, Scientometrics, Social-Structure, Spatial Scientometrics, World ? Alonso, S., Cabrerizo, F.J., Herrera-Viedma, E. and Herrera, F. (2009), h-Index: A review focused in its variants, computation and standardization for different scientific fields. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (4), 273-289. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 273.pdf Abstract: The h-index and some related bibliometric indices have received a lot of attention from the scientific community in the last few years due to some of their good properties (easiness of computation, balance between quantity of publications and their impact and so on). Many different indicators have been developed in order 111 to extend and overcome the drawbacks of the original Hirsch proposal. In this contribution we present a comprehensive review on the h-index and related indicators field. From the initial h-index proposal we study their main advantages, drawbacks and the main applications that we can find in the literature. A description of many of the h-related indices that have been developed along with their main characteristics and some of the works that analyze and compare them are presented. We also review the most up to date standardization studies that allow a fair comparison by means of the h-index among scientists from different research areas and finally, some works that analyze the computation of the h-index and related indices by using different citation databases (ISI Citation Indexes, Google Scholar and Scopus) are introduced. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: A-Index, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Indices, Citation, Egghes G-Index, Google Scholar, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact Factor, Indicators, Publications, R-Index, Research, Research Areas, Research Performance, Scopus, Self-Citation Corrections, Web-of-Science ? Wallace, M.L., Lariviere, V. and Gingras, Y. (2009), Modeling a century of citation distributions. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (4), 296-303. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 296.pdf Abstract: The prevalence of uncited papers or of highly cited papers, with respect to the bulk of publications, provides important clues as to the dynamics of scientific research. Using 25 million papers and 600 million references from the Web of Science over the 1900-2006 period, this paper proposes a simple model based on a random selection process to explain the “uncitedness” phenomenon and its decline over the years. We show that the proportion of cited papers is a function of (1) the number of articles available (the competing papers), (2) the number of citing papers and (3) the number of references they contain. Using uncitedness as a departure point, we demonstrate the utility of the stretched-exponential function and a form of the Tsallis q-exponential function to fit complete citation distributions over the 20th century. As opposed to simple power-law fits, for instance, both these approaches are shown to be empirically well-grounded and robust enough to better understand citation dynamics at the aggregate level. On the basis of these models, we provide quantitative evidence and provisional explanations for an important shift in citation practices around 1960. We also propose a revision of the “citation classic” category as a set of articles which is clearly distinguishable from the rest of the field. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Distributions, Citations, Growth, Highly Cited Papers, Highly-Cited, History of Science, Indicators, Journals, Power Laws, Publications, Relaxation, Research, Science, Scientific Papers, Scientific Research, Statistics, Tails, Uncitedness, Uncitedness, Web of Science 112 ? Yu, L.P., Chen, Y.Q., Pan, Y.T. and Wu, Y.S. (2009), Research on the evaluation of academic journals based on structural equation modeling. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (4), 304-311. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 304.pdf Abstract: This paper classifies common journal evaluation indicators into three categories, namely three first-level indicators. They are respectively the indicators on journal impact, on timeliness, and on journal characteristics. The data used here is drawn from the medical journals in CSTPCD, a citation database built by the Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China. The three categories of indicators are correlated with one another, so a structural equation may be established. Then we calculate the value of three first-level indicators and give subjective weights to the indicators. The comprehensive evaluation upon the medical journals yields satisfactory results. By simulating the complex relationship among journal indicators, the structural equation can be used for the estimation of some implicit indicators and the screening of indicators. This approach provides a new perspective for scientific and technological evaluation in general sense. It should be noted that the availability of basic data and the rationality of modeling bear much upon the evaluation results. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Academic, Academic Journal, Bibliometric Tools, Citation, Evaluation, Impact, Index, Indicators, Journal Impact, Output, Performance, Research, Structural Equation Modeling ? Yu, L.P., Shen, X.M., Pan, Y.T. and Wu, Y.S. (2009), Scholarly journal evaluation based on panel data analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (4), 312-320. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 312.pdf Abstract: This paper proposes a new method for indicator selection in panel data analysis and tests the method with relevant data on agricultural journals provided by the Institute of Scientific & Technical Information of China. An evaluation exercise by the TOPSIS method is conducted as a comparison. The result shows that panel data analysis is an effective method for indicator selection in scholarly journal evaluation; journals of different disciplines should not be evaluated with the same criteria; it is beneficial to publish all the evaluation indicators; unavailability of a few indicators has a limited influence on evaluation results; simplifying indicators can reduce costs and increase efficiency as well as accuracy of journal evaluation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Tools, Citations, Evaluation, Exercise, Heuristic Methods, Impact, Index, Indicator Selection, Indicators, MAE (Multiple Attribute Evaluation), Output, Panel Data Analysis, Performance, Publications, Scholarly Journal, Science Policy, Topsis ? Bornmann, L. and Daniel, H.D. (2009), Extent of type I and type II errors in editorial 113 decisions: A case study on Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (4), 348-352. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 348.pdf Abstract: Selection processes are never faultless. We investigate the predictive validity of the manuscript selection process at Angewandte Chemie International Edition (AC-IE), one of the prime chemistry journals worldwide, and conducted a citation analysis for manuscripts that were accepted by the journal or rejected but published elsewhere (n = 1817). With the bibliometric data, we were able to calculate the extent of type I and type II errors of the selection decisions. We found that the decisions regarding 15% of the manuscripts show a type I error (accepted manuscripts that did not perform as well as or worse than the average rejected manuscript). Moreover, the decisions regarding 15% of the manuscripts are affected by a type II error (rejected manuscripts that performed equal to or above the average accepted manuscript). (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Articles, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Counts, Citation Counts, Editorial Decision, Impact, Index, Journals, Manuscript Selection Process, Manuscripts, Predictive Validity, Publication, Science, Type I Error, Type II Error ? Leydesdorff, L. and Wagner, C. (2009), Macro-level indicators of the relations between research funding and research output. Journal of Informetrics, 3 (4), 353-362. Full Text: 2009\J Inf3, 353.pdf Abstract: In response to the call for a science of science policy, we discuss the contribution of indicators at the macro-level of nations from a scientometric perspective. In addition to global trends such as the rise of China, one can relate percentages of world share of publications to government expenditure in academic research. The marginal costs of improving one’s share are increasing over time. Countries differ considerably in terms of the efficiency of turning (financial) input into bibliometrically measurable output. Both funding schemes and disciplinary portfolios differ among countries. A price per paper can nevertheless be estimated. The percentages of GDP spent on academic research in different nations are significantly correlated to historical contingencies such as the percentage of researchers in the population. The institutional dynamics make strategic objectives such as the Lisbon objective of the EU - that is, spending 3% of GDP for R&D in 2010 - unrealistic. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Academic, Academic Research, Efficiency, Growth, Indicators, Industrial-Innovation, Innovation Systems, Knowledge, Nation, Output Indicator, Policy, Publications, R&D Expenditure, Research, Research Output, S&T Policies, Science, Technical Change, Technology, Trends, United-States, University-Research ? Vieira, E.S. and Gomes, J.A.N.F. (2010), Citations to scientific articles: Its 114 distribution and dependence on the article features. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (1), 1-13. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 1.pdf Abstract: The citation counts are increasingly used to assess the impact on the scientific community of publications produced by a researcher, an institution or a country. There are many institutions that use bibliometric indicators to steer research policy and for hiring or promotion decisions. Given the importance that counting citations has today, the aim of the work presented here is to show how citations are distributed within a scientific area and determine the dependence of the citation count on the article features. All articles referenced in the Web of Science in 2004 for Biology & Biochemistry, Chemistry, Mathematics and Physics were considered. We show that the distribution of citations is well represented by a double exponential-Poisson law. There is a dependence of the mean citation rate on the number of co-authors, the number of addresses and the number of references, although this dependence is a little far from the linear behaviour. For the relation between the mean impact and the number of pages the dependence obtained was very low. For Biology & Biochemistry and Chemistry we found a linear behaviour between the mean citation per article and impact factor and for Mathematics and Physics the results obtained are near to the linear behaviour. Keywords: Citations Analyses, Field, Impact ? Cabrerizo, F.J., Alonso, S., Herrera-Viedma, E. and Herrera, F. (2010), q2-Index: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation based on the number and impact of papers in the Hirsch core. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (1), 23-28. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 23.pdf Abstract: Bibliometric studies at the micro level are increasingly requested by science managers and policy makers to support research decisions. Different measures and indices have been developed at this level of analysis. One type of indices, such as the h-index and g-index, describe the most productive core of the output of a researcher and inform about the number of papers in the core. Other indices, such as the a-index and m-index, depict the impact of the papers in the core. In this paper, we present a new index which relates two different dimensions in a researcher’s productive core: a quantitative one (number of papers) and a qualitative one (impact of papers). In such a way, we could obtain a more balanced and global view of the scientific production of researchers. This new index, called q2-index, is based on the geometric mean of h-index and the median number of citations received by papers in the h-core, i.e., the m-index, which allows us to combine the advantages of both kind of indices. Keywords: h-Index, m-Index, Bibliometric Measures, Aggregation, Geometric Mean ? Franceschet, M. (2010), The difference between popularity and prestige in the sciences and in the social sciences: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 115 4 (1), 55-63. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 55.pdf Abstract: The status of a journal is commonly determined by two factors: popularity and prestige. While the former counts citations, the latter recursively weights them with the prestige of the citing journals. We make a thorough comparison of the bibliometric concepts of popularity and prestige for journals in the sciences and in the social sciences. We find that the two notions diverge more for the hard sciences, including physics, engineering, material sciences, and computer sciences, than they do for the geosciences, for biology-medical disciplines, and for the social sciences. Moreover, we identify the science and social science journals with the highest diverging ranks in popularity and prestige compilations. Keywords: Journal Influence, Impact Factor, Eigenfactor ? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D. (2010), The Hirsch spectrum: A novel tool for analyzing scientific journals. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (1), 64-73. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 64.pdf Abstract: This paper introduces the Hirsch spectrum (h-spectrum) for analyzing the academic reputation of a scientific journal. h-Spectrum is a novel tool based on the Hirsch (h) index. It is easy to construct: considering a specific journal in a specific interval of time, h-spectrum is defined as the distribution representing the h-indexes associated to the authors of the journal articles. This tool allows defining a reference profile of the typical author of a journal, compare different journals within the same scientific field, and provide a rough indication of prestige/reputation of a journal in the scientific community. h-Spectrum can be associated to every journal. Ten specific journals in the Quality Engineering/Quality Management field are analyzed so as to preliminarily investigate the h-spectrum characteristics. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citations, Citations, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Hirsch Spectrum, Impact Factor, Journal Qualimetrics, Journal’s (Co-)Authors, Quality Engineering, Quality Management Journals, Science, Scientific Journals ? Kiss, I.Z., Broom, K., Craze, P.G. and Rafols, I. (2010), Can epidemic models describe the diffusion of topics across disciplines? Journal of Informetrics, 4 (1), 74-82. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 74.pdf Abstract: This paper introduces a new approach to describe the spread of research topics across disciplines using epidemic models. The approach is based on applying individual-based models from mathematical epidemiology to the diffusion of a research topic over a contact network that represents knowledge flows over the map of science—as obtained from citations between ISI Subject Categories. Using 116 research publications on the protein class kinesin as a case study, we report a better fit between model and empirical data when using the citation-based contact network. Incubation periods on the order of 4–15.5 years support the view that, whilst research topics may grow very quickly, they face difficulties to overcome disciplinary boundaries. Keywords: Knowledge Diffusion, Epidemic Model, Science Map ? Bornmann, L. and Daniel, H.D. (2010), Citation speed as a measure to predict the attention an article receives: An investigation of the validity of editorial decisions at Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (1), 83-88. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 83.pdf Abstract: The scientific quality of a publication can be determined not only based on the number of times it is cited but also based on the speed with which its content is disseminated in the scientific community. In this study we tested whether manuscripts that were accepted by Angewandte Chemie International Edition (one of the prime chemistry journals worldwide) received the first citation after publication faster than manuscripts that were rejected by the journal but published elsewhere. The results of a Cox regression model show that accepted manuscripts have a 49% higher hazard rate of citation than rejected manuscripts. Keywords: Journal Peer Review, Validity, Citation Speed ? Moussa, S. and Touzani, M. (2010), Ranking marketing journals using the Google Scholar-based hg-index. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (1), 107-117. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 107.pdf Abstract: This paper provides a ranking of 69 marketing journals using a new Hirsch-type index, the hg-index which is the geometric mean of hg. The applicability of this index is tested on data retrieved from Google Scholar on marketing journal articles published between 2003 and 2007. The authors investigate the relationship between the hg-ranking, ranking implied by Thomson Reuters’ Journal Impact Factor for 2008, and rankings in previous citation-based studies of marketing journals. They also test two models of consumption of marketing journals that take into account measures of citing (based on the hg-index), prestige, and reading preference. Keywords: Marketing Journals, Ranking, Google Scholar, h-Index, g-Index, hg-Index ? Kousha, K., Thelwall, M., and Rezaie, S. (2010), Using the Web for research evaluation: The Integrated Online Impact indicator. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (1), 124-135. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 124.pdf Abstract: Previous research has shown that citation data from different types of Web sources can potentially be used for research evaluation. Here we introduce a new combined Integrated Online Impact (IOI) indicator. For a case study, we selected research articles published in the Journal of the American Society for Information 117 Science & Technology (JASIST) and Scientometrics in 2003. We compared the citation counts from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus with five online sources of citation data including Google Scholar, Google Books, Google Blogs, PowerPoint presentations and course reading lists. The mean and median IOI was nearly twice as high as both WoS and Scopus, confirming that online citations are sufficiently numerous to be useful for the impact assessment of research. We also found significant correlations between conventional and online impact indicators, confirming that both assess something similar in scholarly communication. Further analysis showed that the overall percentage for unique Google Scholar citations outside the WoS were 73% and 60% for the articles published in JASIST and Scientometrics, respectively. An important conclusion is that in subject areas where wider types of intellectual impact indicators outside the WoS and Scopus databases are needed for research evaluation, IOI can be used to help monitor research performance. Keywords: Web Citation, Online Impact, Research Evaluation, Webometrics ? Piwowar, H.A. and Chapman, W.W. (2010), Public sharing of research datasets: A pilot study of associations. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (2), 148-156. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 148.pdf Abstract: The public sharing of primary research datasets potentially benefits the research community but is not yet common practice. In this pilot study, we analyzed whether data sharing frequency was associated with funder and publisher requirements, journal impact factor, or investigator experience and impact. Across 397 recent biomedical microarray studies, we found investigators were more likely to publicly share their raw dataset when their study was published in a high-impact journal and when the first or last authors had high levels of career experience and impact. We estimate the USA’s National Institutes of Health (NIH) data sharing policy applied to 19% of the studies in our cohort; being subject to the NIH data sharing plan requirement was not found to correlate with increased data sharing behavior in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Studies published in journals that required a database submission accession number as a condition of publication were more likely to share their data, but this trend was not statistically significant. These early results will inform our ongoing larger analysis, and hopefully contribute to the development of more effective data sharing initiatives. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Bioinformatics, Cohort, Data Sharing, Database, Elsevier, Expression Profiles, Genetics, Impact, Impact Factor, Information, Journal, Journal Impact, Journal Impact Factor, Journals, Microarray Data, National-Survey, Policy Evaluation, Primary, Publication, Regression, Repositories, Research, Sciences, Submission, Tools 118 ? Tonta, Y. and Darvish, H.R. (2010), Diffusion of latent semantic analysis as a research tool: A social network analysis approach. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (2), 166-174. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 166.pdf Abstract: Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a relatively new research tool with a wide range of applications in different fields ranging from discourse analysis to cognitive science, from information retrieval to machine learning and so on. In this paper, we chart the development and diffusion of LSA as a research tool using social network analysis (SNA) approach that reveals the social structure of a discipline in terms of collaboration among scientists. Using Thomson Reuters’ Web of Science (WoS), we identified 65 papers with “latent semantic analysis” in their titles and 250 papers in their topics (but not in titles) between 1990 and 2008. We then analyzed those papers using bibliometric and SNA techniques such as co-authorship and cluster analysis. It appears that as the emphasis moves from the research tool (LSA) itself to its applications in different fields, citations to papers with LSA in their titles tend to decrease. The productivity of authors fits Lotka’s Law while the network of authors is quite loose. Networks of journals cited in papers with LSA in their titles and topics are well connected. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Applications, Betweenness, Bibliometric, Centrality, Citations, Cluster, Cluster Analysis, Co-Authorship, Co-Authorship Analysis, Collaboration, Diffusion, Elsevier, Information Retrieval, Journals, Knowledge, Latent Semantic Analysis, Network Analysis, Networks, Patterns, Productivity, Research, Science, Scientific Collaboration Networks, Social Network Analysis, Techniques, Thomson Reuters, Topics, Trends, Web of Science ? Strotmann, A. and Zhao, D.Z. (2010), Combining commercial citation indexes and open-access bibliographic databases to delimit highly interdisciplinary research fields for citation analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (2), 194-200. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 194.pdf Abstract: Field delimitation for citation analysis, the process of collecting a set of bibliographic records with cited-reference information of research articles that represent a research field, is the first step in any citation analysis study of a research field. Due to a number of limitations, the commercial citation indexes have long made it difficult to obtain a comprehensive dataset in this step. This paper discusses some of the limitations imposed by these databases, and reports on a method to overcome some of these limitations that was used with great success to delimit an emerging and highly interdisciplinary biomedical research field, stem cell research. The resulting field delimitation and the citation network it induces are both excellent. This multi-database method relies on using PubMed for the actual field delimitation, and on mapping between Scopus and PubMed records for obtaining comprehensive 119 information about cited-references contained in the resulting literature. This method provides high-quality field delimitations for citation studies that can be used as benchmarks for studies of the impact of data collection biases on citation metrics, and may help improve confidence in results of scientometric studies for an increased impact of scientometrics on research policy. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Articles, Author, Bibliometrics, Biomedical Research, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Indexes, Citation Network, Data Collection, Databases, Elsevier, Field, Field Delimitation, Impact, Information Science, Interdisciplinary, Interdisciplinary Research, Literature, Mapping, Medline, Metrics, Multiple Databases, Research, Research Policy, Scientometrics, Scopus ? Bornmann, L., Leydesdorff, L. and Van den Besselaar, P. (2010), A meta-evaluation of scientific research proposals: Different ways of comparing rejected to awarded applications. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 211-220. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 211.pdf Abstract: Combining different data sets with information on grant and fellowship applications submitted to two renowned funding agencies, we are able to compare their funding decisions (award and rejection) with scientometric performance indicators across two fields of science (life sciences and social sciences). The data sets involve 671 applications in social sciences and 668 applications in life sciences. In both fields, awarded applicants perform on average better than all rejected applicants. If only the most preeminent rejected applicants are considered in both fields, they score better than the awardees on citation impact. With regard to productivity we find differences between the fields. While the awardees in life sciences outperform on average the most preeminent rejected applicants, the situation is reversed in social sciences. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Applications, Bibliometric Quality Indicators, Biomedicine, Citation, Citation Impact, Citation Rate, Convergent Validity And Predictive Validity, Elsevier, Error, Errors, Funding, Grant Allocation, h-Index, h-Index, Impact, Indicators, Peer Review, Performance, Productivity, Rejection, Research, Science, Scientific Research, Social Sciences ? Franceschet, M. (2010), Journal influence factors. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 239-248. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 239.pdf Abstract: We performed a thorough comparison of four main indicators of journal influence, namely 2-year impact factor, 5-year impact factor, eigenfactor and article influence. These indicators have been recently added by Thomson Reuters to the Journal Citation Reports, in both science and social science editions, and are thus available for study and comparison over a sample of significative size. We find that the distribution associated with the eigenfactor largely differs from the distribution of 120 the other surveyed measures in terms of deviation from the mean, concentration, entropy, and skewness. Moreover, it is the one that best fits to the lognormal theoretical model. Surprisingly, the eigenfactor is also the most variable indicator when computed across different fields of science and social science, while article influence is the most stable in this respect, and hence the most suitable metric to be used interdisciplinarily. Finally, the journal rankings provided by impact factors and article influence are relatively similar and diverge from the one produced by eigenfactor, which is closer to that given by the total number of received citations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citations, Comparison, Cross-Field Variability, Distribution, Eigenfactor Metrics, Elsevier, Entropy, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, Indicators, Informetrics, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journal Influence, Journal Influence Measures, Journal Rankings, Metrics, Model, Pagerank, Rankings, Science, Thomson Reuters ? Moed, H.F. (2010), Measuring contextual citation impact of scientific journals. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 265-277. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 265.pdf Abstract: This paper explores a new indicator of journal citation impact, denoted as source normalized impact per paper (SNIP). It measures a journal’s contextual citation impact, taking into account characteristics of its properly defined subject field, especially the frequency at which authors cite other papers in their reference lists, the rapidity of maturing of citation impact, and the extent to which a database used for the assessment covers the field’s literature. It further develops Eugene Garfield’s notions of a field’s ‘citation potential’ defined as the average length of references lists in a field and determining the probability of being cited, and the need in fair performance assessments to correct for differences between subject fields. A journal’s subject field is defined as the set of papers citing that journal. SNIP is defined as the ratio of the journal’s citation count per paper and the citation potential in its subject field. It aims to allow direct comparison of sources in different subject fields. Citation potential is shown to vary not only between journal subject categories - groupings of journals sharing a research field - or disciplines (e. g., journals in mathematics, engineering and social sciences tend to have lower values than titles in life sciences), but also between journals within the same subject category. For instance, basic journals tend to show higher citation potentials than applied or clinical journals, and journals covering emerging topics higher than periodicals in classical subjects or more general journals. SNIP corrects for such differences. Its strengths and limitations are critically discussed, and suggestions are made for further research. All empirical results are derived from Elsevier’s Scopus. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 121 Keywords: Assessment, Author, Authors, Citation, Citation Impact, Database Coverage, Impact, Journal, Journal Impact Factor, Journal Metrics, Journals, Literature, Output, Papers, Periodicals, Reference Practices, Research, Scopus, Social Sciences, Source Normalization, Subject Category, System, Tool ? Quirin, A., Cordon, O., Vargas-Quesada, B. and de Moya-Anegon, F. (2010), Graph-based data mining: A new tool for the analysis and comparison of scientific domains represented as scientograms. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 291-312. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 291.pdf Abstract: The creation of some kind of representations depicting the current state of Science (or scientograms) is an established and beaten track for many years now. However, if we are concerned with the automatic comparison, analysis and understanding of a set of scientograms, showing for instance the evolution of a scientific domain or a face-to-face comparison of several countries, the task is titanically complex as the amount of data to analyze becomes huge and complex. In this paper, we aim to show that graph-based data mining tools are useful to deal with scientogram analysis. Subdue, the first algorithm proposed in the graph mining area, has been chosen for this purpose. This algorithm has been customized to deal with three different scientogram analysis tasks regarding the evolution of a scientific domain over time, the extraction of the common research categories substructures in the world, and the comparison of scientific domains between different countries. The outcomes obtained in the developed experiments have clearly demonstrated the potential of graph mining tools in scientogram analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Algorithm, Categories, Cocitation Networks, Comparison, Complex, Data Mining, Domain Analysis, Elsevier, Evolution, Graph-Based Data Mining, Literatures, Maps, Outcomes, Pathfinder Networks, Research, Science, Science-Citation-Index, Scientogram Mining, Scientograms, Social Networks, Specialties, State, Subdue Algorithm, Task, Tools ? Glanzel, W. (2010), On reliability and robustness of scientometrics indicators based on stochastic models. An evidence-based opinion paper. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 313-319. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 313.pdf Abstract: In the present paper we give an overview over the opportunities of probabilistic models in scientometrics. Four examples from different topics are used to shed light on some important aspects of reliability and robustness of indicators based on stochastic models. Limitations and future tasks are discussed as well. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citation Processes, Distributions, Elsevier, Indicators, Informetrics, Journals, Models, Obsolescence, Ranking h-Index, Reliability, Scientometric Indicators, 122 Scientometrics, Statistical Reliability, Stochastic Models, Topics ? Kosmulski, M. (2010), Hirsch-type index of international recognition. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 351-357. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 351.pdf Abstract: The country-wise distribution of papers, which cite certain scientist is a sum of typical distribution for his/her branch of science and excessive citations from one or from a few countries. A new Hirsch-type index h_int is defined as the number of countries, h_int, from which at least h_int papers cite certain scientist, but from the country ranked h_int+1 in citing the scientist, less than h_int+1 papers cite that scientist. The h_int index reflects broad international recognition of a scientist, and prevents overrating of a citation record earned chiefly by self-citations or by citations received from a narrow circle of co-workers. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citation, Citation Metrics, Citations, Research Output, Science, Self-Citations ? Perc, M. (2010), Zipf’s law and log-normal distributions in measures of scientific output across fields and institutions: 40 years of Slovenia’s research as an example. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 358-364. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 358.pdf Abstract: Slovenia’s Current Research Information System (SICRIS) currently hosts 86,443 publications with citation data from 8359 researchers working on the whole plethora of social and natural sciences from 1970 till present. Using these data, we show that the citation distributions derived from individual publications have Zipfian properties in that they can be fitted by a power law P(x)similar to x(-alpha), with alpha between 2.4 and 3.1 depending on the institution and field of research. Distributions of indexes that quantify the success of researchers rather than individual publications, on the other hand, cannot be associated with a power law. We find that for Egghe’s g-index and Hirsch’s h-index the log-normal form P(x)similar to exp[-alnx - b(ln x)(2)] applies best, with a and b depending moderately on the underlying set of researchers. In special cases, particularly for institutions with a strongly hierarchical constitution and research fields with high self-citation rates, exponential distributions can be observed as well. Both indexes yield distributions with equivalent statistical properties, which is a strong indicator for their consistency and logical connectedness. At the same time, differences in the assessment of citation histories of individual researchers strengthen their importance for properly evaluating the quality and impact of scientific output. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Advantage, Citation, Citation Distribution, Complex Networks, g-Index, Growing Networks, h Index, h-Index, h-Index, Power, Publication, Publications, Ranking, Research, Researchers, Self-Citation, Self-Citation Corrections, Zipf’s Law 123 ? Bouyssou, D. and Marchant, T. (2010), Consistent bibliometric rankings of authors and of journals. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 365-378. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 365.pdf Abstract: Rankings of journals and rankings of scientists are usually discussed separately. We argue that a consistent approach to both rankings is desirable because both the quality of a journal and the quality of a scientist depend on the papers it/he publishes. We present a pair of consistent rankings (impact factor for the journals and total number of citations for the authors) and we provide an axiomatic characterization thereof. (C) Rankings 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Characterization, Citations, Consistent Rankings, Elsevier, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Individuals, Journal, Journals, Ranking of Authors, Ranking of Journals, Rankings ? Bornmann, L., Mutz, R. and Daniel, H.D. (2010), The h index research output measurement: Two approaches to enhance its accuracy. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 407-414. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 407.pdf Abstract: The h index is a widely used indicator to quantify an individual’s scientific research output. But it has been criticized for its insufficient accuracy-the ability to discriminate reliably between meaningful amounts of research output. As a single measure it cannot capture the complete information on the citation distribution over a scientist’s publication list. An extensive data set with bibliometric data on scientists working in the field of molecular biology is taken as an example to introduce two approaches providing additional information to the h index: (1) h(2) lower, h(2) center, and h(2) upper are proposed, which allow quantification of three areas within a scientist’s citation distribution: the low impact area (h(2) lower), the area captured by the h index (h(2) center), and the area of publications with the highest visibility (h(2) upper). (2) Given the existence of different areas in the citation distribution, the segmented regression model (sRM) is proposed as a method to statistically estimate the number of papers in a scientist’s publication list with the highest visibility. However, such sRM values should be compared across individuals with great care. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Accuracy, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Data, Biology, Citation, Distribution, Elsevier, Extensive, h Index, H(2) Center, H(2) Lower, H(2) Upper, H-Index, Impact, Indicators, Inference, Life Sciences Data, Mature Wood Transition, Measurement, Model, Models, Molecular Biology, Performance, Publication, Publications, Regression, Regression Model, Research, Research Output, Scientific Research, Segmented Regression Model, SRM Value, Standard Bibliometric Measures, Validation, Variants, Visibility ? van Raan, A.F.J., van Leeuwen, T.N., Visser, M.S., van Eck, N.J. and Waltman, L. 124 (2010), Rivals for the crown: Reply to Opthof and Leydesdorff. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 431-435. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 431.pdf Abstract: We reply to the criticism of Opthof and Leydesdorff on the way in which our institute applies journal and field normalizations to citation counts. We point out why we believe most of the criticism is unjustified, but we also indicate where we think Opthof and Leydesdorff raise a valid point. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicator, Citation, Citation Counts, Crown Indicator, Elsevier, Field Normalization, Impact, Indicators, Journal, Research Performance, Research Performance Assessment ? Bornmann, L. and Daniel, H.D. (2010), The citation speed index: A useful bibliometric indicator to add to the h index. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (3), 444-446. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 444.pdf Abstract: The scientific impact of a publication can be determined not only based on the number of times it is cited but also based on the citation speed with which its content is noted by the scientific community. Here we present the citation speed index as a meaningful complement to the h index: whereas for the calculation of the h index the impact of publications is based on number of citations, for the calculation of the speed index it is the number of months that have elapsed since the first citation, the citation speed with which the results of publications find reception in the scientific community. The speed index is defined as follows: a group of papers has the index s if for s of its N-p papers the first citation was at least s months ago, and for the other (N-p - s) papers the first citation was <= s months ago. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicator, Citation, Citation Speed, Citation Speed Index, Citations, Elsevier, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Publication, Publications, Scientific Impact ? Serenko, A. (2010), The development of an AI journal ranking based on the revealed preference approach. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 447-459. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 447.pdf Abstract: This study presents a ranking of 182 academic journals in the field of artificial intelligence. For this, the revealed preference approach, also referred to as a citation impact method, was utilized to collect data from Google Scholar. This list was developed based on three relatively novel indices: h-index, g-index, and hc-index. These indices correlated almost perfectly with one another (ranging from 0.97 to 0.99), and they correlated strongly with Thomson’s Journal Impact Factors (ranging from 0.64 to 0.69). It was concluded that journal longevity (years in print) is an important but not the only factor affecting an outlet’s ranking position. Inclusion in 125 Thomson’s Journal Citation Reports is a must for a journal to be identified as a leading A+ or A level outlet. However, coverage by Thomson does not guarantee a high citation impact of an outlet. The presented list may be utilized by scholars who want to demonstrate their research output, various academic committees, librarians and administrators who are not familiar with the AI research domain. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Academic Journal, Academic Journals, Artificial Intelligence, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Impact, g-Index, Global Perceptions, Google Scholar, Google Scholar, h Index, h-Index, h-Index, hc-Index, Journal Ranking, Journals, Knowledge Management, Management Journals, Quality, Research, Research Output, Scientometric Analysis, Systems Research ? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D. (2010), The citation triad: An overview of a scientist’s publication output based on Ferrers diagrams. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 503-511. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 503.pdf Abstract: In a recent work by Anderson, Hankin, and Killworth (2008), Ferrers diagrams and Durfee squares are used to represent the scientific output of a scientist and construct a new h-based bibliometric indicator, the tapered h-index (h(T)). In the first part of this paper we examine h(T), identifying its main drawbacks and weaknesses: an arbitrary scoring system and an illusory increase in discrimination power compared to h. Subsequently, we propose a new bibliometric tool, the citation triad (CT), that better exploits the information contained in a Ferrers diagram, giving a synthetic overview of a scientist’s publication output. The advantages of this new approach are discussed in detail. Argument is supported by several examples based on empirical data. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Big Hit, Citation, Citations, Durfee Square, Ferrers Diagram, h Index, h-Index, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Publication, Publication Output, Science, Sleeping Beauty, Tapered H-Index ? Franceschet, M. and Costantini, A. (2010), The effect of scholar collaboration on impact and quality of academic papers. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 540-553. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 540.pdf Abstract: We study how scholar collaboration varies across disciplines in science, social science, arts and humanities and the effects of author collaboration on impact and quality of coauthored papers. Impact is measured with the aid of citations collected by papers, while quality is determined by the judgements expressed by peer reviewers. To this end, we take advantage of the dataset provided by the first-ever national research assessment exercise of Italian universities, which involved 20 disciplinary areas, 102 research structures, 18,500 research products, and 6661 peer reviewers. Collaboration intensity neatly varies across disciplines: it is inescapable is 126 most sciences and negligible in most humanities. We measured a general positive association between cardinality of the author set of a paper and citation count as well as peer quality of the contribution. The correlation is stronger when the affiliations of authors are heterogeneous. There exist, however, notable and interesting counter-examples. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Author, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citations, Coauthorship, Collaboration, Contribution, Patterns, Peer Review, Research, Scholar Collaboration, Science, Scientific Collaboration ? Li, J.A., Sanderson, M., Willett, P., Norris, M. and Oppenheim, C. (2010), Ranking of library and information science researchers: Comparison of data sources for correlating citation data, and expert judgments. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 554-563. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 554.pdf Abstract: This paper studies the correlations between peer review and citation indicators when evaluating research quality in library and information science (LIS). Forty-two LIS experts provided judgments on a 5-point scale of the quality of research published by 101 scholars; the median rankings resulting from these judgments were then correlated with h-, g- and H-index values computed using three different sources of citation data: Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and Google Scholar (GS). The two variants of the basic h-index correlated more strongly with peer judgment than did the h-index itself; citation data from Scopus was more strongly correlated with the expert judgments than was data from GS, which in turn was more strongly correlated than data from WoS; correlations from a carefully cleaned version of GS data were little different from those obtained using swiftly gathered GS data; the indices from the citation databases resulted in broadly similar rankings of the LIS academics; GS disadvantaged researchers in bibliometrics compared to the other two citation database while WoS disadvantaged researchers in the more technical aspects of information retrieval; and experts from the UK and other European countries rated UK academics with higher scores than did experts from the USA. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citation, Expert Judgments, G-Index, Google-Scholar, h Index, h-Index, h-Index, h-Index, Information Retrieval, Library And Information Science, Peer Judgment, Peer Review, Physics, Publications, Ranking, Research, Researchers, Science, Scopus, Social-Sciences, University, Web-of-Science ? Mallig, N. (2010), A relational database for bibliometric analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 564-580. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 564.pdf Abstract: In this article a relational database schema for a bibliometric database is 127 developed. After the introduction explaining the motivation to use relational databases in bibliometrics, an overview of the related literature is given. A review of typical bibliometric questions serves as an informal requirement analysis. The database schema is developed as an entity-relationship diagram using the structural information typically found in scientific articles. Several SQL queries for the tasks presented in the requirement analysis show the usefulness of the developed database schema. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Indicators, Relational Database, Research Performance, Science, SQL ? Vieira, E.S. and Gomes, J.A.N.F. (2010), A research impact indicator for institutions. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 581-590. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 581.pdf Abstract: This paper introduces a new impact indicator for the research effort of a university, (n)h(3). The number of documents or the number of citations obtained by an institution are used frequently in international ranking of institutions. However, these are very dependent on the size and this is inducing mergers with the apparent sole goal of improving the research ranking. The alternative is to use the ratio of the two measures, the mean citation rate, that is size independent but it has been shown to fluctuate along the time as a consequence of its dependence on a very small number of documents with an extremely good citation performance. In the last few years, the popularity of the Hirsch index as an indicator of the research performance of individual researchers led to its application to journals and institutions. However, the original aim of this h index of giving a mixed measure of the number of documents published and their impact as measured by the citations collected along the time is totally undesirable for institutions as the overall size may be considered irrelevant for the impact evaluation of research. Furthermore, the h index when applied to institutions tends to retain a very small number of documents making all other research production irrelevant for this indicator. The (n)h(3) index proposed here is designed to measure solely the impact of research in a way that is independent of the size of the institution and is made relatively stable by making a 20-year estimate of the citations of the documents produced in a single year. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Citations, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch Index, Hirsch-Type Indexes, Institutional Impact, Journals, Production, Ranking Scientific Institutions, Research, Research Impact Indicator, Research Output, Researchers, Size-Dependence of the h Index ? Lu, K. and Wolfram, D. (2010), Geographic characteristics of the growth of informetrics literature 1987-2008. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 591-601. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 591.pdf 128 Abstract: Recent studies have concluded that American contributions to science literature have been in relative decline, whereas contributions from other parts of the world such as the European Union and Asia have increased. Is the same true for the areas of bibliometrics, informetrics and scientometrics? This study investigates the growth and geographic distribution of metrics research for the period 1987-2008. Similar to studies of other disciplines or science in general, the findings reveal that the United States continues to dominate, but there has been a recent relative decline in North American contributions overall. European and Asian contributions have grown substantially. National and institutional collaborations that contribute to this growth do not necessarily follow close geographic proximity, although European nations have been more active with international collaborations overall, both within Europe and elsewhere. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Informetrics Research, Literature Growth, Research, Research Collaboration, Science, Scientometrics, System, World ? Frandsen, T.F. and Nicolaisen, J. (2010), What is in a name? Credit assignment practices in different disciplines. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 608-617. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 608.pdf Abstract: The paper reviews the literature on disciplinary credit assignment practices, and presents the results of a longitudinal study of credit assignment practices in the fields of economics, high energy physics, and information science. The practice of alphabetization of authorship is demonstrated to vary significantly between the fields. A slight increase is found to have taken place in economics during the last 30 years (1978-2007). A substantial decrease is found to have taken place in information science during the same period. High energy physics is found to be characterised by a high and stable share of alphabetized multi-authorships during the investigated period (1990-2007). It is important to be aware of such disciplinary differences when conducting bibliometric analyses. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Alphabetization, Articles, Author Order, Authorship, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Core Journals, Credit Assignment, Economics Journals, Hyperauthorship, Medical Journals, Multi-Authorship, Publications, Scholarly Communication, Science, Scientific Collaboration ? Waltman, L., van Eck, N.J. and Noyons, E.C.M. (2010), A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. Journal of Informetrics, 4 (4), 629-635. Full Text: 2010\J Inf4, 629.pdf Abstract: In the analysis of bibliometric networks, researchers often use mapping and clustering techniques in a combined fashion. Typically, however, mapping and clustering techniques that are used together rely on very different ideas and assumptions. We propose a unified approach to mapping and clustering of 129 bibliometric networks. We show that the VOS mapping technique and a weighted and parameterized variant of modularity-based clustering can both be derived from the same underlying principle. We illustrate our proposed approach by producing a combined mapping and clustering of the most frequently cited publications that appeared in the field of information science in the period 1999-2008. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Author Cocitation Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Map, Clustering, Community Detection, Mapping, Maps, Pathfinder Networks, Publications, Researchers, Resolution, Science, Unified Approach ? Wagner, C.S., Roessner, J.D., Bobb, K., Klein, J.T., Boyack, K.W., Keyton, J., Rafols, I. and Börner, K. (2011), Approaches to understanding and measuring interdisciplinary scientific research (IDR): A review of the literature. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 14-26. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 14.pdf Abstract: Interdisciplinary scientific research (IDR) extends and challenges the study of science on a number of fronts, including creating output science and engineering (S&E) indicators. This literature review began with a narrow search for quantitative measures of the output of IDR that could contribute to indicators, but the authors expanded the scope of the review as it became clear that differing definitions, assessment tools, evaluation processes, and measures all shed light on different aspects of IDR. Key among these broader aspects is (a) the importance of incorporating the concept of knowledge integration, and (b) recognizing that integration can occur within a single mind as well as among a team. Existing output measures alone cannot adequately capture this process. Among the quantitative measures considered, bibliometrics (co-authorships, co-inventors, collaborations, references, citations and co-citations) are the most developed, but leave considerable gaps in understanding of the social dynamics that lead to knowledge integration. Emerging measures in network dynamics (particularly betweenness centrality and diversity), and entropy are promising as indicators, but their use requires sophisticated interpretations. Combinations of quantitative measures and qualitative assessments being applied within evaluation studies appear to reveal IDR processes but carry burdens of expense, intrusion, and lack of reproducibility year-upon-year. This review is a first step toward providing a more holistic view of measuring IDR, although research and development is needed before metrics can adequately reflect the actual phenomenon of IDR. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Assessment, Assessments, Authors, Betweenness, Bibliometrics, Centers, Centrality, Citations, Collaboration, Collaborations, Development, Diversity, Dynamics, Engineering, Entropy, Evaluation, Evaluation Studies, Field, First, Holistic, Indicators, Indicators, Integration, Interdisciplinary, Journals, Knowledge, 130 Lead, Literature, Literature Review, Metrics, Network, Perspectives, Qualitative, References, Reproducibility, Research, Research and Development, Review, Science, Scientific Research, Scope, Social, Team Science, Transdisciplinary Research, Understanding ? Waltman, L., van Eck, N.J., van Leeuwen, T.N., Visser, M.S. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2011), Towards a new crown indicator: Some theoretical considerations. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 37-47. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 37.pdf Abstract: The crown indicator is a well-known bibliometric indicator of research performance developed by our institute. The indicator aims to normalize citation counts for differences among fields. We critically examine the theoretical basis of the normalization mechanism applied in the crown indicator. We also make a comparison with an alternative normalization mechanism. The alternative mechanism turns out to have more satisfactory properties than the mechanism applied in the crown indicator. In particular, the alternative mechanism has a so-called consistency property. The mechanism applied in the crown indicator lacks this important property. As a consequence of our findings, we are currently moving towards a new crown indicator, which relies on the alternative normalization mechanism. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Alternative, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicator, Charts, Citation, Citation Counts, Citation Impact, Comparison, Consistency, Crown Indicator, Indicator, Mechanism, Normalization, Output, Performance, Property, Relative Indicators, Research, Research Performance, Rights, Score ? Albarrán, P., Ortuño, I. and Ruiz-Castillo, J. (2011), The measurement of low- and high-impact in citation distributions: Technical results. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 48-63. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 48.pdf Abstract: This paper introduces a novel methodology for comparing the citation distributions of research units of a certain size working in the same homogeneous field. Given a critical citation level (CCL), we suggest using two real valued indicators to describe the shape of any distribution: a high-impact and a low-impact measure defined over the set of articles with citations above or below the CCL. The key to this methodology is the identification of a citation distribution with an income distribution. Once this step is taken, it is easy to realize that the measurement of low-impact coincides with the measurement of economic poverty. In turn, it is equally natural to identify the measurement of high-impact with the measurement of a certain notion of economic affluence. On the other hand, it is seen that the ranking of citation distributions according to a family of low-impact measures is essentially characterized by a number of desirable axioms. Appropriately redefined, these same 131 axioms lead to the selection of an equally convenient class of decomposable high-impact measures. These two families are shown to satisfy other interesting properties that make them potentially useful in empirical applications, including the comparison of research units working in different fields. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Basic Research, Bibliometric Tools, Characteristic Scores, Citation, Citation Distribution, Citations, Comparison, Distribution, Economic, Excellence, Families, Family, Field, Identification, Impact Indicators, Indicators, Inequality, Lead, Measure, Measurement, Methodology, Natural, Notion, Poverty, Poverty Indexes, Poverty Measurement, Ranking, Ranking Scientific Institutions, Research, Research Performance, Research Performance, Rights, Science, Size ? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D. (2011), Structured evaluation of the scientific output of academic research groups by recent h-based indicators. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 64-74. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 64.pdf Abstract: Evaluating the scientific output of researchers, research institutions, academic departments and even universities is a challenging issue. To do this, bibliometric indicators are helpful tools, more and more familiar to research and governmental institutions. This paper proposes a structured method to compare academic research groups within the same discipline, by means of some Hirsch (h) based bibliometric indicators. Precisely, five different typologies of indicators are used so as to depict groups’ bibliometric positioning within the scientific community. A specific analysis concerning the Italian researchers in the scientific sector of Production Technology and Manufacturing Systems is developed. The analysis is supported by empirical data and can be extended to research groups associated to other scientific sectors. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Academic Research Group, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Positioning, Ch-Index, Community, Data, Evaluation, Familiar, h-Index, H-Spectrum, Hirsch, Hirsch-Index, Indicators, Institutions, Performance, Ranking, Research, Research Evaluation, Rights, Scientific Output, Scientific Production, Sector, Successive H-Indices, Universities ? Bouyssou, D. and Marchant, T. (2011), Bibliometric rankings of journals based on Impact Factors: An axiomatic approach. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 75-86. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 75.pdf Abstract: This paper proposes an axiomatic analysis of Impact Factors when used as tools for ranking journals. This analysis draws on the similarities between the problem of comparing distribution of citations among papers and that of comparing probability distributions on consequences as commonly done in decision theory. Our analysis singles out a number of characteristic properties of the ranking based on 132 Impact Factors. We also suggest alternative ways of using distributions of citations to rank order journals. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Alternative, Analysis, Approach, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Citations, Consequences, Decision, Decision Theory, Distribution, Expected Utility, G-Index, History, Impact Factor, Journal Rankings, Journals, Papers, Rank, Ranking, Rankings, Rights, Risk, Science, Stands Today, Theory, Tool, Utility ? Leydesdorff, L. and Rafols, I. (2011), Indicators of the interdisciplinarity of journals: Diversity, centrality, and citations. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 87-100. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 87.pdf Abstract: A citation-based indicator for interdisciplinarity has been missing hitherto among the set of available journal indicators. In this study, we investigate network indicators (betweenness centrality), unevenness indicators (Shannon entropy, the Gini coefficient), and more recently proposed Rao-Stirling measures for “interdisciplinarity.” The latter index combines the statistics of both citation distributions of journals (vector-based) and distances in citation networks among journals (matrix-based). The effects of various normalizations are specified and measured using the matrix of 8207 journals contained in the Journal Citation Reports of the (Social) Science Citation Index 2008. Betweenness centrality in symmetrical (1-mode) cosine-normalized networks provides an indicator outperforming betweenness in the asymmetrical (2-mode) citation network. Among the vector-based indicators, Shannon entropy performs better than the Gini coefficient, but is sensitive to size. Science and Nature, for example, are indicated at the top of the list. The new diversity measure provides reasonable results when (1 - cosine) is assumed as a measure for the distance, but results using Euclidean distances were difficult to interpret. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Betweenness Centrality, Centrality, Citation, Citation Network, Citations, Communication, Diversity, Entropy, Entropy, Gini, Impact Factor, Index, Indicator, Indicators, Interdisciplinarity, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Mathematical-Theory, Matrix, Measure, Network, Networks, Random-Walks, Rights, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Journals, Size, Statistics, Technology ? Colliander, C. and Ahlgren, P. (2011), The effects and their stability of field normalization baseline on relative performance with respect to citation impact: A case study of 20 natural science departments. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 101-113. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 101.pdf Abstract: In this paper we study the effects of field normalization baseline on relative performance of 20 natural science departments in terms of citation impact. Impact is studied under three baselines: journal, ISI/Thomson Reuters subject category, and Essential Science Indicators field. For the measurement of citation impact, the 133 indicators item-oriented mean normalized citation rate and Top-5% are employed. The results, which we analyze with respect to stability, show that the choice of normalization baseline matters. We observe that normalization against publishing journal is particular. The rankings of the departments obtained when journal is used as baseline, irrespective of indicator, differ considerably from the rankings obtained when ISI/Thomson Reuters subject category or Essential Science Indicators field is used. Since no substantial differences are observed when the baselines Essential Science Indicators field and ISI/Thomson Reuters subject category are contrasted, one might suggest that people without access to subject category data can perform reasonable normalized citation impact studies by combining normalization against journal with normalization against Essential Science Indicators field. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Author, Citation, Citation Impact, Cross-Field, Essential Science Indicators Field, Excellence, Field Normalization Baseline, Impact, Indicators, ISI, Thomson Reuters Subject Category, Journal, Measurement, Publishing, Science, Stability Analysis, Subject Category ? Albarrán, P., Ortuño, I. and Ruiz-Castillo, J. (2011), High- and low-impact citation measures: Empirical applications. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 122-145. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 122.pdf Abstract: This paper contains the first empirical applications of a novel methodology for comparing the citation distributions of research units working in the same homogeneous field. The paper considers a situation in which the world citation distribution in 22 scientific fields is partitioned into three geographical areas: the U. S., the European Union (EU), and the rest of the world (RW). Given a critical citation level (CCL), we suggest using two real valued indicators to describe the shape of each area’s distribution: a high-and a low-impact measure defined over the set of articles with citations below or above the CCL. It is found that, when the CCL is fixed at the 80th percentile of the world citation distribution, the U. S. performs dramatically better than the EU and the RW according to both indicators in all scientific fields. This superiority generally increases as we move from the incidence to the intensity and the citation inequality aspects of the phenomena in question. Surprisingly, changes observed when the CCL is increased from the 80th to the 95th percentile are of a relatively small order of magnitude. Finally, it is found that international co-authorship increases the high-impact and reduces the low-impact level in the three geographical areas. This is especially the case for the EU and the RW when they cooperate with the U.S. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Changes, Citation, Citation Distribution, Citations, Co-Authorship, Coauthorship, Cooperation, Distribution, Eu, European Union, Field, First, Impact Indicators, Incidence, Indicators, Inequality, International, International 134 Scientific Collaboration, Measure, Methodology, Nations, Research, Research Evaluation, Rights, Scales, Scientific Ranking, Scores, Small, U, World ? Cobo, M.J., López-Herrera, A.G., Herrera-Viedma, E. and Herrera, F. (2011), An approach for detecting, quantifying, and visualizing the evolution of a research field: A practical application to the Fuzzy Sets Theory field. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 146-166. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 146.pdf Abstract: This paper presents an approach to analyze the thematic evolution of a given research field. This approach combines performance analysis and science mapping for detecting and visualizing conceptual subdomains (particular themes or general thematic areas). It allows us to quantify and visualize the thematic evolution of a given research field. To do this, co-word analysis is used in a longitudinal framework in order to detect the different themes treated by the research field across the given time period. The performance analysis uses different bibliometric measures, including the h-index, with the purpose of measuring the impact of both the detected themes and thematic areas. The presented approach includes a visualization method for showing the thematic evolution of the studied field. Then, as an example, the thematic evolution of the Fuzzy Sets Theory field is analyzed using the two most important journals in the topic: Fuzzy Sets and Systems and IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Application, Approach, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Citation Analysis, Co-Word Analysis, Co-Word Analysis, Cocitation, Evolution, Field, Framework, Fuzzy Sets Theory, General, h Index, h-Index, Impact, Journals, Longitudinal, Mapping, Maps, Model, Network, Performance, Purpose, Research, Rights, Science, Science Mapping, Scientometrics, Similarity Measures, Surfactants, Thematic Evolution, Visualization ? Ding, Y. (2011), Scientific collaboration and endorsement: Network analysis of coauthorship and citation networks. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 187-203. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 187.pdf Abstract: Scientific collaboration and endorsement are well-established research topics which utilize three kinds of methods: survey/questionnaire, bibliometrics, and complex network analysis. This paper combines topic modeling and path-finding algorithms to determine whether productive authors tend to collaborate with or cite researchers with the same or different interests, and whether highly cited authors tend to collaborate with or cite each other. Taking information retrieval as a test field, the results show that productive authors tend to directly coauthor with and closely cite colleagues sharing the same research interests; they do not generally collaborate directly with colleagues having different research topics, but instead directly or indirectly cite them; and highly cited authors do not generally coauthor with each 135 other, but closely cite each other. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Algorithms, Analysis, Authors, Bibliometrics, Citation, Co-Authorship Networks, Coauthorship, Cocitation Analysis, Collaboration, Communities, Field, Impact, Information, Information Retrieval, Information-Retrieval, Intellectual Structure, Methods, Modeling, Network, Network Analysis, Networks, Path-Finding Algorithm, Research, Science, Scientific Collaboration, Scientific Endorsement, Search, Social Networks, Topic Modeling ? Abramo, G., D’Angelo, C.A. and Solazzi, M. (2011), Are researchers that collaborate more at the international level top performers? An investigation on the Italian university system. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 204-213. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 204.pdf Abstract: The practice of collaboration, and particularly international collaboration, is becoming ever more widespread in scientific research, and is likewise receiving greater interest and stimulus from policy-makers. However, the relation between research performance and degree of internationalization at the level of single researchers still presents unresolved questions. The present work, through a bibliometric analysis of the entire Italian university population working in the hard sciences over the period 2001-2005, seeks to answer some of these questions. The results show that the researchers with top performance with respect to their national colleagues are also those who collaborate more abroad, but that the reverse is not always true. Also, interesting differences emerge at the sectorial level. Finally, the effect of the nation involved in the international partnership plays a role that should not be ignored. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Co-Authorships, Collaboration, International, International Research Collaboration, Internationalization, Investigation, Italy, Knowledge, Organization, Performance, Population, Practice, Research, Research Performance, Rights, Role, Sciences, Scientific Research, Top Scientist, University, Work ? Garcia-Perez, M.A. (2011), Strange attractors in the Web of Science database. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 214-218. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 214.pdf Abstract: Accurate computation of h indices or other indicators of research impact requires access to databases supplying complete and accurate citation information. The Web of Science (WoS) database is widely used for this purpose and it is generally deemed error-free. This note describes an inaccuracy that seems to affect differentially non-English sources and targets in WoS, namely, “phantom citations” (i.e., papers reported by WoS to cite some article when they actually did not) and their concentration around particular articles that are thus dubbed “strange attractors”. The analysis of references in (and citations to) papers in two English sources and two 136 non-English sources reveals that phantom citations and other errors of indexing occur about twice as often with non-English items. These and other errors of commission affect about 1% of the cited references in the WoS database, and they may reveal large-scale problems in the reference matching algorithm in WoS. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Access, Algorithm, Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Computation, Concentration, Cons, Consequences, Coverage, Database, Databases, Errors, Google Scholar, H-Index, Impact, Indexing, Indicators, Indices, Information, of-Science, Papers, Pros, Purpose, Reference, References, Research, Rights, Science, Scientometrics, Scopus, Sources, Web of Science ? Gingras, Y. and Lariviere, V. (2011), There are neither “king” nor “crown” in scientometrics: Comments on a supposed “alternative” method of normalization. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (1), 226-227 Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 226.pdf Keywords: Normalization, Scientometrics ? Chen, K.H. and Guan, J.C. (2011), A bibliometric investigation of research performance in emerging nanobiopharmaceuticals. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (2), 233-247. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 233.pdf Abstract: The three important research domains, nanotechnology, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, integratedly breed a promising multidisciplinary domain in the post-genomic age, which was recently defined by the term “nanobiopharmaceuticals”. In this paper, we firstly investigate its general development profiles, and then implement cross-country comparisons in its research performances, with the focus on the world share, relative research effort, impact and quality of five productive countries. Furthermore, from the science mapping perspective, we build the co-word and co-citation networks respectively for detecting its intellectual structure as well as evolution footprints of intellectual turning points. The growth examinations based on the datasets from WoS, MEDLINE and BIOSIS Review confirm the exponential growth of publications and citations in nanobiopharm-research. The cross-country comparisons show that USA is the leading country, and China is an up-and-coming contributor. The visual mapping structures by co-occurrence analyses show that nanobiopharm-research is currently focused on the drug development for improving biodistribution, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics, and the drug delivery for improving delivery of existing drugs. Some pivot publications is identified by CiteSpace, which work as structural holes, research fronts and intellectual bases for the nanobiopharm-research development in the given time window. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Age, Analyses, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Investigation, Bibliometric Study, 137 Bioavailability, Biotechnology, China, Citations, Co-Citation, Co-Occurrence Analysis, Co-Word Analysis, Cocitation, Country, Cross-Country Comparisons, Delivery, Development, Drug, Drug Delivery, Drug Development, Drugs, Evolution, General, Growth, Growth Pattern, Impact, Indicators, Intellectual Structure, Intellectual Structure And Evolutions, Investigation, Mapping, Medline, Multidisciplinary, Nanobiopharmaceutics, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Networks, Performance, Pharmaceuticals, Pharmacokinetics, Profiles, Publications, Quality, Quality of, Research, Research Fronts, Research Performance, Rights, Science, Science Mapping, Scientific Literature, Structure, Term, USA, Visual Mapping, Work, World ? Bras-Amorós, M., Domingo-Ferrer, J. and Torra, V. (2011), A bibliometric index based on the collaboration distance between cited and citing authors. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (2), 248-264. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 248.pdf Abstract: The popular h-index used to measure scientific output can be described in terms of a pool of evaluated objects (the papers), a quality function on the evaluated objects (the number of citations received by each paper) and a sentencing line crossing the origin, whose intersection with the graph of the quality function yields the index value (in the h-index this is a line with slope 1). Based on this abstraction, we present a new index, the c-index, in which the evaluated objects are the citations received by an author, a group of authors, a journal, etc., the quality function of a citation is the collaboration distance between the authors of the cited and the citing papers, and the sentencing line can take slopes between 0 and infinity. As a result, the new index counts only those citations which are significant enough, where significance is proportional to collaboration distance. Several advantages of the new c-index with respect to previous proposals are discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indices, C-Index, Citation, Citations, Collaboration, Crossing, Function, h Index, h-Index, h-Index, Impact, Index, Journal, Measure, Numbers, Origin, Papers, Quality, Ranking, Rights, Scientific Output, Scientists, Significance, Value ? Vanclay, J.K. (2011), An evaluation of the Australian Research Council’s journal ranking. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (2), 265-274. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 265.pdf Abstract: As part of its program of ‘Excellence in Research for Australia’ (ERA), the Australian Research Council ranked journals into four categories (A*, A, B, and C) in preparation for their performance evaluation of Australian universities. The ranking is important because it likely to have a major impact on publication choices and research dissemination in Australia. The ranking is problematic because it is 138 evident that some disciplines have been treated very differently than others. This paper reveals weaknesses in the ERA journal ranking and highlights the poor correlation between ERA rankings and other acknowledged metrics of journal standing. It highlights the need for a reasonable representation of journals ranked as A* in each scientific discipline. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Australia, Australian, Bibliometrics, Correlation, Economics, Evaluation, Excellence In Research For Australia (ERA), Google Scholar, h-Index, Impact, Indicators, Journal, Journals, Metrics, Performance, Performance Evaluation, Preparation, Publication, Quality, Ranking, Rankings, Representation, Research, Research Evaluation, Rights, Scientific-Research, Scopus, Universities ? Franceschet, M. and Costantini, A. (2011), The first Italian research assessment exercise: A bibliometric perspective. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (2), 275-291. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 275.pdf Abstract: In December 2003, seventeen years after the first UK research assessment exercise, Italy started up its first-ever national research evaluation, with the aim to evaluate, using the peer review method, the excellence of the national research production. The evaluation involved 20 disciplinary areas, 102 research structures, 18,500 research products and 6661 peer reviewers (1465 from abroad); it had a direct cost of 3.55 millions Euros and a time length spanning over 18 months. The introduction of ratings based on ex post quality of output and not on ex ante respect for parameters and compliance is an important leap forward of the national research evaluation system toward meritocracy. From the bibliometric perspective, the national assessment offered the unprecedented opportunity to perform a large-scale comparison of peer review and bibliometric indicators for an important share of the Italian research production. The present investigation takes full advantage of this opportunity to test whether peer review judgements and (article and journal) bibliometric indicators are independent variables and, in the negative case, to measure the sign and strength of the association. Outcomes allow us to advocate the use of bibliometric evaluation, suitably integrated with expert review, for the forthcoming national assessment exercises, with the goal of shifting from the assessment of research excellence to the evaluation of average research performance without significant increase of expenses. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Assessment, Association, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Evaluation, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Chemistry, Citation Distributions, Comparison, Compliance, Cost, Evaluation, Exercise, Exercises, First, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Impact, Indicators, Investigation, Italy, Journal, Length, Measure, Metrics, Peer Review, Peer-Review, Performance, Quality, Quality of, Research, Research Assessment, Research Evaluation, Research Performance, Review, Rights, Science, Strength, UK, Universality, Validation 139 ? Ortega, J.L., López-Romero, E. and Fernández, I. (2011), Multivariate approach to classify research institutes according to their outputs: The case of the CSIC’s institutes. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (3), 323-332. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 323.pdf Abstract: This paper attempts to build a classification model according to the research products created by those institutes and hence to design specific evaluation processes. Several scientific input/output indicators belonging to 109 research institutes from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) were selected. A multidimensional approach was proposed to resume these indicators in various components. A clustering analysis was used to classify the institutes according to their scores with those components (principal component analysis). Moreover, the validity of the a priori classification was tested and the most discriminant variables were detected (linear discriminant analysis). Results show that there are three types of institutes according to their research outputs: Humanistic, Scientific and Technological. It is argue that these differences oblige to design more precise assessment exercises which focus on the particular results of each type of institute. We conclude that this method permits to build more precise research assessment exercises which consider the varied nature of the scientific activity. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Assessment, Classification, Indicators, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Performance, Principal Component Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Research, Research Centres Classification, Scientometrics, Universities ? Serenko, A., Cox, R.A.K., Bontis, N. and Booker, L.D. (2011), The superstar phenomenon in the knowledge management and intellectual capital academic discipline. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (3), 333-345. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 333.pdf Abstract: This paper reports on the first documented attempt to investigate the presence of the superstar (or Matthew) effect in the knowledge management and intellectual capital (KM/IC) scholarly discipline. The Yule-Simon model and Lotka’s square law were applied to the publication data obtained from 2175 articles from 11 KM/IC journals. Based on the findings, it was concluded that the KM/IC discipline represents a very young, attractive academic field that welcomes contributions from a variety of academics and practitioners. In their paper acceptance decisions, KM/IC journal editors are not biased towards a small group of highly productive researchers, which is a positive sign that the field has been progressing in the right direction. The discipline is driven more by academics than by practitioners, and the distribution of articles is more concentrated among a few academic but not practitioner institutions. It was also observed that the Yule-Simon model and Lotka’s square law may produce different distributions with respect to institutions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 140 Keywords: Academics, Bibliometric Distributions, Cumulative Advantage, Economics, Editor Bias, Journal, Journal Editors, Journals, Lotka’s Square Law, Matthew Effect, Patterns, Productivity, Publication, Research Output, Science, Scientists, Scientometric Analysis, Superstar Effect, Yule Distribution, Yule-Simon Model ? Bornmann, L., Mutz, R., Hug, S.E. and Daniel, H.D. (2011), A multilevel meta-analysis of studies reporting correlations between the h index and 37 different h index variants. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (3), 346-359. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 346.pdf Abstract: This paper presents the first meta-analysis of studies that computed correlations between the h index and variants of the h index (such as the g index; in total 37 different variants) that have been proposed and discussed in the literature. A high correlation between the h index and its variants would indicate that the h index variants hardly provide added information to the h index. This meta-analysis included 135 correlation coefficients from 32 studies. The studies were based on a total sample size of N = 9005; on average, each study had a sample size of n = 257. The results of a three-level cross-classified mixed-effects meta-analysis show a high correlation between the h index and its variants: Depending on the model, the mean correlation coefficient varies between 8 and 9. This means that there is redundancy between most of the h index variants and the h index. There is a statistically significant study-to-study variation of the correlation coefficients in the information they yield. The lowest correlation coefficients with the h index are found for the h index variants MII and m index. Hence, these h index variants make a non-redundant contribution to the h index. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Authored Manuscripts, Bibliometric Indicators, h Index, h Index Variants, h-Index, Hirsch-Type Indexes, Impact, Information, Institutions, Literature, Meta-Analysis, Multilevel Analysis, R-Index, Random-Effects Models, Research Performance, Scientific-Research Output, Self-Citation Corrections ? Gonzalez-Álbo, B. and Bordons, M. (2011), Articles vs. proceedings papers: Do they differ in research relevance and impact? A case study in the Library and Information Science field. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (3), 369-381. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 369.pdf Abstract: In 2008, the type of document “proceedings paper” (PP) was assigned in the WoS database to journal articles which were initially presented at a conference and later adapted for publication in a journal. Since the use of two different labels (“article” and “proceedings paper”) might lead to infer differences in their relevance and/or quality, this paper presents a comparative study of standard journal articles and PP in journals to explore potential differences between them. The study focuses on the Library and Information Science field in the Web of Science database and covers the 1990-2008 period. PP approximately account for 9% of the total number 141 of articles in this field, two-thirds of which are published in monographic issues devoted to conferences, which tend to be concentrated in specific journals. Proceedings papers emerge as an heterogeneous set comprising PP in ordinary issues, similar to standard articles in structure and impact of research; and PP in monographic issues, which seem to be less comprehensive and tend to receive less citations. Faster publication of PP in monographic than in ordinary issues may conceal differences in the review process undergone by either type of paper. The main implications of these results for authors, bibliometricians, journal editors and research evaluators are pointed out. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric Analysis, Citations, Conference, Document Type, Journal, Journal Editors, Journals, Library and Information Science, Papers, Proceedings Papers, Publication, Research, Review, Web of Science ? Franceschini, F. and Maisano, D. (2011), Regularity in the research output of individual scientists: An empirical analysis by recent bibliometric tools. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (3), 458-468. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 458.pdf Abstract: This paper proposes an empirical analysis of several scientists based on their time regularity, defined as the ability of generating an active and stable research output over time, in terms of both quantity/publications and impact/citations. In particular, we empirically analyse three recent bibliometric tools to perform qualitative/quantitative evaluations under the new perspective of regularity. These tools are respectively (1) the PY/CY diagram, (2) the publication/citation Ferrers diagram and triad indicators, and (3) a year-by-year comparison of the scientists’ output (Borda’s ranking). Results of the regularity analysis are then compared with those obtained under the classical perspective of overall production. The proposed evaluation tools can be applied to competitive examinations for research position/promotion, as complementary instruments to the commonly adopted bibliometric techniques. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Borda’s Method, Citation Regularity, Citation, Publication Distribution, Ferrers Diagram, h-Index, Indicators, Individual Scientist, Publication Regularity, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Output, Science, University ? Wu, J., Lozano, S. and Helbing, D. (2011), Empirical study of the growth dynamics in real career h-index sequences. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 489-497. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 489.pdf Abstract: Based on historical citation data from the ISI Web of Science, this paper introduces a methodology to automatically calculate and classify the real career h-index sequences of scientists. Such a classification is based on the convexity-concavity features of the different temporal segments of h-index sequences. Five categories are identified, namely convex, concave, S-shaped, 142 IS-shaped and linear. As a case study, the h-index sequences of several Nobel Prize winners in Medicine, Chemistry and Economics are investigated. Two proposed factors influencing the growth of the h-index, namely the “freshness” of the h-index core and changes in the rank positions of papers near the h-index point are studied. It is found that the h-index core’s “freshness” is particularly relevant to the growth of the h-index. Moreover, although in general more publications lead to an increase of the h-index, the key role is played by those papers near the h-index point. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Chemistry, Citation, Economics, Growth, h Index, h-Index, h-Index Core, H-Index Sequence, Hirsch Index, Isi, Isi Web of Science, Lead, Methodology, Model, Nobel Prize, Papers, Publications, Real Career Path, Science, Web of Science ? Ding, Y. (2011), Community detection: Topological vs. topical. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 498-514. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 498.pdf Abstract: The evolution of the Web has promoted a growing interest in social network analysis, such as community detection. Among many different community detection approaches, there are two kinds that we want to address: one considers the graph structure of the network (topology-based community detection approach); the other one takes the textual information of the network nodes into consideration (topic-based community detection approach). This paper conducted systematic analysis of applying a topology-based community detection approach and a topic-based community detection approach to the coauthorship networks of the information retrieval area and found that: (1) communities detected by the topology-based community detection approach tend to contain different topics within each community; and (2) communities detected by the topic-based community detection approach tend to contain topologically-diverse sub-communities within each community. The future community detection approaches should not only emphasize the relationship between communities and topics, but also consider the dynamic changes of communities and topics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Analysis, Author Cocitation, Bibliometric Information, Citation, Coauthor Network, Coauthorship, Cocitation Analysis, Communities, Community Detection, Evolution, Information, Information Retrieval, Information-Retrieval, Interest, Network, Networks, Science, Social, Social Network, Social Network Analysis, Systematic, Text, Topics ? Kuan, C.H., Huang, M.H. and Chen, D.Z. (2011), Positioning research and innovation performance using shape centroids of h-core and h-tail. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 515-528. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 515.pdf Abstract: We propose a novel yet practical method capturing an individual’s research or 143 innovation performance by the shape centroids of the h-core and h-tail areas of its publications or patents. A large number of individuals’ relative performance with respect to their h-cores and h-tails can be simultaneously positioned and conveniently observed in two-dimensional coordinate systems. Two approaches are further proposed to the utilization of the two-dimensional distribution of shape centroids. The first approach specifically determines, within a group of individuals, those outperforming or being outperformed by a target individual. The second approach provides a quick qualitative categorization of the individuals so that the nature of their performance is revealed. Using patent assignees as an illustrative case, the approaches are tested with empirical patent assignee data. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Coordinate Systems, Copyright, H-Core, H-Tail, Impact, Index, Innovation, Output, Patent, Patentometrics, Publications, Rank-Citation Curve, Research, Shape Centroid, Utilization ? Sangwal, K. (2011), Progressive nucleation mechanism and its application to the growth of journals, articles and authors in scientific fields. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 529-536. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 529.pdf Abstract: The basic concepts of progressive nucleation mechanism are described and the final equations of the mechanism are used to analyze the growth of articles in three randomly selected databases from 20 different databases in humanities (philosopher’s index, set 1), social sciences (exceptional child education, set 5) and science and technology (food science and technology, set 10), respectively, covering the period 1968-1987, previously analyzed by Egghe and Ravichandra Rao (1992, Scientometrics 25 (1), 5-46), and the growth of journals, articles and authors in malaria research for the period 1955-2005, reported recently by Ravichandra Rao and Srivastava (2010, Journal of Informetrics 4 (1), 249-256) and compared with the predictions of the power-law equation. Analysis of the former data revealed that: (1) the progressive nucleation mechanism describes the data better than the power-law relation, (2) the field of social sciences is saturated much earlier than science and technology but publication activity in humanities is saturated much later, and (3) that social sciences have the maximum growth, followed by lower growth in humanities and the lowest growth in science and technology. The data on journals J(t), papers N(t) and authors W(t) against publication year Y in malaria research can be described equally well by equations of the power-law and progressive nucleation mechanism, and the growth of journals J(t) and articles N(t) is intimately connected with the growth of authors W(t). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Authors, Child, Databases, Education, Growth, Growth Behavior of Items, Informetrics, Journal, Journals, Malaria, Malaria Research, Mechanism, Papers, 144 Power-Law Relation, Progressive Nucleation Mechanism, Publication, Publication Activity, Research, Saturation of Item, Field, Science, Science And Technology, Sciences, Scientometrics, Social, Social Sciences ? Bornmann, L., Leydesdorff, L., Walch-Solimena, C. and Ettl, C. (2011), Mapping excellence in the geography of science: An approach based on Scopus data. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 537-546. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 537.pdf Abstract: As research becomes an ever more globalized activity, there is growing interest in national and international comparisons of standards and quality in different countries and regions. A sign for this trend is the increasing interest in rankings of universities according to their research performance, both inside but also outside the scientific environment. New methods presented in this paper, enable us to map centers of excellence around the world using programs that are freely available. Based on Scopus data, field-specific excellence can be identified and agglomerated in regions and cities where recently highly cited papers were published. Differences in performance rates can be visualized on the map using colours and sizes of the marks. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Centers, Citation, Cities, Environment, Geographic Mapping, Highly Cited Papers, Highly-Cited, Interest, International Comparisons, Networks, Papers, Patterns, Rankings, Research, Research Performance, Science, Scientific Excellence, Scopus, Spatial Scientometrics, Standards, Trend, Universities ? Bornmann, L. and Waltman, L. (2011), The detection of “hot regions” in the geography of science-A visualization approach by using density maps. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 547-553. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 547.pdf Abstract: Spatial scientometrics has attracted a lot of attention in the very recent past. The visualization methods (density maps) presented in this paper allow for an analysis revealing regions of excellence around the world using computer programs that are freely available. Based on Scopus and Web of Science data, field-specific and field-overlapping scientific excellence can be identified in broader regions (worldwide or for a specific continent) where high quality papers (highly cited papers or papers published in Nature or Science) were published. We used a geographic information system to produce our density maps. We also briefly discuss the use of Google Earth. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Attention, Bibliometric Indicators, Cities, Computer, Computer Programs, Density Map, Geographic Information System, Geographical Mapping, Highly Cited Paper, Highly-Cited, Information, Networks, Papers, Science, Scientometrics, Scopus, Spatial Scientometrics, Visualization, Web of Science ? Sangwal, K. (2011), On the growth of citations of publication output of individual 145 authors. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 554-564. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 554.pdf Abstract: Dependence of citations L(t) at time t on the publication duration t of 10 arbitrarily selected Polish professors is analyzed using equations based on power law and exponential growth and on progressive nucleation mechanism for overall crystallization in fixed volume. The former two approaches are well known in the bibliometric literature, but the last approach is new for the analysis of growth of citations and other related phenomena. It was found that: (1) power-law relation and exponential growth are relatively inadequate to analyze the data of all authors due to large scatter in the L(t) data of various authors, (2) in view of poor fit at low or high values of t, the exponential growth relation is worse than the power-law relation, and (3) the progressive nucleation mechanism describes the data reasonably well and gives information on the processes of sources of citations and the growth of theses citation sources. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric, Citation, Citation Rate, Citations, Dependence, Exponential Growth Law, Growth, Index, Information, Literature, Mechanism, Power, Power Law, Progressive Nucleation Mechanism, Publication, Publication Output ? de la Pena, J.A. (2011), Impact functions on the citation network of scientific articles. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 565-573. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 565.pdf Abstract: Scientometric models, which consider papers in a undifferentiated way, are blind to important features of the citation network. We propose an approach for the definition of a function P(S), for any set of scientific articles S, which reflects global properties of the citation network associated to S. Such a function, that we propose as a measure of the impact of scientific papers, is constructed as solution of an iterated system of Perron-eigenvalue problems. We discuss differences with previously defined measures, in particular of the PageRank type. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Citation, Differences, Eigenvalues of Matrices Associated to Networks, Impact, Impact of Papers, Network, Network of Citations, Pagerank, Papers, Perron Eigenvalue, Physics, Science ? Zhang, L., Thijs, B. and Glanzel, W. (2011), The diffusion of H-related literature. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 583-593. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 583.pdf Abstract: In the present study we attempt to trace the diffusion of h-related literature over a five-year period beginning with the introduction of the h-index. The study is based on a reliable and representative publication set of 755 papers retrieved from the Web of Science database using keywords and citation links. In the course of the 146 study we analyse several aspects of the emergence of this topic, the differentiation of methodological research, its application within and outside the field and the dissemination process of information among different disciplines in the sciences and social sciences. Finally, a cluster analysis of h-related literature is conducted. The hybrid clustering algorithm results in four clusters, which depict two different aspects each of basic and applied research related to the h-index and its derivatives. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Academic Journals, Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Clustering Analysis, Copyright, Core-Documents, Dependent Lotkaian Informetrics, Differentiation, Diffusion, Dissemination, Egghes G-Index, Google Scholar, h Index, H-Index, Hirsch-Index, Information, Knowledge Diffusion, Literature, Papers, Publication, Research, Research Performance, Research Productivity, Science, Sciences, Self-Citation Corrections, Social, Social Sciences, Web of Science, Web-of-Science ? Buter, R.K. and van Raan, A.F.J. (2011), Non-alphanumeric characters in titles of scientific publications: An analysis of their occurrence and correlation with citation impact. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 608-617. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 608.pdf Abstract: We investigated the occurrence of non-alphanumeric characters in a randomized subset of over almost 650,000 titles of scientific publications from the Web of Science database. Additionally, for almost 500,000 of these publications we correlated occurrence with impact, using the field-normalised citation metric CPP/FCSm. We compared occurrence and correlation with impact both at in general and for specific disciplines and took into account the variation within sets by (non-parametrically) bootstrapping the calculation of impact values. We also compared use and impact of individual characters in the 30 fields in which non-alphanumeric characters occur most frequently, by using heatmaps that clustered and reordered fields and characters. We conclude that the use of some non-alphanumeric characters, such as the hyphen and colon, is common in most titles and that not including such characters generally correlates negatively with impact. Specific disciplines on the other hand, may show either a negative, absent, or positive correlation. We also found that thematically related science fields use non-alphanumeric characters in comparable numbers, but that impact associated with such characters shows a less strong thematic relation. Overall, it appears that authors cannot influence success of publications by including non-alphanumeric characters in fields where this is not already commonplace. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Keywords: Analysis, Articles, Asterisk, Authors, Bootstrap, Bootstrap, Citation, Citation Impact, Colons, Confidence-Intervals, Correlates, Hand, Heatmaps, Impact, Occurrence, Publications, Science, Scientific Publications, Special Characters, 147 Success, Titles, Web of Science ? Abramo, G., Cicero, T. and D’Angelo, C.A. (2011), A field-standardized application of DEA to national-scale research assessment of universities. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 618-628. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 618.pdf Abstract: The current work proposes an application of DEA methodology for measurement of technical and allocative efficiency of university research activity. The analysis is based on bibliometric data from the Italian university system for the five-year period 2004-2008. Technical and allocative efficiency is measured with input being considered as a university’s research staff, classified according to academic rank, and with output considered as the field-standardized impact of the research product realized by these staff. The analysis is applied to all scientific disciplines of the so-called hard sciences, and conducted at subfield level, thus at a greater level of detail than ever before achieved in national-scale research assessments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA, Departments, Efficiency, Efficiency, Impact, Italy, Measurement, Methodology, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Performance, Research Productivity, Sciences, Universities, University ? Abramo, G., Cicero, T. and D’Angelo, C.A. (2011), Assessing the varying level of impact measurement accuracy as a function of the citation window length. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 659-667. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 659.pdf Abstract: With the passage of more time from the original date of publication, the measure of the impact of scientific works using subsequent citation counts becomes more accurate. However the measurement of individual and organizational research productivity should ideally refer to a period with closing date just prior to the evaluation exercise. Therefore it is necessary to compromise between accuracy and timeliness. This work attempts to provide an order of magnitude for the error in measurement that occurs with decreasing the time lapse between date of publication and citation count. The analysis is conducted by scientific discipline on the basis of publications indexed in the Thomson Reuters Italian National Citation Report. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Accuracy, Analysis, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Counts, Citation Window, Counts, Evaluation, Exercise, Impact, Italy, Measurement, Peer Review, Productivity, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Productivity, Science, Scientific Impact, Thomson Reuters, Tool ? Gagolewski, M. (2011), Bibliometric impact assessment with R and the CITAN 148 package. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 678-692. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 678.pdf Abstract: In this paper CITAN, the CITation ANalysis package for R statistical computing environment, is introduced. The main aim of the software is to support bibliometricians with a tool for preprocessing and cleaning bibliographic data retrieved from SciVerse Scopus and for calculating the most popular indices of scientific impact. To show the practical usability of the package, an exemplary assessment of authors publishing in the fields of scientometrics and webometrics is performed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Assessment, Authors, Bibliographic, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Data Analysis Software, Databases, Egghe’s G Index, Environment, h-Index, Hirsch’s h Index, Impact, Output, Publishing, Quality Control in Science, Science, Scientific Impact, Scientometrics, Sciverse Scopus, Scopus, Software, Statistical, Web, Webometrics ? Sicilia, M.A., Sanchez-Alonso, S. and Garcia-Barriocanal, E. (2011), Comparing impact factors from two different citation databases: The case of Computer Science. Journal of Informetrics, 5 (4), 698-704. Full Text: 2011\J Inf5, 698.pdf Abstract: Journal impact factors continue to play an important role in research output assessment, in spite of the criticisms and debates around them. The impact factor rankings provided in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR (TM)) database by Thompson Reuters have enjoyed a position of monopoly for many years. But this has recently changed with the availability of the Scopus (TM) database and its associated journal ranking published in the Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) Web page, as the former provides a citation database with similar inclusion criteria to those used in the JCR and the latter and openly accessible impact factor-based ranking. The availability of alternatives to the JCR impact factor listings using a different citation database raises the question of the extent to which the two rankings can be considered equally valid for research evaluation purposes. This paper reports the results of a contrast of both listings in Computer Science-related topics. It attempts to answer the validity question by comparing the impact factors of journals ranked in both listings and their relative position. The results show that impact factors for journals included in both rankings are strongly correlated, with SJR impact factors in general slightly higher, confirming previous studies related to other disciplines. Nonetheless, the consideration of tercile and quartile position of journal yields some divergences for journals appearing in both rankings that need to be accounted for in research evaluation procedures. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Assessment, Citation, Citation Database, Databases, Evaluation, Impact, Impact Factor, Impact Factors, JCR, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journal 149 Citation Reports (JCR), Journal Impact, Journal Ranking, Journals, Ranking, Rankings, Reports, Research, Research Evaluation, Research Outcome Evaluation, Research Output, Science, Scimago Journal Rank (SJR), Scopus, SJR, Topics, Validity, Web-of-Science ? Rons, N. (2012), Partition-based Field Normalization: An approach to highly specialized publication records. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 1-10. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 1.pdf Abstract: Field normalized citation rates are well-established indicators for research performance from the broadest aggregation levels such as countries, down to institutes and research teams. When applied to still more specialized publication sets at the level of individual scientists, also a more accurate delimitation is required of the reference domain that provides the expectations to which a performance is compared. This necessity for sharper accuracy challenges standard methodology based on pre-defined subject categories. This paper proposes a way to define a reference domain that is more strongly delimited than in standard methodology, by building it up out of cells of the partition created by the pre-defined subject categories and their intersections. This partition approach can be applied to different existing field normalization variants. The resulting reference domain lies between those generated by standard field normalization and journal normalization. Examples based on fictive and real publication records illustrate how the potential impact on results can exceed or be smaller than the effect of other currently debated normalization variants, depending on the case studied. The proposed Partition-based Field Normalization is expected to offer advantages in particular at the level of individual scientists and other very specific publication records, such as publication output from interdisciplinary research. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Accuracy, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Indicators, Citation, Cross-Field, Field, Field Normalization, Field Partition, Impact, Indicators, Individual Research Performance, Journal, Methodology, Normalization, Partition-Based Field Normalization, Performance, Publication, Publication Output, Research, Research Performance, Statistical Properties ? Bornmann, L., Schier, H., Marx, W. and Daniel, H.D. (2012), What factors determine citation counts of publications in chemistry besides their quality? Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 11-18. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 11.pdf Abstract: A number of bibliometric studies point out that citation counts are a function of many variables besides scientific quality. In this paper our aim is to investigate these factors that usually impact the number of citation counts, using an extensive data set from the field of chemistry. The data set contains roughly 2000 manuscripts that were submitted to the journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition (AC-IE) 150 as short communications, reviewed by external reviewers, and either published in AC-IE or, if not accepted for publication by AC-IE, published elsewhere. As the reviewers’ ratings of the importance of the manuscripts’ results are also available to us, we can examine the extent to which certain factors that previous studies demonstrated to be generally correlated with citation counts increase the impact of papers, controlling for the quality of the manuscripts (as measured by reviewers’ ratings of the importance of the findings) in the statistical analysis. As the results show, besides being associated with quality, citation counts are correlated with the citation performance of the cited references, the language of the publishing journal, the chemical subfield, and the reputation of the authors. In this study no statistically significant correlation was found between citation counts and number of authors. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Angewandte-Chemie, As, Authors, Behavior, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Chemistry, Citation, Citation Counts, Frequency, h-Index, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicators, International, Journal, Journals, Manuscripts, Papers, Performance, Publication, Publications, Publishing, Quality, Science, Scientific Quality, Scientific-Research, Single Publication H Index, Statistical ? Vanclay, J.K. (2012), Publication patterns of award-winning forest scientists and implications for the Australian ERA journal ranking. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 19-26. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 19.pdf Abstract: Publication patterns of 79 forest scientists awarded major international forestry prizes during 1990-2010 were compared with the journal classification and ranking promoted as part of the ‘Excellence in Research for Australia’ (ERA) by the Australian Research Council. The data revealed that these scientists exhibited an elite publication performance during the decade before and two decades following their first major award. An analysis of their 1703 articles in 431 journals revealed substantial differences between the journal choices of these elite scientists and the ERA classification and ranking of journals. Implications from these findings are that additional cross-classifications should be added for many journals, and there should be an adjustment to the ranking of several journals relevant to the ERA Field of Research classified as 0705 Forestry Sciences. Crown Copyright (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Bias, Bibliometric Analysis, Copyright, Differences, Eigenfactor, Era, Excellence, Excellence For Research In Australia (ERA), Field, h-Index, Impact Assessment, Impact Factor, Journal, Journal Ranking, Journals, Publication, Ranking, Research, Research Output, Researchers, Sciences, Scimago, Tool ? Liao, C.H. and Yen, H.R. (2012), Quantifying the degree of research collaboration: A comparative study of collaborative measures. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 27-33. 151 Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 27.pdf Abstract: This article reports a comparative study of five measures that quantify the degree of research collaboration, including the collaborative index, the degree of collaboration, the collaborative coefficient, the revised collaborative coefficient, and degree centrality. The empirical results showed that these measures all capture the notion of research collaboration, which is consistent with prior studies. Moreover, the results showed that degree centrality, the revised collaborative coefficient, and the degree of collaboration had the highest coefficient estimates on research productivity, the average JIF, and the average number of citations, respectively. Overall, this article suggests that the degree of collaboration and the revised collaborative coefficient are superior measures that can be applied to bibliometric studies for future researchers. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Indicators, Bibliometric Studies, Centrality, Chemistry, Citation, Citation, Citations, Collaboration, Collaborative Measures, Comparative Study, Impact, Journal Impact Factor, Journals, Networks, Patterns, Productivity, Research, Research Collaboration, Research Productivity, Researchers, Science ? Aksnes, D.W., Schneider, J.W. and Gunnarsson, M. (2012), Ranking national research systems by citation indicators. A comparative analysis using whole and fractionalised counting methods. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 36-43. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 36.pdf Abstract: This paper presents an empirical analysis of two different methodologies for calculating national citation indicators: whole counts and fractionalised counts. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect on relative citation indicators when citations to documents are fractionalised among the authoring countries. We have performed two analyses: a time series analysis of one country and a cross-sectional analysis of 23 countries. The results show that all countries’ relative citation indicators are lower when fractionalised counting is used. Further, the difference between whole and fractionalised counts is generally greatest for the countries with the highest proportion of internationally co-authored articles. In our view there are strong arguments in favour of using fractionalised counts to calculate relative citation indexes at the national level, rather than using whole counts, which is the most common practice today. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Bibliometric Methods, British Science, Citation, Citation Indexes, Citation Indicators, Citations, Collaboration, Consequences, Decline, Field, Indexes, Indicators, International Co-Authorship, Journal Impact Factor, Normalization, Practice, Publications, Ranking, Relative Indicators, Research ? Nair, G.M. and Turlach, B.A. (2012), The stochastic h-index. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 80-87. 152 Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 80.pdf Abstract: A variant of the h-index, named the stochastic h-index, is proposed. This new index is obtained by adding to the h-index the probability, under a specific stochastic model, that the h-index will increase by one or more within a given time interval. The stochastic h-index thus extends the h-index to the real line and has a direct interpretation as the distance to the next higher index value. We show how the stochastic h-index can be evaluated and compare it with other variants of the h-index which purportedly indicate the distance to a higher h-index. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, h Index, h-Index, Hirsch-Index, Interpretation, Model, Proposal, Rational h-Index, Real h-Index, Stochastic h-Index, Stochastic Model ? Zhang, L. and Glänzel, W. (2012), Proceeding papers in journals versus the “regular” journal publications. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 88-96. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 88.pdf Abstract: In the present paper we proceed from recent results by Gonzalez-Albo and Bordons (2011) obtained from studying the role and impact of proceedings literature in LIS journals. We extend the research to all fields of the sciences and social sciences and address additional research questions concerning publication frequency and citation impact as well as their differences in individual journals and subject fields. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Articles, Articles, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Impact, Differences, Frequency, Impact, Information, Institute, Journal, Journal Publications, Journals, LIS, Literature, Papers, Patterns, Proceeding Papers, Publication, Publications, Research, Sciences, Scientific Communication, Social, Social Sciences ? Roth, C., Wu, J. and Lozano, S. (2012), Assessing impact and quality from local dynamics of citation networks. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 111-120. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 111.pdf Abstract: We show that essentially local dynamics of citation networks bring special information about the relevance/quality of a paper. Up to some rescaling, they exhibit universal behavior in citation dynamics: temporal patterns are remarkably consistent across disciplines, and uncover a prediction method for citations based on the structure of references only, at publication time. Above-average cited papers universally focus extensively on their own recent subfield - as such, citation counts essentially select what may plausibly be considered as the most disciplinary and normal science; whereas papers which have a peculiar dynamics, such as re-birthing scientific works - ‘rediscovered classics’ or ‘early birds’ - are comparatively poorly cited, despite their plausible relevance for the underlying communities. The “rebirth 153 index” that we propose to quantify this phenomenon may be used as a complementary quality-defining criterion, in addition to final citation counts. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Behavior, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Counts, Citation Dynamics, Citation Networks, Citations, Classics, Distributions, Impact, Information, Normal, Papers, Performance, Publication, Qualitative Assessment, Quality, Science, Sleeping Beauties ? Radicchi, F. and Castellano, C. (2012), Testing the fairness of citation indicators for comparison across scientific domains: The case of fractional citation counts. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 121-130. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 121.pdf Abstract: Citation numbers are extensively used for assessing the quality of scientific research. The use of raw citation counts is generally misleading, especially when applied to cross-disciplinary comparisons, since the average number of citations received is strongly dependent on the scientific discipline of reference of the paper. Measuring and eliminating biases in citation patterns is crucial for a fair use of citation numbers. Several numerical indicators have been introduced with this aim, but so far a specific statistical test for estimating the fairness of these numerical indicators has not been developed. Here we present a statistical method aimed at estimating the effectiveness of numerical indicators in the suppression of citation biases. The method is simple to implement and can be easily generalized to various scenarios. As a practical example we test, in a controlled case, the fairness of fractional citation count, which has been recently proposed as a tool for cross-discipline comparison. We show that this indicator is not able to remove biases in citation patterns and performs much worse than the rescaling of citation counts with average values. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: As, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Counts, Citations, Cross-Disciplinary Comparisons, Disciplines, Distributions, Effectiveness, Index, Indicators, Journal Impact Factor, Normalization, Normalized Citation Indicators, Performance, Quality, Relative Indicators, Research, Science, Scientific Research, Scientometric Indicators, Statistical, Universality ? Yan, E., Ding, Y., Milojevic, S. and Sugimoto, C.R. (2012), Topics in dynamic research communities: An exploratory study for the field of information retrieval. Journal of Informetrics, 6 (1), 140-153. Full Text: 2012\J Inf6, 140.pdf Abstract: Research topics and research communities are not disconnected from each other: communities and topics are interwoven and co-evolving. Yet, scientometric evaluations of topics and communities have been conducted independently and synchronically, with researchers often relying on homogeneous unit of analysis, such 154 as authors, journals, institutions, or topics. Therefore, new methods are warranted that examine the dynamic relationship between topics and communities. This paper examines how research topics are mixed and matched in evolving research communities by using a hybrid approach which integrates both topic identification and community detection techniques. Using a data set on information retrieval (IR) publications, two layers of enriched information are constructed and contrasted: one is the communities detected through the topology of coauthorship network and the other is the topics of the communities detected through the topic model. We find evidence to support the assumption that IR communities and topics are interwoven and co-evolving, and topics can be used to understand the dynamics of community structures. We recommend the use of the hybrid approach to study the dynamic interactions of topics and communities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Analysis, Authors, Citation, Coauthorship, Cocitation Analysis, Collaboration, Community, Evolution, Information, Information Retrieval, Information-Retrieval, IR, Journals, Knowledge Discovery, Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Model, Network, Networks, Publications, Research, Research Topics, Researchers, Science-and-Technology, Topics 155 Title: Journal of Inorganic Materials Full Journal Title: Journal of Inorganic Materials ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Guo, X.K. and Chen, N. (2005), Effect of La introduction methods on the structure of SO42- modified Zr-pillared clay solid acid. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 20 (1), 90-98. Full Text: 2005\J Ino Mat20, 90.pdf Abstract: Four La-containing sulfated Zr-pillared clay solid acids with rectorites as matrix were prepared by utilizing different methods for La introduction and characterized by nitrogen adsorption, desorption, XRD, NH3-TPD and Py-IR techniques.The effects of different introduction methods for La on the structure and acidity of the resulting catalysts were investigated. The experimental results show that regularity for the layer structure of formed catalysts is significantly improved by either exchanging Na-rectorite with LaCl3 solution followed by pillaring with Zr pillaring agent or by utilizing La-Zr bipillaring agent. In addition, the employment of these two preparation methods leads to a more uniform pore size distribution, a larger specific surface area and an improvement in the amount and intensity of Lewis acid. Keywords: Acidity, Adsorption, Desorption, Catalysts, Clay, Distribution, Employment, Experimental, Improvement, La, Matrix, Methods, Na-Rectorite, Nitrogen, Pillared Rectorite, Preparation, Size, Size Distribution, Solid Acid Catalysts, Solution, Specific Surface, Specific Surface Area, Structure, Surface, Surface Area, XRD ? Zhu, Z.P., Huang, K.L. and Zhou, Y. (2011), Study on kinetics, thermodynamics and mechanism for carbon nanotubes adsorbing humic acid. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 26 (2), 170-174. Full Text: 2011\J Ino Mat26, 170.pdf Abstract: The dissolved organic carbon in natural water was mainly from soluble humic acid(HA) which had much harms in industrial and drinkable water. As a new 156 adsorbent, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) were used to remove HA at different pH value, different MCNTs dosages and different HA initial concentration, a series of experiments including batch adsorption, adsorption isotherm were carried. The adsorption kinetics data was fitted with pseudo-second-order rate model, their linear correlations was above 0.99, and equilibrium adsorption capacity obtained from fitting curve was 27mg/g, consistent with the experimental results (25.5mg/g). The adsorption isotherm test was carried at 25ºC-50ºC, the equilibrium adsorption capacity was 29.7mg/g by Langmuir model, which was similar to the experiment results. The free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were obtanined with Clapeyron-Clausius and Gibbs-Helmholtz equation in the adsorption isotherm, which all were negative, indicated that HA adsorbed by MCNT was an exothermic process of entropy reduction. MCNT’s outer surfaces, layer interspace, inner cavity and aggregated pores became efficient adsorption space for HA. The pi-pi interactions between HA and MCNT played an important role in the adsorption process. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Carbon, Equilibrium, Humic Acid (HA), Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Mechanism, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MCNT), pH, Sorption, Thermodynamics 157 Title: Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Marple, L.W. (1964), The sorption of lead on anion exchange resin from nitric acid-isopropyl alcohol-water mixtures. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 26 (4), 643-653. Full Text: 1960-80\J Ino Nuc Che26, 643.pdf Abstract: The formation of lead-nitrate complexes in HNO3-water-isopropyl alcohol solutions was studied by the polarographic method. Successive formation constants for the first and second complexes in 25, 80 and 90 per cent isopropyl alcohol solutions were found to be 1·0 (μ = 1·5), 14 (μ = 1·5), 154 (μ = 1·0), respectively. Using data from the polarographic study, it was possible to correlate the distribution coefficient of lead with the mole fraction alcohol using the relation log D = −δF/RT + log {β2(NO3−)2/[1 + β1(NO3−)2]};. The free energy change for the transfer of the neutral complex from the solution phase to the resin phase, −ΔF, should vary linearly with the mole fraction alcohol in solution. This was confirmed by the linear relationship of log D vs. nalcohol and log {β2(NO3−)2/[1 + β1(NO3−)2]}; vs. nalcohol. ? Vydra, F. and Marková, V. (1964), Sorption of metal complexes on silica. I. Sorption of complexes of ethylenediamine. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 26 (7), 1319-1324. Full Text: 1960-80\J Ino Nuc Che26, 1319.pdf Abstract: The sorption on silica of the complexes of Ag+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, and Co3+ with ethylenediamine was studied. Using the static method the dependence of the capacity of the silica on the pH was evaluated and the molar ratio of released acid to the concentration of sorbed complexes was determined. It was found that over a wide pH range the amount of released acid is equal to the charge of the complex. ? Huang, T.C. and Tsai, F.N. (1970), Kinetic studies on the isotopic exchange of 158 calcium ion and calcium carbonate. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 32 (1), 17-31. Full Text: 1960-80\J Ino Nuc Che32, 17.pdf Abstract: The heterogeneous exchange reaction of calcium carbonate in calcium chloride solution has been studied using 45Ca as a tracer. The results of this study indicate that the rate is controlled by the surface reaction at the solid-liquid interface. It is found that the exchange rate increases as CaCl2 concentration decreases for a fixed mole ratio of the exchange ion on the solid surface and in the solution. The activation energy is calculated to be 8.45 kcal/mole. The results show that the longer the solid is immersed in CaCO3 saturated water, the higher the rate constant is obtained. The rate constant is also affected by the condition of the calcium carbonate preparation. ? Huang, T.C., Li, K.Y. and Hoo, S.C. (1972), Mechanism of isotopic exchange reaction between calcium ion and calcium oxalate. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 34 (1), 47-55. Full Text: 1960-80\J Ino Nuc Che34, 47.pdf Abstract: The isotopic exchange reaction of calcium ion and calcium oxalate has been studied using45Ca as tracer. The results show that the exchange phenomenon is a complex one. The rate is controlled by the super-position of a faster interfacial ion exchange process and a slower particle diffusion process in the solid particle. The exchange reaction is affected by the condition of preparation of calcium oxalate. The activation energies of the exchange reaction at interface, and the particle diffusion in the solid, are calculated to be 9.27 kcal per mole and 7·70 kcal per mole, respectively. The activation entropy for the interface mass reaction is −19·8 e.u./mole. This negative value implies that there exists an entropy barrier in the present system. The results also indicate that the effect of recrystallization can be neglected. Atkinson, R.J., Posner, A.M. and Quirk, J.P. (1972), Kinetics of isotopic exchange of phosphate at the -FeOOH-aqueous solution interface. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 34 (7), 2201-2211. Full Text: J\J Ino Nuc Che34, 2201.pdf Abstract: The kinetics of heterogeneous isotopic exchange of phosphate between 32 P-labelled dilute orthophosphate solutions and Fe(III) phosphate complexes on the surfaces of goethite (-FeOOH) crystals in dilute suspension are described by the Elovich Equation. Concentration-independent rate constants are obtained at 25° for the pH range 2·6–12. The reference states for the rate constants are defined with respect to an approximation for the distribution of activation energies for exchange. Rates of exchange are first order with respect to the concentration of Fe(III) phosphate surface complexes, show little or no dependence on the concentration of phosphate in solution, and are subject to acid-base catalysis involving fractional 159 powers of H+ and OH− concentrations with a minimum rate at pH 9·0. The inert character of Fe(III) phosphate complexes is attributed to the formation of a briding ligand structure in binuclear complexes on the predominantly-exposed (100) crystal surfaces. The rate-determining step is postulated to be SN1 dissociation or SN2 bimolecular solvolysis of phosphate from Fe(III) co-ordination, in which the mechanism of catalysis is related to a hydrogen bonding stabilisation of the transition state. 160 Title: Journal of the Institution of Water and Environmental Management (J. IWEM) Full Journal Title: Journal of the Institution of Water and Environmental Management ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor Zabel, T.F. (1993), Diffuse sources of pollution by heavy metals. Journal of the Institution of Water and Environmental Management, 7 (5), 513-520. Abstract: Significant reductions in the amount of heavy metals released to the aquatic environment have been achieved by applying strict controls on point source industrial discharges. Because of these tight controls, diffuse pollution sources have increased in importance as a contribution to the total load. Diffuse inputs originate mainly from the use of chemical products. Thus control of these inputs can be achieved by refraining from or limiting the use of these products or by restricting the amount of heavy metals permitted in such products. Control of diffuse sources of heavy metals could be based on a ‘positive approval’ system, permitting only those uses which do not lead to environmental harm and which could not be replaced by less harmful alternatives. Assessing the environmental impact of the alternatives will require the introduction of a ‘cradle to grave’ approach. Keywords: Controls, Diffuse Sources, Heavy Metals, Origins, Pathways, Point Sources 161 Title: Journal of the Institute of Energy Full Journal Title: Journal of the Institute of Energy ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Inst. Energy JCR Abbreviated Title: J Inst Energy ISSN: 0144-2600 Issues/Year: 4 Journal Country/Territory: England Language: English Publisher: Inst Energy Publisher Address: 18 Devonshire St Portland Place, London, England W1N 2AU Subject Categories: Energy & Fuels: Impact Factor 0.204, / (2001) McKay, G. and Al-Duri, B. (1986), Energy recovery using flue gases from oil refinery furnaces. Journal of the Institute of Energy, March, 57-60. ? Nasserzadeh, V., Swithenbank, J. and Jones, B. (1991), 3-dimensional modeling of a municipal solid-waste incinerator. Journal of the Institute of Energy, 64 (460), 166-175. ? Nasserzadeh, V., Swithenbank, J., Lawrence, D., Garrod, N.P., Silvennoinen, A. and Jones, B. (1993), 3-dimensional mathematical-modeling of the sheffield clinical incinerator, using computational fluid-dynamics and experimental-data. Journal of the Institute of Energy, 66 (469), 169-179. Abstract: As regulations governing the disposal of clinical waste become more stringent, the use of incineration is increasing. Every year in the UK more than 0.7 Mt of hospital waste is generated; most of it is infectious, and must be incinerated. This paper reports on the performance of a newly commissioned high-temperature incinerator plant with a burning capacity of 12 t/day (4 MW); the technology used is outlined, and a brief description of the emission-monitoring programme is presented. The testing included the measurement of CO, CO2, O2 and hydrogen chloride (HCI) concentrations in the flue gases, total particulates and dioxins/furans. Scrubber liquor, filter cake and ash were also analysed for heavy metals and unburnt carbon content. A mathematical model of the finite-difference type (FLUENT) was then employed to predict the three-dimensional reacting flows (gaseous phase) within the incinerator geometry. The main objective of this modelling work was to investigate the influence of the design and operating parameters on the overall performance of the incinerator. Experimental measurements of gas composition, temperature and velocities were compared with the model predictions. Modelling results indicated trends correctly, and were invaluable for the interpretation of the incinerator performance data. As a 162 result of the test data and mathematical modelling of the whole process, suggestions for design improvements were made. Three secondary-air injection systems were investigated by means of the CFD model, in an attempt to obtain optimum combustion conditions that would minimise potential emissions of toxic pollutants and extend the mean gas residence times. The modelling work showed that the use of six high-speed secondary air jets firing towards a common centre in the secondary combustion chamber (after-burner) produced substantially longer residence times, improved the temperature profile at the exit, reduced the concentration of toxic pollutants, and raised the combustion efficiency of the plant. 163 Title: Journal of the Institute of Fuel Full Journal Title: Journal of the Institute of Fuel ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor McConnell, A.J., McKay, G. and Williams, J.D. (1976), Contingency operation of a reforming gas plant on light distillate from a high-sulphur crude. Journal of the Institute of Fuel, September, 126-130. 164 Title: Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists (J. Inst. Water Eng. Sci.) Brown, L., Bellinger, E.G. and Day, J.P. (1979), Dieldrin in a river catchment and potential methods of removal. Journal Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists, 33, 478-484. 165 Title: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research Full Journal Title: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Parsons, S. and Mitchell, P. (2002), The potential of virtual reality in social skills training for people with autistic spectrum disorders. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46, 430-443. Abstract: Background People with autism experience profound and pervasive difficulties in the social domain. Attempts to teach social behaviours tend to adopt either a behavioural or a ‘theory of mind’ (ToM) approach. The beneficial aspects and limitations of both paradigms are summarized before an examination of how virtual reality technology may offer a way to combine the strengths from both approaches. Methods This is not an exhaustive review of the literature; rather, the papers are chosen as representative of the current understanding within each broad topic. Web of Science ISI, EMBASE and PsycInfo were searched for relevant articles. Results Behavioural and ToM approaches to social skills training achieve some success in improving specific skills or understanding. However, the failure to generalize learned behaviours to novel environments, and the unwieldy nature of some behavioural methodologies, means that there is a need for a training package that is easy to administer and successful in promoting learning across contexts. Conclusions Virtual reality technology may be an ideal tool for allowing participants to practise behaviours in role-play situations, whilst also providing a safe environment for rule learning and repetition of tasks. Role-play within virtual environments could promote the mental simulation of social events, potentially allowing a greater insight into minds. Practice of behaviours, both within and across contexts, could also encourage a more flexible approach to social problem solving. Virtual environments offer a new and exciting perspective on social skills training for people with autistic spectrum disorders. Keywords: Adults, Aspergers-Syndrome, Autism, Children, Embase, Environment, 166 Environments, Executive Function, False Belief, High-Functioning Autism, ISI, Joint Attention, Learning, Literature, Mental Simulation, Methods, Mind, Papers, Practice, Rehabilitation, Review, Science, Social, Social Skills Training, Success, Teaching Theory, Theory, Theory of Mind, Training, Virtual Reality, Web of Science ? Heyvaert, M., Maes, B. and Onghena, P. (2010), A meta-analysis of intervention effects on challenging behaviour among persons with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 634-649. Abstract: Background Persons with intellectual disabilities (ID) often show challenging behaviour. We review distinct interventions that are applied to treat these challenging behaviours, and analyse intervention effects and moderating variables. Methods A literature search was conducted using the databases ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science and MEDLINE. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out, supplemented with sensitivity, subgroup, meta-regression and publication bias analyses. Results Eighty potential articles were identified, from which 30 contained sufficient data to enable statistical meta-analysis. From these 30 studies, 18 described a biological, 13 a psychotherapeutic and nine a contextual intervention, either applied alone or combined. The overall standardised mean difference was 0.671 (SD = 0.051). As shown by sensitivity analysis, this summary effect size is robust. Assessed through subgroup and meta-regression analysis, all tested moderators showed no statistically significant association with the treatment effects. After applying a funnel plot-, a fail-safe N-, and Duval’s and Tweedie’s trim and fill-analysis, we conclude that our meta-analysis does not suffer much from publication bias effects. Conclusions Several biological, psychotherapeutic and contextual interventions effectively reduce challenging behaviours among persons with ID. Keywords: Aggressive-Behavior, Analysis, Antipsychotic Medication, Bias, Challenging Behaviour, Databases, Intellectual Disability, Intervention, Interventions, Learning-Disabilities, Literature, Mental-Retardation, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Moderated Multiple-Regression, Psychiatric-Symptoms, Publication, Publication Bias, Review, Science, Self-Injurious-Behavior, Single-Subject Research, Statistical, Treatment, Web of Science, Young-Adults 167 Title: Journal of Intelligent Information Systems Full Journal Title: Journal of Intelligent Information Systems ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Losiewicz, P., Oard, D.W. and Kostoff, R.N. (2000), Textual data mining to support science and technology management. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems, 15 (2), 99-119. Abstract: This paper surveys applications of data mining techniques to large text collections, and illustrates how those techniques can be used to support the management of science and technology research. Specific issues that arise repeatedly in the conduct of research management are described, and a textual data mining architecture that extends a classic paradigm for knowledge discovery in databases is introduced. That architecture integrates information retrieval from text collections, information extraction to obtain data from individual texts, data warehousing for the extracted data, data mining to discover useful patterns in the data, and visualization of the resulting patterns. At the core of this architecture is a broad view of data mining-the process of discovering patterns in large collections of data-and that step is described in some detail. The final section of the paper illustrates how these ideas can be applied in practice, drawing upon examples from the recently completed first phase of the textual data mining program at the Office of Naval Research. The paper concludes by identifying some research directions that offer significant potential for improving the utility of textual data mining for research management applications. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Computational Linguistics, Core, Data Mining, Data Warehousing, Databases, Information Retrieval, Information-Extraction, Knowledge, Knowledge Discovery In Databases, Management, Research, Science, Science And Technology, Technology, Text Data Mining, Visualization 168 Title: Journal of Internal Medicine Full Journal Title: Journal of Internal Medicine ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0954-6820 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Seglen, P.O. (1991), Citation frequency and journal impact - valid indicators of scientific quality. Journal of Internal Medicine, 229 (2), 109-111. ? Larsson, K.S. (1995), The dissemination of false data through inadequate citation. Journal of Internal Medicine, 238 (5), 445-450. Abstract: Objectives. That occupational exposure to mercury causes reproductive failure in dental personnel has been propagated by repeated reference to a single epidemiological study in Poland, published in 1987. The present paper scrutinizes the results of this study, and monitors its subsequent citation in the literature. Method. Articles referring to the study were located in the Science Citation Index. From references in these papers and through other references, further articles were found. These papers were reviewed, and their content organized in relation to the way in which the Polish study was cited. Result. Most authors referred to the findings in the Polish study without critical evaluation of the data presented. Conclusions. Citation of irrelevant or misleading scientific data in the literature raises unfounded concerns in nonscientific circles and may lead to unwarranted regulations. It is therefore essential that editors and reviewers of scientific articles also scrutinize the literature quoted. Keywords: Abortion, Dentistry, Epidemiology, Mercury, Spina Bifida, Occupational Exposure, Reproductive Hazards, Metallic Mercury, Amalgam, Dentistry, Workplace, Fillings, Women, Vapor, Acid ? Jolobe, O.M.P. (1996), The dissemination of false data through inadequate citation. Journal of Internal Medicine, 239 (5), 461. ? Sofi, F., Valecchi, D., Bacci, D., Abbate, R., Gensini, G.F., Casini, A. and Macchi, C. (2011), Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: A meta-analysis of 169 prospective studies. Journal of Internal Medicine, 269 (1), 107-117. Abstract: Sofi F, Valecchi D, Bacci D, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A, Macchi C (Centro S. Maria agli Ulivi, Onlus IRCCS; Thrombosis Centre, University of Florence; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy) Physical activity and risk of cognitive decline: A meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Intern Med 2011; 269: 107-117. Objective. The relationship between physical activity and cognitive function is intriguing but controversial. We performed a systematic meta-analysis of all the available prospective studies that investigated the association between physical activity and risk of cognitive decline in nondemented subjects. Methods. We conducted an electronic literature search through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library and bibliographies of retrieved articles up to January 2010. Studies were included if they analysed prospectively the association between physical activity and cognitive decline in nondemented subjects. Results. After the review process, 15 prospective studies (12 cohorts) were included in the final analysis. These studies included 33 816 nondemented subjects followed for 1-12 years. A total of 3210 patients showed cognitive decline during the follow-up. The cumulative analysis for all the studies under a random-effects model showed that subjects who performed a high level of physical activity were significantly protected (-38%) against cognitive decline during the follow-up (hazard ratio (HR) 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.54-0.70; P < 0.00001). Furthermore, even analysis of low-to-moderate level exercise also showed a significant protection (-35%) against cognitive impairment (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.57-0.75; P < 0.00001). Conclusion. This is the first meta-analysis to evaluate the role of physical activity on cognitive decline amongst nondemented subjects. The present results suggest a significant and consistent protection for all levels of physical activity against the occurrence of cognitive decline. Keywords: Age, Analysis, Cochrane, Cognitive Decline, Cohort, Dementia, Dementia, Elderly Persons, Exercise, Exercise, Follow-Up, Google Scholar, Health, Impairment, Italy, Literature, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Model, Older-Adults, Physical Activity, Predictors, Prospective Studies, Ratio, Review, Risk, Science, Systematic, University, Web of Science 170 Title: Journal of International Medical Research Full Journal Title: Journal of International Medical Research ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Li, G., Hu, L.H., Liao, Z., Cui, H.C. and Li, Z.S. (2010), Scientific publications in pharmacology and pharmacy journals from Chinese authors in various parts of North Asia: A 10-year survey of the literature. Journal of International Medical Research, 38 (3), 750-759. Full Text: 2010\J Int Med Res38, 750.pdf Abstract: The amount and quality of pharmacology and pharmacy research by authors from China was investigated by comparing published articles from 136 international journals (1998 - 2007) by authors from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The number of articles, clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, case reports, impact factors, number of citations and number of articles published in top general medicine journals were compared. The total number of articles increased significantly between 1998 and 2007 (from 324 to 2536 per year). In total, there were 12 021 articles: 7576 from mainland China, 3267 from Taiwan and 1178 from Hong Kong. The accumulated impact factor of the articles from mainland China (16 688.94) was much higher than for those from Taiwan (8726.92) and Hong Kong (3161.22) but, among the three regions, Hong Kong had the highest mean impact factor and the most articles published in top general medicine journals. Keywords: Asia, China, Citations, Impact Factor, Journal Citation Reports, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Publication Research, Publications, Research, Science Citation Index 171 Title: Journal of Interprofessional Care Full Journal Title: Journal of Interprofessional Care ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Belanger, E. and Rodriguez, C. (2008), More than the sum of its parts? A qualitative research synthesis on multi-disciplinary primary care teams. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 22 (6), 587-597. Full Text: 2008\J Int Car22, 587.pdf Abstract: This qualitative research synthesis reviews interpretive scholarly papers on multi-disciplinary primary care teams. A bibliographic search was conducted in electronic databases: Medline, Embase, and the Web of Science Citation Index, and in the references of retrieved papers. The research consists of a taxonomic analysis of 19 qualitative studies about primary care teams published in peer-reviewed journals between 2001 and July 2008 in English and French. Nineteen qualitative studies were synthesized. Two major concerns emerged: (1) strategies for organizational change toward effective co-operative practice, and (2) dimensions of team interactions and work relations. The authors conclude that qualitative results suggest common strategies to improve the development of primary care teams, while identifying dimensions of team interactions that remain problematic. A fundamental aspect of team formation appears to be overlooked, i.e., the construction of a collective identity, which would involve the whole team in a shared ideal of co-operative practice. The adoption of discourse analysis is suggested as a more sophisticated qualitative methodology to explore this issue. Keywords: Citation, Health-Care, Medline, Multi-Disciplinary Team, Organizational Change, Primary Care, Qualitative Research Synthesis, Research, Science, Science Citation Index, Web of Science, Working 172 Title: Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology Full Journal Title: Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1018-9068 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Baj, Z., Majewska, E., Zeman, K., Pokoca, L., Dworniak, D., Paradowski, M. and Tchorzewski, H. (1994), The effect of chronic exposure to formaldehyde, phenol and organic chlorohydrocarbons on peripheral-blood cells and the immune-system in humans. Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 4 (4), 186-191. Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters in subjects chronically exposed to inhaled formaldehyde (F), phenol (Ph) and isomers of organic chlorohydrocarbons (Chc) released from Ksylamit(R). Twenty-two office workers had been exposed for 6 months to vapors of Ksylamit(R), used for protection of felt plates inside the office building. The concentration of Ksylamit(R) vapor was measured at the end of the 6-month period and the level of Ph and F in the air inside the building was 1.3 mg/m3 and 0.8 mg/m3, respectively. Most of the workers had ailments due to the irritant effect of inhaled Ksylamit(R), but no remarkable increase in morbidity was found during the 6 months of exposure and in a 3-year follow-up. Morphological parameters of blood and the number of natural killer (NK) cells in the group of exposed subjects were within the range observed in healthy subjects matched for age and sex. The number of T-lymphocytes and NK cell cytotoxicity were significantly decreased. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and alloantigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was diminished. Some biochemical parameters suggested liver damage, although these parameters did not correlate with the levels of Ph and methanol excreted in the urine. Eight subjects with the highest levels of Ph in the urine had decreased erythrocyte and T-helper lymphocyte numbers, and increased numbers of eosinophils and monocytes. The results obtained prove that the functions of both the immune and 173 hematopoietic systems could be affected by chronic exposure to these toxic substances. Keywords: Formaldehyde, Phenol, Environmental Exposure, Immune System ? Groneberg-Kloft, B., Dinh, Q.T., Scutaru, C., Welte, T., Fischer, A., Chung, K.F. and Quarcoo, D. (2009), Cough as a symptom and a disease entity: Scientometric analysis and density-equalizing calculations. Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 19 (4), 266-275. Full Text: 2009\J Inv All Cli Imm19, 266.pdf Abstract: Background: Cough is a prominent symptom of many allergic diseases and a major health burden but there is little information available on the current state of research in this area. Objectives: To analyze long-term developments in cough research and recent trends. Methods: We searched the Thomson Reuters Web of Science databases for cough-related items published between 1900 and 2007 and analyzed the results using scientometric methods and density-equalizing calculations. Results: We found 12 960 cough-related publications from 132 countries for the period studied. The most productive country was the United States of America (USA), followed by the United Kingdom (UK), France, Japan, Canada, and Germany. These 12 960 published items were cited 165 868 times. The average number of citations per item increased from 1976 to 1992, with peaks in 1977, 1979, 1981, 1984, 1989 and 1992. Each of these years was followed by a decrease in citation numbers. Bilateral and multilateral cooperation analysis using the radar chart technique showed a progressive increase in international co-authorship starting at the beginning of the 1990s, with a leading role by the USA and the UK. Conclusion: We detected a marked increased in cough-related research starting in the 1990s. While the majority of data originates from the US, other countries have taken a leading position in terms of research quality (number of citations per item). Keywords: Asthma, Captopril, Children, Citation, Citations, Cough, Density-Equalizing Mapping, Elite, Eosinophilic Bronchitis, France, Heart-Failure, Losartan, Publications, Quality, Randomized-Trial, Research, Science, Scientometry, Trends, UK, United Kingdom, US, Web of Science ? Skevaki, C.L., Koliaraki, V., Papadopoulos, N.G., Tsakris, A. and Pararas, M.V. (2011), Global research productivity in allergy. Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology, 21 (2), 156-158 Full Text: 2011\J Inv All Cli Imm21, 156.pdf Keywords: Allergology, Asthma, Bibliometric Analysis, Diseases, Impact Factor, Medical Journals, Productivity, Quality, Research, Worldwide Trends in Research 174 Title: Journal of Investigative Dermatology Full Journal Title: Journal of Investigative Dermatology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Mali, J.W.H., Vankooten, W.J. and Vanneer, F.C.J. (1963), Some aspects of the behavior of chromium compounds in the skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 41 (3), 111-122. Full Text: 1960-80\J Inv Der41, 111.pdf ? Norris, D.A. (1989), The 200 most cited articles from the Journal of Investigative Dermatology. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 92 (4), S142-S147. Full Text: 1989\J Inv Der92, S142.pdf Keywords: Articles, S Goldsmith, L.A. (2004), Chai - Eighteen quotations for TBF. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 122 (2), vii-viii. Full Text: 2004\J Inv Der122, vii.pdf 175 Title: Journal of Investigative Medicine Full Journal Title: Journal of Investigative Medicine ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Epstein, R.J. (2004), Journal impact factors do not equitably reflect academic staff performance in different medical subspecialties. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 52 (8), 531-536. Abstract: Background: The simplest variables to quantify on an academic curriculum vitae are the impact factors (IFs) of journals in which articles have been published. As a result, these measures are increasingly used as part of academic staff assessment. The present study tests the hypotheses that IFs exhibit patterns that are consistent between journals of different specialties and that these IFs reflect the quality of staff academic performance. Methods: The IFs of a sample of journals from each of four medical specialties-medicine, oncology, genetics, and public and occupational health-were downloaded from the Science Citation Index and compared. Overall and specialty-specific journal IF frequencies were analyzed with respect to distribution patterns, averages, and skew. Results: Approximately 91% of journal IFs fell within the 0 to 5 range, with 97% being less than 10. The overall IF distribution featured a positive skew and a mean of 2.5. Separate analysis of the journal specialty subsets revealed significant differences in IF means (genetics 3.4 > oncology 3.1 > medicine 2.0 > public health 1.6; p <.006), all of which well exceeded the respective IF medians. Journals from the general medicine category exhibited both the lowest IF median (0.7) and the most positively skewed distribution. Conclusion: The distribution of IFs exhibits degrees of skew, numeric average, and spread that differ significantly between journal specialty subsets. This suggests that factors other than random variations underlie much of the IF variation between specialty journals and reduces the plausibility of a reliable correlation between IFs and the quality of academic staff performance. It is concluded that a dominant emphasis on IFs in academic recruitment and promotion may select for long-term faculty characteristics 176 other than academic quality alone. Keywords: Academic Medicine, Bibliometrics, Faculty, Impact Factors, Industry, Journal, Journals, Medical Journals, Promotion, Public Health, Quality, Science, Science Citation Index ? Baerlocher, M.O., Newton, M., Gautam, T., Tomlinson, G. and Detsky, A.S. (2007), The meaning of author order in medical research. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 55 (4), 174-180. Full Text: 2007\J Inv Med55, 174.pdf Abstract: Background: Manuscript authorship and author placement have important implications for accountability and allocation of credit. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between an author’s place in the author list and the type of contribution reported by that author. This pattern was then used to develop a method by which author responsibility and accountability can be clarified. Methods: The published contributions of each author of original research articles with a minimum of four authors published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, the British Medical Journal, The Lancet, and the Canadian Medical Association Journal in a 3-year period after author contribution forms were required were coded into 1 of eleven contribution categories. The contributions were grouped according to first, second, middle, and last author and compared by position. Results: For most categories of contribution, the levels of participation were highest for first authors, followed by last and then second authors. Middle authors had lower levels particularly in conception, drafts of the manuscript, supervision, and being a guarantor. Conclusions: Current patterns of author order and contribution suggest a consistent theme. Based on the results, a proposal is put forth by which author accountability is clarified. In this proposal, authors are classified as either “primary,” “contributing,” or “senior or supervisory,” each with specified contributions. More than one author may be classified into each author category. Keywords: Author, Author Order, Authorship, Biomedical Research, Contribution, Disclosure, Medical Research, Publication, Research ? Simmons, H.R., Kim, S., Zins, A.M. and Amies-Oelschlager, A.E. (2011), Avoiding the impression of impropriety: Understanding common error types in publications cited by residency applicants. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 59 (1), 245. Keywords: Publications 177 Title: Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society Full Journal Title: Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1735-207X Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Khan, M.N. and Zareen, U. (2004), Adsorptive removal of non-ionic surfactants from water using granite sand. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 1 (2), 152-158. Full Text: J\J Ira Che Soc1, 152.pdf Abstract: The adsorption of Triton X-100 in aqueous solution on the granite sand has been investigated to evaluate its ability as an adsorbent. Various parameters such as agitation time, adsorbent dose, adsorbent size, initial concentration of adsorbate, pH, temperature, and effect of interference ions were studied on the laboratory scale to establish optimum conditions for the removal of TX-100 from the effluents of different industries. Isotherm data were analyzed for possible agreement with the Langmuir and Frendlich adsorption isotherm equations. The first order rate equation by Lagergren was tested on the kinetic data. The rate of adsorption was conformed a pseudo first order kinetics with good correlation coefficient. The value of activation energy of sorption (Ea) was obtained as 44.6 kJ mol-1. Results showed that granite sand exhibit reasonably good surfactant removals for nonionic types. The possible role of the adsorbent in a chromatographic column was also worked out. Keywords: Adsorption, TritonX-100, Granite Sand, Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics ? Salehi, P., Asghari, B. and Mohammadi, F. (2008), Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by Cercis siliquastrum L. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 5, S80-S86. Full Text: 2008\J Ira Che Soc5, S80.pdf Abstract: In this study the ability of Cercis siliquastrum L. leaves for the adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions were studied. The effects of different parameters such as contact time of biosorbent and sorbents, pH of metal solution, and initial metal ion concentration on the biosorption were investigated. The maximum sorption of all 178 metals were carried out in pH4. Increasing the initial metal concentration in lower values caused a steep growth in biosorption, which was not observed in higher values. In the optimum sorption condition, the affinity of the leaves to metal ions was in the order of Pb(II)>Cu(II)>Ni(II). The biosorption of the metal ions were studied by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. It was observed that the data were fitted very well to Langmuir adsorpotion isotherm model. According to the obtained correlation coefficient values, Freundlich model could predict Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption adequately but it was not suitable for Ni(II) sorption. Experimental data were exploited for kinetic evaluations related to the sorption process. According to our results, second-order kinetic provided a good description of biosorption for the tested metals with regression correlation coefficients more than 0.9998 for all the sorbate-sorbent systems. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherm Models, Aqueous Solutions, Biomass, Biosorbent, Biosorption, Biosorption, Cadmium, Cercis Siliquastrum l., Concentration, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Cu(II), Data, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Growth, Heavy Metals, Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Isotherms, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead(II), Metal, Metal Ions, Metals, Model, Models, Ni(II), Ni(II) Ions, Pb(II), pH, Recovery, Regression, Removal, Second Order, Second-Order, Solution, Solutions, Sorbents, Sorption, Sorption Process, Systems ? Hussein, M.Z., Bahar, F.A. and Yahaya, A.H. (2010), Synthesis and characterization of hippurate-layered double hydroxide nanohybrid and investigation of its release property. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 7, S42-S51. Full Text: 2010\J Ira Che Soc7, S42.pdf Abstract: The anion of hippuric acid, hippurate (A(-)), as an organic guest was intercalated into the interlayers of anionic clay, Zn/Al hydrotalcite-like or layered double hydroxides (LDH) host by direct co-precipitation method from aqueous solution for the formation of new nanohybrid compounds, Zn/Al-hippurate nanohybrids (ZAHs). Various Zn/Al molar ratios (R) = 3-5 and concentrations of HA (0.06-0.15 M) were used for the synthesis. ZAHs synthesized, using 0.15 M HA, was found to give well-ordered layered nanohybrid materials with an increase of the basal spacing to 19.6-21.0 angstrom compared to 8.8-9.0 angstrom in the LDHs. The increase in the basal spacing is due to the insertion of A(-) organic moiety into the LDH interlayers. Formation of the host-guest type of material was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTG and compositional analysis. The release of the intercalated guest was found to be tunable in a controlled manner by Zn/Al molar ratio and is governed by pseudo-second order kinetics. Thus, by varying the experimental conditions, the release property of the guest anion can be tailored as required. Keywords: Adsorption, Analysis, Anionic Clay, Aqueous Solution, Characterization, 179 Clay, Coprecipitation, Experimental, FTIR, Hippuric Acid, Host, Hydrotalcite, Hydrotalcite-Like Compounds, Intercalation, Ions, Kinetics, Layered Double Hydroxides, Nanohybrid, Nanohybrid Materials, Organic, Physicochemical Properties, Property, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Release, Solution, Synthesis, XRD ? Rao, R.A.K., Ikram, S. and Ahmad, J. (2011), Adsorption of Pb(II) on a composite material prepared from polystyrene-alumina and activated carbon: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society, 8 (4), 931-943. Full Text: 2011\J Ira Che Soc8, 931.pdf Abstract: The ability of polystyrene-alumina-activated carbon composite as a synthetic adsorbent was investigated for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The optimum solution pH for the maximum adsorption of Pb(II) was found to be 4. Kinetic data were best described by pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process followed both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms at 30°C. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Desorption studies were carried out by batch and column operations and it was found that 97% Pb(II) could be recovered by the column process using 0.1 M HCl as eluent. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Bagasse Fly-Ash, Breakthrough Volume, Carbon, Desorption, Freundlich, Heavy-Metal Ions, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead Ions, Pb(II) Ion, pH, Removal, Sorption, Surfaces, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamics, Waste-Water, Zeolite Composites 180 Title: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE Full Journal Title: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Irrig. Drainage Eng-ASCE JCR Abbreviated Title: J Irrig Drain E-ASCE ISSN: 0733-9437 Issues/Year: 6 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: ASCE-Amer Soc Civil Engineers Publisher Address: 345 E 47th St, New York, NY 10017-2398 Subject Categories: Agriculture: Engineering, Civil: Water Resources: Impact Factor ? Sabatini, D.A. and Alaustin, T. (1990), Sorption and transport of pesticides in ground-water - Critical-review. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE, 116 (1), 3-15. Full Text: 1990\J Irr Dra Eng-ASC116, 3.pdf Keywords: Pesticides, Sorption, Transport ? Tracy, J.C. (1992), Movement of nonpoint-source contaminants through heterogeneous soils. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering-ASCE, 118 (1), 88-103. Full Text: 1992\J Irr Dra Eng-ASC118, 88.pdf Abstract: Due to the widespread use of ground water as a supply of drinking water in the United States. predicting the effect that nonpoint sources of contamination have on the quality of nearby ground-water supplies is an important element in ensuring that public health standards are met. A variety of methods have been developed to simulate this phenomenon. but most assume that the soil system can be simulated as a homogeneous environment, which in many cases is not true. Thus. a probabiiistic modeling procedure is developed that simulates the average movement of contaminants from nonpoint sources of contamination toward an underlying aquifer’s water table through a heterogeneous soil environment. The proposed modeling procedure is applied to a hypothetical nonpoint-source contamination problem, and the results are compared to those of a conventional deterministic contaminant transport model. The results of this application demonstrate that the proposed procedure provides superior simulation results as compared to the deterministic model, which emphasizes the need to account for heterogeneous soil conditions 181 found in natural environments when simulating nonpoint-source contamination problems. 182 Title: Journal of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology Full Journal Title: Journal of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Christmann, P. and Taylor, G. (2001), Globalization and the environment: Determinants of firm self-regulation in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 32 (3), 439-458. Full Text: 2001\J Int Bus Stu32, 439.pdf Abstract: Critics assert that globalization is detrimental to the environment because it encourages location of polluting industries in countries with low environmental regulations. We suggest that globalization might also have positive environmental effects because global ties increase self-regulation pressures on firms in low-regulation countries. Using survey data from firms in China we find that multinational ownership, multinational customers, and exports to developed countries increase self-regulation of environmental performance. Keywords: Industry, Trade, Attitudes, Countries, Networks, Policies, Program, Green, US 183 Title: Journal of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology Full Journal Title: Journal of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Agriculture: Impact Factor Engineering, Civil: Impact Factor ? Hasebe, S. (2003), Using pseudo second order hexahedron element electromagnetic field analysis by preservation rule method. Journal of the Japan Society for Simulation Technology, 22 (4), 296-302. Abstract: The method based on the preservation rule (FPM) is simple and accurate compared with FEM. This paper discusses FPM using a pseudo second order hexahedron element. From the viewpoint of primary and adjoining points in the partial area of the element, a pseudo order element is introduced. The nature of the local matrix derived from this element is similar to the local matrix of the first order element. For numerical results of 3D-electric field analysis, it is clear that errors of FPM using this element are smaller than errors of FPM and FEM using normal second order and first order elements. 184 Title: Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Full Journal Title: Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Jpn. Soc. Food Sci. Technol.-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi JCR Abbreviated Title: J Jpn Soc Food Sci ISSN: 1341-027X Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: Japan Language: Multi-Language Publisher: Japan Soc Food Sci Technol 2-1-2 Kannondai Publisher Address: Yatabe-Machi Tsukuba-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken 305, Japan Subject Categories: Food Science & Technology: Impact Factor ? Takeyama, E., Yokokawa, N. and Tanimura, A. (1996), Changes in polysaccharide components and metal adsorption ability of soybean dietary fiber on heating. Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 43, (3), 231-237. Abstract: Soybean dietary fiber consists of many kinds of polysaccharides which have different physiological effects on human, and its physiological function may be changed by heating. In this paper, the composition of polysaccharides in cell wall and its changes by heating were described. High yield of crude polysaccharides was observed in roasted soybean, suggesting that high molecular weight compounds were produced by heating. On the other hand, as an increase of soluble hemicellulose and a decrease of insoluble hemicellulose were observed, low molecular weight compounds may be produced by heating. and also we found some differences in ion-adsorbing ability between raw and roasted soybean. Adsorption ability of aluminium ion by raw soybean soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was most remarkable. Adsorption of aluminium by pectic substance-1 and 2 (hot water extract and 0.5% ammonium oxalate extract) and hemicellulose-1 (1 N-sodium hydroxide extract) isolated from peeled soybean was observed. But pectic substance-1 and 2 isolated from soybean peel had lower adsorption ability than peeled soybean. Ail of those adsorption abilities were decreased by heating. Hemicellulose-2 (4 N-potassium hydroxide extract) and cellulose isolated from soybean had almost no adsorption ability. ? Naohara, J. and Yamashita, E. (1996), Determination of selenium in the commercially 185 bottled drinking water by ICP-MS-Determination of trace elements in environmental samples by ICP-MS. 4. Journal of the Japanese Society for Food Science and Technology-Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi, 43 (10), 1133-1137. Abstract: Concentrations of Se in the commercially bottled water were determined by ICP-MS with linear calibration. Analytical mass of Se was 77. Average concentration of Se in the bottled water samples was 0.25 ng/ml, and Se concentration in 60% of determined samples were under 0.2 ng/ml. There was no significant difference of average Se concentration among the mineral water samples (10 samples), the natural water samples (21 samples) and the natural mineral water samples (21 samples). The mineral water of No. 51 contained 3.12 ng/ml of Se (the maximum), and the natural water sample of No. 16 and the natural mineral water sample of No. 26 contained 0.03 ng/ml of Se (the minimum). The Se concentration in the commercially bottled water was under 0.01 mg/l which was the standard value of the water quality criteria of supplied water in Japan. Keywords: Plasma Mass-Spectrometry 186 Title: Journal of Jiaxing College Full Journal Title: Journal of Jiaxing College ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1671-3079 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Fan, Q.Q., Guo, W.Z. and Feng, Y.J. (2004), A quantitative analysis of the research of the library science and informatics of Zhejiang province based on CSSCI. Journal of Jiaxing College, 16 (4), 116-118. Full Text: 2004\J Jia Col16, 116.pdf Abstract: With the source data on CSSCI from 2000 to 2002 and the statistical approach, this paper makes a quantitative analysis of the research of the library science and informatics of Zhejiang province, attempting to reveal its individual and collective features. Keywords: Library Science, Informatics, Bibliometric, CSSCI 187 Title: Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) Full Journal Title: Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Guo, P., Ma, X.F., Kang, C.L., Li, J., Wang, Y. and Liu, N.Y. (2004), Studies on thermodynamics and kinetics of Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption onto dominant dead bacteria in natural water. Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition), 42 (4), 227-234. Full Text: 2004\J Jil Uni42, 227.pdf Abstract: The adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ onto dominant dead bacteria in natural water was studied. The results show that when Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tried to represent the equilibrium data of Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption onto dominant dead bacteria, equilibrium data fitted very well to both the models in the studied concentration range of Cd2+ and Pb2+. The kinetic processes of the adsorption included fast phase and slow phase. Pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models were also applied to experimental data on the basis of assuming that the external mass transfer limitations in the system can be neglgected and the adsorption is sorption controlled. The slow phase obeyed the second-order rate expression. Keywords: Dominant Bacteria, Lead(II), Cadmium(II) Kinetic Models of Second-Order Adsorption ? Guo, P., Ma, X., Kang, C., Li, J., Wang, H. and Liu, A. (2004), Studies on thermodynamics and kinetics of Pb2+ and Cd2+ adsorption onto dominant dead bacteria in natural water. Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition), 42 (4), 633-635. Full Text: 2004\J Jil Uni42, 633.pdf Abstract: The adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ onto dominant dead bacteria in natural water was studied. The results show that when Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tried to represent the equilibrium data of Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption onto 188 dominant dead bacteria, equilibrium data fitted very well to both the models in the studied concentration range of Cd2+ and Pb2+. The kinetic processes of the adsorption included fast phase and slow phase. Pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models were also applied to experi-mental data on the basis of assuming that the external mass transfer limitations in the system can be neglgected and the adsorption is sorption controlled. The slow phase obeyed the second-order rate expression. Keywords: Adsorption, Bacteria, Cadmium(II), Cd2+, Concentration, Data, Dominant Bacteria, Equilibrium, Experimental, Expression, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Isotherm, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Models, Kinetic Models of Second-Order Adsorption, Kinetics, Langmuir, Lead(II), Mass Transfer, Models, Pb2+, Pb2+ Adsorption, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second-Order, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Second Order, Second-Order, Sorption, Thermodynamics, Water 189 Title: Journal of Knowledge Management Full Journal Title: Journal of Knowledge Management ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Serenko, A., Bontis, N., Booker, L., Sadeddin, K. and Hardie, T. (2010), A scientometric analysis of knowledge management and intellectual capital academic literature (1994-2008). Journal of Knowledge Management, 14 (1), 3-23. Full Text: 2010\J Kno Man14, 3.pdf Abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this study is to conduct a scientometric analysis of the body of literature contained in 11 major knowledge management and intellectual capital (KM/IC) peer-reviewed journals. Design/methodology/approach - A total of 2,175 articles published in 11 major KM/IC peer-reviewed journals were carefully reviewed and subjected to scientometric data analysis techniques. Findings - A number of research questions pertaining to country institutional and individual productivity co-operation patterns, publication frequency, and favourite inquiry methods were proposed and answered. Based on the findings, many implications emerged that improve one’s understanding of the identity of KM/IC as a distinct scientific field. Research limitations/implications - The pool of KM/IC journals examined did not represent all available publication outlets, given that at least 20 peer-reviewed journals exist in the KM/IC field. There are also KM/IC papers published in other non-KM/IC specific journals. However, the 11 journals that were selected for the study have been evaluated by Bontis and Serenko as the top publications in the KM/IC area. Practical implications - Practitioners have played a significant role in developing the KM/IC field. However, their contributions have been decreasing. There is still very much a need for qualitative descriptions and case studies. It is critically important that practitioners consider collaborating with academics for richer research projects. Originality/value - This is the most comprehensive scientometric analysis of the KM/IC field ever conducted. Keywords: Articles, Authorship, Bibliometric Analysis, Case Studies, Data Analysis, 190 Discipline, Impact, Information-Systems Research, Intellectual Capital, Journals, Knowledge, Knowledge Management, Literature, Lotkas Law, Methods, Productivity, Productivity Rate, Publication, Publications, Research, Research Productivity, Science, Scientometric Analysis, Techniques 191 Title: Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Full Journal Title: Journal of the Korean Chemical Society ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor Park, B.B., Park, I.H., Kong, Y.K. and Choi, Q.W. (1977), Kinetics study of the reaction of bromine with phenylhydrazine in sulfuric acid media. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society, 21 (4), 227-234. Full Text: J\J Kor Che Soc21, 227.pdf Abstract: The reaction of phenylhydrazine with bromine in sulfuric acid solution has been studied kinetically. The pseudo-second-order rate constant is approximately inversely proportional to hydrogen-ion concentration when the concentration of sulfuric acid is lower than 1 M. arom the study of the effect of potassium bromide concentration on the rate constant, it is concluded that both neutral bromine and tribromide ion participate in the reaction, the rate constants in 0.01M H2SO4 being 5×105M-1.sec-1 and 0. 7×105M-1.sec-1, respectively at 20°C. The pseudo-second-order rate constant of 2.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-bromine reaction is independent of hydrogen ion concentration. From the KBr addition experiment, the rate constants for Br2 and Br3- were obtained as 1.2×105M-1.sec-1 and 2.0×104M-1.sec-1, respectively. 192 Title: Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Full Journal Title: Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: J Korean Acad Nurs ISSN: 1598-2874 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Suk, M.H., Jang, H.J., Park, J.S., Kim, H.W., Suk, Y.O., Shin, H.S., Yang, J.H., Jung, M.S. and Chung, M.S. (2008), Accuracy of references in eight nursing journals in Korea. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 38 (1), 180-185. Full Text: 2008\J Kor Aca Nur38, 180.pdf Abstract: Purpose: This study was to investigate the reference accuracy in major nursing journals in Korea. Methods: The references in articles from eight nursing journals from 2006 were compared with PubMed for authors, year, title, journal, volume, and page accuracy. Four hundred sixty-six references were reviewed. Errors were classified as major or minor and categorized by bibliographic headings (author, title, journal, year, volume and page). Results: Of the 466 references, 223 (47.9%) had citation errors. The reference error rates ranged from 28.6% to 58.7%. Most errors occurred in the author element (37.9%), followed by title (20.9%), journal (19.0%), page (13.9%), volume (5.9%), and year (2.4%). Conclusion: This study identified a considerable error rate in the references of nursing journals. Inaccuracy of references is a reflection on scholarly work of authors and journals. Authors and Editorial committees are responsible for the accuracy of references. Keywords: Accuracy, Accuracy of References, Citation, Citation Errors, Error, Error Rate, Errors, Journal, Journals, Korea, Minor, Nursing, Nursing Journals, Pubmed, Rates, Reference, References, Reflection, Volume, Work ? Jeong, I.S., Gu, M.O., Kim, K.S., Lee, K.J. and Yang, S. (2010), Educational needs assessment on research ethics among nursing researchers. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 40 (4), 515-523. Full Text: 2010\J Kor Aca Nur40, 515.pdf Abstract: Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the educational needs of research ethics among nursing researchers. Methods: Convenience sample of 161 nursing 193 professors and 262 master or doctoral nursing students participated in the study. Data was collected with self-reported questionnaire from June to August 2009, and analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS WIN (version 14.0). Results: Among 161 nursing professors, about 31.7% has educated nursing ethics in the postgraduate course. The most common course was nursing research or methodology (62.7%), and median education time was 2 hr. Areas that showed difficulty in understanding was the conflict of interest and plagiarism for professors and falsification and fabrication for graduate students. Average knowledge on the research ethics was 75.4 points for professors and 61.6 points for students based on the 100 points. Conclusion: Educational needs of research ethics among nursing professors and students in the postgraduate course was high. We recommend both basic and advanced research ethics educational programs for the nursing researchers. The basic course should be at least 6 hr and include various cases and something to discuss. Keywords: Conflict of Interest, Education, Ethics, Methodology, Needs Assessment, Nursing, Plagiarism, Questionnaire, Research, Researchers, Science, Statistics, Students ? Lee, S.K., Jeong, S., Kim, H.G. and Yom, Y.H. (2011), A social network analysis of research topics in Korean nursing science. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 41 (5), 623-632. Full Text: 2011\J Kor Aca Nur41, 623.pdf Abstract: Purpose: This study was done to explore the knowledge structure of Korean Nursing Science. Methods: The main variables were key words from the research papers that were presented in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing and journals of the seven branches of the Korean Academy of Nursing. English titles and abstracts of the papers (n=5,936) published from 1995 through 2009 were included. Noun phrases were extracted from the corpora using an in-house program (BIKE Text Analyzer), and their co-occurrence networks were generated via a cosine similarity measure, and then the networks were analyzed and visualized using Pajek, a Social Network Analysis program. Results: With the hub and authority measures, the most important research topics in Korean Nursing Science were identified. Newly emerging topics by three-year period units were observed as research trends. Conclusion: This study provides a systematic overview on the knowledge structure of Korean Nursing Science. The Social Network Analysis for this study will be useful for identifying the knowledge structure in Nursing Science. Keywords: Bibliometrics, English, Journal, Journals, Knowledge, Methods, Network, Nursing, Overview, Papers, Research, Research Papers, Research Topics, Research Trends, Science, Social Network Analysis, Structure, Systematic, Topics, Trends 194 Title: Journal of the Korean Medical Association Full Journal Title: Journal of the Korean Medical Association ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Yang, H.J. and Kim, D.G. (2010), Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE) and the current status of KoreaMed and KoreaMed Synapse. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 53 (8), 653-658. Abstract: The Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE) was founded in 1996. Among the 51 journals which participated in the founding of KAMJE, only 5 were listed in PubMed at the time, and none in Science Citation Index (SCI). In order to improve the quality of Korean medical journals, KAMJE established regular and systematic evaluation of medical journals, and has held academies for journal editors and education programs for manuscript editors. KAMJE has also focused on the database of Korean medical journals. KoreaMed, which provides access to articles published in Korean medical journals; KoMCl, which analyzes and provides citation data; and KoreaMed synapse, a digital archive and reference-linking platform. All of those are products of the efforts of KAMJE. By publishing “Good Publication Practice Guidelines for Medical Journals”, KAMJE also has been focused on research and publication ethics. KAMJE has played an active part in establishing the Asia Pacific Association of Medical Journal Editors (APAME) and West Pacific Regional Index Medicus (WPRIM). Today, KAMJE, now composed of 188 journals covering medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, and nutrition, has 14 and 23 journals listed in PubMed and SCI, respectively. These achievements of KAMJE, attributable to the unrelenting efforts of Korean medical journal editors and editors, may be helpful in further improving the status of Korean medical journals. Keywords: KOMCL, KOREAMED, KOREAMED Synapse, Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors (KAMJE), SCI ? Huh, S. (2010), Plagiarism. Journal of the Korean Medical Association, 53 (12), 1128-1129. 195 Abstract: Plagiarism, the use of text and ideas from published works without proper permission or citation, is difficult to detect since the whole text should be searched and compared to literature databases. Nevertheless, this process has become simpler with the advent of web-based technologies and more powerful search tools. Recently, a case of plagiarism was detected in an invited manuscript submitted to the Journal of the Korean Medical Association. In the withdrawn manuscript, there were figures and figure legends copied from other papers with neither permission nor citation. Only the citation is enough to use content, figures, or tables from other papers when the original journal is open access with Creative Commons License. Otherwise, to use such data, it is essential to obtain permission from that paper’s journal publisher. If plagiarism is detected after publication, the author will face harsh disciplinary action before the office of research integrity in his or her institute. Also, the paper may be retracted by the editor. This is the first time that Editorial Board has detected plagiarism before publication. Screening for plagiarism and other ethical violations will continue so that we can pursue the status of the representative journal of Korean physicians and develop a positive reputation for Korean science internationally by maintaining the utmost quality and integrity in our publications. Keywords: Citation, Databases, Duplicate Publication, Journal, Literature, Open Access, Papers, Permission, Plagiarism, Publication, Publication Ethics, Publications, Research 196 Title: Journal of Korean Medical Science Full Journal Title: Journal of Korean Medical Science ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Korean Med. Sci. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Korean Med Sci ISSN: 1011-8934 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Kim, D.H., Lee, S.K., Chun, B.Y., Lee, D.H., Hong, S.C. and Jang, B.K. (1994), Illness associated with contamination of drinking water supplies with phenol. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 9 (3), 218-223. Full Text: 1994\J Kor Med Sci9, 218.pdf Abstract: An accidental spill of phenol (100%) into the Nakdong river with subsequent contamination of the tap water for about two million consumers in Teagu city of Korea occurred in March 1991. A historical cohort study of 6, 913 individuals was undertaken to determine association with illness. Population subjects were divided into two groups of exposed and unexposed. Exposed subjects were reported to have significantly more phenol associated symptoms than those in a nearby unexposed area (39.6% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.01). Especially, in the related symptoms, highly significant differences were noted in the number of subjects reporting gastrointestinal illness such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain. During the accident, study subjects who experienced peculiar taste or odor in the tap water were significantly more in the exposed areas (92% vs. 34.3%). ? Lee, C.S. (1999), Productivity of SCI Korean medical papers: 1996-1997. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 14 (4), 351-358. Full Text: 1999\J Kor Med Sci14, 351.pdf Abstract: In order to investigate the extent and growth of SCI publication activity of Korean medicine, DIALOG’s SCISearch database was searched and the number of SCI Korean medical papers in each medical specialty was measured by publication year and by document type for 1996 and 1997. The percentage contribution of Korean medical papers to SCI database and the SCI publication productivity ratio were analyzed for each of 57 medical specialties. The data obtained in this study was compared with the data representing the 1980s and the data for the first half of the 197 1990s. The absolute productivity of SCI Korean medical papers as measured by the number of SCI Korean papers has increased about ten times from 306 papers in 1990 to 3, 261 papers in 1997. More than 15% of SCI Korean publication output has resulted from six Korean medical journals indexed in SCI from 1995. The relative productivity of SCI Korean medical papers as measured by the percentage contribution from Korea to SCI and by its corresponding productivity ratio is not as impressive as the absolute productivity and its growth rate. It has increased three times from 0.245% to 0.642% during the same period. The relative productivity of SCI Korean medical publication output is not as great as the SCI Korean publication output of all sciences combined (1.02%). Keywords: Bibliometrics, Korea, Medicine, Periodicals/Statistics & Numerical Data, Research/Statistics & Numerical Data ? Han, M.C. and Lee, C.S. (2000), Scientific publication productivity of Korean medical colleges: An analysis of 1988-1999 MEDLINE papers. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 15 (1), 3-12. Full Text: 2000\J Kor Med Sci15, 3.pdf Abstract: To identify where the quality research activity has been and is carried out in Korea, and to examine to what extents Korean medical colleges play leading roles in the production of international research papers, we investigated the publication productivity of Korean medical colleges and their medical departments as measured by the number of papers published in foreign journals indexed in MEDLINE. The 12-year period from 1988 to 1999 is covered. A total of 4, 881 papers is published in MEDLINE foreign journals by the researchers in Korean medical colleges during the period. The production of MEDLINE papers are concentrated in a few universities. More than 60% of MEDLINE foreign journal papers is published by top five universities-25% by Seoul National University, and 15% by Yonsei University. The newly established medical colleges at the University of Ulsan and Sungkyunkwan University produced outstanding numbers of papers in less than ten years. Radiology has led the internationalization of Korean medical papers. It was the most productive specialty identified in this study. The productivity of Internal medicine is on the rise from the mid-1990s, and the field began to produce the most number of papers since then. Keywords: Bibliometrics, Korea, Medicine, Periodicals/Statistics & Numerical Data, Research/Statistics & Numerical Data, Output ? Min, T.S., Han, J., Kim, S.Y., Rhee, B.D. and Kim, M.S. (2005), The medical science research and development supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 20 (3), 345-354. Full Text: 2005\J Kor Med Sci20, 345.pdf Abstract: This study examined ways of promoting research in the medical sciences by 198 evaluating trends in research funding, and the present status of research funding by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). This study analyzed statistics from KOSEF from 1978 to 2003 to examine support for research. In medical science field, group-based programs receive more funding than do individual-based programs. The proportion of research funds allocated to the medical sciences has increased markedly each year. Researchers in the medical sciences have submitted more articles to Science Citation Index (SCI) journals than to non-SCI journals, relative to other fields. Researchers supported by the Mission-Oriented Basic Grants program have published the majority of these papers, followed by those supported by the Programs for Leading Scientists, Regional Scientists, Leading Women Scientists, Young Scientists, and Promising Women Scientists, in that order. Funding by KOSEF reflects: many decades of government support for research and development, the development and maintenance of necessary infrastructure, and the education and training of medical scientists. Keywords: Research Support, Research, Biomedical Research, Research Activities, Korea 199 Title: Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine Full Journal Title: Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Lab. Clin. Med. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Lab Clin Med ISSN: 0022-2143 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: Multi-Language Publisher: Mosby-Year Book Inc Publisher Address: 11830 Westline Industrial Dr, St Louis, MO 63146-3318 Subject Categories: Medical Laboratory Technology Medicine, General & Internal Medicine, Research & Experimental: Impact Factor ? Daniel, T.M. and Young, B.A. (1990), Landmark articles and citation-classics in the Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 116 (6), 755-756. Full Text: J Lab Cli Med116, 755.pdf ? Gulson, B.L., Jameson, C.W., Mahaffey, K.R., Mizon, K.J., Korsch, M.J. and Vimpani, G. (1997), Pregnancy increases mobilization of lead from maternal skeleton. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 130 (1), 51-62. Full Text: J Lab Cli Med130, 51.pdf Abstract: The question of the extent of lead mobilization from the maternal skeleton during pregnancy and lactation is one of the most outstanding problems of lead toxicity. We have undertaken a longitudinal cohort study in an urban environment of European female immigrants of child-bearing age (18 to 35 years) to Australia whose skeletal lead isotopic composition has been determined to be different from that in their current environment. The cohort was to consist of 100 immigrants anticipated to provide 20 pregnant subjects who would be compared with two groups of control subjects: a matched immigrant nonpregnant control group and second-generation Australian pregnant control subjects. Pregnant subjects also serve as their own controls for a comparison of changes during gestation with those before conception. High-precision lead isotopic compositions and lead concentrations are measured in maternal blood and urine prenatally, monthly during gestation, and post-natally for 6 months; they are also measured in infant blood and urine for 6 months; environmental measures are sampled quarterly for 6-day duplicate diet, house dust and water, and urban air and gasoline. Because of continuing public health concerns about lead exposure; interim findings from this cohort are being reported. To date 200 there have been 13 conceptions in immigrant subjects, with 7 births, in addition to 3 conceptions in the Australian control group, with 2 births. PbBs have been generally low, with a geometric mean of 3.0 µg/dl, and have ranged from 1.9 to 20 µg/dl. Increases in PbB of similar to 20% during pregnancy have been detectable even in subjects with low blood lead levels, The skeletal contribution to blood lead level, based on isotopic measurements, has exhibited a mean increase (and standard deviation) of 31%±19% with a range from 9% to 65%. Earlier studies that used lead concentrations only have suggested that blood lead levels increased only during the second half of pregnancy. This increase in blood lead levels has also been observed in the present study. However, in two subjects the increases in total blood lead were also detected in the first 2 months of pregnancy. Changes in isotopic composition and blood lead during gestation for Australian pregnant controls were negligible. The ratio of cord/maternal blood lead levels varied from 0.54 to 1.05, and the ratio for the isotopic composition was 0.993 to 1.002. Results of this study confirm that lead is mobilized from skeletal stores at an accelerated rate during pregnancy and is transferred to the fetus. These results also show that mobilization from longterm stores (i.e., bone) contributes significantly to blood lead levels during pregnancy. Furthermore, exposure of the fetus to lead during pregnancy has implications for interpretations of neurobehavioral disorders attributed to only postnatal exposure. Even after 800 days of residence in Australia, the contribution of European skeletal lead to blood lead in nonpregnant subjects can be on the order of 50%, but the current PbB may give no indication of the former high skeletal lead burden. ? Cheng, T.O. (2002), Reference citation is important. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 140 (6), 418. Full Text: J Lab Cli Med140, 418.pdf 201 Title: Journal für Landwirtschaft (J. Landw.) Vol: V. 1 (1853) - V. 90, no. 2 (1944) Continued by: Zeitschrift fur Acker- und Pflanzenbau Suspended 1944-Jan. 1949; V. 6 V. 13 as new ser.; V. 14- as ser. 2, V. 1Full Journal Title: Journal für Landwirtschaft ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0368-2943 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Paul Parey Publisher Address: Berlin Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Notes: IIsotherm ? Boedeker, C.H.D. (1859), Ueber das Verhältnis zwischen Masse und Wirkung beim Eontact ammoniakalischer Flüssig leiten mit Ackererde und mit kohlensanre Kalk. Journal für Landwirtschaft, 7, 48-58. Full Text: -1959\J Lan7, 48.pdf ? Boedeker, C.H.D. (1859), About the relationship between mass and impact during Eontact ammoniacal liquid with lead and mold with lime kohlensanre. Journal für Landwirtschaft, 7, 48-58. (English) (Untertitel Landwirthschafltiches Centralblatt für das Königreich Hannover. Redigiert von Wilhelm Henneberg. Erschien von 1853 bis 1876 in Celle, später Göttingen) 202 Title: Journal of Laryngology and Otology Full Journal Title: Journal of Laryngology and Otology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Laryngol. Otol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Laryngol Otol ISSN: 0022-2151 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: England Language: English Publisher: Headley Brothers Ltd Publisher Address: Invicta Press, Ashford, Kent, England TN24 8HH Subject Categories: Otorhinolaryngology: Impact Factor 0.459, / (2001) SSCI Roy, D., Hughes, J. P., Jones, A.S. and Fenton, J.E. (2002), Citation analysis of otorhinolaryngology journals. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 116 (5), 363-366. Full Text: 2002\J Lar Oto116, 363.pdf Abstract: Bibliometric analysis is used to assess the “impact” of scientific journals. The commonest method of evaluation is impact factor. The aim of this study was to analyse the citation data for otorhinolaryngology journals of the years 1994 to 1998. Data on the total number of citations and impact factor of journals was obtained from the CD-ROM editions 1994-98 of the Journal Citation Reports and “Web of Science” database. The adjusted impact factor and five-year impact factor has been calculated. Fifteen otorhinolaryngology journals have been identified and ranked according to the impact factor. Head and Neck has the highest adjusted impact factor. Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery has the highest five-year impact factor. There is considerable variation in the ranking of journals calculated by the five-year impact factor. Impact factors of otolaryngology journals can help to direct readers to those journals that have a track record of publishing data that are frequently cited. Although there are several limitations to the use of citation data to rank journals, the authors recommend the use of the five-year period for calculation of the impact factor for ranking of otolaryngology journals. Keywords: Citation, Citations, Evaluation, Impact Factor, Journals, Otorhinolaryngology, Publishing ? Fenton, J.E., Roy, D., Hughes, J.P. and Jones, A.S. (2002), A century of citation classics in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery journals. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 116 (7), 494-498. Full Text: 2002\J Lar Oto116, 494.pdf 203 Abstract: The Science Citation Index (SCI) was introduced primarily as a method of information retrieval but has also been used an objective measure of the quality of an article. Citation classics have been described as papers that have been cited 100 times or more. The aim of this study was to identify the articles published during the 20th century in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery journals that have achieved classic citation status and to present an analysis of this data. Using a database provided by the Institute of Scientific Information (Philadelphia, PA), an assessment was performed of all articles cited 100 or more times in one of the 28 clinical otolaryngology-head and neck journals indexed by the annual Journal Citation Reports. The data were based on citation counts using the 1900 through 1999 Science Citation Index. Institutions located in 10 different countries produced 80 noteworthy articles. The most-cited paper achieved a citation score of 406 and there were 11 articles cited on more than 200 occasions. All of the articles were published in eight journals. The earliest identified publication was in 1933 and the most recent was published in 1993. Twenty authors were involved in two articles and four authors were associated with three classic citations. This paper confirms that analysing citation classics reveals a partial insight into advances and historical developments in the specialty during the last century. Keywords: Articles, Assessment, Citation, Citation Classics, Citation Counts, Citations, Database, Endonasal Surgery, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Evoked-Responses, Impact Factors, Information Retrieval, Journal Citation Reports, Journals, Obstructive Sleep-Apnea, Otolaryngology, Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Publication, Recurring Rhinosinusitis, SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Sensorineural Hearing-Loss, Stem Auditory Nuclei, Surgery, Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty 204 Title: Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society Full Journal Title: Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society ISO Abbreviated Title: J. La. State Med. Soc. JCR Abbreviated Title: J La State Med Soc ISSN: 0024-6921 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Hyman, E.S. (1979), The drinking water-cancer-carbon filtration problem. Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society, 131 (1), 11-32. 205 Title: Journal of Legal Studies Full Journal Title: Journal of Legal Studies ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0047-2530 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Shapiro, F.R. (2000), The most-cited law reviews. Journal of Legal Studies, 29 (1), 389-396. Full Text: 2000\J Leg Stu29, 389.pdf Abstract: This study uses a database derived from the Social Sciences Citation Index to rank legal Periodicals according to their frequency of citation in scholarly literature. The 30 most-cited general law reviews are listed by total citations and also by impact factor (average citations per article). The 30 most-cited specialized legal periodicals are also listed by total citations and by impact factor. Among the general law reviews, Yale Law Journal places first by both measures, the first time that a law review other than Harvard Law Review has ranked first in a citation study. Among the specialized periodicals, Law and Human Behavior is first in total citations, reflecting the size of the psychological literature, and the Journal of Legal Studies first in impact factor. Keywords: Citation, Citations, Database, First, General, Impact, Impact Factor, Law, Legal, Literature, Periodicals, Rank, Review, Reviews, Size ? Shapiro, F.R. (2000), The most-cited legal books published since 1978. Journal of Legal Studies, 29 (1), 397-407. Full Text: 2000\J Leg Stu29, 397.pdf Abstract: This study enumerates the 50 most-cited American legal books published since 1978, based on citations in scholarly literature. The 20 most-cited practitioner-oriented treatises and student-oriented texts for the same time period are also listed. Two further tables rank the post-1978 British legal books most cited in the Social Sciences Citation Index and the post-1978 nonlegal books most cited in legal periodicals. Keywords: Citations, Legal, Literature, Periodicals, Rank ? Shapiro, F.R. (2000), The most-cited legal scholars. Journal of Legal Studies, 29 (1), 206 409-426. Full Text: 2000\J Leg Stu29, 409.pdf Abstract: This study presents lists of the 50 most-cited legal scholars of all time and the most-cited treatise and text writers. Additional highly cited scholars and the most-cited younger scholars are also enumerated. The data are analyzed for representation of law schools and for other patterns. Keywords: Highly-Cited, Law, Schools ? Ayres, I. and Vars, F.E. (2000), Determinants of citations to articles in elite law reviews. Journal of Legal Studies, 29 (1), 427-450. Full Text: 2000\J Leg Stu29, 427.pdf Abstract: This article analyzes the determinants of citations to pieces published from 1980 to 1995 in Harvard Law Review, Stanford Law Review, and The Yale Law Journal. We also rank articles by number of citations using regressions controlling for time since publication, journal, and subject area. To summarize a few of our results: citations per year peak at 4 years after publication, and an article receives half of its expected total lifetime citations after 4.6 years; appearing first in an issue is a significant advantage; international law articles receive fewer citations; jurisprudence articles are cited more often; articles by young, female, or minority authors are more heavily cited. Articles with shorter titles, fewer footnotes per page, and without equations have significantly more citations than other articles. Total citations generally increase with an article’s length, but citations per published page peak at 53 pages. ? Bhattacharya, M. and Smyth, R. (2001), The determinants of judicial prestige and influence: Some empirical evidence from the High Court of Australia. Journal of Legal Studies, 30 (1), 223-252. Full Text: 2001\J Leg Stu30, 223.pdf Abstract: This paper uses judicial citation practice to investigate the determinants of judicial influence in the High Court of Australia. First, we construct measures of influence based on the number of times a judge is cited by name in a sample of High Court decisions. The raw citation counts are adjusted to exclude self-citations, depreciation of legal capital, and variations in terms of period in office. Second, our measures of influence are regressed on a series of explanatory variables including age on appointment, appointing government, prior experience, and whether the judge served as chief justice, for each of the 35 retired judges of the High Court. They suggest that younger appointees with prior judicial experience exert more influence per year on the bench. Our results also suggest that conservative appointees exert more influence than Labor appointees and judges who have served as chief justice exert more influence than puisne judges. Keywords: Appeal, Australia, Citation, Citation Counts, English Court, Prestige, Self 207 Citations, Self-Citations, Supreme-Court 208 Title: Journal of Legal Studies in Education Full Journal Title: Journal of Legal Studies in Education ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Bast, C. and Harrell, S.W. (2004), Legal citation at a crossroads. Journal of Legal Studies in Education, 21 (2), 281-298. Full Text: J Leg Stu Edu21, 281.pdf 209 Title: Journal of Leukocyte Biology Full Journal Title: Journal of Leukocyte Biology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Oppenheim, J.J. (1996), A new prize for the journal’s most-cited articles. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 60 (3), 295. Full Text: 1996\J Leu Bio60, 295.pdf Keywords: Biology, Inflammation, Leishmania, Macrophages, Receptors 210 Title: Journal of Librarianship Full Journal Title: Journal of Librarianship ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Wellisch, H. (1972), From information science to informatics - Terminological investigation. Journal of Librarianship, 4 (3), 157-187. Full Text: J Lib4, 157.pdf Abstract: The evolution of the name Information Science (IS) is traced from the beginnings of “Library economy” up to the emergence of “Informatics”. The terminology of 39 definitions of IS is compared in order to find the common concepts of this science and its central topic of investiga tion. The comparison shows that no consensus exists among the practitioners of IS about what it is or should do. The concept “information” has also been variously defined for the purposes of IS, but no generally acceptable definition has been formulated so far. The discipline called IS has not yet attained the status of a true science, lacking an agreed-upon central topic of investigation and an unambiguous terminology (as well as other attributes of a science). The name Informatics, which is already in wide use in other countries, should possibly be adopted for the discipline that might yet evolve into a true science. ? Brookes, B.C. (1972), From information science to informatics. Journal of Librarianship, 4 (4), 272-274. Full Text: J Lib4, 272.pdf ? Gibbons, F. (1973), Correspondence from information science to informatics. Journal of Librarianship, 5 (1), 78. Full Text: J Lib5, 78.pdf ? Aiyepeku, W.O. (1974), Ground rules for study and teaching of subject literatures. Journal of Librarianship, 6 (2), 80-90. Full Text: J Lib6, 80.pdf Abstract: Published studies concerning the characteristics of subject literatures reveal 211 that there is no eommon basis for determining what constitutes the literature of a subject. Although con siderable knowledge exists on the bibliometric and documentation characteristics of many subjects, library schools continue to teach essentially basic reference sources in large groesps of subject areas. Four criteria for determining the scope of subject literatures are stiggested and a Curriculum for the Literature of Geography is proposed as example of how education for librarianship must reflect both established and controversial knowledge. 212 Title: Journal of Librarianship and Information Science Full Journal Title: Journal of Librarianship and Information Science ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0961-0006 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Crawford, J.C., Thom, L.C. and Powles, J.A. (1993), A survey of subject access to academic-library catalogs in Great-Britain. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 25 (2), 85-93. Full Text: 1993\J Lib Inf Sci25, 85.pdf Abstract: Reports results of a questionnaire survey of UK academic libraries to determine the level of use of online public access catalogues (OPACs) and the development of inhouse subject indexes. Seventy-five respondents reported having commercial systems and seven reported inhouse systems. Data includes: named systems in use and numbers of libraries using each system; percentages of bibliographic records in machine-readable format; types of materials; and record formats (UKMARC, LC MARC etc). Reports the most common access points for searching the OPACs (author, keyword), methods of generating terms to be used for subject searching, subject heading sources (LCSH, MeSH, PRECIS) and classification schemes (Dewey, UDC). Results show that all universities and polytechnics now have OPACs and only the smaller colleges do not. OPACs are moving towards comprehensive coverage of academic library stocks with the MARC record the most popular format. The three main subject access strategies involve: Library of Congress Subject Headings, inhouse strategies, and strategies not based on controlled terminology. Draws heavily on the results of an earlier survey by Fran Slack (1988) Vine, (72) (November), 8-15. Keywords: Academic Libraries, Classification, Coverage, Development, Jun, Libraries, Methods, Online Catalog, Questionnaire, Sources, Survey, System, UK, Universities ? Cronin, B. (1993), Rao, Ravichandra I.K. (ed.) Informetrics - 91: Selected papers from the Third International Conference on Bibliometrics, 9-12 August 1991, Bangalore. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 25 (4), 216. 213 Full Text: 1993\J Lib Inf Sci25, 216.pdf Keywords: Bibliometrics ? Koehler, W.C. (1999), Classifying Web sites and Web pages: the use of metrics and URL characteristics as markers. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 31 (1), 21-31. Full Text: 1999\J Lib Inf Sci31, 21.pdf Abstract: Points to the way in which computer scientists and librarians working with the World Wide Web are turning to traditional library and information science techniques, such as cataloguing and classification, to bring order to the chaos of the Web. Explores cataloguing opportunities offered by the ephemeral nature of materials on the Web and examines several of the latter’s unique characteristics. Suggests the coupling of automated filtering and measuring to the Web record cataloguing process, with particular reference to the ephemeral nature of Web documents and the ability to measure Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and Web document characteristics and migrate them to catalogue records using automated procedures. Reports results of an ongoing longitudinal study of 361 randomly selected Web pages and their Web sites, the data being collected weekly using the Flashsite 1.01 software package. Four basic approaches to ordering; information on the Web were studied: postcoordinate keyword and full-text indexes; application of both precoordinate and postcoordinate filters or identifiers to the native document by either authors or indexers; use of thesauri and other classification schemes; and bibliometric techniques employing mapping of hypertext links and other citation systems. Concludes that off-the-shelf technology exists that allows the monitoring of Web sites and Web pages to ‘measure’ Web page and Web site characteristics, to process quantified changes, and to write those changes to bibliographic records. Capturing semantic or meaningful change is more complex, but these can be approximated using existing software. Keywords: Authors, Bibliometric, Cataloguing, Chaos, Citation, Classification, Cyberspace, Indexes, Information, Information Science, Libraries, Library and Information Science, Mapping, Metrics, Science, Software, Technology, World Wide Web, World-Wide-Web Meadows, J. (2002), S.C. Bradford and documentation: A review article. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 34 (3), 171-174. Full Text: J\J Lib Inf Sci34, 171.pdf Abstract: Reviews the work carried out and the legacy left by S. C. Bradford in the field of documentation, in the context of the debate throughout the first half of the twentieth century regarding the nature of documentation and its relationship with librarianship. The emergence of the field of special librarianship is attributed both to his ideas and the publication of his seminal book Documentation in 1948, the year of 214 his death. The main themes of Bradford’s work, summarized as a series of essays in ‘Documentation’, were: the need for a UK national central library for science and technology; classification; and abstracting services. The influence of his ideas on the future of library and information science, particularly those which resulted from his work for the Library of the Science Museum, London, are discussed. Bradford’s advocacy of the UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) for the retrieval of patent information tend to be dismissed but may be shown to have led him to a study of abstracting services and the publication patterns governing disciplines. This led to his formulation of what is now known as Bradford’s law of scattering, Bradford’s main claim to fame. Discussion of Bradford’s hypothesis has proliferated greatly in the years since Documentation was published, in particular the way in which Bradford described his law in two ways: verbally; and graphically. The subsequent work that has been undertaken to rationalize Bradford’s two formulations has yielded considerable insights into the functioning of publications and the flow of information involved in disciplines. Further work has been undertaken extensively in the past 50 years to study the relationship between Bradford’s law and other statistical relationships of interest to information scientists; notably Zipf’s law. The fact that Bradford’s law continues to be used in its traditional role of analyzing periodical article scatter has meant that Documentation continues to be cited. ? Furner, J. (2003), Little book, big book: before and after Little science, big science: A review article, Part I. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 35 (2), 115-125. Full Text: 2003\J Lib Inf Sci35, 115.pdf Abstract: Since its publication in 1963, Derek Price’s Little science, big science (LSBS) has achieved ‘citation classic’ status. Examination of the genesis of LSBS and the state of the discipline of the history of science in the UK and the USA in the late 1950s demonstrates that Price’s ideas were formulated during a pivotal period in the development of socio-historical studies of science. Price’s talent for innovation and synthesis at an unsettled but highly charged time, and his appreciation of the pioneering work in science studies of the crystallographer J.D. Bernal, are reflected in the uniquely profound and wide-ranging respects in which LSBS has contributed to the development of scientometric and sociological theory. Keywords: Citation, Development, History, History of Science, Innovation, Jun, Publication, Review, Science, Scientometric, Sociology, State, Status, Synthesis, The State, Theory, Time, UK, USA, Work ? Oppenheim, C. (2008), Out with the old and in with the new: The RAE, bibliometrics and the new REF. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 40 (3), 147-149 Full Text: 2008\J Lib Inf Sci40, 147.pdf Keywords: Bibliometrics, Citation Analysis, Citation Counts, Rae, Research 215 Assessment Exercise, Research Excellence Framework ? Furner, J. (2009), Forty years of the Journal of Librarianship and Information Science: A quantitative analysis, Part I. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 41 (3), 149-172. Full Text: 2009\J Lib Inf Sci41, 149.pdf Abstract: This paper reports on the first part of a two-part quantitative analysis of volume 1-40 (1969-2008) of the Journal of Librarianship and Information Science (formerly the Journal of Librarianship). It provides an overview of the current state of LIS research journal publishing in the UK; a review of the publication and printing history of JoL/JOLIS, and of published descriptions and evaluations of its purpose and scope; and a summary of some results of the quantitative analysis, focusing on data of the kind that may be collected by directly examining the published issues of the journal itself. These results are informative in various ways about editors, document types, authors, authors’ institutions, and authors’ countries. A supplementary analysis of citations to and from the journal will be reported at a later date. Keywords: Academic Publishing, ARL Library Directors, Bibliometrics, Citations, Deans, History, Journal of Librarianship, Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, Kohl-Davis, Library and Information Science, LIS, Portrait, Professional Journals, Quantitative Analysis, Replication, Research, Science, UK 216 Title: Journal of Library History Philosophy and Comparative Librarianship Full Journal Title: Journal of Library History Philosophy and Comparative Librarianship ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Stevens, R.E. (1979), Literature and bibliometrics - Nicholas, D, Ritchie, M. Journal of Library History Philosophy and Comparative Librarianship, 14 (4), 538-539. 217 Title: Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture Full Journal Title: Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1002-1248 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Zhang, Y. (2004), Bibiometric analysis of Jujube literatures published during the period of 1994~2001. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 15 (3), 87-93. Full Text: 2004\J Lib Inf Sci Agr15, 87.pdf Asbtract: Bibliometric analysis of jujube literatures published in academic journals showed the total number of papers published was 1189, of which, the number of authored literatures was 1139. The 680 primary authors were teachers and researchers. The paper has determined 36 core authors and 10 core journals. Keywords: Jujube, Documentation, Bibliometric Analysis, Core Author, Core Journal ? Ye, L. (2005), Bibliometric analysis on documents of “Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Area” in the Chinese Journal Full Text Database (CJFD). Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 17 (1), 113-158. Full Text: 2005\J Lib Inf Sci Agr17, 113.pdf Keywords: Agriculture, Farmer and Rural Area, Bibliometric Study ? Zhang, Y. and Du, F.L. (2005), Bibliometric analysis of apricot literatures published during the period of 1994~2002. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 17 (5), 153-158. Full Text: 2005\J Lib Inf Sci Agr17, 153.pdf Abstract: Bibliometric analysis of apricot literatures published in professional journals showed the totalnumber of literatures was 1305, of which, the number of onymous literatures was 1256. The 40.79% of 856 prim ary authors were researchers. 38 core authors and 10 core journals were confirmed. Keywords: Apricot, Bibliometric Analysis, Core Author, Core Journal ? Xu, J. (2005), Bibliometric analysis and evaluation of “Agricultural Systems Science 218 and Comprehensive Study”. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 17 (7), 142-146. Full Text: 2005\J Lib Inf Sci Agr17, 142.pdf Keywords: Agricultural Systems Science and Comprehensive Study, Bibliometric Analysis, Evaluation ? Ji, Y.J. (2005), Bibliometric analysis and evaluation of the journal entitled soil and fertilizer. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 17 (10), 133-135. Full Text: 2005\J Lib Inf Sci Agr17, 133.pdf Abstract: The paper has made a bibliometric analysis of the reference and authors of 414 papers in the journal entitled Soil Science during the period of 2000-2004, which had shown the situation of research team in this field at present and revealed the general rule of documents reference on soil, fertilizer and plant nutrient studies. It has proved by bibliometric analysis that Soil and Fertilizer is a core journal of high level and important influence among agricultural science and research journals in China. Keywords: Soil and Fertilizer, Bibliometric Analysis, Evaluation ? Ma, L.P. (2006), Statistical citation analysis on master thesis of master degree in pratacultural science. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (9), 153-155. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 153.pdf Abstract: Documents quoted of master thesis of grassland science in 2004 was analyzed by comparing 65 master thesis’ reference quantity, language, literature type, year, quotation half-life and the coefficient of attenuation with 2000 and 2002. The results show there are some encouraging development tendencies, but at the same time there are also something should be improve farther and immediately. Keywords: Pratacultural Science, Thesis, Citation Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis ? He, L. (2006), Bibliometric analysis of research papers on individualized information service from 2000 to 2005. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (10), 140-142. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 140.pdf Abstract: This paper has analyzed the time distribution, periodical distribution, author distribution and subject distribution of papers on individualized information service from 2000 to 2005, and explored the development of individualized information service and its development trend. Keywords: Individualization, Information Service, Bibliometrics ? Yan, X.F. (2006), Bibliometric analysis of documents on avian influenza in China. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (10), 143-145. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 145.pdf 219 Abstract: On the basis of the occasional epidemic situation in avian influenza, through using bibliometric method, the paper has statistically analyzed research papers on “Avian Influenza” collected in CJFD and published during the period of 1995-2005, analyzed the changes of document volume during this period, and found the major authors, major journals, and changes and weak points in research content. Keywords: Avian Influenza, Bibliometric Analysis, China ? Yin, Z., Qu, W.Q. and Zhang, C.X. (2006), Citation analysis on “Agricultural History in China” during the period of 1998-2004. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (10), 149-153. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 149.pdf Abstract: The Chinese Agricultural History Association (CAHA) publishes “Agricultural History in China”. This journal is very important and excellence, in which, most Chinese agricultural historical scholars release their studies and researches. In order to see the current research situation in this field, this paper presents a bibliometric analysis of Agricultural history in China published during the period of 1998-2004. The volume, languages, year and self-citation rate are presented. The results show that 12 931 pape... Keywords: Agricultural History In China, Citation Analysis, Bibliometric Method ? Jia, Y.Y. (2006), Statistical analysis of authors and citations in “Systems Engineering Theory & Practice”. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (10), 155-159. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 155.pdf Abstract: By adopting bibliometric method, this paper quantitatively analyzed the article authors(including their distribution of disciplines, areas and types of collaboration) and the citations(such as quantities, preferred languages, genres, years of distribution of journal citations and self-citations) published in the periodical entitled “Systems Engineering Theory & Practice” during the period of 2002-2004, and revealed the document application in China’s systematic engineering and the structure of the researche... Keywords: Systems Engineering, Periodical Evaluate, Author Survey, Citations Analysis ? Fan, X.M. and Zhou, G.L. (2006), Bibliometric analysis of authors of web citations from the core periodicals in library and information science. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (11), 138-141. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 141.pdf Abstract: By using 10 core periodicals in library and information science during the period of 2002~2004 as an example, the paper has investigated and analyzed the authors of web citations in the 3 years, including author affiliation, author regional distribution, author title, education background, age and citation frequency, and 220 explored the situation in which the scholars utilize the Internet resources during the course of scholarly communication. Keywords: Web Citation, Core Periodicals, Author Analysis ? Fan, X.M. and Zhou, G.L. (2006), Statistics and analysis of citation in the journal of Nanjing Agricultural University. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (11), 146-147. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 147.pdf Abstract: By adopting bibliometric methods, the paper has made a statistical analysis of the paper in the aspects of the numbers, frequency, language types, the ratio of self-cited, years and Price index of citation in the total number of 592 papers published in the Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University during 2000-2004. It was found that the numbers of citation showed an ascending trend. The mean number of citations was 10. 10. Most of citation numbers per article were 6-10. The main citations were periodicals and ... Keywords: Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, Citation Analysis, Price Index ? Liu, Y.L. (2006), Bibliometric analysis of pine wilt disease researchers in China. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (11), 148-151. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 148.pdf Abstract: Mangrove forest special literatures collected by China Journal Full-text Database and VIP Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal Database (1989~2005) were counted, the principal authors published over 2 articles about pine wilt disease research data were determined as the researcher. This paper made the statistic analysis of pine wilt disease researcher area distribution, annual researcher number change, key author source, and author unit by the data metrology method, it reflected the pine wilt disease resea... Keywords: Pine Wilt Disease, Researcher, Bibliometric Analysis, China ? Li, L.M. and Qi, L.T (200), Bibliometric analysis of papers in the journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University (2002~2005). Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (12), 175-177. Full Text: 2006\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 175.pdf Abstract: From the angle of synthetically estimate for the technology periodical benefit, this paper is using the science discourse that announced from 2002 to 2005 in the Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University as statistics objects. Applying the method of literature metrology, it went and Stated with the quantitative analysis to the article-carried of the periodical, subject distributes, the fund thesis proportion, author distribute and the quotation etc. The result indicates that the subject of Agriculture and Forestr... Keywords: Journal, Periodical Exponent, Analysis ? Wang, Y.B. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of scientific papers of the South China 221 Normal University. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 18 (2), 181-184. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr18, 181.pdf Abstract: A statistics and an analysis for the works written by the teachers and staffs in the University are completed. Results shows that the most works are distributed in a few subjects, the statistics time is distributed in 11 years, from 1994 to 2004, the quantity rises, and the percent of coauthor is high to 73%. Some suggestions are put forward to raise the quality and quantity of the works. Keywords: South China Normal University, Scientific Papers, Statistics, Analysis ? He, Y.Q. and Yuan, Z.Y. (2007), Statistical analysis of publishing capacity and authors in Library Magazine in 2005. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (1), 34-35+151. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 34.pdf Abstract: By applying bibliometric method, the paper has analyzed per capita page, column set-up, cooperate author, author title, author distribution and author system of the 282 papers published in the Library Magazine in 2005, which has revealed the academic quality and publication characteristic, provided model for the construction and development of library and information science. Keywords: Library Magazine, Publishing Capacity, Author, Bibliometric Method ? Fu, L.H, Jiang X.C and Zeng, X.Y. (2007), Statistical analysis of research paper citations of virtual consultant service in recent years. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (1), 139-141+145. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 139.pdf Abstract: By applying bibliometric methods, this paper has given a statistical analysis of the papers on the domain of virtual consultant service in CNKI during the period from 2001 to 2004. The quantity, type and language of the citations as well as author’s self-citation and Price index are the five aspects in the statistical research. Keywords: Virtual Consultant Service, Digital Consultant Service, Online Consultant Service, Quotation, Statistical Analysis ? Lin, Z. and Liang, J. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of research papers in the subject of casuarina in china. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (1), 146-151. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 146.pdf Abstract: This paper has made statistic analysis and discussion of Casuarina research literature volume, as well as major literature sources and the periodical sorts of bibliographic sources, authors, contents, etc. based on Casuarina research literatures from 1989 to 2005 collected by Chinese Journal Full-text Database and VIP Chinese Journal Database. Keywords: Casuarina, Bibliographic Study, Bibliographic Source, Bibliometric 222 Analysis, China ? Wu, J.Q. and Liang, J. (2007), Current situation of haloxylon bunge research in china based on bibliometric analysis. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (1), 152-155. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 152.pdf Abstract: The publishing capacity, journal distribution, the authors region and the content of Haloxylon Bunge document in China were analyzed by bibliometric method. Based on the analysis, the paper has discussed the current situation and existing problem in the research of Haloxylon Bunge in China. Keywords: Haloxylon Bunge, Bibliometrics, Current Situation Of Study ? Li, Z.Y. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of information & knowledge (2006). Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (6), 140-143. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 140.pdf Abstract: This paper has applied bibliographic statistical methods to analyze the situation of papers and authors in the journal entitled Document, Information & Knowledge in 2006. Keywords: Document, Information & Knowledge, Papers Analysis, Author Analysis, Statistical Analysis Keywords: Soil and Fertilizer, Bibliometric Analysis, Evaluation ? Liang, G.Q., Deng, D.X. and Chen, Q.B. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of Psidium guajava literatures. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (3), 117-121. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 117.pdf Abstract: This paper has analyzed the status t quo of the research on our country’s Psidium guajava through the quantity of documents,document’s contents and the places where these authors are distributed, and it discloses the characteristics of research on the Psidium guajava among the tree species research in our country and predicts the Psidium guajava research tendency and the developing direction. It has provided reference basis for scientific research on Psidium guajava and information communication. Keywords: Psidium Guajava, Document, Bibliometric Analysis ? Li, Y., Yao, L.H. and Gao, H. (2007), Construction of compound digital reference services systems in university libraries——take the Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry as an example. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (4), 57-60. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 57.pdf Abstract: On the base of analyzing the advantages of resources in our university,this paper has designed the suitable digital reference service models for teaching and researching,and predicted its prospect. 223 Keywords: Academic Library, Digital Reference Services, Special Database, Bibliometric Analysis ? Men, H.Y. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of library development in 2005. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (4), 151-155. Full Text:2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 155.pdf Keywords: Library Development, Paper, Authors, Quotations, Bibliometrics Abstract: By applying the principle of bibliometrics,the paper has analyzed the situation of paper,authors and quotations in Library Development in 2005. Some improving plans are put forward. ? Sun, X.W. (2007), Bibliometric analysis of fishery science database. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (4), 154-158. Full Text:2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 154..pdf Abstract: Through bibliometric analysis of the literature in fishery science database,this paper has explored the developing level and maturity of fishery science in order to predict the developing trend and orientation. It has provider the fishery researcher workers with certain basis for scientific research and production,put forward suggestive reference for teaching and research in our university from the angle of bibliographic information science. Keywords: Fishery Sciences, Asfa Database, Bibliometrics ? Liu, Y.L. (2007), Analysis of the literatures on camellia oleifera in china. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (4), 166-170. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 166.pdf Abstract: This paper has analyzed the literatures on Camellia oleifera study and discussed by bibliometric and classification according to research domains,core journals,core authors,author’s regional distribution,author’s collaboration degree and rate,etc from 1989 to 2005 collected by Chinese Journal Full-text Database and VIP Chinese Journal Database. The result revealed the present research status and developmental trend of Camellia oleifera in China. Keywords: Camellia Oleifera, Literature Source, Bibliographic Study, Bibliometric Analysis, China ? Dong, M.Q. (2007), Bibliometric studies on professional database of food subject. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (5), 160-166. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 160.pdf Abstract: Based on the FSTA database,this paper has applied the method of bibliometric analysis to study the subject and sub subjects of food science, food biotechnology, food safety, HACCP, novel food and transgenic food and it’s safety. The result of this analysis showed the development of this academic discipline and provided reference for study and development of food science in bibliometric aspect. Keywords: Fsta, Database, Statistic Analysis, Bibliometrics 224 ? Yang, L.N. (2007), Citation analysis of modern technology of library and information service. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (6), 145-148. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 145.pdf Abstract: This paper has applied bibliometric methods to analyze the quantity, the classification, and the ages and quoted journals in the journal entitled Modern Technology of Library and Information Service during 2005 to 2006. Through the statistical analysis, the paper shows the brief account of scientific quotation in Modern Technology of Library and Information Service. Keywords: Modern Technology of Library and Information Service, Citation Analysis ? He, J.X. (2007), Quantitative and qualitative analysis of academic papers of South China Agriculture University under network environment. Journal of Library and Information Sciences in Agriculture, 19 (6), 181-184. Full Text: 2007\J Lib Inf Sci Agr19, 181.pdf Abstract: Under network environment,through analysis and comparative analysis of academic papers published during the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” periods and bibliometric studies on paper quantity and quality,this paper has evaluated the research force and academic influence force of out university,and put forward constructive suggestions of future development. Keywords: Academic Paper Bibliometric Analysis Network Environment South China Agriculture University 225 Title: Journal of Library Science in China Full Journal Title: Journal of Library Science in China ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1001-8867 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Qiu, J.P and Ma, R.M. (2006), A CSSCI-based bibliometric study of library, information and archive management. Journal of Library Science in China, 1 (??), ??-??. Full Text: Abstract: Through a bibliometric study based on CSSCI 2001-2003, we find that Library, Information and Archive Management is a small but active discipline, with little overlapping with mass communications, economics, educational and legal science. In this paper, the authors also analyze the distribution of active places, institutions, journals and authors. 9 tabs. 6 refs. Keywords: library, information and archive management. Disciplinary evaluation. CSSCI. Disciplinary status. Disciplinary overlapping. Achievement distribution. Author distribution ? Cao, N. and Zhong, Y. (2006), Differentiation of Chinese personal name headings. Journal of Library Science in China, 6 (??), ??-??. Full Text: Abstract: The authors think that Chinese characters for family names are comparatively few, family names are unevenly distributed, and characters used for given names account for a small percentage. Therefore, it is very important to differentiate different names in Chinese authority control. In this paper, the authors make a bibliometric analysis of Chinese personal names, discuss forms of modern Chinese names and ancient Chinese names, selection criteria of additions to headings, types and attributes of additions, etc... Keywords: Chinese Personal Name Heading, Add (?) Ions to Headings, Bibliometrics, Heading Group with Same Name, Authority Control ? Zhao, X. (2010), An analysis of the 5-year Impact Factor in JCR. Journal of Library 226 Science in China, 36 (187), 116-123. Full Text: 2010\J Lib Sci Chi36, 116.pdf Abstract: Based on the data of 6,015 journals collected in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) the author investigates the characteristics of 5-Year Impact Factor (IF5) with the method of statistical study. Results show that as a representative average indicator in journal evaluation, IF5 can reflect the high peak of citation of most journals; in addition, the distribution of IF5 follows Bradford’s Law. A rank correlation between IF5 and IF is found, but there are also significant differences. Their evaluation results are consistent relatively in top- and bottom-level journals, but there are differences in moderate-level journals. At last, the author presents two new indicators IFa and IFb. The former can measure the differences between IF5 and IF and the latter can integrate their evaluation information. 2 figs. 7 tabs. 12 refs. Keywords: 5-Year Impact Factor, Journal Evaluation Indicator, Citation Evaluation, Citation Analysis, Bibliometrics 227 Title: Journal of Liquid Chromatography Full Journal Title: Journal of Pineal Research ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Pineal Res. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Pineal Res ISSN: 0742-3098 Issues/Year: 8 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Munksgaard Int Publ Ltd Publisher Address: 35 Norre Sogade, Po Box 2148, DK-1016 Copenhagen, Denmark Subject Categories: Anatomy & Morphology: Impact Factor 4.040, / (2001) SSCI Endocrinology & Metabolism: Impact Factor 4.040, / (2001) SSCI Neurosciences: Impact Factor 4.040, / (2001) SSCI Physiology: Impact Factor 4.040, / (2001) SSCI ? Oscik, J., Jaroniec, M. and Malinowska, I. (1983), Thermodynamic approach to TLC with mixed mobile phase: Determination of parameters characterizing TLC systems. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 6 (1), 81-93. ? Jaroniec, M., Jaroniec, J.A. and Rozylo, J.K. (1984), Determination of solvation effects in liquid adsorption chromatography with mixed mobile phases. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 7 (7), 1289-1300. ? Jaroniec, M. and Jaroniec, J.A. (1984), Theoretical foundations of liquid adsorption chromatography with mixed eluent. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 7 (S2), 393-431. ? Morin, P., Francois, C. and Dreux, M. (1994), Capillary electrophoresis of alkali and alkaline-earth cations with imidazole or benzylamine buffers. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 17 (18), 3869-3888. Abstract: The separation of alkali; alkaline earth, and ammonium cations in several samples of water was achieved by capillary electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. A solution of imidazole (10-2, pH 4.5) was used as buffer to resolve a mixture of six cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Li+ and Mg2+) by capillary electrophoresis at 214 nm in less than 10 min. The addition of potassium cation to the running buffer has an influence on the resolution of Ca2+/Na+ and Na+/Mg2+ peaks. A linear relationship between the corrected peak area and concentration was obtained in the 1-10 ppm range for these cations using a hydrodynamic injector. This electrophoretic system permitted the separation of these inorganic cations at a 50 ppb-level concentration with an hydrodynamic injection, thus making it ossible to 228 quantitatively determine their presence in mineral waters by capillary electrophoresis. At pH 4.5, potassium and ammonium unfortunately have identical ionic mobilities causing them to omigrate in an imidazole buffer. Using an alkaline solution of benzylamine (10-2, pH 9) as arrier electrolyte, their separation can be successfully achieved with excellent resolution at 204 nm. The analyses of tap water and several mineral waters have been achieved by capillary electrophoresis. Keywords: Indirect Fluorometric Detection, Inorganic Metal-Cations, Indirect UV Detection, Zone Electrophoresis, Separation, Electrolyte, Ions, Acid ? Li, K. and Li, S.F.Y. (1994), Determination of anions in water samples by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 17 (18), 3889-3910. Abstract: The separation of anions was performed by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV detection. Optimum conditions for the separation of 12 anions, including the concentration of electroosmotic flow modifier, the concentration of the UV absorbing component and the pH etc. were obtained. This method was applied for the determination of anions in different water samples. The relative standard deviations for the analysis of anions were in the range of 1.2 to 6.9 percent. The detection limits were from 0.12 to 0.84 ppm for the 12 anions. Keywords: Quantitative-Analysis, Photometric Detection, Conductivity, Separation, Parameters, Acids ? Albazi, S.J., Gharib, T. and Cortes, J.C. (1995), Chromate as a mobile-phase for the determination of anions using cetyltrimethylammonium-coated columns and indirect photometric detection. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 18 (3), 489-503. Abstract: A suitable indirect photometry chromatographic system for the separation and detection of common inorganic and organic anions was made by dynamically coating an octadecyl-bonded silica column with cetyltrimethylammonium ions and using potassium chromate as the eluent. The effect of chromate ion concentration on the capacity factor indicates an ion-exchange mechanism. The detection limit of the anions F-, Cl-, NO2-, Br-, and NO3-, corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, were 0.29, 0.55, 0.72, 0.83 and 0.97 ppm, respectively. A linear response was observed between peak heights and injection volume of a solution with 1.19 ppm F-, 2.22 ppm Cl-, 2.88 ppm NO2-, 4.99 ppm Br-and 3.88 ppm NO3-. This can further lower the detection limit of the anions by about 9 fold when a volume of 175 µL is injected. This system has been applied to the trace analysis of NO3-in tap water. A concentration of 1.97±0.10 ppm NO3-was detected. This system was also found applicable for the separation of organic acids (formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate) and may also be used for the separation of a mixture of organic and 229 inorganic anions. Keywords: Performance Liquid-Chromatography, Ion Chromatography, Inorganic Anions, Ultraviolet Detection, Metal-Cations, Human-Serum, Separation, Eluent, Nitrite, Sulfate ? Papadoyannis, I., Samanidou, V. and Zotou, A. (1995), Highly selective simultaneous determination of 8 inorganic anions in drinking-water by single-column high-pressure anion chromatography. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 18 (7), 1383-1403. Abstract: Ion Chromatography is a well-established analytical technique for the simultaneous determination of ions. This paper focuses on the analytical determination of eight inorganic anions: fluoride, hydrogen carbonate, chloride, nitrite, bromide, nitrate, hydrogen phosphate and sulphate, using conductometric detection. The separation of the cited anions was achieved on a low capacity anion exchange column Hamilton PRP-X100 100×4.1 mm, 10 µm, with a mobile phase consisted of 2.5 mM p-hydroxybezoic acid and 2.0 mM sodium benzoate at a pH 9.0 adjusted with 1N NaOH and 8% CH3OH as organic modifier, at a flow rate 0.7 ml/min. For the quantitative determination bromide was used as internal standard at a concentration of 7.8 mg/l. A rectilinear relationship was observed up to 40 mg/l for all ions except for carbonate that was up to 30 mg/l. The detection limits (SIN = 3) were 100 µg/l for carbonate and 50 µg/l for the rest of the cited anions, when 50 µl of the samples were injected onto the analytical column. Recovery of anions in spiked samples ranged from 90.44% to 108.88% with the time of analysis being less than 10 min. The statistical evaluation of the method was examined performing intra-day (n = 8) and inter-day calibration (n = 10) and found to be satisfactory with high accuracy and precision results. The applicability of the method was demonstrated on the analysis of drinking water: tap, table and mineral. Keywords: Performance Liquid-Chromatography, Unsuppressed Ion Chromatography, Dynamically Coated Columns, Low-Conductivity Eluents, Ultraviolet Detection, Organic-Anions, Amino Column, Separation, UV ? Blanco, D., Martinez, L., Mangas, J.J., Dapena, E. and Gutierrez, D. (1995), Determination of nitrate and nitrite in tap water and vegetables by high-performance liquid-chromatography. Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 18 (12), 2445-2456. Abstract: A method is presented for the simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an anion exchange (Partisil SAX) column, a 0.030 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate/phosphoric acid buffer of pH 3.5 mobile phase and UV detector. Without using a preconcentration system the detection limits are 0.2 ng for nitrate and 1 ng for nitrite. A suitable extraction procedure has been established for its application to the analysis of tap water, lettuce and apple tree leaves. The reproducibility of the method, 230 calculated as the relative standard deviations in the optimum range, is always less than 2% for nitrates and 5% for nitrites. Keywords: Accumulation, Foodstuffs, Products 231 Title: Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies Full Journal Title: Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Liq Chromatogr R T ISSN: 1082-6076 Issues/Year: 20 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc Publisher Address: 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Subject Categories: Biochemical Research Methods: Impact Factor Chemistry, Analytical: Impact Factor ? Rosing, H., Vangijn, R., Huinink, W.W.T. and Beijnen, J.H. (1997), High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the cardioprotective agent dexrazoxane in human plasma and urine. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 20 (4), 583-601. Full Text: 1997\J Liq Chr Rel Tec20, 583.pdf Abstract: For the purpose of a pharmacokinetic study in the comparison of two intravenous pharmaceutical formulations of the cardioprotective agent dexrazoxane, we have developed an High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) assay to quantify the drug in human plasma and urine. The plasma sample pretreatment involved a protein precipitation step with acetonitrile followed by an extraction with 10% 2-methyl-2-propanol in chloroform (v/v). Urine samples were diluted in distilled water and subsequently extracted with 10% 2-methyl-2-propanol in chloroform (v/v). After evaporation of the organic solvents, the residues were dissolved and analysed on a µBondapak Phenyl column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.01 M potassium phosphate pH 4.7 and methanol (8: 2, v/v). Detection was performed at 208 nm. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL for plasma and mine respectively, using 1.0 mL sample volumes. The usefulness of the method has been demonstrated in clinical samples originating from patients treated with dexrazoxane. Dexrazoxane is not stable in plasma at ambient temperature: after 6.5 hours the initial concentration was 42.6±1.0% (n = 3) of the original concentration of 100 µg/mL. After sampling in the clinic, plasma samples should be stored immediately at-30 C. Under these conditions dexrazoxane is stable for at least 5 months. In urine the drug is stable for 24 hours when stored at 4-8 C. 232 An aliquot of the voided urine sample can be stored at-30 C for at least 4 months without drug decomposition. Keywords: Chronic Doxorubicin Cardiotoxicity, Advanced Breast-Cancer, Beagle Dogs, ICRF-187, Toxicity, ADR-529, Pharmacokinetics, Pretreatment, Quantitation, Cardioxane 233 Title: Journal of Literacy Research Full Journal Title: Journal of Literacy Research ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? McKenna, M.C. and Robinson, R.D. (1999), The impact of the Journal of Reading Behavior on reading scholarship. Journal of Literacy Research, 31 (1), 93-104. Full Text: 1999\J Lit Res31, 93.pdf Abstract: The Social Science Citation Index was used To gather data concerning the frequency with which articles published in volumes 1 to 25 of the Journal of Reading Behavior have been cited in professional journals. The nature and range of those citations were also examined. These data were used to track the impact of the journal over the first 25 years of its history and to identify the 30 most frequently cited articles. These were analyzed by content, and the top 10 were examined in greater detail. A summary and a recommendation are offered. Keywords: Awareness, Citations, Comprehension, Failure, Information, Instruction, Journal, Journals, Knowledge, Poor Readers, Recognition, Strategies, Text 234 Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science-Physics Full Journal Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science-Physics ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0022-2348 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Schott, H. (1992), Swelling kinetics of polymers. Journal of Macromolecular Science-Physics, B31 (1), 1-9. Abstract: The equilibrium swelling of semicrystalline or crosslinked polymers and of their gels upon immersion in liquids has been investigated extensively. On the other hand, few studies have dealt with the kinetics of swelling. Swelling kinetics are important for designing controlled-release devices for drugs and agricultural pesticides based on swellable polymer matrices, and for predicting the release rates of the active ingredients. Theoretical considerations, based on diffusion-controlled swelling, show that first-order kinetics does not apply, even though deviations during the initial and even middle stages of the swelling process may be relatively small. Extensive studies of swelling rate and equilibrium swelling of supported and unsupported gelatin films have been published. The rate is controlled by stress relaxation in the swelling polymer network. The rate equations of these studies, which have also been reported to apply to cellulose, are shown to represent second-order kinetics with respect to the remaining swelling capacity. An interpretation for the applicability of second-order kinetics to the swelling of semicrystalline polymers such as gelatin and cellulose is given. Keywords: Additives, Gelatin 235 Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Macromol. Sci.-Pure Appl. Chem. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Macromol Sci Pure ISSN: 1060-1325 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Marcel Dekker Inc Publisher Address: 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Subject Categories: Polymer Science: Impact Factor 0.644, 34/69 (2000) ? Satiroglu, N., Kesenci, K., Bektaş, S., Genç, Ö. and Piskin, E. (1998), Competitive adsorption of heavy-metal ions on monodisperse polystyrene microspheres carrying dithiocarbamate groups. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry, 35 (1), 91-107. Full Text: 1998\J Mac Sci Par A-Pur App Che35, 91.pdf Abstract: Competitive adsorption of heavy-metal ions, i.e., Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II), from aqueous media onto monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres carrying dithiocarbamate groups were investigated. The crosslinked PS microspheres (2 µm in diameter) were produced by dispersion polymerization, and then dithiocarbamate groups were incorporated by a two-step procedure. The adsorption rate and capacity of these sorbents for selected heavy metal ions from aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (0.05-600 ppm) and at different pH of 3.0-8.0 were investigated. Very high adsorption rates were observed at the beginning, and adsorption equilibria were then gradually achieved in about 5-90 minutes. The maximum adsorptions of metal ions onto the dithidcarbamate modified PS microsphere were 205.8 mg, 126.0 mgand 129.1 mgper gram of the sorbent microspheres for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II), respectively. When the metal ions competed (in the case of the adsorption from their mixture) the amounts of adsorption of metal ions were quite close. Desorption of metal ions were studied by using different eluent volume (20-200 ml) with 0.5 M NaCl. High desorption ratios (more than 90%) were achieved in all cases. Adsorption-desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repeated uses of this sorbent system. ? Denizli, A., Buyuktuncel, E., Said, Z., Genc, O. and Piskin, E. (1998), New 236 dye-ligand: Procion Red MX-3B carrying poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads for removal of copper ions. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry, 35 (6), 919-932. Full Text: 1998\J Mac Sci Par A-Pur App Che35, 919.pdf Abstract: Procion Red MX-3B-attached poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate [poly(EGDMA-HEMA)] microbeads were prepared for removal of Cu2+ ions from aqueous media containing different amounts of Cu2+ ions (2-50 ppm). Procion Red MX-3B-attached microbeads were characterized by FTIR, optical microscopy and elemental analysis. Dye-attached microbeads with a swelling ratio of 55% and carrying 8.95 mol Procion Red MX-3B/g polymer were used in the adsorption-desorption of Cu2+ ions. Very high adsorption rates were observed at the beginning of adsorption process and then equilibrium was achieved in about 5-10 minutes. The maximum adsorption of Cu2+ ions onto the Procion Red MX-3B-attached poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads (i.e., by chelate formation of Cu2+ ions with dye molecules) was about 4.6 mg Cu2+ ions/g polymer, which was observed at pH 7.5. Adsorption onto the plain poly(EGDMA-HEMA) microbeads (i.e., non-specific adsorption) was about 0.36 mg Cu2+ ions/g polymer under the same experimental conditions. More than 90% of the adsorbed Cu2+ ions was desorbed in 15 minutes by using 0.1 M HNO3 as an desorption agent. Keywords: Heavy-Metal Ions, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Cadmium, Zinc ? Zha, F., Lu, R.H. and Chang, Y. (2007), Preparation and adsorption property of chitosan derivative bearing -cyclodextrin and Schiff-Base. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry, 44 (4), 413-415. Full Text: 2007\J Mac Sci Par A-Pur App Che44, 413.pdf Abstract: Chitosan derivative bearing beta-cyclodextrin and Schiff-base was prepared by modification of chitosan with glutaric diketone, followed by reaction with epichlorohydrin and beta-cyclodextrin. The derivative was characterized by IR and XRD spectra. Adsorption property of the chitosan derivative was investigated. It can adsorb metallic ions and phenolic compounds simultaneously. Keywords: Adsorption, Beta-Cyclodextrin, Chitosan, Chitosan Derivative, Glutaric Diketone, Ions, IR, Modification, Preparation, Property, Schiff Base, XRD ? Laurino, J.P. (2008), Removal of lead(II) ions by poly(2-octadecyl butanedioic acid): Isothermal and kinetic studies. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry, 45A (8), 612-619. Full Text: 2008\J Mac Sci Par A-Pur App Che45, 612.pdf Abstract: Poly(2-octadecyl-butanedioic acid), prepared from polyanhydride PA-18, possesses novel heavy metal adsorption characteristics. The adsorption capacity of this water insoluble polymer for lead(II) was substantially higher than other 237 heterogeneous adsorbants and is equivalent to those obtained with homogeneous sorbants. The polymer exhibited pseudo-second-order kinetics and nearly complete adsorption of lead occurred in 15 min with initial lead(II) concentrations greater than 100 mg.L-1. Adsorptive behavior was accurately predicted by the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model. The mean free energy of adsorption of lead(II) onto poly(2-octadecyl-butanedioic acid) was determined to be 31.6 kJ.mol-1, suggesting an ion exchange component to the adsorption mechanism. Gibb’s free energy values for this process indicate that it is spontaneous. Adsorption was relatively independent of pH in the range of 3-5, due to the utilization of the sodium carboxylate form of the chelating groups, and was not influenced by high Na+ concentration and moderate concentrations(up to 200 mg.L-1) of Ca+2. Lead(II) solutions containing 2000 mg.L-1 Ca+2 did reduce the adsorption of 2000 mg.L-1 lead(II) by 28%. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Mechanism, Aqueous-Solution, Behavior, Biosorption, Capacity, Chelating Resins, Complex, Equilibrium, Heavy Metal, Heavy-Metal Ions, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Isotherm, Isotherm Model, Isothermal, Kinetic, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Lead, Mechanism, Metal, Metal Adsorption, Model, Pb2+, pH, Polymer, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Removal, Sodium, Sorption, Utilization, Waste-Water, Water ? Zalloum, H.M., Al-Qodah, Z. and Mubarak, M.S. (2009), Copper adsorption on chitosan-derived schiff bases. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry, 46A (1), 46-57. Full Text: 2009\J Mac Sci Par A-Pur App Che46, 46.pdf Abstract: The adsorption of Cu(II) ions onto the chitosan derived Schiff bases obtained from the condensation of chitosan with salicyaldehyde (polymer I), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (polymer II) and with 4-(diethylamino) salicyaldehyde (polymer III) in aqueous solutions was investigated. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, pH, and polymer mass. The amount of metal-ion uptake of the polymers was determined by using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and the highest Cu(II) ions uptake was achieved at pH 7.0 and by using sodium perchlorate as an ionic strength adjuster for polymers I, II, and III. The isothermal behavior and the kinetics of adsorption of Cu(II) ions on these polymers with respect to the initial mass of the polymer and temperature were also investigated; adsorption isothermal equilibrium data could be clearly explained by the Langmuir equation. The experimental data of the adsorption equilibrium from Cu(II) solution correlates well with the Langmuir isotherm equation. Keywords: Chitosan, Schiff Bases, Adsorption Isotherms, Copper(II) Ions, Atomic Absorbtion Spectrometry, Aqueous-Solution, Hydrogel Beads, Waste-Water, Gel 238 Beads, Kinetics, Equilibrium, Ions, Mechanisms, Removal, Carbon ? Maziad, N.A., bo-Farha, S.A. and Ismail, L.F.M. (2009), Radiation induced grafting of glycidylmethacrelate onto polypropylene films for removal of mercury from aqueous solutions. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry, 46 (8), 821-831. Full Text: 2009\J Mac Sci Par A-Pur App Che46, 821.pdf Abstract: This work illustrates the modification of polypropylene (PP) films through its grafting with glycidylmethacrelate monomer (GMA). Further chemical treatment of PP-g-GMA to convert epoxy groups into amine groups is discussed. Different factors affecting the grafting percent such as solvents, monomer concentrations, irradiation dose have been studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis confirm the grafting of PP. Morphological changes of PP, PP-g-GMA and treated PP-g-GMA are confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows changes in the crystallinity on grafting. Adsorption and kinetic studies of mercury onto the prepared PP grafted and chemically treated films in sorption of Hg+ 2 metal ions from aqueous solutions have been studied. The experimental data fit favorably to the Langmuir isotherm with a high correlation coefficient. Moreover, the pseudo first and second order kinetics is also indicated. The results suggest that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better represent the adsorption kinetics, suggesting that the adsorption process may be chemisorptions. It is more likely to predict that the adsorption behavior may involve valence forces through the sharing of electrons between Hg2+ and adsorbent. On the basis of these investigations, the applicability of the prepared membranes is discussed. Also the confirmation of metal ions adsorbed was confirmed using EDS spectrometric techniques. Keywords: Acrylic-Acid, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Kinetics, Analysis, Aqueous Solutions, Behavior, Calcined Alunite, Changes, Chemical, Chitosan, Copolymerization, Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Crystallinity, Data, EDS, Electron Microscopy, Equilibrium, Experimental, First, FTIR, Glycidylmethacrylate, Grafted, Grafting, Investigations, Ions, Irradiation, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetic Studies, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Mercury, Metal, Metal Ions, Model, Modification, Orange Peel, Pattern, Polypropylene, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Radiation Grafting, Reactive Dyes, Removal, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Second Order, Second Order Kinetics, Second-Order, SEM, Solutions, Sorption, Techniques, TGA, Treatment, Waste-Water, Work, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD ? Osman, B., Kara, A. and Besirli, N. (2011), Immobilization of Glucoamylase onto lewis metal ion chelated magnetic affinity sorbent: Kinetic, isotherm and 239 thermodynamic studies. Journal of Macromolecular Science Part A-Pure and Applied Chemistry, 48 (5), 387-399. Full Text: 2011\J Haz Mat188, 387.pdf Abstract: In this study, magnetic metal-chelate beads, m-poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-vinyl imidazole) [m-poly(EGDMA-VIM)] with an average diameter 150-200 m was synthesized by copolymerizing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with vinyl imidazole (VIM). The spesific surface area of the m-poly(EGDMA-VIM) beads was found 63.1 m2/g. Cu2+ ions were chelated on the m-poly(EGDMA-VIM) beads and used in immobilization of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase in a batch system. The maximum glucoamylase adsorption capacity of the m-poly(EGDMA-VIM)-Cu2+ beads was observed as 120 mg/g at pH 6.5. The optimum pH for free and m-poly(EGDMA-VIM)-Cu2+ immobilized glucoamylase were found 4.0 and 4.5, respectively. The optimum temperature of glucoamylase was not changed after immobilization and determined as 60oC for free and immobilized enzyme preparations. The glucoamylase adsorption capacity and adsorbed enzyme activity slightly decreased after 10 batch successive reactions, demonstrating the usefulness of the enzyme-loaded beads in biocatalytic applications. Storage stability was found to increase with immobilization. The effect of various experimental parameters such as pH, glucoamylase concentration, contact time and temperature in aqueous solution were also investigated. Adsorption isotherm obtained for m-poly(EGDMA-VIM)-Cu2+ was consistent with Langmuir model. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process agreed with both the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the modified Ritchie’s-second-order kinetic model. Various thermodynamic parameters, free energy (G0), enthalpy (H0) and entropy (S0), were also calculated and the results showed that the adsorption process strongly depended on temperature of medium. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Adsorption Isotherms, Adsorption Kinetics, Aqueous Solution, Beads, Catalase Adsorption, Chromatography, Cytochrome-C, Enzyme-Activity, Glucoamylase, Human Serum, IMAC, Immobilization, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Magnetic, Magnetic Support, pH, pH Value, Removal, Reversible Use, Salt Concentration, Sorbent, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters 240 Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science-Polymer Reviews Full Journal Title: Journal of Macromolecular Science-Polymer Reviews ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1532-1797 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Wu, S.N., Li, H. and Chen, J.P. (2004), Modeling investigation of volume variation kinetics of fast response hydrogels. Journal of Macromolecular Science-Polymer Reviews, 44 (2), 113-130. Full Text: 2004\J Mac Sci-Pol Rev44, 113.pdf Abstract: Fast response hydrogels have attracted great attention recently. Three kinds of models with different complexity are available in the literature to investigate their volume variation kinetics. A phenomenal model based on second-order reaction kinetics provides a simple method to correlate the experimental kinetic data. A power law model can be employed to evaluate different volume variation mechanisms according to the diffusion exponential coefficient. The multi-field model incorporates mechanical deformation with the diffusion of ion species. The volume variation rate is dependent on both hydrogel molecular design and operation conditions. Keywords: Hydrogels, Volume Variation Kinetics, Swelling Rates, Modeling and Simulation, Sensitive Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel, Polymer Network Hydrogel, Water Sorption Dynamics, Contact-Lens Hydrogels, Swelling Kinetics, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, N-Isopropylacrylamide, Thermoreversible Hydrogels, Poly(Ethylene Glycol), Copolymer Hydrogels 241 Title: Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy Full Journal Title: Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Frogel, M.P., Stewart, D.L., Hoopes, M., Fernandes, A.W. and Mahadevia, P.J. (2010), A systematic review of compliance with palivizumab administration for RSV immunoprophylaxis. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy, 16 (1), 46-58. Abstract: BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants and young children, accounting for approximately 75,000-125,000 hospitalizations per year. It is estimated that in 2000, RSV infection accounted for 1.7 million office visits, 402,000 emergency room visits, and 236,000 hospital outpatient visits per year for children younger than 5 years of age. Palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against RSV, is the only immunoprophylaxis therapy approved by the FDA for prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in infants (up to 2 years of age) who meet 1 or more of the following criteria for high risk: (a) gestational age up to 35 weeks; (b) diagnosis of chronic lung disease (CLD, formerly bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]); or (c) diagnosis of cyanotic or complex congenital heart disease. The RSV season typically occurs between November and March but may vary by region. During the period of our review, depending on local duration of the RSV season, infants usually required 5 monthly (every 28-30 days) intramuscular injections of palivizumab. Infants born in the middle of the season received their palivizumab doses from the time of birth to the end of the season and, therefore, may have required less than 5 doses. It is unclear if compliance with monthly doses is a problem and whether noncompliance increases the risk of RSV hospitalizations in routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: To (a) identify and describe compliance rates and the factors that influence parental compliance with immunoprophylaxis regimens, (b) review intervention programs and describe those that have been associated with increased compliance, and (c) summarize the association of 242 compliance with RSV hospitalization rates. METHODS: An electronic literature search was conducted using journal databases, including Ovid, Current Contents, EMBASE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations; Ovid MEDLINE, PUBMED, and Web of Science; and an abstract database, Medical Intelligence Solution, for citations through April 2008. Specific search terms used were palivizumab with patient compliance, patient adherence, or patient persistence. RESULTS: Twenty-five articles and abstracts met the inclusion criteria. Available studies were mostly retrospective or observational prospective. Compliance, defined in various ways across the studies, varied between 25% and 100%, and 12 studies identified some of the factors related to noncompliance. Compliance generally was lower among Medicaid patients, African American patients, and other minorities. Ten studies (3 manuscripts and 7 abstracts) investigated the association of administration of prophylaxis through monthly home visits by a health professional with parental compliance with therapy. Most of the home-based programs were associated with higher compliance rates compared with clinic or office programs. Rates as high as 94% and 64% were achieved when Medicaid infants and infants of minority descent, respectively, received their doses through a home health program. When these infants received their doses at a clinic or office, depending on the definition of compliance, rates were 61%-100% for Medicaid infants and 44% for infants of minority descent. Reminder telephone calls to parents or caregivers, comprehensive multidisciplinary programs that included extensive counseling of parents, calendars with sticker reminders, and education in the language native to parents also were associated with increased compliance, although statistical significance was reported in only 1 study. Several studies recommended educating parents on the benefits of RSV prophylaxis, alleviating transportation and language difficulties, recognizing cultural differences and biases, and clarifying misperception of RSV illness severity. Home health programs had lower rates of RSV hospitalizations than office-based programs in 3 analyses conducted in 2 studies. In 4 other abstracts, the rates of RSV hospitalization for home health programs and office-based administration did not significantly differ. In a large, 4-season, prospective outcome study, compliant infants had lower RSV hospitalization rates than those who were not compliant under one definition of compliance (doses within 35-day intervals). RSV hospitalization rates were not significantly different using another definition of compliance (receipt of anticipated doses, expected vs. observed rates). In a large survey of 10,390 infants identified from pharmacy dispensing records, RSV hospitalization rates were 1.4% in the compliant group versus 3.1% in the noncompliant group (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.4-3.5, P<0.001). Adjustment for confounding was not reported in these studies. CONCLUSION: Medicaid and minority infants were less likely to receive scheduled palivizumab doses. 243 Home-based programs for the administration of palivizumab have been investigated more than other interventions and are associated with improved compliance compared with office-based administration. Compliance with dosing, in general, was associated with lower RSV hospitalization rates. However, these strategies should be further investigated using well-designed studies. Keywords: Adherence, Administration, African American, Children, Citations, Compliance, Confounding, Congenital Heart-Disease, Databases, Diagnosis, Disease, Education, High-Risk Infants, Hospital, Hospitalization, Hospitalizations, Infants, Infection, Intervention, Interventions, Investigators Collaborative Network, Journal, Literature, Medicaid, Minorities, Outcome, Outcomes Registry, Parents, Pharmacy, Practice, Premature-Infants, Prevention, Professional, Prophylaxis, Pubmed, Reduces Hospitalization, Reminders, Respiratory-Syncytial-Virus, Review, Risk, Science, Statistical, Survey, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Tract, Web of Science 244 Title: Journal of Management Full Journal Title: Journal of Management ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0149-2063 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Podsakoff, N.P. and Bachrach, D.G. (2008), Scholarly influence in the field of management: A bibliometric analysis of the determinants of university and author impact in the management literature in the past quarter century. Journal of Management, 34 (4), 641-720. Full Text: 2008\J Man34, 641.pdf Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the universities and research scholars who have had the greatest impact on the field of management during the past quarter century and the factors that influence their impact. Using bibliometric techniques, the authors examined 30 management journals to identify the 100 most-cited universities and 150 most-cited authors from 1981 to 2004. The analysis included more than 1,600 universities and 25,000 management scholars across five individual time periods. The findings showed that (a) a relatively small proportion of universities and scholars accounted for the majority of the citations in the field; (b) total publications accounted for the majority of the variance in university citations; (c) university size, the number of PhDs awarded, research expenditures, and endowment assets had the biggest impact on university publications; and (d) total publications, years in the field, graduate school reputation, and editorial board memberships had the biggest effect on a scholar’s citations. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Techniques, Citation Analysis, Citations, Expenditures, Faculty, Field, Graduate, Impact, Informetrics, Job-Performance, Journals, Literature, Management, Metaanalysis, Model, Personality, Publications, Purpose, Recognition, Research, Research Productivity, Scholarly Impact, Science, Size, Small, Techniques, Universities, University, University Impact 245 Title: Journal of Management History Full Journal Title: Journal of Management History ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Carson, P.P., Lanier, P.A., Carson, K.D. and Birkenmeier, B.J. (1999), A historical perspective on fad adoption and abandonment. Journal of Management History, 5 (6), 320-333. Full Text: 1999\J Man His5, 320.pdf Abstract: While management is considered relatively immature compared to other social sciences, for over half the lifespan of the discipline, the field has been bombarded with “fads”. For the purposes of this manuscript, fads are defined as “managerial interventions which appear to be innovative, rational, and functional and are aimed at encouraging better organizational performance”. This definition draws on and integrates a number of theorists’ conceptualizations of fads. Notably, however, there is some point at which a fad sufficiently demonstrates its effectiveness in numerous and diverse settings to warrant an evolution from fad status to something which implies more permanence. This issue is addressed in a theoretical model which traces the process of fad adoption using historical bibliometric data. The model offers propositions concerning the precursors, moderators, and outcomes of adoption. Keywords: Management Theory, Modelling, Trends ? Spell, C.S. (1999), Where do management fashions come from, and how long do they stay? Journal of Management History, 5 (6), 334-348. Full Text: 1999\J Man His5, 334.pdf Abstract: Recent management history has seen a surge in the number of ideas that supposedly represent the cutting edge of management progress. This paper investigates the emergence of several of these management fashions. It examines the dissemination of fashions and the type of journals and areas from which particular fashions emerge. A bibliometric analysis is described that involved the following 246 fashions: bench-marking; pay for performance; quality circles; peer review; and MBO. The results of the analysis support hypotheses that fashions emerge in the popular press before academic literature and that some fashions emerge from sub-fields before appearing throughout management publications. Keywords: Management, Trends, Innovation 247 Title: Journal of Management Inquiry Full Journal Title: Journal of Management Inquiry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1056-4926 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Bedeian, A.G. (2005), Crossing disciplinary boundaries: A epilegomenon for Lockett and McWilliams. Journal of Management Inquiry, 14 (2), 151-155. Full Text: J\J Man Inq14, 151.pdf Abstract: Although applauding the application of bibliometric techniques to an analysis of the management literature, this author presents an alternative interpretation to A. Lockett and A. McWilliams’s (2005) conclusion that, in general, the citation patterns of selected management journals compare “unfavorably” with a set of “core” journals from economics, psychology, and sociology. In doing so, the author discusses methodological and theoretical issues related to assessing the management discipline’s influence on science as a whole. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Techniques, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Cliometrics, Economics, Journals, Scientometrics, Sociology of Knowledge ? Singh, G., Haddad, K. and Chow, C.W. (2007), Are articles in “Top” management journals necessarily of higher quality? Journal of Management Inquiry, 16 (4), 319-331. Full Text: 2007\J Man Inq16, 319.pdf Abstract: This study investigates the appropriateness of using publication of an article in a top (specifically, top five) management journal as a proxy for its quality. Social Science Citation Index citation counts were collected over 7-year event windows for articles published in 34 management journals in 1993 and 1996. Overall, the authors found that articles published in the five journals most often considered to be the top ones in management tend to be cited more often than ones published in the other journals. Far more important, however, across three different criteria for placing articles into top versus non-top categories, there were substantial classification errors 248 from using journal ranking as a proxy for quality. This finding suggests that both administrators and the management discipline will be well served by efforts to evaluate each article on its own merits rather than abdicate this responsibility by using journal ranking as a proxy for quality. Keywords: Advancing Knowledge, Articles, Business Policy Scholars, Citation, Citation Counts, Citations, Classification, Criteria, Emerging Forum, Entrepreneurship Scholars, Faculty Performance Evaluation, Field, Index, Journal, Journal Ranking, Journal Rankings, Journals, Management, Paradigm Development, Publication, Research Productivity, Schools, Science, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, Strategic Management 249 Title: Journal of Management in Medicine Full Journal Title: Journal of Management in Medicine ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: J Manag Med ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Learmonth, M. (1998), Kindly technicians: Hospital administrators immediately before the NHS. Journal of Management in Medicine, 12 (6), 323-30, 320. Full Text: 1998\J Man Med12, 323.pdf Abstract: Presents the results of a qualitative analysis of copies of The Hospital, a journal for UK hospital administrators, from 1946-1948: immediately prior to the establishment of the NHS. Characterises administrators in that period as kindly technicians. Analyses administrators’ ways of thinking; spheres of influence and level of education. Also notes their concern for the running of support services; their implicit and unexamined deference to medical staff and an explicit belief in the need to carry out their role with kindliness. Concludes by highlighting the changes in managerial thinking between the 1940s and today and speculates that these changes may be best understood, following Foucault, as phenomena of rupture and discontinuity rather than as linear progression. Keywords: Analysis, Changes, Education, Hospital, Journal, Medical, Medical Staff, Qualitative, Qualitative Analysis, Role, Rupture, Services, Spheres, Support, UK 250 Title: Journal of Management Studies Full Journal Title: Journal of Management Studies ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Starbuck, W.H. (2010), What makes a paper influential and frequently cited? Journal of Management Studies, 47 (7), 1394-1404. Full Text: 2010\J Man Stu47, 1394.pdf Abstract: P>Social trends that raised the value of esoteric expertise, stimulated the creation of knowledge-intensive firms and so created an opportunity to study some organizations that academics had overlooked. A lack of presuppositions, a useful research method, and thoughtful experts in these firms helped to uncover some surprising behaviours. The resulting paper attracted citations and may have stimulated research about knowledge as a business resource and a managerial challenge. However, the topic continues to pose questions for further research. Keywords: Academics, Citations, Firms, Management, Research 251 Title: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics Full Journal Title: Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics; Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Manip. Physiol. Ther. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Manip Physiol Ther ISSN: 0161-4754 Issues/Year: 9 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Mosby, Inc Publisher Address: 11830 Westline Industrial Dr, St Louis, MO 63146-3318 Subject Categories: Health Care Sciences & Services: Integrative & Complementary Medicine: Impact Factor 0.930, 2/8 (2000) Rehabilitation: ? Keating, J.C., Larson, K., Stephens, M. and Mick, T.J. (1989), Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics: A bibliographic analysis. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 12 (1), 15-20. ? Assendelft, W.J.J., Koes, B.W., Vanderheijden, G.J.M.G. and Bouter, L.M. (1992), The efficacy of chiropractic manipulation for back pain - Blinded review of relevant randomized clinical-trials. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 15 (8), 487-494. Abstract: Objective: To assess the efficacy of chiropractic for patients with back pain. Data Sources: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on spinal manipulation were identified with a Medline search (1966-1990), by citation tracking, and by manual examination of the relevant chiropractic reference systems [Chiropractic Research Archives Collection and Index to Chiropractic Literature]. [Indexing terms, Medline: backache, musculoskeletal diseases, manipulation, osteopathy or chiropractic in combination with evaluation studies, outcome and process assessment, prospective studies, comparative studies, clinical trials or double blind method. Indexing terms, Chiropractic Research Archives Collection: backache therapy-chiropractic, clinical trials, cost benefit analysis, evaluation studies-chiropractic, manipulation-spinal, prospective studies, sciatica-therapy. Indexing terms, Index to Chiropractic Literature: backache therapy, clinical trials, cost benefit analysis, intervertebral disc displacement-therapy.] Study Selection: All RCTs involving chiropractors as therapists. To find additional evidence from nonchiropractic RCTs, chiropractic standards similar to the type of treatment used in nonchiropractic trials were 252 determined by a panel of blinded chiropractors. Data Extraction: Review by two blinded reviewers independently, using a list of methodological criteria, each of which was attached to a weight. The maximum was set at 100 points. Data Synthesis: We identified five chiropractic RCTs. No similarity to chiropractic standards could be detected in any of the nonchiropractic RCTs. No chiropractic RCT had a methodological score of more than 50 points. The authors of four of the trials report favorable results for chiropractic, while one refrains from drawing conclusions. The results of the chiropractic RCTs differed on the timing of maximal effect as well as on the subgroups showing the best treatment results. Conclusions: Although the small number of chiropractic RCTs and the poor general methodological quality precludes the drawing of strong conclusions, chiropractic seems to be an effective treatment of back pain. However, more studies with a better research methodology are clearly still needed. Keywords: Chiropractic, Clinical Trials, Low Back Pain ? Keating, J.C., Caldwell, S., Nguyen, H., Saljooghi, S. and Smith, B. (1998), A descriptive analysis of the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 1989-1996. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 21 (8), 539-552. Full Text: 1998\J Man Phy The21, 539.pdf Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Chiropractic, Scholarship, Scientific Journal, Low-Back-Pain, Spinal Manipulation, Management ? Alix, M.E. and Bates, D.K. (1999), A proposed etiology of cervicogenic headache: The neurophysiologic basis and anatomic relationship between the dura mater and the rectus posterior capitis minor muscle. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 22 (8), 534-539. Full Text: 1999\J Man Phy The22, 534.pdf Abstract: Objective: To examine the neurophysiologic dura mater and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle in the etiologic proposition of cervicogenic headache. Data Sources: On-line searches in MEDLINE and the Index to Chiropractic Literature, manual citation searches, and peer inquiries. Results: Connective tissue bridges were noted at the atlanto-occipital junction between the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and the dorsal spinal dura. The perpendicular arrangement of these fibers appears to restrict dural movement toward the spinal cord. The ligamentum nuchae was found to be continuous with the posterior cervical spinal dura and the lateral portion of the occipital bone. Anatomic structures innervated by cervical nerves C1-C3 have the potential to cause headache pain. Included are the joint complexes of the upper 3 cervical segments, the dura mater, and spinal cord. 253 Conclusion: A sizable body of clinical studies note the effect of manipulation on headache. These results support its effectiveness. The dura-muscular, dura-ligamentous connections in the upper cervical spine and occipital areas may provide anatomic and physiologic answers to the cause of the cervicogenic headache. This proposal would further explain manipulation’s efficacy in the treatment of cervicogenic headache. Further studies in this area are warranted to better define the mechanisms of this anatomic relationship. Keywords: Headache, Chiropractic Manipulation, Cervical Vertebrae, United-States, Manipulation, Dysfunction, Migraine, Cord, Pain, Patterns, Trial ? Vernon, H. (2000), Qualitative review of studies of manipulation-induced hypoalgesia. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 23 (2), 134-138. Full Text: J\J Man Phy The23, 134.pdf Abstract: Background: The number of studies that have investigated the direst analgesic effect of a spinal manipulation on spinal or referred pain is small, making knowledge of this crucial aspect of manipulation sparse. This paper reviews a set of studies that measure the immediate effect of manipulation on pain or pain-related phenomena in the spinal and peripheral soft tissues. Methods: The literature was accessed through MEDLINE. Key words used were “ manipulation, “ “pain.” and “chiropratic.” This search was complemented by citation reviews of important research and chapters on the topic. Only studies that directly measured the effect of at least a single spinal manipulation on pain (eg, tenderness, biochemical assay, referred pain) were selected. The selected studies were reviewed descriptively; no systematic assessment of their quality was conducted. Results: The electronic search yielded 738 citations. Six hundred and forty-two were relevant to chiropractic. Of these, most were clinically descriptive articles about diagnostic and therapeutic procedures or case management. Most of the remaining articles were clinical trial reports or letters to the editor. Only 5 studies were selected according to the established criteria. Thus less than 1 % of the indexed literature on chiropractic, manipulation, and pain involved studies that explored the mechanism of the putative effect of spinal manipulation on pain mechanisms. Six other studies were retrieved from citation reviews. These 11 studies were reviewed in order of publication. Conclusion: Few studies have investigated the effects of spinal manipulation on pain directly. If the theory of manipulation exerting its therapeutic effects posits that the sensory input created by the intervention results in some form of inhibition of pain, then the results of these studies largely consistent with one another and with this theory. This review has highlighted the deficiencies in the errant studies and many remaining questions. Only more high-quality research will per mit a full elucidation 254 of the hypoalgesic effects of spinal manipulation. Keywords: Chiropractic Manipulation, Pain, Randomized Clinical Trial, Beta-Endorphin Levels, Spinal Manipulation, Pain, Metaanalysis ? Smart, L.J. and Smith, D.L. (2001), Postural dynamics: Clinical and empirical implications. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 24 (5), 340-349. Full Text: J\J Man Phy The24, 304.pdf Abstract: Objective: To provide a rationale for the examination of posture from a dynamic (behavioral) perspective and to relate the vertebral subluxation to postural instability and motion sickness via inefficiency. Data Collection: A manual search of available reference texts and a computer search of literature-from Index Medicus, PsycINFO, and ISI Science Citation Index Expanded were collected with an emphasis on postural dynamics, vertebral subluxation, and motion sickness. Results: Evidence linking behavioral and health research has emerged from the study of posture and postural dynamics. Studies: examining the relation between postural control and motion sickness have shown that motion sickness is preceded and predicted by postural instability. Motion sickness is characterized by maladaptive response to unusual motion events. The symptoms are nonspecific and variable. Although the Postural Instability theory of motion sickness predicted that instability should precede sickness, it did not make any claims regarding the symptoms associated with it. Chiropractic literature has emphasized the effects of vertebral subluxation on neurologic dysfunction. Vertebral subluxation is a condition that is postulated to interfere with neurologic processes and may influence organ system function and general health. As in the case of motion sickness, symptoms are nonspecific and variable (and in some instances the person may have no symptoms). So what do these disorders have in common? In each instance the disruptions lead to inefficiency in the system. Conclusion: Given this potential commonality, we propose that some of the methods used by behavioral researchers to study postural dynamics may also be of great utility to health care practitioners and psychologists alike. Furthermore we propose that this link will provide a framework that will allow scientists to address seemingly intractable problems such as motion sickness or subluxation. Keywords: Posture, Motion Sickness, Biomechanics, Dysponesis, Interrater Reliability, Motion Sickness, Human Movement, Human Walking, Older Adults, Perception, Stability, Validity, Position, Stance ? Crawford, C.M., Hurtgen-Grace, K., Talarico, E. and Marley, J. (2003), Abdominal aortic aneurysm: An illustrated narrative review. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 26 (3), 184-195. 255 Full Text: J\J Man Phy The26, 184.pdf Abstract: Objective: To present a descriptive review of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), including a review of risk factors for and case finding in AAA for chiropractors as primary contact health care practitioners. Data Sources: Clinical and scientific literature identified through various sources including MEDLINE and citation tracking. Data Synthesis: Selective narrative review of relevant literature. Results: AAA may be asymptomatic; however, back pain is a common presenting feature. Risk factors include male gender, increasing age, cigarette smoking, hypertension, chronic obstructive airway disease, claudication, and AAA in a first-degree relative. AAA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of older white patients, especially males, with low back pain. Estimated prevalence for AAAs in older males is in the order of 3% to 5%; rupture accounts for 1.7% of deaths in men aged 65 to 75 years. Elective surgical resection of AAAs (prior to rupture) offers a low operative mortality and good prognosis. Conclusion: AAA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of older patients presenting with low back pain and those with risk factors for AAA. Chiropractors, as primary contact health care practitioners, have a responsibility to refer patients suspected of having AAA for appropriate imaging and, where indicated, vascular surgical opinion. Keywords: Abdominal Aneurysm, Chiropractic, Diagnosis, Low Back Pain, Physical-Examination, MR-Angiography, Risk-Factors, Men, Pathogenesis, Ultrasound, Population, Surgery ? Pohlman, K.A., Potocki, E.N. and Lawrence, D.J. (2009), A descriptive analysis and checklist critique of the articles in the Journal of Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics, 1996 to 2007. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 32 (8), 654-659. Full Text: 2009\J Man Phy The32, 654.pdf Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a bibliographic analysis and assessment of the literature published in the Journal of Clinical Chiropractic Pediatrics (JCCP). Methods: The content of the 13 existing issues of the JCCP (1996-2007) were assessed. Articles were categorized by type, and information concerning author affiliation, academic/professional background and gender were tabulated. A second-level analysis applied specific criteria checklists to applicable articles to determine the quality rating of each paper. Results: There were 72 articles included in the analysis, of which 46% were case reports, 17% editorials, 13% case series, 10% narrative literature reviews, 10% commentaries, 4% “other,” and 1% cross-sectional studies. Seventy-five percent of the authors were “private practitioners.” A certification in chiropractic pediatrics was held by 43% of the 256 authors; 65% of the authors were females, and 83% of the articles had a single author. After applying the checklist to specific articles, 13 articles (18%) scored 40% or better (range of 40%-67%), whereas 59 articles (82%) scored less than 40%. Conclusions: The findings of this analysis suggest there is room for improvement in article type and publication quality of papers in the JCCP. (J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2009;32:654-659). Keywords: Authorship, Bibliometrics, Chiropractic, Editors Want, Manuscripts As Topic, Medical Journals, Pediatrics, Peer Reviewers, Physiological Therapeutics 257 Title: Journal of Marine Biotechnology Full Journal Title: Journal of Marine Biotechnology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mar. Biotechnol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Mar Biotechnol ISSN: 0941-2905 Issues/Year: 4 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Springer Verlag Publisher Address: 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010 Subject Categories: Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology: Impact Factor 131 (2001) Marine & Freshwater Biology: Impact Factor 71 (2001) Kong, J.Y., Lee, H.W., Hong, J.W., Kang, Y.S., Kim, J.D., Chang, M.W. and Bae, S.K. (1998), Utilization of a cell-bound polysaccharide produced by the marine bacterium Zoogloea sp.: New biomaterial for metal adsorption and enzyme immobilization. Journal of Marine Biotechnology, 6 (2), 99-103. Full Text: J\J Mar Bio6, 99.pdf Abstract: A cell-bound polysaccharide (CBP) produced by the marine bacterium Zoogloeas (KCCM 10036) was used as the adsorbent of metal ions and as a new support for enzyme immobilization, The CBP gel beads showed highly effective adsorbing in Cr, Pb, and Feion in solutions. The adsorption rates were above 95% at pH 5.0, 25C, in 10 mg/liter of each metalsolution. The gel beads formed by the CBP were stable within the range of pH 4.0-7.0 and at a temperature of 40-55C, The optimum pH and temperature of the immobilized glucoamylase by the CBP gel beads (poly-G) were 5.0 and 45C, respectively. The immobilized glucoamylase produced 10.5 mg/liter of glucose from 10 mg/ml of soluble starch. 258 Title: Journal of Marine Science and Technology-Taiwan Full Journal Title: Journal of Marine Science and Technology-Taiwan ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Esmaeili, A., Ghasemi, S. and Rustaiyan, A. (2010), Removal of hexavalent chromium using activated carbons derived from marine algae Gracilaria and Sargassum Sp. Journal of Marine Science and Technology-Taiwan, 18 (4), 587-592. Full Text: J Mar Sci Tec-Tai18, 587.pdf Abstract: Industrial wastewater contain higher quantities of salts besides chromium(VI) ions, therefore, the effect of these salts on the adsorption of chromium(VI) should be studied. In this research, the batch removal of toxic hexavalent chromium ions from wastewater and aqueous solution using two different activated carbon marine algae Gracilaria (red algae) and Sargassum sp. (brown algae) were examined. Activated carbon prepared from Gracilaria and Sargassum sp. The chromium uptake was dependent on the equilibrium pH and chromium concentration, with pH = 2.0, being the optimum pH value. The experimental adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model. The maximum efficiencies of chromium removal were 91.53% and 91.98% for activated carbon prepared of Gracilaria and Sargassum sp., respectively. A significant fraction of the total chromium(VI) uptake was achieved within 60 min. The chromium(VI) uptake by the biosorbents was best described by pseudo-second order rate model. This investigation verifies the possibility of using activated carbon prepared from algae as valuable material for the removal of chromium from aqueous solution and wastewater. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption, Algae, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Biomass, Biosorbents, Biosorption, Carbon, Chromate, Chromium, Chromium Ions, Chromium Removal, Concentration, Cu(II), Data, Equilibrium, Experimental, Freundlich, Gracilaria, Heavy-Metal, Hexavalent Chromium, Investigation, Ions, Langmuir, Marine Algae, Model, pH, pH Value, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, 259 Research, Salts, Sargassum, Solution, Sorption, Toxic, Trivalent, Uptake, Value, Wastewater 260 Title: Journal of Marital and Family Therapy Full Journal Title: Journal of Marital and Family Therapy ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Faulkner, R.A., Klock, K. and Gale, J.E. (2002), Qualitative research in family therapy: Publication trends from 1980 to 1999. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 28 (1), 69-74. Full Text: 2002\J Mar Fam The28, 69.pdf Abstract: In the early 1990s, scholars from a variety of disciplines encouraged greater inclusion of qualitative research methodology in the mental health field. Moon, Dillon, and Sprenkle (1990) hoped their paper “Family therapy and qualitative research” would serve as a stimulus for further development of qualitative research in the field of family therapy. Ten years later entering the new millennium, has the field been influenced by recommendations for an increase in use of qualitative methodology in family therapy? A content analysis was conducted on articles published in the marriage and family therapy literature from 1980 to 1999. Of the numerous articles examined in four journals, 131 articles were published using qualitative research methodology. Findings support the contention that qualitative research is increasing, but still accounts for a small number of research articles published in marriage and family therapy journals. Keywords: Analysis, Content Analysis, Development, Family, Field, Health, Journals, Literature, Mental Health, Methodology, Qualitative, Qualitative Research, Recommendations, Research, Small, Support, Therapy, Trends 261 Title: Journal of Marketing Full Journal Title: Journal of Marketing ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0022-2429 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Baumgartner, H. and Pieters, R. (2003), The structural influence of marketing journals: A citation analysis of the discipline and its subareas over time. Journal of Marketing, 67 (2), 123-139. Full Text: 2000\J Mar67, 123.pdf Abstract: The authors investigate the overall and subarea influence of a comprehensive set of marketing and marketing-related journals at three points in time during a 30-year period using a citation-based measure of structural influence. The results show that a few journals wield a disproportionate amount of influence in the marketing journal network as a whole and that influential journals tend to derive their influence from many different journals. Different journals are most influential in different subareas of marketing; general business and managerially oriented journals have lost influence, whereas more specialized marketing journals have gained in influence overtime. The Journal of Marketing emerges as the most influential marketing journal in the final period (1996-97) and as the journal with the broadest span of influence across all subareas. Yet the Journal of Marketing is notably influential among applied marketing journals, which themselves are of lesser influence. The index of structural influence is significantly correlated with other objective and subjective measures of influence but least so with the impact factors reported in the Social Sciences Citation Index. Overall, the findings demonstrate the rapid maturation of the marketing discipline and the changing role of key journals in the process. Keywords: Analysis, Business, Citation, Citation Analysis, General, Impact, Impact Factors, Index, Journal, Journals, Marketing, Maturation, Measure, Network, Role ? Stremersch, S., Verniers, I. and Verhoef, P.C. (2007), The quest for citations: Drivers of article impact. Journal of Marketing, 71 (3), 171-193. 262 Full Text: 2007\J Mar71, 171.pdf Abstract: Why do some articles become building blocks for future scholars, whereas others remain unnoticed? The authors aim to answer this question by contrasting, synthesizing, and simultaneously testing three scientometric perspectives-universalism, social constructivism, and presentation-on the influence of article and author characteristics on article citations. They study all articles published in a sample of five major journals in marketing from 1990 to 2002 that are central to the discipline. They count the number of citations each of these articles has received and regress this count on an extensive set of characteristics of the article (i.e., article quality, article domain, title length, the use of attention grabbers, and expositional clarity) and the author (i.e., author visibility and author personal promotion). They find that the number of citations an article in the marketing discipline receives depends more on “what is said” (quality and domain) and “who says it” (author visibility and personal promotion) than on “how it is said” (title length, the use of attention grabbers, and expositional clarity). The insights gleaned from this analysis contribute to the marketing literature and are relevant to scientific stakeholders, such as the management of scientific journals and individual academic scholars, as they strive to maximize citations. They are also relevant to marketing practitioners; they inform practitioners on characteristics of the academic journals in marketing and their relevance to decisions they face. Conversely, the insights also raise challenges regarding how to make journals accessible and relevant to marketing practitioners: (1) Authors visible to academics are not necessarily visible to practitioners; (2) the readability of an article may hurt academic credibility and impact, but it may be instrumental in influencing practitioners; and (3) it remains questionable whether articles that academics assess to be of high quality are also managerially relevant. Keywords: Analysis, Author Visibility, Authors, Buyer-Seller Relationships, Citations, Consequences, Consumer Research, Determinants, Impact, Journals, Literature, Management, Market Orientation, Model, Quality, Reexamination, Reference Diversity, Scientific Journals, Service Quality, Testing, Visibility ? Seggie, S.H. and Griffith, D.A. (2009), What does it take to get promoted in marketing Academia? Understanding exceptional publication productivity in the leading marketing journals. Journal of Marketing, 73 (1), 122-132. Full Text: 2009\J Mar73, 122.pdf Abstract: Institutional competition to retain and recruit marketing scholars capable of publishing in the leading marketing journals has intensified. Although increased emphasis has been placed on publication productivity in the leading marketing journals, little is known about questions such as (1) What level of publication productivity in the leading marketing journals does it take to get promoted in 263 marketing academia? (2) What level of publication productivity in the leading marketing journals warrants exception? and (3) What drives research productivity in the leading marketing journals? The authors draw on the economic concept of imperfect substitution to address these questions using two data sets: (1) a census of publication activity in the leading marketing journals of 337 scholars in the top 70 institutions who were promoted between 1992 and 2006 and (2) an examination of 2672 scholars who published 3492 articles in the four leading marketing journals over the 1982-2006 period. The results indicate that the average number of publications by successful candidates for promotion to associate professor from PhD conferral at the top 10 institutions was .57 articles in the leading marketing journals per year, compared with .47 in the top 11-20 institutions, 47 in the top 21-40 institutions, and .26 in the top 41-70 institutions. The authors also present findings related to promotion to full professor both from PhD conferral and from promotion to associate professor, as well as scholars identified as warranting exceptional publication productivity. The findings provide substantive implications for marketing academics, for those involved with the recruitment and retention of marketing academics, and for the field of marketing thought in general. Keywords: Academia, Activity, Authors, Business, Career Advancement, Career Research Productivity, Census, Competition, Data, Discipline, Economic, Economics, Examination, Faculty, Field, General, Impact, Imperfect Substitution, Institutions, Journals, Management, Marketing, Marketing Academia, Number of Publications, Patterns, Productivity, Promotion, Publication, Publication Activity, Publication Productivity, Publications, Publishing, Recruitment, Research, Research Productivity, Retention, Scientists, Scientometrics, Substitution, Superstars, Warrants 264 Title: Journal of Marriage and Family Full Journal Title: Journal of Marriage and Family ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Bayer, A.E. (1982), A bibliometric analysis of marriage and family literature. Journal of Marriage and Family, 44 (3), 527-538. Full Text: 1982\J Mar Fam44, 527.pdf Abstract: This research demonstrates that several quantifiable characteristics of articles in the marriage and family area are substantially related to subsequent impact in the field, based on bibliometric citation analysis. Articles are more frequently cited when they are explicitly linked to prior literature in the marriage and family field, to more current ongoing research not yet published, and to contemporary theorists in gender and sex roles. Consistent with studies of other science fields, the works published by the more eminent, highly cited scholars are more likely to be cited. However, contrary to other fields, collaborative work in marriage and the family does not yield higher visibility. The implications of these results to the field are discussed, and further analyses are proposed to supplement this bibliometric assessment and to explore some tentative conclusions. Keywords: Bibliometric, Citation, Citation Analysis, Research, Science 265 Title: Journal of Materials Chemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Materials Chemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Levanmao, R., Vu, N.T., Xiao, S.Y. and Ramsaran, A. (1994), Modified zeolites for the removal of calcium and magnesium from hard water. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 4 (7), 1143-1147. Full Text: 1994\J Mat Che4, 1143.pdf Abstract: The cation-exchange capacity (cec) and the pore size of zeolite materials are the two key factors which influence the removal of calcium and magnesium in aqueous solution. Na-X and Na-Y zeolites have been modified by selective extraction of Si from the zeolite framework using sodium carbonate. At ambient temperature, the modified Na-X zeolite was more efficient than the Na-A commercially used in detergency, for both Ca and Mg ions. ? Kooli, F., Bovey, J. and Jones, W. (1997), Dependence of the properties of titanium-pillared clays on the host matrix: A comparison of montmorillonite, saponite and rectorite pillared materials. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 7 (1), 153-158. Full Text: 1997\J Mat Che7, 153.pdf Abstract: Titanium pillared clays using montmorillonite, saponite and rectorite hosts have been prepared from TiCl4-ethanol solutions. The products have been characterised structurally by PXRD and IR studies and for acidity by cyclohexylamine and pyridine adsorption-desorption studies. Catalytic activity data for pentanol dehydration and cumene cracking are also presented. The amount of Ti incorporated is related to the cation-exchange capacity of the host. The thermal stability of the pillared material decreases from rectorite through montmorillonite to saponite. Cyclohexylamine desorption suggests that the saponite,sample has the highest acidity, and this is reflected in the highest conversion for cumene cracking. In the case of pentanol dehydration, however, the highest activity is seen for the 266 rectorite sample, despite its apparent lower acidity. Similar effects have been reported previously for this reaction with alumina pillared clays. Keywords: Acidity, Adsorption-Desorption, Alumina, Aluminum, Bentonite, Capacity, Catalysts, Catalytic, Cation Exchange, Cation-Exchange Capacity, Clays, Comparison, Cracking, Cumene, Data, Dehydration, Desorption, Host, IR, Iron, Matrix, Montmorillonite, Oxide, Pyridine, Rectorite, Sheet Silicates, Sol, Solutions, Stability, Thermal Stability ? Shen, X.T., Zhu, L.H., Huang, C.X., Tang, H.Q., Yu, Z.W. and Deng, F. (2009), Inorganic molecular imprinted titanium dioxide photocatalyst: Synthesis, characterization and its application for efficient and selective degradation of phthalate esters. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19 (27), 4843-4851. Full Text: 2009\J Mat Che19, 4843.pdf Abstract: An inorganic molecular imprinted polymer (IMIP) coated photocatalyst for photodegradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) was synthesized by coating a layer of molecular imprinted silica/alumina on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles with DEP as the template. The characterization with HR-TEM, XRD, FT-IR and UV-visible spectroscopic analysis indicated that the new catalyst was a composite of the TiO2 particle core and a shell layer of Al3+-doped silica with thickness of about 5 nm. The Al-27 MAS NMR measurements revealed that the IMIP layer consisted of framework tetrahedrally coordinated aluminium and non-framework octa-coordinated aluminium species, both of which function as the hot spots for the adsorption of target molecules on the catalyst during photocatalysis. It was found that the IMIP layer provided the photocatalyst with molecular recognition ability, leading to selective adsorption and rapid mineralization of the target pollutant from its low level solution (2 mg L-1) in the presence of other high level non-target pollutants, such as phenol (50 mg L-1). Unlike the neat TiO2 photocatalyst (Degussa P25), the use of the IMIP-coated TiO2 photocatalyst almost eliminated the generation of toxic aromatic byproducts. Moreover, the new photocatalyst was totally constructed by inorganic compounds, being resistant to photochemical attack and showing favorable lifetime during the photocatalysis. Keywords: Acid, Adsorption, Aluminium, Analysis, Application, Catalyst, Cavities, Characterization, Coated, Coating, Composite, Constructed, Degradation, Footprint Catalysis, Framework, FT-IR, FTIR, Function, Generation, Hrtem, L1, MAS, MAS NMR, Mineralization, Nanoparticles, Nmr, Phenol, Photocatalysis, Photodegradation, Phthalate, Phthalate Esters, Pollutants, Polymer, Selective Adsorption, Silica, Solution, Species, Surface, Synthesis, Template, TiO2, TiO2 Nanoparticles, TiO2 Photocatalysts, Titanium, Titanium Dioxide, Toxic, Transformation, Water-Treatment, XRD, Zeolites ? Kuwahara, Y., Ohmichi, T., Kamegawa, T., Mori, K. and Yamashita, H. (2009), A 267 novel synthetic route to hydroxyapatite-zeolite composite material from steel slag: Investigation of synthesis mechanism and evaluation of physicochemical properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19 (39), 7263-7272. Full Text: 2009\J Mat Che19, 7263.pdf Abstract: Steel slag is a commercial waste material mainly consisting of SiO(2), Al(2)O(3) and CaO, the former two chemicals being major components of zeolites and the latter a major component of hydroxyapatite (HAP). A hydroxyapatite-zeolite composite material (HAP-ZE) was successfully synthesized from steel slag by adding appropriate chemical reagents, H(3)PO(4) and NaOH, via aging at 363 K for approximately 2 days. The synthesis mechanism and structural properties were clarified by detailed analysis using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, and N(2) adsorption-desorption measurements. The Ca and Mg components were chemically reacted with phosphate in the early stages of aging, being precipitated as Mg-substituted HAP with (Ca + Mg)/P = 1.67. After 2 days of aging, well-crystallized HAP and faujasite-type zeolite (Na type X-zeolite with SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) = 2.4) were separately formed via a non-simultaneous crystallization process. The over-run in aging time led to phase transformation from FAU-zeolite to Pl-zeolite. The minor components in steel slag such as Fe and Mn had little effect on the synthesis of HAP-ZE; however, the inherent SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) ratio in steel slag led to a lower yield from the zeolite phase. Furthermore, from the adsorption assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), fatty acid and protein, the HAP-ZE synthesized under optimum conditions was found to have adsorption properties comparable to those of pure zeolite and HAP. Keywords: 2-Step Process, A Zeolite, Adsorption, Adsorption-Desorption, Aging, Analysis, Assessment, Calcium Phosphates, Chemicals, Coal Fly-Ash, Conversion, Evaluation, FTIR, Hydrothermal Synthesis, Mapping, Mechanism, Na-X Zeolites, Paper Sludge Ash, Ratio, Rice Husk Ash, Silica, Steel Slag, XRD, Zeolite ? Xu, Y.F., Dai, Y.C., Zhou, J.Z., Xu, Z.P., Qian, G.R. and Lu, G.Q.M. (2010), Removal efficiency of arsenate and phosphate from aqueous solution using layered double hydroxide materials: Intercalation vs. precipitation. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20 (22), 4684-4691. Full Text: 2010\J Mat Che20, 4684.pdf Abstract: Adsorption behaviours of arsenate and phosphate over Mg-based and Ca-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) adsorbents have been examined in kinetics and thermodynamics. Removal of these anions from aqueous solution follows the Lagergren first-order and/or pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherm is well fitted with either the Langmuir or the Freundlich model. Structure analysis of used LDH adsorbents reveals that two processes, i.e. intercalation and precipitation, are responsible for the anion removal. Adsorption 268 over the Mg-based LDH adsorbent occurs by way of intercalation into the interlayer spacing while that over the Ca-based adsorbent occurs by means of precipitation of dissolved Ca2+ with the anion. More particularly, we have found that As(V) at a concentration below 10 mg/L can be very efficiently removed through intercalation into the interlayer of reconstructed MgAl-LDHs, with less than 0.010 mg/L of As left in solution. We have also noted that phosphate at [P] up to 100 mg/L can be quickly and effectively removed through precipitation with CaAl-Cl-LDH, giving rise to similar to 0.1 mg/L of P left in solution with the maximum adsorption amount up to 135 mg/g. Therefore, these two LDH materials (calcined Mg3Al-CO3-LDH and uncalcined Ca2Al-Cl-LDH) are potential cost-effective adsorbents for arsenate and phosphate, respectively. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherm, Analysis, Anions, Aqueous Solution, Arsenate, Arsenite, As(V), Behavior, Calcined, Concentration, Contamination, Cost Effective, Cost-Effective, Dissolved, Double Hydroxide, Drinking-Water, Efficiency, First Order, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Groundwater, Isotherm, Kinetics, Kinetics and Thermodynamics, Langmuir, Layered Double Hydroxide, Mechanism, Model, P, Phosphate, Potential, Precipitation, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Model, Removal, Solution, Thermodynamics, Toxicity, West-Bengal ? Sun, L., Tian, C.G., Wang, L., Zou, J.L., Mu, G. and Fu, H.G. (2011), Magnetically separable porous graphitic carbon with large surface area as excellent adsorbents for metal ions and dye. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (20), 7232-7239. Full Text: 2011\J Mat Che21, 7232.pdf Abstract: Magnetic porous graphitic carbon (MPGC) materials were fabricated through a facile “Solution-Solid” route and their application as excellent adsorbents for metal ions and dye were also demonstrated. In the preparation, glucose, nickel nitrate and TEOS were selected as carbon resource, catalyst precursor and porogent, respectively. In the first step, the solution contained glucose, Ni2+ and TEOS was treated at low temperature to impel polymerization of glucose, coordination of Ni2+ with glucose unit and hydrolysis of TEOS simultaneous, leading to the formation of precursor (Solution process). After heating the precursors under N-2 atmosphere, the Ni-SiO2/carbon composites were formed (Solid process). Followed soaking with NaOH to remove SiO2 porogent, the corresponding MPGC materials with magnetic nickel particles embedded in the graphitic carbon framework were obtained. The obtained MPGC materials show good chemical stability due to their high graphitic degree. It is noteworthy that they have exceptionally large surface areas up to 918 m2 g-1. The adsorption performance of MPGC are evaluated by using metal ions (Cd2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Au3+) and dye (Rhodamine B, RhB) in aqueous solutions as the target. The results indicate that MPGC materials exhibit excellent adsorption capacities for 269 metal ions (7.79 mg g-1 for copper for example), which are superior to those of activated carbons and carbon nanotubes. In addition, the materials have also exhibited good ability for adsorption of dye molecular. Notably, MPGC materials could be easily removed for reuse by an external magnet, facilitating separation and reuse of those materials as adsorbents. The adsorption kinetics for these metal ions and dye on MPGC-based adsorbents were well fitted to a pseudo-second order model. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Chitosan, Copper, Dye, Kinetics, Magnetic, Nanoparticles, Nanotubes, Nickel, Palladium(II), Rhodamine B, Separation, SiO2, Soils, TEOS, Water ? Guo, X., Fei, G.T., Su, H. and Zhang, L.D. (2011), Synthesis of polyaniline micro/nanospheres by a copper(II)-catalyzed self-assembly method with superior adsorption capacity of organic dye from aqueous solution. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (24), 8618-8625. Full Text: 2011\J Env Sci-Chi21, 8618.pdf Abstract: Hollow and core-shell polyaniline (PANI) micro/nanospheres have been fabricated by a simple copper (II)-catalyzed self-assembly method under different reagent concentrations. In this synthesis system, the copper(II) salt and the template composed of aniline monomers were two key factors in the formation of PANI spherical products. The molecular structure of the PANI prepared by the copper(II)-catalyzed self-assembly method is similar to that of PANI prepared by traditional methods as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized PANI hollow spheres and fiber/sheets were used to adsorb methyl orange from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption/desorption kinetics and isotherms followed pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. Importantly, the as-synthesized PANI hollow spheres exhibited a superior adsorption capacity (384.62 mg g-1) compared with other absorbents. The excellent adsorption characteristic of the hollow PANI microsphere will render it an ideal candidate for removal of organic dye from wastewater. Keywords: Adsorption, And Isotherms, Aniline, Anionic Dyes, Aqueous Solution, Copper, Doped Polyaniline, Dye, Facile Synthesis, Hollow Microspheres, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Nanotubes, Polymeric Adsorbent, Raman, Removal, Spheres, Synthesis, Template, Wastewater, X-Ray Diffraction ? Kim, S.H., Huang, Y.L., Sawatdeenarunat, C., Sung, S.W. and Linx, V.S.Y. (2011), Selective sequestration of carboxylic acids from biomass fermentation by surface-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (32), 12103-12109. Full Text: 2011\J Mat Che21, 12103.pdf Abstract: Carboxylic acids produced by acid fermentation have attracted much attention 270 recently as promising chemical feedstock. The feasibility of the acid fermentation as a high-value added bioconversion process depends on the selective separation of carboxylic acids from the bulk solution. The authors synthesized an aminopropyl-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) material with the MCM-41 type, parallel channel porous structure via a co-condensation method. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed with an extended Langmuir model using an overloading term. The highest acid adsorption capacity was 3.38 mol kg-1 for 1 : 1 complexation at an amine density of 3.14 mol N kg-1. Positive isosteric heat showed the reaction was exothermic and favored at low temperature. Desorption/regeneration by increasing the pH to 10.5 was completed within 1 min, and the regenerated MSN showed an adsorption capacity equivalent to the original. MSN had a high selectivity for carboxylic acid over ethanol, glucose, and protein. The pseudo-second-order rate constant for acetic acid adsorption on MSN was 0.41 kg mol-1 min, significantly higher than those of an anion exchange resin (0.14 kg mol-1 min) and activated carbon (0.06 kg mol-1 min). We envision that the MSN material could serve as an efficient adsorbent for selective sequestration of biomass-derived carboxylic acids for various applications. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Bioenergy, Co-Condensation, Complexation, Condensation, Isotherms, Langmuir, MCM-41, Media, Metal-Ions, pH, Removal, Resin, Selective, Selectivity, Separation, Silica, System, Temperature, Waste-Water ? Pan, J.M., Hu, W., Dai, X.H., Guan, W., Zou, X.H., Wang, X., Huo, P.W. and Yan, Y.S. (2011), Molecularly imprinted polymers based on magnetic fly-ash-cenosphere composites for bisphenol A recognition. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (39), 15741-15751. Full Text: 2011\J Mat Che21, 15741.pdf Abstract: Magnetic composites (MCs) were achieved via coating a chitosan layer containing gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles onto the surface of aldehyde-functionalized fly-ash-cenospheres. Based on these MCs, the magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were further synthesized and characterized, and used to selectively recognise bisphenol A (BPA) molecules. Owing to the intrinsic advantages of cross-linked chitosan, magnetic gamma-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles and spherical FACs, the results demonstrated that these spherical shaped MMIPs particles had magnetic sensitivity (M(s) = 2.221 emu g(-1)) and magnetic stability (especially over the pH range of 6.0-12). Batch mode adsorption studies were carried out to investigate the specific adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and selective recognition. The Langmuir isotherm model was fitted well to the equilibrium data of the MMIPs, and the monolayer adsorption capacity of the MMIPs was 135.1 mg g(-1) at 298 K. The kinetic properties of the MMIPs were well 271 described by the pseudo-second-order equation, indicating the chemical process could be the rate-limiting step in the adsorption process for BPA. Selective recognition experiments demonstrated the high affinity and selectivity of MMIPs towards BPA over competitive phenolic compounds. The molecular interaction between BPA and methacrylic acid (MAA) was investigated by the (1)H-NMR spectrum. Hydrogen bonding was proved to be mainly responsible for the recognition mechanism, and the specific recognition effect may be based on the distinct size, structure and functional group of the template molecules. Keywords: 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, Adsorption, Batch, Bisphenol A, Chitosan, Dye Adsorption, Equilibrium, Hydrogen Bonding, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Magnetic, Mechanism, Microspheres, Nanoparticles, pH, Polymerization, Pseudo Second Order, Removal, Selective, Selective Recognition, Selectivity, Separation ? Liu, B. and Huang, Y.M. (2011), Polyethyleneimine modified eggshell membrane as a novel biosorbent for adsorption and detoxification of Cr(VI) from water. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21 (43), 17413-17418. Full Text: 2011\J Mat Che21, 17413.pdf Abstract: The polyethyleneimine (PEI) functionalized biosorbent which uses an eggshell membrane (ESM) as a model was synthesized based on the cross linking reaction between aldehydes in glutaraldehyde and functional groups such as amines and amides in ESM. The as-prepared biosorbent (PEI-ESM) strongly interacted with chromium(VI). After modification, the dynamic uptake capacity of the PEI-ESM increased by 105% compared with the control, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) can reach about 160 mg g-1 with an initial pH of 3.0. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was applicable to fit the removal process. Kinetics of the Cr(VI) removal were found to follow a pseudo-second-order rate equation. The results obtained by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS), performed on the as-prepared biosorbent before and after Cr(VI) adsorption, suggested that some of adsorbed Cr(VI) anions were reduced to Cr(III) in Cr2O3 or Cr(OH)3 during the sorption process, demonstrating that the PEI-ESM could detoxify Cr(VI). The developed biosorbent promises advantages such as low cost, high adsorption capacity, Cr(VI) detoxification, and environmental friendliness. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Benzene, Biosorption, Chromium Adsorption, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Ions, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, pH, Reduction, Removal 272 Title: Journal of Materials and Environmental Science Full Journal Title: Journal of Materials and Environmental Science ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mater. Environ. Sci. JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 2028-2508 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Hammouti, B. (2010), Comparative bibliometric study of the scientific production in Maghreb countries (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia) in 1996-2009 using Scopus. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 1 (2), 70-77. Full Text: 2010\J Mat Env Sci1, 70.pdf Abstract: This paper is a bibliometric study of the publication patterns of academic and research scientists of Maghreb countries: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. The comparative study of the scientific production in the countries of Maghreb is made using Scopus data during the period 1996-2009. Results show that the total scientific production of Tunisia is higher than that of both Morocco and Algeria, even though the population in Tunisia is only one third of that of Morocco and Algeria. Scientometric analysis is furthermore related to the population to each country. The study deals also to introduce the Hirsch index called h-index of the most published authors according to the Scopus database. Ten of the most published authors of each country are listed and their corresponding h-index values were given. Keywords: Bibliometric, h-index, Citation, Maghreb, Scopus, Scientometric Analysis 273 Title: Journal of Materials Processing Technology Full Journal Title: Journal of Materials Processing Technology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Wu, C.H., Shr, J.F., Wu, C.F. and Hsieh, C.T. (2008), Synthesis and photocatalytic characterization of titania-supported bamboo charcoals by using sol-gel method. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 203 (1-3), 326-332. Full Text: 2008\J Mat Pro Tec203, 326.pdf Abstract: The present work examined the photocatalytic behavior of methylene blue (MB) on titania-dispersed bamboo charcoals, prepared by sol-gel method combined with chemical-wet impregnation. The experimental results of nitrogen adsorption showed that specific surface area of the TiO2-charcoals was found to increase with TiO2 loading, whereas their mean pore sizes exhibited a decreasing trend. It can be suggested that TiO2 nanoparticles were mostly coated on the charcoal surface and partially deposited in the mouth of pore channels. Our preparation technique for the heterogeneous catalysts improves the dispersed degree of TiO2 catalyst, which shows a better photocatalytic performance than pure TiO2 aggregation. A linearity relationship between the overall photocatalytic efficiency and the TiO2 loading reflected that each titania particle behaves an identical photocatalytic reactivity The liquid-phase photocatalytic behavior of the heterogeneous catalysts can be well described by Elovich kinetic model. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Aqueous-Solution, Bamboo Charcoals, Catalyst, Drinking-Water, Elovich Kinetic Model, Gas-Phase, Kinetic, Methylene Blue, Nitrogen, Organic Pollutants, Photocatalysis, Sol-Gel, Surface Area, Thin-Films, TiO2, TiO2 Nanoparticles, Titania, Visible-Light, Zinc-Oxide 274 Title: Journal of Materials Research Full Journal Title: Journal of Materials Research ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mater. Res. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Mater Res ISSN: 0884-2914 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Materials Research Society Publisher Address: 506 Keystone Dr, Warrendale, PA 15086 Subject Categories: Materials Science, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 1.539, 20/170 (2001); Impact Factor 2.354, 26/175 (2006); Impact Factor 1.667, 72/214 (2009) ? Alam, M. and Sun, Q. (1993), The kinetics of chemical-vapor-deposited diamond-oxygen reaction. Journal of Materials Research, 8 (11), 2870-2878. Abstract: The kinetics of reaction between chemical vapor deposited diamond films (prepared by the hot filament method) and oxygen gas was studied by thermogravimetry. The reactions were carried out at atmospheric pressure in gas mixtures containing between 25 and 100 vol. % oxygen (balance argon), and in the temperature range of 973-1073 K. The apparent order of the reaction is close to 0.6, and the apparent activation energy is 232 kJ/mole. The kinetic data are explained by assuming no mass transfer limitations, direct reaction between CVD diamond and oxygen to form CO and CO2, and thermodynamic equilibrium between CVD diamond, CO, and CO2. The dominant chemical reaction involves the formation of CO, while the formation of CO2 is not significant. Three stage mechanistic schemes are developed involving adsorption of oxygen on CVD diamond surface, surface chemical reaction, and desorption of adsorbed species to CO or CO2. The experimental rate data conform to the reaction rate expressions developed for the mechanistic schemes leading to the formation of CO and CO2, assuming adsorption as the rate-controlling step. The adsorption rate constants for the formation of CO and CO2 are determined. The activation energy of the adsorption step leading to the formation of CO is 213 kJ/mole. Keywords: Thermogravimetric Analysis, Oxidation Behavior, Films, Graphite 275 Title: Journal of Materials Science Full Journal Title: Journal of Materials Science ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mater. Sci. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Mater Sci ISSN: 0022-2461 Issues/Year: 24 Language: English Journal Country/Territory: United States Publisher: Springer Publisher Address: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013 Subject Categories: Materials Science, Multidisciplinary: Impact Factor 0.999, 88/176 (2006); Impact Factor 1.471, 83/214 (2009) ? Sreenivasan, S., Iyer, P.B. and Iyer, K.R.K. (1996), Influence of delignification and alkali treatment on the fine structure of coir fibres (Cocos Nucifera). Journal of Materials Science, 31 (3), 721-726. Full Text: 1996\J Mat Sci31, 721.pdf Abstract: The present communication reports the effect of a softening treatment carried out with 18% NaOH on the fine structure and structure-property relations in coir fibres. The effect of successive removal of lignin and hemicelluloses on the fine structure has also been studied. Unlike other cellulosic fibres, alkali treatment failed to produce any increase in fibre elongation in coir. However, the spiral structure was found to be considerably modified by swelling. X-ray and infrared spectral measurements revealed that a part of the noncellulosic components does occupy the intracellular space and plays a significant role on fine structural changes produced during the alkali treatment. Keywords: Alkali Treatment, Behavior, Fibers ? Bastidas, J.M., Polo, J.L., Cano, E. and Torres, C.L. (2000), Tributylamine as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid. Journal of Materials Science, 35 (11), 2637-2642. Full Text: 2000\J Mat Sci35, 2637.pdf Abstract: The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 2 M hydrochloric acid solution by tributylamine has been investigated using the impedance technique. Tributylamine was studied in concentrations from 5×10-4 M to 1 M at a temperature of 298 K. The inhibitor mechanism was treated as a substitutional adsorption process according to Flory-Huggins, Dhar-Flory-Huggins and Bockris-Swinkels isotherms. The best approach was obtained using the latter. A structural parameter, the projected 276 molecular area of tributylamine, was calculated to elucidate inhibitor orientation in the adsorption process. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Keywords: Adsorption, Interface ? Thwe, M.M. and Liao, K. (2003), Environmental effects on bamboo-glass/polypropylene hybrid composites. Journal of Materials Science, 38 (2), 363-376. Full Text: 2003\J Mat Sci38, 363.pdf Abstract: The effects of environmental aging and accelerated aging on tensile and flexural behavior of bamboo fiber reinforced polypropylene composite (BFRP) and bamboo-glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composite (BGRP), all with a 30% (by mass) fiber content, were studied by exposing the samples in water at 25°C for up to 1600 h and at 75°C for up to 600 h. Reduction in tensile strength for BFRP and BGRP was 12.2% and 7.5%, respectively, after aging at 25°C for about 1200 h. Tensile and flexural strength of BFRP and BGRP were reduced by 32%, 11.7%, and 27%, 7.5% respectively, after aging at 75°C for 600 h. While the strengths of the bamboo fiber reinforced composites reduce with sorption time and temperature, the environmental degradation process can be delayed by adding a small amount of glass fiber. Moisture sorption and strength reduction are further suppressed by using maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent in both types of composite system. (C) 2003 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Keywords: Bamboo, Chemical Modification, Coupling Agent, Fiber-Reinforced Polypropylene, Mechanical-Properties, Sisal Fiber ? Thu, P.T.T., Thanh, T.T., Phi, H.N., Kim, S. and Vo, V. (2010), Adsorption of lead from water by thiol-functionalized SBA-15 silicas. Journal of Materials Science, 45 (11), 2952-2957. Full Text: 2010\J Mat Sci45, 2952.pdf Abstract: Thiol-functionalized mesoporous silicas have been synthesized by co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane and varying contents of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane in acidic medium with the block copolymer Pluronic 123 as a structure directing agent. Adsorption of lead in aqueous solution on the synthesized materials has been investigated. The adsorption data are fitted to Langmuir isotherms and a maximum adsorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir equation can reach 0.19 mmol of Pb/g. The stoichiometric ratio of S: Pb being 1:1 has been obtained for every adsorbent. The effect of the pH on lead adsorption, and desorption of lead on the lead-loaded materials have been studied. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Bentonite, Block Copolymer, Capacity, Copolymer, Copper, Data, Desorption, Equilibrium, Isotherms, Langmuir, Langmuir Equation, Langmuir Isotherms, Lead, Lead Adsorption, Mesoporous, Metal-Ions, Monolayers, Pb, pH, 277 Removal, SBA-15, Selective Adsorption, Silicas, Solution, Sorption, Structure, Temperature, Tetraethoxysilane, Water ? Zhao, Y.G., Shen, H.Y., Pan, S.D., Hu, M.Q. and Xia, Q.H. (2010), Preparation and characterization of amino-functionalized nano-Fe3O4 magnetic polymer adsorbents for removal of chromium(VI) ions. Journal of Materials Science, 45 (19), 5291-5301. Full Text: 2010\J Mat Sci45, 5291.PDF Abstract: Four kinds of NH2-functionalized nano magnetic polymer adsorbents (NH2-NMPs) coupled with different diamino groups, i.e., ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylentetramine (TETA), and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), named as EDA-NMPs, DETA-NMPs, TETA-NMPs, and TEPA-NMPs, respectively, have been prepared and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), elementary analyzer (EA), Brunauer, Emmett, Teller surface area analyzer (BET), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sorptive characteristics of the NH2-NMPs intended for removal of chromium(VI) was investigated. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to optimize adsorption conditions. The evaluation of the adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics was deeply investigated. The results showed the adsorptive properties of the NH2-NMPs were highly pH dependent. Adsorption of Cr(VI) reached equilibrium within 30 min. The data of adsorption kinetics obeyed pseudo-second-order rate mechanism well. The adsorption data for Cr(VI) onto NH2-NMPs were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacities (q (m)) of the NH2-NMPs to Cr(VI) were 136.98, 149.25, 204.08, 370.37 mg g-1, for EDA-NMPs, DETA-NMPs, TETA-NMPs, and TEPA-NMPs, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔH (theta), ΔS (theta), and ΔG (theta) for the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the NH2-NMPs have been estimated, which suggested that the adsorption processes of Cr(VI) onto the NH2-NMPs were endothermic and entropy favored in nature. The adsorption mechanism studies showed that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto the NH2-NMPs could be related with electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and coordination interactions. Keywords: Adsorbents, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacities, Adsorption Kinetics, Adsorption Mechanism, Adsorptive Properties, Aminated Polyacrylonitrile Fibers, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch Adsorption, BET, Characteristics, Characterization, Chromium(VI), Coordination, Cr(VI), Data, EDA, Electron Microscopy, Endothermic, Entropy, Equilibrium, Ethylenediamine, Evaluation, FTIR, Fungal Biomass, Heavy-Metals, Hexavalent Chromium, Industrial-Waste, Infrared Spectroscopy, Ion Exchange, Ion-Exchange, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, Magnetic, Mechanism, pH, pH-Dependent, Polymer, 278 Preparation, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Rate, Removal, Rice Bran, Selective Removal, Spectroscopy, Surface, Surface Area, TEM, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Thermodynamics, Transmission, Waste-Water, X-Ray, XRD 279 Title: Journal of Materials Science Letters Full Journal Title: Journal of Materials Science Letters ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mater. Sci. Lett. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Mater Sci Lett ISSN: 0261-8028 Issues/Year: 24 Journal Country/Territory: Netherlands Language: English Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publ Publisher Address: Spuiboulevard 50, PO Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Netherlands Subject Categories: Materials Science: Impact Factor ? Harris, T.M. and Knobbe, E.T. (1996), Assessment of porosity in sol-gel silica thin films by dye adsorption. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 15 (2), 153-155. Full Text: 1996\J Mat Sci Let15, 153.pdf Notes: MModel López, F.A., Pérez, C. and López-delgado, A. (1996), The adsorption of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution on blast furnace sludge. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 15 (15), 1310-1312. Full Text: J\J Mat Sci Let15, 1310.pdf ? Davila Jimenez, M.M., Elizalde Gonzalez, M.P., Pelaez Cid, A.A. and Rosas Juarez, A. (1997), Water and dye adsorption properties of cactaceous material. Journal of Materials Science Letters, 16 (13), 1145-1147. Full Text: J\J Mat Sci Let16, 1145.pdf 280 Title: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine Full Journal Title: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Wojcicki, J.M. and Heyman, M.B. (2011), Maternal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and risk for perinatal maternal depression. Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 24 (5), 680-686. Abstract: Objective. A systematic review was conducted to assess the possible association between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation and intake in the perinatal period and the risk of maternal perinatal depression. Methods. Two PUBMED searches and a BIOSIS Preview, a Web of Science and a PsychInfo search were conducted with the search terms ‘DHA, pregnancy and depression’ and ‘omega-3 fatty acids, pregnancy and depression’. Results. Ten articles - three longitudinal cohort studies, five randomized controlled trials and two pilot trials-that met selection criteria were reviewed. Six found no association, two found mixed results, and two found a positive association between omega-3 PUFAs and reduced incidence of maternal perinatal depression. The heterogeneity of results can be explained by dissimilar study designs, including differences in study duration, time period of measurement and number of participants, and in varied dosages and types of supplemental PUFAs. Some of the larger studies and those that found a positive effect were more likely to be using higher doses, close to 2 g of docosahexaeonic acid (DHA) + eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and began the supplementation earlier in pregnancy. Conclusions. Future RCTs to investigate the role of PUFA supplementation and risk for maternal perinatal depression should begin supplementation early in pregnancy and use a dosage closer to 2 g of DHA+EPA. Depression should also be measured using a diagnostic interview schedule in addition to a screener. Keywords: Birth, Cohort Studies, Depression, Dha, Disorder, Double-Blind, Fish Consumption, Maternal, Measurement, Methods, Omega-3, Perinatal, Perinatal 281 Depression, Placebo-Controlled Trial, Polyunsaturated Fatty-Acids, Postpartum Depression, Pregnancy, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Review, Risk, Science, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science 282 Title: Journal of Mathematical Chemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Mathematical Chemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Sekušak, S. and Sabljić, A. (1992), Soil sorption and chemical topology. Journal of Mathematical Chemistry, 11 (1-3), 271-280. Full Text: 1992\J Mat Che11, 271.pdf Abstract: This study was undertaken to test the ability of the molecular connectivity model to predict the soil sorption coefficients of polar organic compounds. Quantitative models, based on the first- and second-order molecular connectivity indices, were developed for estimating soil sorption coefficients of 65 polar compounds arranged into four classes by their functional groups: acetanilides, amides, dinitroanilines, and triazoles. Keywords: Adsorption, Coefficients, Connectivity, First, Functional Groups, Indexes, Indices, Model, Models, Molecular, Molecular Topology, Organic, Organic Compounds, Organic Pollutants, Second Order, Second-Order, Soil, Sorption 283 Title: Journal of Mathematical Sciences Full Journal Title: Journal of Mathematical Sciences ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1072-3374 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Morozov, O. (2006), Contact-equivalence problem for linear hyperbolic equations. Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 135 (1), 2680-2694. Full Text: 2006\J Mat Sci135, 2680.pdf Abstract: We consider the local equivalence problem for the class of linear second-order hyperbolic equations in two independent variables under an action of the pseudo-group of contact transformations. É. Cartan’s method is used for finding the Maurer-Cartan forms for symmetry groups of equations from the class and computing structure equations and complete sets of differential invariants for these groups. The solution of the equivalence problem is formulated in terms of these differential invariants. 284 Title: Journal of Mechanical Design Full Journal Title: Journal of Mechanical Design ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Papalambros, P.Y. (2009), First author. Journal of Mechanical Design, 131 (7), Article Number: 070201. Full Text: 2009\J Mec Des131, 070201.pdf Keywords: Design Engineering 285 Title: Journal of Media Economics Full Journal Title: Journal of Media Economics ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Chambers, T. (1998), Who’s on first? Studying the scholarly community of media economics. Journal of Media Economics, 11 (1), 1-12. Full Text: 1998\J Med Eco11, 1.pdf Abstract: This study examines the scholarly community of media economics. In particular, it focuses on the dissemination of ideas within the community. A citation analysis of The Journal of Media Economics indicated that media economists are using a core number of sources as references. The analysis reveals that the scholarly community of media economists is concentrating on general communications journals for the majority of scholarly information. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation, Citation Analysis, Communication, Core, Economics, Journals, Science 286 Title: Journal of Medical Biography Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Biography ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Biogr ISSN: 0967-7720 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Williams, P.O. (2002), The evolution of medical science: A biographical analysis. Journal of Medical Biography, 10 (3), 176-184 Keywords: Analysis, Evolution, Medical, Science 287 Title: Journal of Medical Entomology Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Entomology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Med. Entomol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Entomol ISSN: 0022-2585 Issues/Year: 6 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Entomol Soc Amer Publisher Address: 9301 Annapolis Rd, Lanham, MD 20706 Subject Categories: Entomology Veterinary Sciences: Impact Factor ? Reisen, W.K., Hardy, J.L. and Presser, S.B. (1997), Effects of water quality on the vector competence of Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae) for western equine encephalomyelitis (Togaviridae) and St. Louis encephalitis (Flaviviridae) viruses. Journal of Medical Entomology, 34 (6), 631-643. Full Text: J Med Ent34, 631.pdf Abstract: The effects of water quality during immature development on the vector competence of adult female Culex tarsalis Coquillett for western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses was evaluated during 6 field and 4 laboratory experiments. Immatures of the Bakersfield Field Station laboratory strain and the F1 progeny of field-collected females were reared in the field or laboratory and then infected by feeding on pledgets, after which remnants (head, thorax, abdomen), legs, and salivary secretions were tested for WEE or SLE virus to estimate infection, dissemination, and transmission rates, respectively. Although the salt content of the 6 larval habitats varied markedly (range, alkalinity 160-1, 310 ppm CaCO3, conductivity 460-7, 600 microns hos/cm, chlorides 22-1, 560 ppm) and significantly altered immature survival, development time, and female body size (wing length), consistent changes in infection, dissemination, or transmission rates were not observed. Susceptibility (ID50) to WEE virus in field strains decreased as a linear function of developmental time, with populations from a dry alkali lake bed (Goose Lake) least susceptible. Three subsequent laboratory experiments that tested the effects of rearing immatures in dilution series of water from Goose Lake failed to produce consistent within or among experiment patterns in vector competence. A 4th laboratory experiment tested changes in NaCl concentration with negative results. Changes in female size was not related to vector competence. These and previous temperature studies indicated that temporal changes 288 in vector competence observed within and among field populations probably were related to intrinsic genetic factors and were not related directly to extrinsic factors in the immature aquatic environment. Keywords: Culex Tarsalis, Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus, St. Louis Encephalitis Virus, Vector Competence, Water Quality, Aedes-Triseriatus Diptera, Larval Diet, Transmission, Infection, Mosquitos, Tritaeniorhynchus, Susceptibility, California, Valley 289 Title: Journal of Medical Ethics Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Ethics ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Internet Res ISSN: 1438-8871 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Sheikh, A. (2000), Publication ethics and the research assessment exercise: Reflections on the troubled question of authorship. Journal of Medical Ethics, 26 (6), 422-426. Full Text: J\J Med Eth26, 422.pdf Abstract: The research assessment exercise (RAE) forms the basis for determining the funding of higher education institutions in the UK. Monies are distributed according to a range of performance criteria, the most important of which is “research outputs”. Problems to do with publication misconduct, and in particular, issues of justice in attributing authorship, are endemic within the research community. It is here argued that the research assessment exercise currently makes no explicit attempt to address these concerns, and indeed, by focusing attention on research outputs, may actually be fostering such ethical problems. Keywords: Research Assessment Exercise, Publication Ethics, Authorship ? Pignatelli, B., Maisonneuve, H. and Chapuis, F. (2005), Authorship ignorance: Views of researchers in French clinical settings. Journal of Medical Ethics, 31 (10), 578-581. Full Text: 2005\J Med Eth31, 578.pdf Abstract: Objectives: To assess the knowledge and behaviour of researchers regarding criteria for authorship, and the practices of ghost and gift authorship. Design: Semidirective interviews of senior clinical researchers. Setting: University hospital. Participants: Thirty-nine main investigators of clinical research programmes. Main measurements: Awareness and use of International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship, and perceptions about ghost and gift authorship. Results: A total of 48 protocols submitted by 42 principal investigators between 1994 and 1996 were identified. Thirty- nine investigators were contacted; 37 (one of whom delegated a co-author) were interviewed between May 2002 and 290 March 2003. Two co-authors of two principal investigators were also interviewed. In all, 42 studies were represented. The interviews lasted for 40 - 90 minutes and were conducted with openness and respect for confidentiality. The choice of names of co-authors did not follow the ICMJE recommendations. Half of the respondents stated they were aware of criteria for authorship and knew of ICMJE, but most of them did not cite any of the ICMJE criteria among those they applied in deciding authorship. Most of them disagreed with the obligation to meet the three criteria justifying co-authorship because they found these too rigid and inapplicable. Gift authorship was a common practice; 59% of the respondents had been a recipient of gift authorship. Twenty-five (64%) were aware of ghost authorship and the majority considered it questionable and blameworthy. Conclusions: The ICMJE criteria were ignored by clinicians at a university hospital. Ghost and gift authorship were frequent among them. There is a need for French guidelines for authorship to be prepared and implemented. Keywords: Gift Authorship, International, Journals, Research ? Cohen, C., Vianna, J.A.R., Battistella, L.R. and Massad, E. (2008), Time variation of some selected topics in bioethical publications. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34 (2), 81-84. Full Text: 2008\J Med Eth34, 81.pdf Abstract: Objective: To analyse the time variation of topics in bioethical publications as a proxy of the relative importance. Methods: We searched the Medline database for bioethics publications using the words “ethics or bioethics”, and for 360 specific topics publications, associating Medical Subject Heading topic descriptors to those words. We calculated the ratio of bioethics publications to the total publications of Medline, and the ratio of each topic publications to the total bioethics publications, for five-year intervals, from 1970 to 2004. We calculated the time variation of ratios, dividing the difference between the highest and lowest ratio of each topic by its highest ratio. Four topics were described, selected to illustrate different patterns of variation: “Induced Abortion”, “Conflict of Interest”, “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome”, “Medical Education.” Results: The ratio of bioethics publications to total Medline publications increased from 0.003 to 0.012. The variation of the topic’s ratios was higher than 0.7 for 68% of the topics. The Induced Abortion ratios decreased from 0.12 to 0.02. Conflict of Interest ratios increased from zero to 0.07. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ratios were nearly zero in the first three intervals, had a peak of 0.06 during 1985-9, followed by a decrease to 0.01. Medical Education ratios varied few, from 0.04 to 0.03. Conclusions: There was an increase of bioethical publications in the Medline database. The topics in bioethics literature have an important time variation. Some factors were suggested to explain this variation: current legal cases, resolution of the issue, saturation of a discussion and 291 epidemiologic importance. Keywords: Aids Literature, Bibliometric Analysis, Bioethics, Database, Descriptors, Empirical-Research, Epidemiology, Journals, Literature, Medline, Publications ? Bryon, E., de Casterle, B.D. and Gastmans, C. (2008), Nurses’ attitudes towards artificial food or fluid administration in patients with dementia and in terminally ill patients: A review of the literature. Journal of Medical Ethics, 34 (6), 431-436. Full Text: 2008\J Med Eth34, 431.pdf Abstract: Objective: Although nurses have an important role in the care process surrounding artificial food or fluid administration in patients with dementia or in terminally ill patients, little is known about their attitudes towards this issue. The purpose of this study was to thoroughly examine nurses’ attitudes by means of a literature review. Method: An extensive systematic search of the electronic databases PubMed, Cinahl, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, FRANCIS, Philosopher’s Index and Social Sciences Citation Index was conducted to identify pertinent articles published from January 1990 to January 2007. Findings: Nurses’ arguments for or against could be categorised as ethical-legal, clinical or social-professional. The most important arguments explicitly for artificial food and fluid administration in patients with dementia or in terminally ill patients were sanctity of life, considering artificial food and fluid administration as basic nursing care, and giving reliable nutrition, hydration or medication. An explicit counter-argument was the high cost of treatment. Arguments used by opponents and proponents were quality of life and dignified death. The arguments were not strikingly different for the two patient populations. It turned out that the nurses’ ethical arguments remarkably reflected the current ethical debate. But some of their clinical presuppositions contradicted current clinical evidence. Conclusion: The interaction between clinical facts and ethical reflections makes the findings of this review extremely relevant for clinical ethics. A large need exists to clearly communicate to nurses the latest clinical evidence and the main results of ongoing ethical debates. Keywords: Administration, Attitudes, Care, Clinical, Clinical Ethics, Cost, Databases, Death, Dementia, Ethical, Ethics, Evidence, Food, Hydration, Interaction, Life, Literature, Literature Review, Nurses, Nursing, Nutrition, Patients, Populations, Psycinfo, Pubmed, Purpose, Quality, Quality of, Quality of Life, Review, Role, Sanctity of Life, Terminally Ill, Treatment ? Wager, E., Fiack, S., Graf, C., Robinson, A. and Rowlands, I. (2009), Science journal editors’ views on publication ethics: Results of an international survey. Journal of Medical Ethics, 35 (6), 348-353. Full Text: 2009\J Med Eth35, 348.pdf Abstract: Background: Breaches of publication ethics such as plagiarism, data fabrication and redundant publication are recognised as forms of research 292 misconduct that can undermine the scientific literature. We surveyed journal editors to determine their views about a range of publication ethics issues. Methods: Questionnaire sent to 524 editors-in-chief of Wiley-Blackwell science journals asking about the severity and frequency of 16 ethical issues at their journals, their confidence in handling such issues, and their awareness and use of guidelines. Results: Responses were obtained from 231 editors (44%), of whom 48% edited healthcare journals. The general level of concern about the 16 issues was low, with mean severity scores of <1 (on a scale of 0-3) for all but one. The issue of greatest concern (mean score 1.19) was redundant publication. Most editors felt confident in handling the issues, with <15% feeling “not at all confident” for all but one of the issues (gift authorship, 22% not confident). Most editors believed such problems occurred less than once a year and >20% of the editors stated that 12 of the 16 items never occurred at their journal. However, 13%-47% did not know the frequency of the problems. Awareness and use of guidelines was generally low. Most editors were unaware of all except other journals’ instructions. Conclusions: Most editors of science journals seem not very concerned about publication ethics and believe that misconduct occurs only rarely in their journals. Many editors are unfamiliar with available guidelines but would welcome more guidance or training. Keywords: Accounting Publishing Process, Authors, Gift Authorship, Publication, Research, Research Integrity ? Nilstun, T., Lofmark, R. and Lundqvist, A. (2010), Scientific dishonesty questionnaire to doctoral students in Sweden. Journal of Medical Ethics, 36 (5), 315-318. Full Text: 2010\J Med Eth36, 315.pdf Abstract: ‘Scientific dishonesty’ implies the fabrication, falsification or plagiarism in proposing, performing or reviewing research or in reporting research results. A questionnaire was given to postgraduate students at the medical faculties in Sweden who attended a course in research ethics during the academic year 2008/2009 and 58% answered (range 29%-100%). Less than one-third of the respondents wrote that they had heard about scientific dishonesty in the previous 12 months. Pressure, concerning in what order the author should be mentioned, was reported by about 1 in 10 students. We suggest that all departments conducting research should have a written policy about acceptable research behaviour and that all doctoral students should be informed of the content of this policy. Participants in the research groups concerned should also be required to analyse published articles about scientific dishonesty and critically discuss what could be done about unethical conduct. Keywords: Ethics, Misconduct, National-Survey, Perspective, Plagiarism, Policy, Publication Ethics, Questionnaire, Reflections, Research, Reviewing, Students ? Taradi, S.K., Taradi, M., Knezevic, T. and Dogas, Z. (2010), Students come to medical schools prepared to cheat: A multi-campus investigation. Journal of Medical 293 Ethics, 36 (11), 666-670. Full Text: 2010\J Med Eth36, 666.pdf Abstract: Objectives To investigate high school cheating experiences and attitudes towards academic misconduct of freshmen at all four medical schools in Croatia, as a post-communist country in transition, with intention of raising awareness of academic (dis) honesty. Design and method Students were given an anonymous questionnaire containing 22 questions on the atmosphere of integrity at their high school, self-reported educational dishonesty, their evaluation of cheating behaviour, and on their expectations about the atmosphere of integrity at their university. Setting All schools of medicine of Croatian universities (Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek). Main measures Descriptive statistics and differences in students’ self-reported educational dishonesty, perception of cheating behaviour, and perception of the high school integrity atmosphere. Results Of the 761 freshmen attending the four medical schools, 508 (67%) completed the questionnaire: 481 Croatian and 27 international students. Of the Croatian respondents, almost all (> 99%) self-reported engaging in at least one behaviour of educational dishonesty, and 78% of respondents admitted to having frequently cheated in at least one form of assessed academic misconduct. Only three students admitted to having reported another student for cheating. For most of the questions, there was no significant difference in the responses among Croatian students. However, significant differences were found in most responses between Croatian students and their international counterparts, who were significantly less likely to engage in dishonest behaviours. No individual factor was found to correlate with the incidence of self-admitted dishonest behaviour. Frequent cheaters evaluated academic dishonesty significantly more leniently than those who did not cheat. Conclusion Academic dishonesty of university students does not begin in higher education; students come to medical schools ready to cheat. Keywords: Academic Dishonesty, Academic Misconduct, Attitudes, Cheating, Contextual Influences, Education, Higher Education, Misconduct, Perception, Plagiarism, Questionnaire, Statistics, Students, Unethical Behavior ? Steen, R.G. (2011), Retractions in the scientific literature: Is the incidence of research fraud increasing? Journal of Medical Ethics, 37 (4), 249-253. Full Text: 2011\J Med Eth37, 249.pdf Abstract: Background Scientific papers are retracted for many reasons including fraud (data fabrication or falsification) or error (plagiarism, scientific mistake, ethical problems). Growing attention to fraud in the lay press suggests that the incidence of fraud is increasing. Methods The reasons for retracting 742 English language research papers retracted from the PubMed database between 2000 and 2010 were evaluated. Reasons for retraction were initially dichotomised as fraud or error and then analysed to determine specific reasons for retraction. Results Error was more 294 common than fraud (73.5% of papers were retracted for error (or an undisclosed reason) vs 26.6% retracted for fraud). Eight reasons for retraction were identified; the most common reason was scientific mistake in 234 papers (31.5%), but 134 papers (18.1%) were retracted for ambiguous reasons. Fabrication (including data plagiarism) was more common than text plagiarism. Total papers retracted per year have increased sharply over the decade (r=0.96; p < 0.001), as have retractions specifically for fraud (r=0.89; p < 0.001). Journals now reach farther back in time to retract, both for fraud (r=0.87; p < 0.001) and for scientific mistakes (r=0.95; p < 0.001). Journals often fail to alert the naive reader; 31.8% of retracted papers were not noted as retracted in any way. Conclusions Levels of misconduct appear to be higher than in the past. This may reflect either a real increase in the incidence of fraud or a greater effort on the part of journals to police the literature. However, research bias is rarely cited as a reason for retraction. Keywords: Bias, Data Fabrication, Fraud, Journals, Literature, Misconduct, Papers, Plagiarism, PUBMED, Research, Trials 295 Title: Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Jargin, S.V. (2010), Plagiarism in radiology: A substitute for importation of foreign handbooks. Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology, 54 (1), 50-52. Full Text: 2006\J Med Ima Rad Onc54, 50.pdf Keywords: Plagiarism 296 Title: Journal of Medical Internet Research Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Internet Research ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Internet Res ISSN: 1438-8871 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Hernández-Borges, A.A., Macías-Cervi, P., Gaspar-Guardado, M.A., Torres-Álvarez de Arcaya, M.L., Ruiz-Rabaza, A. and Jiménez-Sosa, A. (1999), Can examination of WWW usage statistics and other indirect quality indicators help to distinguish the relative quality of medical websites? Journal of Medical Internet Research, 1 (1), e1. Full Text: 1999\J Med Int Res1, e1.pdf ABSTRACT: Background: The Internet offers a great amount of health related websites, but concern has been raised about their reliability. Several subjective evaluation criteria and websites rating systems have been proposed as a help for the Internet users to distinguish among web resources with different quality, but their efficacy has not been proven. Objective: To evaluate the agreement of a subset of Internet rating systems editorial boards regarding their evaluations of a sample of pediatric websites. To evaluate certain websites characteristics as possible quality indicators for pediatric websites. Methods: Comparative survey of the results of systematic evaluations of the contents and formal aspects of a sample of pediatric websites, with the number of daily visits to those websites, the time since their last update, the impact factor of their authors or editors, and the number of websites linked to them. Results: 363 websites were compiled from eight rating systems. Only 25 were indexed and evaluated by at least two rating systems. This subset included more updated and more linked websites. There was no correlation among the results of the evaluation of these 25 websites by the rating systems. The number of inbound links to the websites significantly correlated with their updating frequency (p<.001), with the number of daily visits (p=.005), and with the results of their evaluation by the largest rating system, HealthAtoZ (p<.001). The websites updating frequency also significantly correlated with the results of the websites evaluation by HealthAtoZ, both about their contents (p=.001) and their total values (p<.05). The number of daily 297 visits significantly correlated (p<.05) with the results of the evaluations by Medical Matrix. Conclusions: Some websites characteristics as the number of daily visits, their updating frequency and, overall, the number of websites linked to them, correlate with their evaluation by some of the largest rating systems on the Internet, what means that certain indexes obtained from the usage analysis of pediatric websites could be used as quality indicators. On the other hand, the citation analysis on the Web by the quantification of inbound links to medical websites could be an objective and feasible tool in rating great amounts of websites. Keywords: Health Education, Information Systems, Computer Communication Networks, Internet, Bibliometrics, Cybermetrics, Web Metrics, Webometrics ? Cui, L. (1999), Rating health web sites using the principles of citation analysis: A bibliometric approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 1 (1), e4. Full Text: 1999\J Med Int Res1, e4.pdf Abstract: The rapid growth in the number of health care related web sites necessitates that medical librarians be able to evaluate the quality of the web sites. By analysing the linked sources medical libraries web pages of nineteen of the top U.S. medical schools, this study used the citation analysis method. What was found with this bibliometric approach was a set of 78 most highly cited WWW sites out of thousands of cited links. The identification of the current, core section of health sciences related web sites with a bibliometric method gives librarians and information scientists another approach for evaluating web sites. ? Oh, H., Rizo, C., Enkin, M. and Jadad, A. (2005), What is eHealth (3): A systematic review of published definitions. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 7 (1), Article Number: e1. Full Text: 2005\J Med Int Res7, e1.pdf Abstract: Context: The term eHealth is widely used by many individuals, academic institutions, professional bodies, and funding organizations. It has become an accepted neologism despite the lack of an agreed-upon clear or precise definition. We believe that communication among the many individuals and organizations that use the term could be improved by comprehensive data about the range of meanings encompassed by the term. Objective: To report the results of a systematic review of published, suggested, or proposed definitions of eHealth. Data Sources: Using the search query string “eHealth” OR “e-Health” OR “electronic health”, we searched the following databases: MEDLINE and PreMEDLINE (1966-June 2004), EMBASE (1980-May 2004), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2004), Web of Science (all years), Information Sciences Abstracts (1966-May 2004), Library Information Sciences Abstracts (1969-May 2004), and Wilson Business Abstracts (1982-March 2004). In addition, we searched dictionaries and an Internet search engine. Study Selection: We included any source published in either print format or 298 on the Internet, available in English, and containing text that defines or attempts to define eHealth in explicit terms. Two of us independently reviewed titles and abstracts of citations identified in the bibliographic databases and Internet search, reaching consensus on relevance by discussion. Data Extraction: We retrieved relevant reports, articles, references, letters, and websites containing definitions of eHealth. Two of us qualitatively analyzed the definitions and coded them for content, emerging themes, patterns, and novel ideas. Data Synthesis: The 51 unique definitions that we retrieved showed a wide range of themes, but no clear consensus about the meaning of the term eHealth. We identified 2 universal themes (health and technology) and 6 less general (commerce, activities, stakeholders, outcomes, place, and perspectives). Conclusions: The widespread use of the term eHealth suggests that it is an important concept, and that there is a tacit understanding of its meaning. This compendium of proposed definitions may improve communication among the many individuals and organizations that use the term. Keywords: Activities, Bibliographic, Bibliographic Databases, Citations, Communication, Databases, Definitions, Ehealth, Embase, Extraction, Funding, Information Services, Internet, Medical Informatics, Outcomes, Professional, Review, Science, Sources, Systematic, Systematic Review, Telemedicine, Web of Science, Websites ? Eysenbach, G. (2006), The open access advantage. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 8 (2), Article Number: e8. Full Text: 2006\J Med Int Res8, e8.pdf Abstract: A study published today in PLoS Biology provides robust evidence that open-access articles are more immediately recognized and cited than non-OA articles. This editorial provides some additional follow up data from the most recent analysis of the same cohort in April 2006, 17 to 21 months after publication. These data suggest that the citation gap between open access and non-open access papers continues to widen. I conclude with the observation that the “open access advantage” has at least three components: (1) a citation count advantage (as a metric for knowledge uptake within the scientific community), (2) an end user uptake advantage, and (3) a cross-discipline fertilization advantage. More research is needed, and JMIR is inviting research on all aspects of open access. As the advantages for publishing open access from a researchers’ point of view become increasingly clear, questions around the sustainability of open access joumals remain. This journal is a living example that “lean publishing” models can create successful open access journals. Open source tools which have been developed by the Public Knowledge Project at the University of British Columbia with contributions from the Epublishing & Open Access group at the Centre for Global eHealth Innovation in Toronto are an alternative to hosting joumals on commercial open access publisher 299 sites. Keywords: Access, Analysis, Bibliometrics, Citation, Journals, Knowledge, Knowledge Translation, Open Access, Open Source, Papers, Publication, Publishing, Research, Sustainability, University ? van den Berg, M.H., Schoones, J.W. and Vlieland, T.P.M.V. (2007), Internet-based physical activity interventions: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 9 (3), Article Number: e26. Full Text: 2007\J Med Int Res9, e26.pdf Abstract: Background: Nowadays people are extensively encouraged to become more physically active. The Internet has been brought forward as an effective tool to change physical activity behavior. However, little is known about the evidence regarding such Internet-based interventions. Objective: The aim of the study was to systematically a assess the methodological quality and the effectiveness of interventions designed to promote physical activity by means of the Internet as evaluated by randomized controlled trials. Methods: A literature search was conducted up to July 2006 using the databases PUBMED, Web of Science, EMBASE PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library. Only randomized controlled trials describing the effectiveness of an Internet-based intervention, with the promotion of physical activity among adults being one of its major goals, were included. Data extracted included source and year of publication, country of origin, targeted health behaviors, participants’ characteristics, characteristics of the intervention, and effectiveness data. In addition, the methodological quality was assessed. Results: The literature search resulted in 10 eligible studies of which five met at least nine out of 13 general methodological criteria. The majority of the interventions were tailored to the characteristics of the participants and used interactive self-monitoring and feedback tools. Six studies used one or more theoretical models to compose the contents of the interventions. One study used an objective measure to assess the amount of physical activity (activity monitor), and six studies used multiple subjective measures of physical activity. Furthermore, FONT half of the studies employed SIZE measures of physical fitness M other than physical activity. FA I In three studies, an Internet-based physical activity intervention was compared DONATION with a waiting list group. of Support these three studies, two reported a significantly greater improvement in physical activity levels in the Internet-based intervention than in the control group. Seven studies compared two types of Internet-based physical activity interventions in which the main difference was either the intensity of contact between the participants and supervisors (4 studies) or the type of treatment procedures applied (3 studies). In one of these studies, a significant effect in (sic) with more supervisor contact was seen. Conclusions: There is indicative evidence that Internet-based physical activity interventions are more 300 effective than a waiting list strategy. The added value of specific components of Internet-based physical activity interventions such as increased supervisor contact, tailored information, or theoretical fidelity, remains to be established. Methodological quality as well as the type of physical activity outcome measure varied, stressing the need for standardization of these measures. Keywords: Activity Promotion, Adults, Behaviour Change, Cochrane, Consumer Health Informatics, Control, Coronary-Heart-Disease, Databases, Donation, Effectiveness, Embase, Exercise, FA, Feedback, Health, Information, Internet, Intervention, Interventions, Literature, Method Guidelines, Methods, Outcome, Physical Activity, Program, Promotion, Publication, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized-Trial, Review, Rheumatoid-Arthritis, Science, Size, Strategy, Systematic, Systematic Review, Technology, Treatment, Web of Science, Weight-Loss ? Verhoeven, F., van Gemert-Pijnen, L., Dijkstra, K., Nijland, N.N., Seydel, E. and Steehouder, M. (2007), The contribution of teleconsultation and videoconferencing to diabetes care: A systematic literature review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 9 (5), Article Number: e37. Full Text: 2007\J Med Int Res9, e37.pdf Abstract: Background: A systematic literature review was carried out to study the benefits of teleconsultation and videoconferencing on the multifaceted process of diabetes care. Previous reviews focused primarily on usability of technology and considered mainly one-sided interventions. Objective: The objective was to determine the benefits and deficiencies of teleconsultation and videoconferencing regarding clinical, behavioral, and care coordination outcomes of diabetes care. Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, PiCarta, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, Telemedicine Information Exchange, ISI Web of Science, Google Scholar) were searched for relevant publications. The contribution to diabetes care was examined for clinical outcomes (eg, HbA(1c), blood pressure, quality of life), behavioral outcomes (patient-caregiver interaction, self-care), and care coordination outcomes (usability of technology, cost-effectiveness, transparency of guidelines, equity of care access). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with HbA(1c) as an outcome were pooled using standard meta-analytical methods. Results: of 852 publications identified, 39 met the inclusion criteria for electronic communication between (groups of) caregivers and patients with type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes. Studies that evaluated teleconsultation or videoconferencing not particularly aimed at diabetes were excluded, as were those that described interventions aimed solely at clinical improvements (eg, HbA(1c)). There were 22 interventions related to teleconsultation, 13 to videoconferencing, and 4 to combined teleconsultation and videoconferencing. The heterogeneous nature of the identified videoconferencing 301 studies did not permit a formal meta-analysis. Pooled results from the six RCTs of the identified teleconsultation studies did not show a significant reduction in HbA(1c) (0.03%, 95% CI = -0.31% to 0.24%) compared to usual care. There was no significant statistical heterogeneity among the pooled RCTs (X(7)(2)=7.99, P=.33). It can be concluded that in the period under review (1994-2006) 39 studies had a scope broader than clinical outcomes and involved interventions allowing patient-caregiver interaction. Most of the reported improvements concerned satisfaction with technology (26/39 studies), improved metabolic control (21/39), and cost reductions (16/39). Improvements in quality of life (6/39 studies), transparency (5/39), and better access to care (4/39) were hardly observed. Teleconsultation programs involving daily monitoring of clinical data, education, and personal feedback proved to be most successful in realizing behavioral change and reducing costs. The benefits of videoconferencing were mainly related to its effects on socioeconomic factors such as education and cost reduction, but also on monitoring disease. Additionally, videoconferencing seemed to maintain quality of care while producing cost savings. Conclusions: The selected studies suggest that both teleconsultation and videoconferencing are practical, cost-effective, and reliable ways of delivering a worthwhile health care service to diabetics. However, the diversity in study design and reported findings makes a strong conclusion premature. To further the contribution of technology to diabetes care, interactive systems should be developed that integrate monitoring and personalized feedback functions. Keywords: Blood, Blood Pressure, Chronic Diseases, Communication, Consultation, Contribution, Control, Cost-Effectiveness, Costs, Databases, Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease, Education, Feedback, Gestational Diabetes, Glycemic Control, Google Scholar, Guidelines, Health Care, Health-Care, Interventions, Isi, Literature, Literature Review, Management, Meta-Analysis, Methods, Monitoring, Outcome, Outcomes, Pressure, Program, Project, Publications, Quality of Care, Quality of Life, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Review, Science, Services, Socioeconomic Factors, Statistical, Systematic, Systematic Literature Review, Telecare, Teleconsultation, Telehealth, Telemedicine, Telemedicine Support, Type 1, Type 2, Videoconferencing, Web of Science ? White, A., Kavanagh, D., Stallman, H., Klein, B., Kay-Lambkin, F., Proudfoot, J., Drennan, J., Connor, J., Baker, A., Hines, E. and Young, R. (2010), Online alcohol interventions: A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 12 (5), Article Number: e62. Full Text: 2010\J Med Int Res12, e62.pdf ? Abstract: Background: There has been a significant increase in the availability of online programs for alcohol problems. A systematic review of the research evidence underpinning these programs is timely. Objectives: Our objective was to review the 302 efficacy of online interventions for alcohol misuse. Systematic searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus were conducted for English abstracts (excluding dissertations) published from 1998 onward. Search terms were: (1) Internet, Web*; (2) online, computer*; (3) alcohol*; and (4) E\effect*, trial*, random* (where * denotes a wildcard). Forward and backward searches from identified papers were also conducted. Articles were included if (1) the primary intervention was delivered and accessed via the Internet, (2) the intervention focused on moderating or stopping alcohol consumption, and (3) the study was a randomized controlled trial of an alcohol-related screen, assessment, or intervention. Results: The literature search initially yielded 31 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 17 of which met inclusion criteria. of these 17 studies, 12 (70.6%) were conducted with university students, and 11 (64.7%) specifically focused on at-risk, heavy, or binge drinkers. Sample sizes ranged from 40 to 3216 (median 261), with 12 (70.6%) studies predominantly involving brief personalized feedback interventions. Using published data, effect sizes could be extracted from 8 of the 17 studies. In relation to alcohol units per week or month and based on 5 RCTs where a measure of alcohol units per week or month could be extracted, differential effect sizes to posttreatment ranged from 0.02 to 0.81 (mean 0.42, median 0.54). Pre-post effect sizes for brief personalized feedback interventions ranged from 0.02 to 0.81, and in 2 multi-session modularized interventions, a pre-post effect size of 0.56 was obtained in both. Pre-post differential effect sizes for peak blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) ranged from 0.22 to 0.88, with a mean effect size of 0.66. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that users can benefit from online alcohol interventions and that this approach could be particularly useful for groups less likely to access traditional alcohol-related services, such as women, young people, and at-risk users. However, caution should be exercised given the limited number of studies allowing extraction of effect sizes, the heterogeneity of outcome measures and follow-up periods, and the large proportion of student-based studies. More extensive RCTs in community samples are required to better understand the efficacy of specific online alcohol approaches, program dosage, the additive effect of telephone or face-to-face interventions, and effective strategies for their dissemination and marketing. Keywords: Alcohol, Alcohol Consumption, Articles, Assessment, Blood, College-Students, Dissemination, Drugs, Efficacy, Feedback, Follow-Up, Hazardous Drinking, High-Risk Drinking, Internet, Intervention, Interventions, Literature, Online Information, Online Treatment, Outcome, Papers, Personalized Normative Feedback, Physical Health, Prevention Intervention, Primary, Problem Drinkers, Randomized Controlled Trial, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Review, Science, Scopus, Students, Systematic, Systematic Review, Traditional, University, University-Students, Use Disorders, 303 Web of Science, Web-Based Interventions, Website Interactivity, Women ? Brouwer, W., Kroeze, W., Crutzen, R., de Nooijer, J., de Vries, N.K., Brug, J. and Oenema, A. (2011), Which intervention characteristics are related to more exposure to internet-delivered healthy lifestyle promotion interventions? A systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13 (1), 23-41. Full Text: 2011\J Med Int Res13, 23.pdf Abstract: Background: The Internet has become a popular medium for the delivery of tailored healthy lifestyle promoting interventions. The actual reach of Internet-delivered interventions seems, however, lower than expected, and attrition from interventions is generally high. Characteristics of an intervention, such as personally tailored feedback and goal setting, are thought to be among the important factors related to of use of and exposure to interventions. However, there is no systematic overview of which characteristics of Internet-delivered interventions may be related to more exposure. Objective: The present study aims to identify (1) which potentially exposure-promoting methods and strategies are used in existing Internet interventions, (2) which objective outcome measures are used to measure exposure to Internet interventions, and (3) which potentially exposure-promoting methods and strategies are associated with better exposure. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted based on the Cochrane guidelines. Papers published between 1995 and 2009 were searched in the PUBMED, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases. In total, 64 studies were included that reported objective exposure measures such as completion of an initial visit, number of log-ins, and time spent on the website. Information about intervention-related characteristics (ie, interactive behavior change strategies, interactive elements for fun, peer or counsel support, email/phone contact, and regular updates of the website) that could potentially contribute to better exposure and objective exposure outcomes were abstracted from the studies and qualitative systematic descriptive analyses were performed. Results: The results showed that a large variety of behavior change techniques and other exposure-promoting elements were used in the interventions and that these methods and strategies varied for the various lifestyle behaviors. Feedback, interactive elements, and email/phone contact were used most often. In addition, there was much variety and a lack of consistency in the exposure measures that were reported. of all the categories of intervention characteristics that may be associated with better exposure, there were indications that peer and counselor support result in a longer website visit and that email/phone contact and updates of the website result in more log-ins. Conclusions: Results of this qualitative systematic review indicate that of all intervention characteristics that could potentially enhance exposure, only peer support, counselor support, email/phone contact with visitors, and updates of the intervention website were related to better exposure. The diversity of intervention 304 methods used and the inconsistency in the report of exposure measures prevented us from drawing firmer conclusions. More research is needed to identify whether other characteristics of Internet interventions are associated with greater exposure. Keywords: Behavior Change, Behavior-Change, Cochrane, Computer, Databases, Excessive Alcohol-Consumption, Exposure, Feedback, Guidelines, Internet, Internet Intervention, Intervention, Interventions, Literature, Mediterranean Diet, Methods, Nutrition Education, Outcome, Outcomes, Overview, Physical-Activity Intervention, Pubmed, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Review, Science, Smoking-Cessation Program, Systematic, Systematic Review, Web of Science, Web-Based Intervention, Weight-Loss Program ? Lau, P.W.C., Lau, E.Y., Wong, D.P. and Ransdell, L. (2011), A systematic review of information and communication technology-based interventions for promoting physical activity behavior change in children and adolescents. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13 (3), Article Number: e48. Full Text: 2011\J Med Int Res13, e48.pdf Abstract: Background: A growing body of research has employed information and communication technologies (ICTs) such as the Internet and mobile phones for disseminating physical activity (PA) interventions with young populations. Although several systematic reviews have documented the effects of ICT-based interventions on PA behavior, very few have focused on children and adolescents specifically. Objectives: The present review aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and methodological quality of ICT-based PA interventions for children and adolescents based on evidence from randomized controlled trials. Methods: Electronic databases Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve English language articles published in international academic peer-reviewed journals from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2009. Included were articles that provided descriptions of interventions designed to improve PA-related cognitive, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes and that used randomized controlled trial design, included only children (6-12 years old) and adolescents (13-18 years old) in both intervention and control groups, and employed Internet, email, and, or short message services (SMS, also known as text messaging) as one or more major or assistive modes to deliver the intervention. Results: In total, 9 studies were analyzed in the present review. All studies were published after 2000 and conducted in Western countries. of the 9 studies, 7 demonstrated positive and significant within-group differences in at least one psychosocial or behavioral PA outcome. In all, 3 studies reported positive and significant between-group differences favoring the ICT group. When between-group differences were compared across studies, effect sizes were small in 6 studies and large in 3 studies. With respect to methodological quality, 7 of the 9 studies had good methodological quality. Failure to report allocation concealment, 305 blinding to outcome assessment, and lack of long-term follow-up were the criteria met by the fewest studies. In addition, 5 studies measured the intervention exposure rate and only 1 study employed objective measures to record data. Conclusion: The present review provides evidence supporting the positive effects of ICTs in PA interventions for children and adolescents, especially when used with other delivery approaches (ie, face-to-face). Because ICT delivery approaches are often mixed with other approaches and these studies sometimes lack a comparable control group, additional research is needed to establish the true independent effects of ICT as an intervention delivery mode. Although two-thirds of the studies demonstrated satisfactory methodological quality, several quality criteria should be considered in future studies: clear descriptions of allocation concealment and blinding of outcome assessment, extension of intervention duration, and employment of objective measures in intervention exposure rate. Due to the small number of studies that met inclusion criteria and the lack of consistent evidence, researchers should be cautious when interpreting the findings of the present review. Keywords: Adolescents, Assessment, Behavior, Children, Communication, Control, Control Groups, Databases, Design, Differences, Efficacy, Ehealth Interventions, Email, Employment, English, Exposure, Follow-Up, Health Communication, Information, Internet, Internet-Delivered Interventions, Intervention, Interventions, Journals, Mass-Media, Medline, Methods, Nutrition, Of-The-Literature, Outcome, Outcomes, Physical Activity, Preventive Medicine, Print Media, Psychosocial, Randomized Controlled Trial, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized Controlled-Trial, Research, Researchers, Review, Science, Systematic, Systematic Review, Systematic Reviews, Text Messages, Web of Science, Weight-Loss 306 Title: Journal of the Medical Library Association Full Journal Title: Bulletin of the Medical Library Association Vols. 1 to 89; 1911 to 2001 Full Journal Title: Journal of the Medical Library Association; Journal of the Medical Library Association Vols. 90 to; 2002 to ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Med. Libr. Assoc. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Libr Assoc ISSN: 1536-5050 Issues/Year: 4 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Medical Library Assoc Publisher Address: 65 East Wacker Place, Ste 1900, Chicago, IL 60601-7298 Subject Categories: Information Science & Library Science: Impact Factor 0.920, 17/54 (2004) SSCI ? Gault, L.V., Shultz, M. and Davies, K.J. (2002), Variations in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) mapping: From the natural language of patron terms to the controlled vocabulary of mapped lists. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 90 (2), 173-180. Full Text: 2002\J Med Lib Ass90, 180.pdf Abstract: Objectives: This study compared the mapping of natural language patron terms to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) across six MeSH interfaces for the MEDLINE database. Methods: Test data were obtained from search requests submitted by patrons to the Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, over a nine-month period. Search request statements were parsed into separate terms or phrases. Using print sources from the National Library of Medicine, Each parsed patron term was assigned corresponding MeSH terms, Each patron term was entered into each of the selected interfaces to determine how effectively they mapped to MeSH. Data were collected for mapping success, accessibility of MeSH term within mapped list, and total number of MeSH choices within each list. Results: The selected MEDLINE interfaces do not map the same patron term in the same way, nor do they consistently lead to what is considered the appropriate MeSH term. Keywords: Data, Database, Illinois, Interfaces, Lead, Mapping, Medline, Postings, Sources, System, Term, User Persistence ? Darmoni, S.J., Roussel, F. and Benichou, J. (2002), Reading factor: A new bibliometric criterion for managing digital libraries. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 90 (3), 323-327. 307 Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass90, 323.pdf Keywords: Impact Factor, Journal Use Ruiz-Perez, R., Lopez-Cozar, E.D. and Jimenez-Contreras, E. (2002), Spanish personal name variations in national and international biomedical databases: Implications for information retrieval and bibliometric studies. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 90 (4), 411-430. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass90, 411.pdf Abstract: Objectives: The study sought to investigate how Spanish names are handled by national and international databases and to identify mistakes that can undermine the usefulness of these databases for locating and retrieving works by Spanish authors. Methods: The authors sampled 172 articles published by authors from the University of Granada Medical School between 1987 and 1996 and analyzed the variations in how each of their names was indexed in Science Citation Index (SCI), MEDLINE, and indice M6dico Espanol (IME). The number and types of variants that appeared for each author’s name were recorded and compared across databases to identify inconsistencies in indexing practices. We analyzed the relationship between variability (number of variants of an author’s name) and productivity (number of items the name was associated with as an author), the consequences for retrieval of information, and the most frequent indexing structures used for Spanish names. Results: The proportion of authors who appeared under more then one name was 48.1% in SCI, 50.7% in MEDLINE, and 69.0% in IME. Productivity correlated directly with variability: more than 50% of the authors listed on five to ten items appeared under more than one name in any given database, and close to 100% of the authors listed on more than ten items appeared under two or more variants. Productivity correlated inversely with retrievability: as the number of variants for a name increased, the number of items retrieved under each variant decreased. For the most highly productive authors, the number of items retrieved under each variant tended toward one. The most frequent indexing methods varied between databases. In MEDLINE and IME, names were indexed correctly as “first surname second surname, first name initial middle name initial” (if present) in 41.7% and 49.5% of the records, respectively. However, in SCI, the most frequent method was “first surname, first name initial second name initial” (48.0% of the records) and first surname and second surname run together, first name initial (18.3%). Conclusions: Retrievability on the basis of author’s name was poor in all three databases. Each database uses accurate indexing methods, but these methods fail to result in consistency or coherence for specific’. entries. The likely causes of inconsistency are: (1) use by authors of variants of their names during their publication careers, (2) lack of authority control in all three databases, (3) the use of 308 an inappropriate indexing method for Spanish names in SCI, (4) authors’ inconsistent behaviors, and (5) possible editorial interventions by some journals. We offer some suggestions as to how to avert the proliferation of author name variants in the databases. Keywords: Author, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Biomedical, Careers, Database, Errors, First, Information, Information Retrieval, International, Journals, Medline, Methods, Publication, Quality, Records, SCI, Science Citation Index, Science-Citation-Index, Standardization, Variability Evans, D. (2002), Database searches for qualitative research. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 90 (3), 290-293. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass90, 290.pdf Abstract: Interest in the role of qualitative research in evidence-based health care is growing. However, the methods currently used to identify quantitative research do not translate easily to qualitative research. This paper highlights some of the difficulties during searches of electronic databases for qualitative research. These difficulties relate to the descriptive nature of the titles used in some qualitative studies, the variable information provided in abstracts, and the differences in the indexing of these studies across databases. Keywords: Evidence Based Medicine, Structured Abstracts, Controlled Trials, Medline, Strategy, Illness ? Knecht, L.W.S. and Nelson, S.J. (2002), Mapping in PubMed. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 90 (4), 475. Full Text: 2002\J Med Lib Ass90, 475.pdf Keywords: PubMed Frank, M. (2003), Impact factors: Arbiter of excellence? Journal of the Medical Library Association, 91 (1), 4-6. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass91, 4.pdf Keywords: Journals Hull, E. (2003), “Mapping the Literature” useful for collection development. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 91 (1), 11. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass91, 11.pdf Saha, S., Saint, S. and Christakis, D.A. (2003), Impact Factor: A valid measure of journal quality? Journal of the Medical Library Association, 91 (1), 42-46. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass91, 42.pdf Abstract: Objectives: Impact Factor, an index based on the frequency with which a journal’s articles are cited in scientific publications, is a putative marker of journal quality. However, empiric studies on impact factor’s validity as an indicator of quality are lacking. The authors assessed the validity of impact factor as a measure of quality for general medical journals by testing its association with journal quality as 309 rated by clinical practitioners and researchers. Methods: We surveyed physicians specializing in internal medicine in the United States, randomly sampled from the American Medical Associations Physician Masterfile (practitioner group, n = 113) and from a list of graduates from a national postdoctoral training program in clinical and health services research (research group, n = 151). Respondents rated the quality of nine general medical journals, and we assessed the correlation between these ratings and the journals’ impact factors. Results: The correlation between impact factor and physicians’ ratings of journal quality was strong (r2 = 0.82, P = 0.001). The correlation was higher for the research group (r2 = 0.83, P = 0.001) than for the practitioner group (r2 = 0.62, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Impact Factor may be a reasonable indicator of quality for general medical journals. Andrews, J.E. (2003), An author co-citation analysis of medical informatics. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 91 (1), 47-56. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass91, 47.pdf Abstract: Objective: This study presents the results of an author co-citation analysis of the interdisciplinary field of medical informatics. Methods: An author co-citation analysis was conducted for the years 1994 to 1998, using the fifty most-cited American College of Medical Informatics fellows as an author population. Co-citation data were calculated for every author pair, and multivariate analyses were performed to ultimately show the relationships among all authors. A multidimensional map was created, wherein each author is represented as a point, and the proximity of these points reflects the relationships of authors as perceived by multiple citers. Results and Conclusion: The results from this analysis provide one perspective of the field of medical informatics and are used to suggest future research directions to address issues related to better understanding of communication and social networks in the field to inform better provision of information services. Keywords: Cocitation, Science Delwiche, F.A. (2003), Mapping the literature of clinical laboratory science. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 91 (3), 303-310. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass91, 303.pdf Abstract: This paper describes a citation analysis of the literature of clinical laboratory science (medical technology), conducted as part of a project of the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association. Three source journals widely read by those in the field were identified, from which cited references were collected for a three-year period. Analysis of the references showed that journals were the predominant format of literature cited and the majority of the references were from the last eleven years. Applying Bradford’s Law of Scattering to 310 the list of journals cited, three zones were created, each producing approximately one third of the cited references. Thirteen journals were in the first zone, eighty-one in the second, and 849 in the third. A similar list of journals cited was created for four specialty areas in the field: chemistry, hematology, immunohematology, and microbiology. In comparing the indexing coverage of the Zone 1 and 2 journals by four major databases, MEDLINE provided the most comprehensive coverage, while the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature was the only database that provided complete coverage of the three source journals. However, to obtain complete coverage of the field, it is essential to search multiple databases. Pelzer, N.L. and Wiese, W.H. (2003), Bibliometric study of grey literature in core veterinary medical journals. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 91 (4), 434-441. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass91, 434.pdf Abstract: Objectives: Grey literature has been perceived by many as belonging to the primary sources of information and has become an accepted method of nonconventional communication in the sciences and medicine. Since little is known about the use and nature of grey literature in veterinary medicine, a systematic study was done to analyze and characterize the bibliographic citations appearing in twelve core veterinary journals. Methods: Citations from 2,159 articles published in twelve core veterinary journals in 2000 were analyzed to determine the portion of citations from grey literature. Those citations were further analyzed and categorized according to the type of publication. Results: Citation analysis yielded 55,823 citations, of which 3,564 (6.38%) were considered to be grey literature. Four veterinary specialties, internal medicine, pathology, theriogenology, and microbiology, accounted for 70% of the total number of articles. Three small-animal clinical practice journals cited about 2.5-3% grey literature, less than half that of journals with basic research orientations, where results ranged from almost 6% to approximately 10% grey literature. Nearly 90% of the grey literature appeared as conferences, government publications, and corporate organization literature. Conclusions: The results corroborate other reported research that the incidence of grey literature is lower in medicine and biology than in some other fields, such as aeronautics and agriculture. As in other fields, use of the Internet and the Web has greatly expanded the communication process among veterinary professionals. The appearance of closed community email forums and specialized discussion groups within the veterinary profession is an example of what could become a new kind of grey literature. Atlas, M.C. (2003), Emerging ethical issues in instructions to authors of high-impact biomedical journals. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 91 (4), 442-449. 311 Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass91, 442.pdf Abstract: Public interest in issues concerning the maintenance of high ethical standards in the conduct of scientific research and its publication has been increasing. Some of the developments in these issues as reflected in the publication of the medical literature are traced here. This paper attempts to determine whether public interest is reflected in the specific requirements for authors for manuscript preparation as stated in the “Instructions to Authors” for articles being prepared for submission to 124 “high-impact” journals. The instructions to authors of these journals were read on the Web for references to ethical standards or requirements. The ethical issues that the instructions most often covered were specifically related to the individual journal’s publication requirements. The results suggest that while the editors and publishers of the biomedical literature are concerned with promoting and protecting the rights of the subjects of the experiments in the articles they publish, and while these concerns are not yet paramount, they are evolving and growing. Keywords: Medical Journals, Informed Consent, Board Approval, Publications, Editors, Quality ? Carlin, B.G. (2004), PubMed automatic term mapping. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 92 (2), 168. Full Text: 2004\J Med Lib Ass92, 168.pdf Keywords: Mapping, PUBMED, Term ? Nicholson, S. (2005), Understanding the foundation: The state of geneeralist search education in library schools as related to the needs of expert searchers in medical libraries. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 93 (1), 61-68. Full Text: J\J Med Lib Ass93, 61.pdf Abstract: Purpose: The paper explores the current state of generalist search education in library schools and considers that foundation in respect to the Medical Library Association’s statement on expert searching. Setting, Subjects: Syllabi from courses with significant searching components were examined from ten of the top library schools, as determined by the US. News & World Report rankings. Methodology: Mixed methods were used, but primarily quantitative bibliometric methods were used. Results: The educational focus in these searching components was on understanding the generalist searching resources and typical users and on performing a reflective search through application of search strategies, controlled vocabulary, and logic appropriate to the search tool. There is a growing emphasis on Web-based search tools and a movement away from traditional set-based searching and toward free-text search strategies. While a core set of authors is used in these courses, no core set of readings is used. Discussion, Conclusion: While library schools provide a strong foundation, future medical librarians still need to take courses that introduce them to the resources, settings, and users associated with medical libraries. In 312 addition, as more emphasis is placed on Web-based search tools and free-text searching, instructors of the specialist medical informatics courses will need to focus on teaching traditional search methods appropriate for common tools in the medical domain. Keywords: Bibliometric, Bibliometric Methods, US ? Tsay, M.Y. and Yang, Y.H. (2005), Bibliometric analysis of the literature of randomized controlled trials. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 93 (4), 450-458. Full Text: 2005\J Med Lib Ass93, 450.pdf Abstract: Objective: Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is a significant issue and the randomized controlled trial (RCT) literature plays a fundamental role in developing EBM. This study investigates the features of RCT literature based on bibliometric methods. Growth of the literature, publication types, languages, publication countries, and research subjects are addressed. The distribution of journal articles was also examined utilizing Bradford’s law and Bradford-Zipf’s law. Method: The MEDLINE database was searched for articles indexed under the publication type “Randomized Control Trial,” and articles retrieved were counted and analyzed using Microsoft Access, Microsoft Excel, and PERL. Results: From 1990 to 2001, a total of 114,850 citations dealing with RCTs were retrieved. The literature growth rate, from 1965 to 2001, is steadily rising and follows an exponential model. Journal articles are the predominant form of publication, and the multicenter study is extensively used. English is the most commonly used language. Conclusions: Generally, RCTs are found in publications concentrating on cardiovascular disease, cancer, asthma, postoperative condition, health, and anesthetics. Zone analysis and graphical formulation from Bradford’s law of scattering shows variations from the standard Bradford model. Forty-two core journals were identified using Bradford’s law. Keywords: Access, Analysis, Anesthetics, Asthma, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometric Methods, Cancer, Cardiovascular, Cardiovascular Disease, Citations, Clinical-Trials, Control, Controlled, Controlled Trial, Controlled Trials, Database, Developing, Disease, Distribution, Formulation, Growth, Growth Rate, Health, Journal, Journal Articles, Journals, Language, Languages, Law, Literature, Medicine, Medline, Methods, Model, Multicenter, Postoperative, Publication, Publications, Quality, Randomized, Randomized Controlled Trial, Randomized Controlled Trials, RCT, Research, Role, Scattering, Standard, Trial Allen, M.P., Jacobs, S.K. and Levy, J.R. (2006), Mapping the literature of nursing: 1996-2000. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (S2), 206-220. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, 206.pdf Abstract: Introduction: This project is a collaborative effort of the Task Force on Mapping the Nursing Literature of the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section 313 of the Medical Library Association. This overview summarizes eighteen studies covering general nursing and sixteen specialties. Method: Following a common protocol, citations from source journals were analyzed for a three-year period within the years 1996 to 2000. Analysis included cited formats, age, and ranking of the frequency of cited journal titles. Highly cited journals were analyzed for coverage in twelve health sciences and academic databases. Results: journals were the most frequently cited format, followed by books. More than 60% of the cited resources were published in the previous seven years. Bradford’s law was validated, with a small core of cited journals accounting for a third of the citations. Medical and science databases provided the most comprehensive access for biomedical titles, while CINAHL and PubMed provided the best access for nursing journals. Discussion: Beyond a heavily cited core, nursing journal citations are widely dispersed among a variety of sources and disciplines, with corresponding access via a variety of bibliographic tools. Results underscore the interdisciplinary nature of the nursing profession. Conclusion: For comprehensive searches, nurses need to search multiple databases. Libraries need to provide access to databases’ beyond PubMed, including CINAHL and academic databases. Database vendors should improve their coverage of nursing, biomedical, and psychosocial titles identified in these studies. Additional research is needed to update these studies and analyze nursing specialties not covered. Keywords: Access, Age, Allied Health, Biomedical, Books, Brandon, Hill Selected List, Citation Analysis, Citations, Coverage, Databases, General, Health, Health Sciences, Impact, Interdisciplinary, Journal, Journal Citations, Journals, Law, Literature, Nurses, Nursing, Nursing Profession, Profession, Psychosocial, Pubmed, Ranking, Research, Science, Sciences, Small, Source, Sources Allen, M.P. and Levy, J.R. (2006), Mapping the general literature of American nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E43-E48. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E49.pdf Abstract: Objectives: As part of a project to map the literature of nursing, sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association, this study identifies core journals cited by general or “popular” US nursing journals and the indexing services that cover the cited journals. Methods: Three journals were selected for analysis: American Journal of Nursing, Nursing 96–98, and RN. The source journals were subjected to a citation analysis of articles from 1996 to 1998, followed by an analysis of database access to the most frequently cited journal titles. Results: Cited formats included journals (63.7%), books (26.6%), government documents (3.0%), Internet (0.5%), and miscellaneous (6.2%). Cited references were relatively current; most (86.6%) were published in the current decade. One-third of 314 the citations were found in a core of 24 journal titles; one-third were dispersed among a middle zone of 94 titles; and the remaining third were scattered in a larger zone of 694 titles. Indexing coverage for the core titles was most comprehensive in PubMed/MEDLINE, followed by CINAHL and Science Citation Index. Conclusions: Results support the popular (not scholarly) nature of these titles. While not a good source for original research, they fulfill a key role of disseminating nursing knowledge with their relevantly current citations to a broad variety of sources. ? Friedman, Y. (2006), Mapping the literature of home health nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E49-E55. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E49.pdf Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify core journals in home health nursing and to determine how well these journals were covered by indexing and abstracting services. The study was part of the project for mapping the nursing literature of the Medical Library Association’s Nursing and Allied Health Resource Section. METHODS: A citation analysis of two core journals was done to determine distribution of references by format types and age of citations and dispersion of the literature, according to Bradford’s Law of Scattering. The analysis of indexing coverage for Zone 1 and 2 was also provided. RESULTS: The study showed that 64.2% of citations came from journals, versus 22.9% from books and 12.9% from other publications. PubMed/MEDLINE rated highest in average indexing coverage of Zone 1 and 2 journals, followed by CINAHL. PsycINFO, SocioAbstracts, and EBSCO Health Business FullTEXT showed practically no coverage for the home health nursing literature. CONCLUSION: As expected, journal articles were found to be the primary source for referencing and books, the secondary source. In regard to bibliographic control, no databases provided full coverage of the journals in the field of home health nursing. PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL gave better results in combination, because CINAHL tended to cover more nursing journals, while PubMed/MEDLINE did better with medical titles. Keywords: Age, Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Control, Coverage, Databases, Dispersion, Distribution, Field, Health, Indexing, Journal, Journal Articles, Journals, Literature, Mapping, Medical, Medline, Methods, Nursing, Nursing Literature, Objectives, Primary, Psycinfo, Publications, Purpose, Referencing, Services, Source ? Jacobs, S.K. (2006), Mapping the literature of maternal-child/gynecologic nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E56-E64. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E56.pdf Abstract: Objectives: As part of a project to map the literature of nursing, sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association, this study identifies core journals cited in maternal-child/gynecologic nursing and the 315 indexing services that access the cited journals. Methods: Three source journals were selected and subjected to a citation analysis of articles from 1996 to 1998. Results: Journals were the most frequently cited format (74.1%), followed by books (19.7%), miscellaneous (4.2%), and government documents (1.9%). Bradford’s Law of Scattering was applied to the results, ranking cited journal references in descending order. One-third of the citations were found in a core of 14 journal titles; one-third were dispersed among a middle zone of 100 titles; and the remaining third were scattered in a larger zone of 1,194 titles. Indexing coverage for the core titles was most comprehensive in PubMed/MEDLINE, followed by Science Citation Index and CINAHL. Conclusion: The core of journals cited in this nursing specialty revealed a large number of medical titles, thus, the biomedical databases provide the best access. The interdisciplinary nature of maternal-child/ gynecologic nursing topics dictates that social sciences databases are an important adjunct. The study results will assist librarians in collection development, provide end users with guidelines for selecting databases, and influence database producers to consider extending coverage to identified titles. ? Taylor, M.K. (2006), Mapping the literature of medical-surgical nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E65-E73. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E65.pdf Abstract: Background: Medical-surgical or adult health nursing is a complex specialty that requires a wide-ranging literature to inform its research and practice. Several excellent qualitative aids exist for collection development for this field, but quantitative studies are few. While one bibliometric study of journals exists, no recent work had been done in this area. Method: The Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project protocol was used. Four source journals were selected, and a citation analysis of articles from 1996 to 1998 was conducted. Results: A list of the most frequently cited journals was created, using Bradford’s Law of Scattering. The list demonstrates that 1.2% of the cited medical-surgical nursing journals produced just over 33% of the citations. PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Science Citation Index provided the most complete indexing coverage of all of the journals, with CINAHL providing the most complete coverage of nursing journals. Books were the second-most cited format. Conclusions: Citation analysis of journal articles is a useful aid for selecting journals for medical-surgical nursing collections, but it did not prove to be as useful for selecting materials in other formats. Indexes in addition to PubMed/MEDLINE are necessary to provide access to the journal literature serving this specialty. 316 Allison, M.M. (2006), Mapping the literature of nephrology nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E74-E79. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E74.pdf Abstract: Objectives: A bibliometric investigation was done to identify characteristics of the literature that nephrology nurses utilize. It is one component of a broader study, “Mapping the Literature of Nursing,” by the Medical Library Association’s Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section Task Force to Map the Literature of Nursing. Methods: Following a standard protocol, this project utilized Bradford’s Law of Scattering to analyze the literature of nephrology nursing. Citation analysis was done on articles that were published from 1996 to 1998 in a source journal. Cited journal titles were divided into three zones, and coverage in major article databases were scored for Zones 1 and 2. Results: During the three-year period, journals were the most frequently cited format type. Eighty-one journals were cited in Zones 1 and 2. As Bradford’s Law of Scattering predicted, a small number of the cited journals accounted for the most use. Coverage is most comprehensive for cited journals in Science Citation Index, PubMed/ MEDLINE, and EMBASE. When looking just at cited nursing journals, CINAHL and PubMed/MEDLINE provide the best indexing coverage. Conclusion: This study offers understanding of and insights into the types of information that nephrology nurses use for research. It is a valuable tool for anyone involved with providing nephrology nursing literature. ? Seaton, H.J. (2006), Mapping the literature of nurse-midwifery. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E80-E86. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E80.pdf Abstract: OBJECTIVE: This article is part of a project for mapping the literature of nursing. The purpose is to identify the core journals in nurse-midwifery and to determine the extent to which these titles are covered by standard indexing sources. METHODS: Cited references from two source journals were analyzed to discover the most frequently cited publications, including their format, age, and amount of dispersion, as well as the indexes that offer the most complete coverage. RESULTS: A study of the literature of nurse-midwifery reveals that the field is diverse, including such topics as women’s health, obstetrics, gynecology, and parent-child relations, in addition to the practice of nurse-midwifery itself. Journals were the most heavily cited format, and analysis revealed that ten journals provided one-third of all the references in the study. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index or PubMed/MEDLINE provided the best overall coverage because of the field’s reliance on medical journals. CINAHL had the most complete coverage for the nurse-midwifery journals as well as nursing journals in general. 317 Keywords: Age, Analysis, Coverage, Dispersion, Field, General, Gynecology, Health, Indexing, Journals, Literature, Mapping, Medical, Medical Journals, Methods, Nursing, Obstetrics, Practice, Publications, Purpose, Relations, Science Citation Index, Source, Sources, Standard, Women’s Health ? Galganski, C.J. (2006), Mapping the literature of nursing administration. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E87-E91. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E87.pdf Abstrct: Objectives: As part of Phase I of a project to map the literature of nursing, sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association, this study identifies the core literature cited in nursing administration and the indexing services that provide access to the core journals. The results of this study will assist librarians and end users searching for information related to this nursing discipline, as well as database producers who might consider adding specific titles to their indexing services. Methods: Using the common methodology described in the overview article, five source journals for nursing administration were identified and selected for citation analysis over a three-year period, 1996 to 1998, to identify the most frequently cited titles according to Bradford’s Law of Scattering. From this core of most productive journal titles, the bibliographic databases that provide the best access to these titles were identified. Results: Results reveal that nursing administration literature relies most heavily on journal articles and on those titles identified as core nursing administrative titles. When the indexing coverage of nine services is compared, PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL provide the most comprehensive coverage of this nursing discipline. Conclusions: No one indexing service adequately covers this nursing discipline. Researchers needing comprehensive coverage in this area must search more than one database to effectively research their projects. While PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL provide more coverage for this discipline than the other indexing services, none is sufficiently broad in scope to provide indexing of nursing, health care management, and medical literature in a single file. Nurse administrators using the literature to research current work issues need to review not only the nursing titles covered by CINAHL but should also include the major weekly medical titles, core titles in health care administration, and general business sources if they wish to adequately cover the many aspects of nursing administration. ? Guenther, J.T. (2006), Mapping the literature of nursing informatics. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E92-E98. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E92.pdf Abstract: Objective: This study was part of the Medical Library Association’s Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section’s project to map the nursing literature. It 318 identified core journals in nursing informatics and the journals referenced in them and analyzed coverage of those journals in selected indexes. Method: Five core journals were chosen and analyzed for 1996, 1997, and 1998. The references in the core journal articles were examined for type and number of formats cited during the selected time period. Bradford’s Law of Scattering divided the journals into frequency zones. Results: The time interval, 1990 to 1998, produced 71% of the references. Internet references could not be tracked by date before 1990. Twelve journals were the most productive, 119 journals were somewhat productive, and 897 journals were the least productive. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association was the most prolific core journal. The 1998 journal references were compared in CINAHL, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, and OCLC Article First. PubMed/MEDLINE had the highest indexing score. ? White, P. and Hall, M.E. (2006), Mapping the literature of case management nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E99-E106. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E99.pdf Abstract: Objectives: Nursing case management provides a continuum of health care services for defined groups of patients. Its literature is multidisciplinary, emphasizing clinical specialties, case management methodology, and the health care system. This study is part of a project to map the literature of nursing, sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association. The study identifies core journals cited in case management literature and indexing services that access those journals. Methods: Three source journals were identified based on established criteria, and cited references from each article published from 1997 to 1999 were analyzed. Results: Nearly two-thirds of the cited references were from journals; others were from books, monographs, reports, government documents, and the Internet. Cited journal references were ranked in descending order, and Bradford’s Law of Scattering was applied. The many journals constituting the top two zones reflect the diversity of this field. Zone 1 included journals from nursing administration, case management, general medicine, medical specialties, and social work. Two databases, PubMed/MEDLINE and OCLC ArticleFirst, provided the best indexing coverage. Conclusion: Collections that support case management require a relatively small group of core journals. Students and health care professionals will need to search across disciplines to identify appropriate literature. Alpi, K.M. (2006), Mapping the literature of emergency nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E107-E113. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E107.pdf Abstract: Purpose: Emergency nursing covers a broad spectrum of health care from 319 trauma surgery support to preventive health care. The purpose of this study is to identify the core literature of emergency nursing and to determine which databases provide the most thorough indexing access to the literature cited in emergency nursing journals. This study is part of the Medical Library Association’s Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section’s project to map the nursing literature. Methods: Four key emergency nursing journals were selected and subjected to citation analysis based on Bradford’s Law of Scattering. Results: A group of 12 journals made up 33.3% of the 7,119 citations, another 33.3% of the citations appeared in 92 journals, with the remaining 33.3% scattered across 822 journals. Three of the core 12 journals were emergency medicine titles, and 2 were emergency nursing titles from the selected source journals. Government publications constituted 7.5% of the literature cited. Conclusions: PubMed/MEDLINE provided the best overall indexing coverage for the journals, followed by CINAHL. However, CINAHL provided the most complete coverage for the source journals and the majority of the nursing and emergency medical technology publications and should be consulted by librarians and nurses seeking emergency nursing literature. ? Shams, M.L.A. (2006), Mapping the literature of nurse practitioners. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E114-E121. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E114.pdf Abstract: Objectives: This study was designed to identify core journals for the nurse practitioner specialty and to determine the extent of their indexing in bibliographic databases. Methods: As part of a larger project for mapping the literature of nursing, this study followed a common methodology based on citation analysis. Four journals designated by nurse practitioners as sources for their practice information were selected. All cited references were analyzed to determine format types and publication years. Bradford’s Law of Scattering was applied to identify core journals. Nine bibliographic databases were searched to estimate the index coverage of the core titles. Results: The findings indicate that nurse practitioners rely primarily on journals (72.0%) followed by books (20.4%) for their professional knowledge. The majority of the identified core journals belong to non-nursing disciplines. This is reflected in the indexing coverage results: PubMed/MEDLINE more comprehensively indexes the core titles than CINAHL does. Conclusion: Nurse practitioners, as primary care providers, consult medical as well as nursing sources for their information. The implications of the citation analysis findings are significant for collection development librarians and indexing services. Allen, M.P., Allison, M.M. and Stevens, S. (2006), Mapping the literature of nursing 320 education. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E122-E127. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E122.pdf Abstract: Objectives: As part of a project to map the literature of nursing, sponsored by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association, this study identifies core journals cited in nursing education journals and the indexing services that cover the cited journals. Methods: Three nursing education source journals were subjected to a citation analysis of articles from 1997 to 1999, followed by an analysis of database access to the most frequently cited journal titles. Results: Cited formats included journals (62.4%), books (31.3%), government documents (1.4%), Internet (0.3%), and miscellaneous (4.6%). Cited references were relatively older than other studies, with just 58.6% published in the 1990s. One-third of the citations were found in a core of just 6 journal titles; one-third were dispersed among a middle zone of 53 titles; the remaining third were scattered in a larger zone of 762 titles. Indexing coverage for the core titles was most comprehensive in CINAHL, followed by PubMed/MEDLINE and Social Sciences Citation Index. Conclusions: Citation patterns in nursing education show more reliance on nursing and education literature than biomedicine. Literature searches need to include CINAHL and PubMed/MEDLINE, as well as education and social sciences databases. Likewise, library collections need to include education and social sciences resources to complement works developed for nurse educators. ? Taylor, M.K. (2006), Mapping the literature of pediatric nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E128-E136. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E128.pdf Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric nurses work in an interdisciplinary field and face ever-increasing demands on their time and knowledge. Selection tools for librarians serving this group are available, but only one bibliometric analysis has examined citations to aid collection development. METHOD: The “Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project” protocol was used. Three source journals were selected, and a citation analysis of articles from 1998 to 2000 was conducted. RESULTS: The frequency of journal citation was tabulated, and a list of the most frequently cited journals was created. Just over 1% of the cited journals produced 33% of the citations. PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, and Social Sciences Citation Index provided the most complete indexing coverage of all types of the journals, while CINAHL providing the most complete coverage of nursing journals. Books were the second-most frequently cited format. CONCLUSIONS: Citation analysis of journal articles from pediatric nursing journals may be helpful in selecting journals for libraries serving pediatric nurses and those who conduct pediatric nursing research. Librarians should consider adding indexes to their collection in addition to 321 PubMed/MEDLINE to access the broad range of journals useful to this specialty. Keywords: Access, Analysis, Background, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Collection, Coverage, Development, Field, Indexing, Interdisciplinary, Journal, Journal Articles, Journals, Knowledge, Literature, Nurses, Nursing, Pediatric, Research, Science Citation Index, Source, Specialty, Work ? Spasser, M.A. and Weismantel, A. (2006), Mapping the literature of rehabilitation nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E137-E142. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E137.pdf Abstract: Objective: This paper describes a citation analysis of the literature of rehabilitation nursing, conducted as part of the Medical Library Association’s Nursing and Allied Health Section’s the “Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project.” Methods: One core journal, Rehabilitation Nursing, was selected, being both the official journal of the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses and the only journal devoted exclusively to rehabilitation nursing. Citations were analyzed according to format and date and stratified according to Bradford’s Law of Scattering. Results: The nineteen journals that constitute Zone 1 contribute the same number of citations as the eighty-six journals that make up Zone 2. OCLC ArticleFirst, PubMed/MEDLINE, and CINAHL provide the most inclusive coverage of the rehabilitation literature. The source journal, Rehabilitation Nursing, is the most important journal in Zone 1 and thus the most influential rehabilitation nursing journal. Relative degrees of database coverage do not change between Zones 1 and 2. Conclusion: The journals in Zones 1 and 2 collectively represent most of the important subspecialties of rehabilitation nursing, such as the physiological, sociopsychological, and community reintegration issues involved in the long-term rehabilitation process. ? Murphy, S.C. (2006), Mapping the literature of transcultural nursing. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (2 Suppl), E143-E151. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, E143.pdf Abstract: OVERVIEW: No bibliometric studies of the literature of the field of transcultural nursing have been published. This paper describes a citation analysis as part of the project undertaken by the Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section of the Medical Library Association to map the literature of nursing. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the core literature and determine which databases provided the most complete access to the transcultural nursing literature. METHODS: Cited references from essential source journals were analyzed for a three-year period. Eight major databases were compared for indexing coverage of the identified core list of journals. RESULTS: This study identifies 138 core journals. Transcultural nursing relies on journal literature from associated health sciences 322 fields in addition to nursing. Books provide an important format. Nearly all cited references were from the previous 18 years. In comparing indexing coverage among 8 major databases, 3 databases rose to the top. CONCLUSIONS: No single database can claim comprehensive indexing coverage for this broad field. It is essential to search multiple databases. Based on this study, PubMed/MEDLINE, Social Sciences Citation Index, and CINAHL provide the best coverage. Collections supporting transcultural nursing require robust access to literature beyond nursing publications. Keywords: Access, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Studies, Citation, Citation Analysis, Coverage, Database, Databases, Field, Health, Health Sciences, Indexing, Journal, Journals, Literature, Methods, Nursing, Nursing Literature, Publications, Purpose, Sciences, Source ? Hofman, K., Ryce, A., Prudhomme, W. and Kotzin, S. (2006), Reporting of non-communicable disease research in low- and middle-income countries: A pilot bibliometric analysis. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (4), 415-420. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, 415.pdf Abstract: Objective: The paper identifies the relative amount of research devoted to non-communicable disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: A bibliometric analysis of a subset of journals published in LMICs was performed. Measurements: Seventy-six peer-reviewed journals focused on general medicine or public health published in 46 LMICs and indexed from 1998 to 2003 in MEDLINE. A total of 24 journals were selected, 4 journals from each of 6 LMIC regions. Searches were refined using 18 non-communicable disease topics with 7,012 articles identified for analysis. Results: More than 40% of articles in LMIC regions focused on non-communicable disease research. The percentage was highest in Eastern Europe/Central Asia (47%) and lowest in Latin America (36%). The percentage of articles published in Sub-Saharan Africa (38%) did not differ significantly from that of Latin America or South Asia. Cardiovascular disease and cancer led the list of the top ten most-indexed published topics by region. Conclusions: Even in regions rampant with infectious diseases, some capability exists to conduct research on non-communicable diseases. Greater attention should be paid to the conduct and support of such research in LMICs, which will benefit these countries and may yield clues to lower-cost solutions to the burden of these diseases worldwide. Keywords: Africa, Analysis, Asia, Attention, Benefit, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Cancer, Disease, Diseases, General, Health, Infectious Diseases, Latin America, Low, Medline, Paper, Public Health, Research, Support, Yield ? Booth, A. (2006), “Brimful of STARLITE”: Toward standards for reporting literature searches. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (4), 421-429. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, 421.pdf Abstract: Context: Systematic reviews of qualitative research studies extend 323 understanding of health care beyond effectiveness to acceptability and user views. Objective: The paper surveys reports of qualitative systematic reviews and, by characterizing techniques used to identify articles for inclusion, proposes standards for reporting of literature searches. Data Sources and Study Selection: A search of MEDLINE was performed for qualitative systematic reviews published from 1988 to December 2004, supported by searches of CINAHL, Web of Knowledge (including the Science and Social Sciences Citation Index), and the Cochrane Methodology Register, and Internet searches using the Copernic Agent Professional meta-search agent. Studies were included if they used techniques of qualitative synthesis in reviewing research studies in health care. Narrative reviews were excluded. Data Extraction: Authors, year of publication, sampling strategy, databases, keywords, and other approaches used were extracted. Data Synthesis: Sixty-four studies were identified, and forty-three met inclusion criteria for this review. A summary of searching methods was produced and used to construct the STARLITE mnemonic (sampling strategy, type of study, approaches, range of years, limits, inclusion and exclusions, terms used, electronic sources). Conclusions: Considerable variation exists in search methods for qualitative systematic reviews. While diversity in methods is appropriate during the development of review methodology, major concerns remain about the absence of an accepted standard and the consequent poor quality of reporting. Keywords: Acceptability, Care, Criteria, Databases, Development, Diversity, Effectiveness, Health, Health Care, Internet, Literature, MEDLINE, Methodology, Methods, Publication, Qualitative, Qualitative Research, Quality, Quality of, Reporting, Research, Review, Reviews, Sampling, Sources, Standard, Standards, Surveys, Synthesis, Systematic Reviews, Techniques, Understanding ? Crawley-Low, J. (2006), Bibliometric analysis of the American Journal of Veterinary Research to produce a list of core veterinary medicine journals. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (4), 430-434. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, 430.pdf Abstract: Objective: Bibliometric techniques were used to analyze the citation patterns of researchers publishing in the American Journal of Veterinary Research (AJVR). Methods: The more than 25,000 bibliographic references appearing in the AJVR from 2001 to 2003 were examined for material type, date of publication, and frequency of journals cited. Journal titles were ranked in decreasing order of productivity to create a core list of journals most frequently used by veterinary medical researchers. Results: The majority of items cited were journals (88.8%), followed by books (9.8%) and gray literature (2.1%). Current sources of information were favored; 65% of the journals and 77% of the books were published in 1990 or later. Dividing the cited articles into 3 even zones revealed that 24 journals produced 324 7,361 cited articles in the first zone. One hundred thirty-nine journals were responsible for 7,414 cited articles in zone 2, and 1,409 journals produced 7,422 cited articles in zone 3. Conclusions: A core collection of veterinary medicine journals would include 49 veterinary medicine journals from zones 1 and 2. Libraries supporting a veterinary curriculum or veterinary research should also include veterinary medical journals from Zone 3, as well as provide access to journals in non-veterinary subjects such as biochemistry, virology, orthopedics, and surgery and a selection of general science and medical journals. Keywords: Access, Analysis, Bibliographic References, Biochemistry, Citation Analysis, Collection Development, Core, Curriculum, General, Information, Medical, Medical Journals, Orthopedics, Productivity, Publication, Publishing, Research, Science, Selection, Sources, Sources of Information, Surgery, Techniques, Virology ? Shultz, M. (2006), Mapping of medical acronyms and initialisms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) across selected systems. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 94 (4), 410-414. Full Text: 2006\J Med Lib Ass94, 410.pdf Abstract: Introduction: Given the common use of acronyms and initialisms in the health sciences, searchers may be entering these abbreviated terms rather than full phrases when searching online systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how various MEDLINE Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) interfaces map acronyms and initialisms to the MeSH vocabulary. Methods: The interfaces used in this study were: the PubMed MeSH database, the PubMed Automatic Term Mapping feature, the NLM Gateway Term Finder, and Ovid MEDLINE. Acronyms and initialisms were randomly selected from 2 print sources. The test data set included 415 randomly selected acronyms and initialisms whose related meanings were found to be MeSH terms. Each acronym and initialism was entered into each MEDLINE MeSH interface to determine if it mapped to the corresponding MeSH term. Separately, 46 commonly used acronyms and initialisms were tested. Results: While performance differed widely, the success rates were low across all interfaces for the randomly selected terms. The common acronyms and initialisms tested at higher success rates across the interfaces but the differences between the interfaces remained. Conclusion: Online interfaces do not always map medical acronyms and initialisms to their corresponding MeSH phrases. This may lead to inaccurate results and missed information if acronyms and initialisms are used in search strategies. Keywords: Abbreviations, Data, Database, Feature, Health, Health Sciences, Information, Interfaces, Lead, Medical, Medline, Performance, Pubmed, Purpose, Rates, Sciences, Search Strategies, Sources, Systems, Term ? Taylor, M.K., Gebremichael, M.D. and Wagner, C.E. (2007), Mapping the literature of health care management. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 95 (2), 325 e58-e65. Full Text: 2007\J Med Lib Ass95, e58.pdf Abstract: OBJECTIVES: The research provides an overview of the health care management literature and the indexing coverage of core journal literature. METHOD: Citations from five source journals for the years 2002 through 2004 were studied using the protocols of the Mapping the Literature of Allied Health Project and Mapping the Literature of Nursing Project. The productivity of cited journals was analyzed by applying Bradford’s Law of Scattering. RESULTS: Journals were the most frequently cited format, followed by books. Only 3.2% of the cited journal titles from all 5 source journals generated two-thirds of the cited titles. When only the health care management practitioner-oriented source journals were considered, two-thirds of the output of cited journal titles came from 10.8% of the titles. Science Citation Index and PubMed provided the best overall coverage of the titles cited by all 5 source journals, while the cited titles from the 2 practitioner-oriented journals were covered most completely by Social Sciences Citation Index and Business Source Complete. CONCLUSIONS: Health care management is a multidisciplinary field. Librarians must consider the needs of their users and assist them by providing the necessary materials and combination of indexes to access this field adequately. Keywords: Access, Care, Coverage, Field, Health, Health Care, Indexing, Journal, Journals, Literature, Management, Multidisciplinary, Needs, Objectives, Productivity, Protocols, Pubmed, Research, Science Citation Index, Source ? Delwiche, F.A. and Hall, E.F. (2007), Mapping the literature of athletic training. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 95 (2), 195-201. Full Text: 2007\J Med Lib Ass95, 195.pdf Abstract: Purpose: This paper identifies the core literature of athletic training and determines which major databases provide the most thorough intellectual access to this literature. Methods: This study collected all cited references from 2002 to 2004 of three journals widely read by those in the athletic training field. Bradford’s Law of Scattering was applied to the resulting list to determine the core journal titles in the discipline. Three major databases were reviewed for extent of their coverage of these core journals. Results: Of the total 8,678 citations, one-third referenced a compact group of 6 journals; another third of the citations referenced an additional 40 titles. The remaining 2,837 citations were scattered across 1,034 additional journal titles. Conclusions: The number and scatter of citations over a three-year period identified forty-six key journals in athletic training. The study results can inform athletic trainers of the core literature in their field, encourage database producers (e.g., MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL) to increase coverage of titles that are not indexed or underindexed, and guide purchasing decisions for libraries serving athletic training programs. 326 Keywords: Access, Allied Health, Citations, Coverage, Database, Databases, Field, Journal, Journals, Literature, Medicine, Medline, Training ? Rethlefsen, M.L. and Wallis, L.C. (2007), Public health citation patterns: An analysis of the American Journal of Public Health, 2003-2005. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 95 (4), 408-415. Full Text: 2007\J Med Lib Ass95, 408.pdf Abstract: Objectives: The research sought to determine the publication types cited most often in public health as well as the most heavily cited journal titles. Methods: From a pool of 33,449 citations in 934 articles published in the 2003-2005 issues of American Journal of Public Health, 2 random samples were drawn: one (n = 1,034) from the total set of citations and one (n = 1,016) from the citations to journal articles. For each sampled citation, investigators noted publication type, publication date, uniform resource locator (URL) citation (yes/no), and, for the journal article sample, journal titles. The cited journal titles were analyzed using Bradford zones. Results: The majority of cited items from the overall sample of 1,034 items were journal articles (64.4%, n = 666), followed by government documents (n 130), books (n = 122), and miscellaneous sources (n = 116). Publication date ranged from 1826-2005 (mean = 1995, mode = 2002). Most cited items were between 0 and 5 years old (50.3%, n = 512). In the sample of 1,016 journal article citations, a total of 387 journal titles were cited. Discussion: Analysis of cited material types revealed results similar to citation analyses in specific public health disciplines, including use of materials from a wide range of disciplines, reliance on miscellaneous and government documents, and need for older publications. Keywords: Analyses, Analysis, Citation, Citation Patterns, Citations, Health, Journal, Journal Article, Journal Articles, Mode, Public, Public Health, Publication, Publications, Research, Sources ? Lewin, H.S. (2008), Diabetes mellitus publication patterns, 1984-2005. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 96 (2), 155-158. Full Text: 2008\J Med Lib Ass96, 155.pdf Keywords: Publication ? Hendrix, D. (2008), An analysis of bibliometric indicators, National Institutes of Health funding, and faculty size at Association of American Medical Colleges medical schools, 1997-2007. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 96 (4), 324-334. Full Text: 2008\J Med Lib Ass96, 324.pdf Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze bibliometric data from ISI, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funding data, and faculty size information for Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) member schools during 1997 to 2007 to assess research productivity and impact. Methods: This study 327 gathered and synthesized 10 metrics for almost all AAMC medical schools (n=123): (1) total number of published articles per medical school, (2) total number of citations to published articles per medical school, (3) average number of citations per article, (4) institutional impact indices, (5) institutional percentages of articles with zero citations, (6) annual average number of faculty per medical school, (7) total amount of NIH funding per medical school, (8) average amount of NIH grant money awarded per faculty member, (9) average number of articles per faculty member, and (10) average number of citations per faculty member. Using principal components analysis, the author calculated the relationships between measures, if they existed. Results: Principal components analysis revealed 3 major clusters of variables that accounted for 91% of the total variance: (1) institutional research productivity, (2) research influence or impact, and (3) individual faculty research productivity. Depending on the variables in each cluster, medical school research may be appropriately evaluated in a more nuanced way. Significant correlations exist between extracted factors, indicating an interrelatedness of all variables. Total NIH funding may relate more strongly to the quality of the research than the quantity of the research. The elimination of medical schools with outliers in 1 or more indicators (n=20) altered the analysis considerably. Conclusions: Though popular, ordinal rankings cannot adequately describe the multidimensional nature of a medical school’s research productivity and impact. This study provides statistics that can be used in conjunction with other sound methodologies to provide a more authentic view of a medical school’s research. The large variance of the collected data suggests that refining bibliometric data by discipline, peer groups, or journal information may provide a more precise assessment. Keywords: Analysis, Assessment, Author Self-Citations, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Data, Bibliometric Indicators, Biomedical-Research, Citations, European-Union, Evaluating Research, Faculty, Funding, Impact, Impact-Factors, Indicators, ISI, Journals, Medical, Metrics, Oncological Research, Productivity, Publications, Quality, Rankings, Research, Research Productivity, Schools, Science System, Statistics, Universities ? Hendrix, D. (2009), An analysis of bibliometric indicators, National Institutes of Health funding, and faculty size at Association of American Medical Colleges medical schools, 1997-2007. (vol 96, pg 324, 2008). Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97 (2), DOI: 10.3163/1536-5050.97.2.023. Full Text: 2009\J Med Lib Ass97, 023.pdf Keywords: Bibliometric Indicators, Indicators ? Carbonell, X., Guardiola, E., Beranuy, M. and Belles, A. (2009), A bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on Internet, video games, and cell phone addiction. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97 (2), 102-107. 328 Full Text: 2009\J Med Lib Ass97, 102.pdf Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this study was to locate the scientific literature dealing with addiction to the Internet, video games, and cell phones and to characterize the pattern of publications in these areas. Methods: One hundred seventy-nine valid articles were retrieved from PubMed and PsycINFO between 1996 and 2005 related to pathological Internet, cell phone, or video game use. Results: The years with the highest numbers of articles published were 2004 (n=42) and 2005 (n=40). The most productive countries, in terms of number of articles published, were the United States (n=52), China (n=23), the United Kingdom (n=17), Taiwan (n=13), and South Korea (n=9). The most commonly used language was English (65.4%), followed by Chinese (12.8%) and Spanish (4.5%). Articles were published in 96 different journals, of which 22 published 2 or more articles. The journal that published the most articles was Cyberpsychology & Behavior (n=41). Addiction to the Internet was the most intensely studied (85.3%), followed by addiction to video games (13.6%) and cell phones (2.1%). Conclusions: The number of publications in this area is growing, but it is difficult to conduct precise searches due to a lack of clear terminology. To facilitate retrieval, bibliographic databases should include descriptor terms referring specifically to Internet, video games, and cell phone addiction as well as to more general addictions involving communications and information technologies and other behavioral addictions. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Databases, Disorder, Internet, Publications, Students, United Kingdom ? Bankson, H.L. (2009), Health literacy: An exploratory bibliometric analysis, 1997-2007. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97 (2), 148-150. Full Text: 2009\J Med Lib Ass97, 148.pdf Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis ? Gore, S.A., Nordberg, J.M., Palmer, L.A. and Piorun, M.E. (2009), Trends in health sciences library and information science research: An analysis of research publications in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association and Journal of the Medical Library Association from 1991 to 2007. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97 (3), 203-211. Full Text: 2009\J Med Lib Ass97, 203.pdf Abstract: Objective: This study analyzed trends in research activity as represented in the published research in the leading peer-reviewed professional journal for health sciences librarianship. Methodology: Research articles were identified from the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association and Journal of theMedical Library Association (1991-2007). Using content analysis and bibliometric techniques, data were collected for each article on the (1) subject, (2) research method, (3) analytical technique used, (4) number of authors, (5) number of citations, (6) first author 329 affiliation, and (7) funding source. The results were compared to a previous study, covering the period 1966 to 1990, to identify changes over time. Results: Of the 930 articles examined, 474 (51%) were identified as research articles. Survey (n=174, 37.1%) was the most common methodology employed, quantitative descriptive statistics (n=298, 63.5%) the most used analytical technique, and applied topics (n=332, 70%) the most common type of subject studied. The majority of first authors were associated with an academic health sciences library (n=264, 55.7%). Only 27.4% (n=130) of studies identified a funding source. Conclusion: This study’s findings demonstrate that progress is being made in health sciences librarianship research. There is, however, room for improvement in terms of research methodologies used, proportion of applied versus theoretical research, and elimination of barriers to conducting research for practicing librarians. Keywords: Articles, Bibliometric, Citations, Content Analysis, Information Science, Librarianship, Publications, Quantitative-Analysis, Research, Statistics ? Bagnell, S.J. (2009), Questions regarding “An Analysis of Bibliometric Indicators, National Institutes of Health Funding, and Faculty Size at Association of American Medical Colleges medical schools, 1997-2007”. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97 (4), 241. Full Text: 2009\J Med Lib Ass97, 241.pdf Keywords: Bibliometric, Medical, Science ? Peterson, G.M. (2010), The effectiveness of the practice of correction and republication in the biomedical literature. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 98 (2), 135-139. Full Text: 2010\J Med Lib Ass98, 135.pdf Abstract: Objective: This research measures the effectiveness of the practice of correction and republication of invalidated articles in the biomedical literature by analyzing the rate of citation of the flawed and corrected versions of scholarly articles over time. If the practice of correction and republication is effective, then the incidence of citation of flawed versions should diminish over time and increased incidence of citation of the republication should be observed. Methods: This is a bibliometric study using citation analysis and statistical analysis of pairs of flawed and corrected articles in MEDLINE and Web of Science. Results: The difference between citation levels of flawed originals and corrected republications does not approach statistical significance until eight to twelve years post-republication. Results showed substantial variability among bibliographic sources in their provision of authoritative bibliographic information. Conclusions: Correction and republication is a marginally effective biblioremediative practice. The data suggest that inappropriate citation behavior may be partly attributable to author ignorance. Keywords: Analysis, Author, Bibliographic, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, 330 Biomedical, Biomedical Literature, Citation, Citation Analysis, Effectiveness, Errata, Incidence, Information, Literature, Medline, Methods, Practice, Research, Retraction, Science, Scientific Literature, Statistical, Variability, Web of Science ? Ugaz, A.G., Boyd, C.T., Croft, V.F., Carrigan, E.E. and Anderson, K.M. (2010), Basic list of veterinary medical serials, third edition: Using a decision matrix to update the core list of veterinary journals. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 98 (4), 282-292. Full Text: 2010\J Med Lib Ass98, 282.pdf Abstract: Objective: This paper presents the methods and results of a study designed to produce the third edition of the “Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials,’’ which was established by the Veterinary Medical Libraries Section in 1976 and last updated in 1986. Methods: A set of 238 titles were evaluated using a decision matrix in order to systematically assign points for both objective and subjective criteria and determine an overall score for each journal. Criteria included: coverage in four major indexes, scholarly impact rank as tracked in two sources, identification as a recommended journal in preparing for specialty board examinations, and a veterinary librarian survey rating. Results: Of the 238 titles considered, a minimum scoring threshold determined the 123 (52%) journals that constituted the final list. The 36 subject categories represented on the list include general and specialty disciplines in veterinary medicine. A ranked list of journals and a list by subject category were produced. Conclusion: Serials appearing on the third edition of the “Basic List of Veterinary Medical Serials’’ met expanded objective measures of quality and impact as well as subjective perceptions of value by both librarians and veterinary practitioners. Keywords: Author, Coverage, Impact, Indexes, Journal, Journals, Medical, Methods, Perceptions, Subject Category, Survey ? Burtis, A.T. and Taylor, M.K. (2010), Mapping the literature of health education: 2006-2008. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 98 (4), 293-299. Full Text: 2010\J Med Lib Ass98, 293.pdf Abstract: Objectives: The study updates Schloman’s 1997 study, “Mapping the Literature of Health Education.’’ The authors identify an updated list of core health education journals and determine the coverage of these journals by electronic indexes. Methods: Citations from four source journals for the years 2006 to 2008 were analyzed using the established methodology of the “Mapping the Literature of Allied Health Project.’’ The cited journals were divided into three zones of productivity by using Bradford’s Law of Scattering. Results: There were 19,907 citations in 602 source articles. Journal articles were the most commonly cited format type. Of the 1,896 journal titles cited, 20 (1.1%) made up the core journals. Together, the fields of medicine, health education, and psychology accounted for 85.0% of the journals in 331 the core. Self-citation was found to be a common practice in the source journals. Scopus had the broadest journal coverage of the indexes examined. Conclusions: The results of this study provide a new picture of the health education literature: The volume has grown significantly, cites older materials, and relies less on sexual health journals and more on psychology journals. Keywords: Bradford’s Law, Citations, Journals, Literature, Mapping, Medicine, Psychology, Scopus, Self-Citation 332 Title: Journal of Medical Microbiology Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Microbiology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Med. Microbiol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Microbiol ISSN: 0022-2615 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher Address: 530 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3621 Subject Categories: Microbiology: Impact Factor ? Trakulsomboon, S., Dance, D.A., Smith, M.D., White, N.J. and Pitt, T.L. (1997), Ribotype differences between clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 46 (7), 565-570. Abstract: Burkholderia pseudomallei is isolated frequently from the soil in regions where the disease melioidosis occurs. However, recent surveys in Thailand have shown that the frequency of isolation of the organism from soil samples is not directly related to the incidence of melioidosis in an area. To determine whether strain populations of B. pseudomallei prevalent in soil are gentypically related to strains causing clinical disease, rRNA BamHI restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of 139 soil environmental isolates and 228 human isolates were compared. Two groups of ribotype patterns were found. Group I comprised 37 different ribotype patterns which were characterised by five to eight hybridisation bands of 2.8-> 23 kb. All of these ribotypes were identified among the clinical isolates, and 18 of them were also found in 59 environmental isolates. Group II was represented by 12 ribotypes found only in environmental strains. These ribotype patterns comprised one to five bands in the size range 9-> 23 kb. All but one of the 73 isolates in this group grew on a minimal medium supplemented with L-arabinose. In contrast, only 3% of the 66 isolates from the environment with group I ribotype patterns could utilise this sugar as their sole energy source. These findings suggest that B. pseudomallei strains that utilise arabinose constitute a population that is genetically distinct from other environmental and clinical strains. Keywords: Pseudomonas-Pseudomallei, Melioidosis, Thailand, Vietnam, Genus, NOV ? Hawkey, P.M., Bhagani, S. and Gillespie, S.H. (2003), Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): Breathtaking progress. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 52 (8), 609-613. 333 Title: Journal of Medical Systems Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Systems ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Med. Syst. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Syst ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Stambuk Giljanovic, N. and Matokovic, B. (1999), Information subsystem of the chemical coefficients K1 and K2 as the base for the study of the ecological factors that influence human health. Journal of Medical Systems, 23 (2), 159-169. Full Text: 1999\J Med Sys23, 159.pdf Abstract: With regard to the relatively limited water supply in the area of Dalmatia (Southern Croatia), water supply system and health care institutions are especially interested in observing and monitoring the waters, as well as preserving their quality. The ecological need to sum up the work on water quality investigations led us to monitor the environment. Because it is necessary, from the informatical aspect, to organize mass ecological health data into databases, the relational database for the research of chemical analyses (coefficients K1 and K2) as the methodological foundation for the study of the ecological factors that influence human health is defined in this paper. Results used for the prototype implementation subsystem of the chemical water analysis control are based on the investigations of the Water Examination Department of the Public Health Institute of the Split-Dalmatian County (Croatia). Over 2500 data comprised the examination sample. The software used included Win’95, MO’97, and Paradox 4.5, while the hardware used included Pentium II 200 MHz, floppy, 64 MB RAM, HDD 2.1 GB, CD×24, HP Ljet 4L. ? Rada, R. (2006), Characterizing cancer information systems. Journal of Medical Systems, 30 (3), 153-157. Full Text: 2006\J Med Sys30, 153.pdf Abstract: The objective is to determine the extent to which information systems (IS) for cancer are unique and necessary. Via an analysis of Medical Subject Headings used to index relevant literature and other bibliometric techniques, cancer IS are compared and contrasted with IS of other specialties. Cancer IS are relatively little discussed 334 and primarily connect radiation equipment with the radiation oncology staff. By contrast, clinical laboratory and radiology IS are frequently discussed and connect specialized equipment to the hospital. A “Specialty Need” model accounts for these patterns and says that the “need for a specialty IS” is proportional to the “uniqueness of the specialty tools” plus the “degree to which the information from those tools is needed throughout the particular health care entity.”. Keywords: Accounts, Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Cancer, Cancer Information Systems, Clinical, Health, Health Care, Hospital, Index, Information, Management Information Systems, Model, Oncology, Radiation, Radiation Oncology, Radiology, Techniques, Technology, Tools 335 Title: Journal of Medical Virology Full Journal Title: Journal of Medical Virology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Med. Syst. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Med Syst ISSN: 0146-6615 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Impact Factor ? Falagas, M.E., Karavasiou, A.I. and Bliziotis, I.A. (2005), Estimates of global research productivity in virology. Journal of Medical Virology, 76 (2), 229-233. Full Text: J\J Med Vir76, 229.pdf Abstract: The quantity and quality of published research in the field of Virology by different world regions was estimated in this study. Using the PubMed database, articles from journals included in the “Virology” category of the “Journal Citation Reports” database of the Institute for Scientific Information for the period 1995-2003 were retrieved. The world was divided into nine regions based on geographic, economic, and scientific criteria. Data on the country of origin of the research was available for 33,425 out of 33,712 articles (99.2% of all articles from the included journals). USA exceeds all other world regions in research production for the period studied (42% of total articles), with Western Europe ranking second (35.7%). The mean impact factor in articles published in Virology journals was highest for the USA (4.60), while it was 3.90 for Western Europe and 3.22 for the rest of the world (seven regions combined). USA and Canada ranked first in research productivity when both gross national income per capita (GNIPC) and population were taken into account. The results of this analysis show a distressing fact; the absolute and relative production of research in the field of Virology by the developing regions is very low, although viral diseases cause considerable morbidity and mortality in these areas. It is evident from this study that developing regions need more help from the developed regions to enhance research infrastructure. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Global Trends, Gross Domestic Product, Gross National Income, Impact Factor, Impact Factor, Indexes, Institute For Scientific Information, Journals, Origin, Population, Pubmed, Research, Research Productivity, Science, Virology 336 Title: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Moll, W. (1965), Science Citation Index. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 8 (2), 277-278. Full Text: 1960-80\J Med Che8, 277.pdf Keywords: Citation, Science Citation Index 337 Title: Journal of Membrane Science Full Journal Title: Journal of Membrane Science ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Membr. Sci. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Membrane Sci ISSN: 0376-7388 Issues/Year: 26 Journal Country/Territory: Netherlands Language: English Publisher: Elsevier Science BV Publisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands Subject Categories: Engineering, Chemical: Impact Factor 1.581, 4/110 (1999); Impact Factor 1.587, 7/117 (2000); Impact Factor 1.965, 6/126 (2002); Impact Factor 2.081, 5/119 (2003); Impact Factor 2.108, 7/116 (2004); Impact Factor 2.654, 4/116 (2005); Impact Factor 3.442, 3/110 (2006) Polymer Science: Impact Factor 1.587, 9/69 (2000); Impact Factor 1.965, 7/74 (2002); Impact Factor 2.081, 10/72 (2003); Impact Factor 2.108, 8/75 (2004); Impact Factor 2.654, 9/77 (2005); Impact Factor 3.442, 5/75 (2006) Paul, H., Philipsen, C., Gerner, F.J. and Strathmann, H. (1988), Removal of organic vapors from air by selective-membrane permeation. Journal of Membrane Science, 36, 363-372. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci36, 363.pdf Abstract: Many industrial processes such as printing, metal cleaning or painting produce waste air streams containing low concentrations of organic solvents, such as acetone, toluene, perchloroethane, xylene, etc. The total value of the solvent lost with the waste air is considerable. In addition, these solvents represent a significant pollution problem, and in recent years several procedures for recovering solvents from air, such as carbon adsorption, incineration, etc. have been introduced in the industry. All of them show some draw-backs in terms of efficiency, reliability and costs. In this paper a membrane process is described, which provides an attractive alternative to the conventional methods. In a basic study the permeabilities of acetone, toluene, xylene, dichloroethane and dichloromethane through a homogeneous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane have been determined using a pressure difference between 400 and 1000 mbar as driving force. The selectivity of the membrane for the various solvents and their dependence on the solvent concentration in a mixture with nitrogen were studied. The selectivities of the PDMS membrane for the solvent/nitrogen mixtures were in the range of S = 70-160, depending on the 338 solvent and its concentration in the feed mixture. Based on these data a pilot plant process has been designed in which a solvent is recovered from a waste air stream and the depleted air is recycled into the waste air producing process. The solvent which has permeated the membrane is recovered as a liquid by condensation. Thus, complete recycling of air and solvents is possible. In a cost analysis it has been demonstrated that the membrane process is indeed an attractive alternative to conventional air cleaning techniques. ? Oldani, M., Killer, E., Miquel, A. and Schock, G. (1992), On the nitrate and monovalent cation selectivity of ion-exchange membranes used in drinking-water purification. Journal of Membrane Science, 75 (3), 265-275. Full Text: 1992\J Mem Sci75, 265.pdf Abstract: The nitrate selectivities of commercially available anion exchange membranes were investigated in batch electrodialysis experiments with synthetic drinking water at relatively low current densities. High selectivities were found for sea water concentration membranes and those are thus preferred for nitrate removal from drinking water using electrodialysis. The best performance was found for the Neosepta ACS anion exchange membrane of Tokuyama Soda Co. The monovalent cation selectivities in drinking water are much the same for all standard grade cation exchange membranes. The special grade water softening membranes can be used in combination with sea water concentration AX membranes to remove nitrate from hard waters. Keywords: Drinking Water, Electrodialysis, Nitrate Removal, Reduction, Reverse-Osmosis, Selectivity, Water Pollution Broom, G.P., Squires, R.C., Simpson, M.P.J. and Martin, I. (1994), The treatment of heavy metal effluents by cross-flow microfiltration. Journal of Membrane Science, 87 (1-2), 219-230. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci87, 219.pdf Abstract: The application of crossflow microfiltration for the treatment of industrial wastewaters containing toxic heavy metals is described and the performance quantified and compared with technologies which are traditionally used for the treatment of such wastewaters. Case histories of the treatment of wastewaters generated from the metal plating industry and a battery recycling plant are given together with the operational performance of the full scale crossflow microfiltration plants which were subsequently installed. Metals of particular interest are cadmium, mercury and chromium where removals down to the ppb range are currently being requested. Heavy metal bearing effluents have traditionally been treated by the adjustment of the pH with lime or caustic soda to precipitate hydrated metal oxides. Sometimes a sulphide compound or other materials are added which cause the production of heavy metal compounds with lower solubility products. Removal of 339 the heavy metal precipitate is then usually accomplished by settlement, occasionally followed by sand filtration [1]. With the advent of more stringent environmental legislation regarding the quality of the final disposal stream, the use of crossflow microfiltration is becoming an attractive alternative to the more conventional methods of treatment. The performance of settling tanks, settling tanks in conjunction with sand filters and a crossflow microfiltration system was assessed by pilot trials on a mixed plating effluent. The tests were carried out by Cory Environmental at their West Thurrock treatment plant in London. This plant is a toxic waste plant which receives and treats industrial wastewaters from UK industries. Tests were also carried out at a lead-acid battery breaking, lead recovery and refining plant, the waste water from this plant required treatment before disposal into the River Thames. The crossflow microfiltration system is based upon the concept of using a dynamic membrane to form the filtration medium. This membrane is laid down on the internal wall of a woven fabric cloth and may be formed by either the solids naturally present in the feed suspension or by the deposition of materials such as diatomaceous earth, metal hydroxides or kaolin. In this application the heavy metal precipitate provides a suitable membrane without the introduction of filter aids. Keywords: Microfiltration, Cross-Flow, Heavy Metals, Dynamic Membrane ? Fick, A. (1995), On liquid diffusion (reprinted from the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Vol 10, pg 30, 1855). Journal of Membrane Science, 100 (1), 33-38. Full Text: 1995\J Mem Sci100, 33.pdf Zeng, X.F. and Ruckenstein, E. (1996), Supported chitosan-dye affinity membranes and their protein adsorption. Journal of Membrane Science, 117 (1-2), 271-278. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci117, 271.pdf Abstract: Chitosan-dye affinity microporous membranes supported on polyethersulfone are suggested to be used for protein separation. They were prepared via the phase inversion method, followed by the coupling of the Cibacron Blue F3GA to the membranes. The effect of temperature on the coupling, the adsorption of human serum albumin on the coupled membrane and the effect of the flow rate through the membrane on the amount adsorbed were investigated. Notes: highly cited ? Lawson, K.W. and Lloyd, D.R. (1997), Membrane distillation. Journal of Membrane Science, 124 (1), 1-25. Full Text: 1997\J Mem Sci124, 1.pdf Abstract: This paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the separation process known as membrane distillation, MD. An introduction to the terminology and fundamental concepts associated with MD as well as a historical review of the developments in MD are presented. Membrane properties, transport phenomena, and module design 340 are discussed in detail. A critical evaluation of the MD literature is incorporated throughout this review. Keywords: Membrane Distillation, Microporous and Porous Membranes, Vapor Permeation, Induced Phase-Separation, Isotactic Polypropylene Membranes, Microporous Membranes, Concentration Polarization, Hydrophobic Membranes, Mass-Transfer, Waste-Water, Crystallization Kinetics, Temperature Polarization, Desalination Process Denizli, A., Tanyolaç, D., Salih, B., Aydinlar, E., Ozdural, A. and Piskin, E. (1997), Adsorption of heavy-metal ions on Cibacron Blue F3GA-immobilized microporous polyvinylbutyral-based affinity membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 137 (1-2), 1-8. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci137, 1.pdf Abstract: Microporous polyvinylbutyral membranes were prepared by a solvent-casting technique. An affinity dye, i.e., Cibacron Blue F3GA was then immobilized. These affinity membranes with a high water content of 89%, and carrying 3.3 mmol Cibacron Blue F3GA/m2 membrane were used in the adsorption/stripping of some selected heavy-metal ions (e.g. Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II)) from aqueous media containing different amounts of these ions (0.024-4.60 mmol/l) and at different pH values (2.0-9.0). Adsorption rates were very high, and adsorption equilibria were reached in ca. 15 min. The maximum adsorptions of heavy-metal ions onto the Cibacron Blue F3GA-immobilized affinity membranes from their single solutions were 7.0 mmol/m2 for Cu(II), 16.8 mmol/m2 for Zn(II), 22.2 mmol/m2 for Cd(II), and 34.2 mmol/m2 for Pb(II). Similar behavior wasobserved when the heavy-metal ions competed (in the case of theadsorption from their mixture), the order of affinity was Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) > Cu(II). Heavy-metal ions regeneration was achieved by using 0.1 M HNO3 in 30 min. It was observed that heavy-metal ions could be repeatedly adsorbed and stripped without significant loss in adsorption capacity. ? Causserand, C., Jover, K., Aimar, P. and Meireles, M. (1997), Modification of clay cake permeability by adsorption of protein. Journal of Membrane Science, 137 (1-2), 31-44. Full Text: 1997\J Mem Sci137, 31.pdf Abstract: During tangential filtration of solid-liquid suspensions, cake formation occurs at membrane surface, a major consequence of which is a decline of flux to, at best, a limit value. In order to show the influence of the composition and properties of the fluid on cake formation, experiments have been performed with a colloidal suspension of clay in the absence or in the presence of protein. We have studied the effects of solution characteristics (ionic strength and pH) on physico-chemical properties of the suspension, such as mean diameter and zeta potential and on separation performances such as ultrafiltration Limiting flux. By taking into account 341 electrostatic interactions, it has been possible to explain (i) the evolution in the adsorption isotherms of the protein on the clay with the physico-chemical conditions (II) the consequences of this adsorption on the limiting flux. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Bovine Serum-Albumin, Charged Polystyrene Surfaces, Clay, Colloids Mixture, Composition, Conformation, Consequences, Evolution, Filtration, Flux, Human-Plasma Albumin, Interactions, Ionic Strength, Isotherms, Limiting Flux, Membrane, Membranes, Microfiltration, Montmorillonite, Pancreas Ribonuclease, Permeability, pH, Physico-Chemical Properties, Properties, Protein, Separation, Surface, Suspension, Ultrafiltration, Ultrafiltration, Zeta Potential ? Huang, S.J., Durning, C.J. and Freeman, B.D. (1998), Modeling weakly non-linear two-stage sorption kinetics in glassy polymer films. Journal of Membrane Science, 143 (1-2), 1-11. Full Text: 1998\J Mem Sci143, 1.pdf Abstract: A model for non-Fickian gradient diffusion in polymer-penetrant systems is studied to assess its capability in predicting experimental results in weakly non-linear differential vapor sorption experiments at conditions when “two-stage” sorption kinetics occur. The effects of six dimensionless parameters in the model on predictions of sorption kinetics are evaluated systematically by numerical simulations. The model predicts a number of observable trends. The predictions are compared successfully with sorption data of acetone vapor in VECTRA(R), a glassy random copolyester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (HBA/HNA). The results are relevant to the application of VECTRA(R) and related polymers as barrier materials. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. Keywords: Acetone, Application, Barrier, Barrier Membranes, Data, Diffusion, Ethylbenzene System, Experimental, Experiments, Kinetics, Model, Modeling, Mutual Diffusion, Non-Fickian Diffusion, Polymer, Polymers, Predictions, Science, Sorption, Sorption Kinetics, Systems, Theory, Transport, Trends, Two-Stage Sorption ? Ludtke, K., Peinemann, K.V., Kasche, V. and Behling, R.D. (1998), Nitrate removal of drinking water by means of catalytically active membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 151 (1), 3-11. Full Text: 1998\J Mem Sci151, 3.pdf Abstract: The reduction of nitrate to nitrogen in aqueous solutions by means of catalytically active membranes has been investigated. A heterogeneous catalyst (Pd, Cu) has been incorporated in a microporous polyetherimide membrane. After saturation with hydrogen nitrate containing water was filtered through these membranes. The nitrate reduction was studied as a function of pH, volume flow and 342 temperature. It could be demonstrated that the catalyst remained active in the polymer matrix. The calculated activation energy for nitrate reduction is indicating that the reaction is dominated by mass transfer and diffusion. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Catalyst, Catalytically Active Membrane, Drinking Water, Microporous And Porous Membranes, Nitrate Reduction, Water Treatment Notes: highly cited ? Jones, K.L. and O’Melia, C.R. (2000), Protein and humic acid adsorption onto hydrophilic membrane surfaces: Effects of pH and ionic strength. Journal of Membrane Science, 165 (1), 31-46. Full Text: 2000\J Mem Sci165, 31.pdf Abstract: The effects of solution chemistry on the rate and extent of adsorption of a protein (BSA) and humic acid (Suwannee River humic acid) onto a regenerated cellulose ultrafiltration membrane were studied. Isotherms were performed to determine equilibrium adsorption behavior. Rate of adsorption was determined by measuring adsorbed mass as a function of time. Experiments were performed at differing conditions of pH, ionic strength and bulk feed concentration. For both compounds, adsorption was higher at lower pH values. Adsorption decreased as pH increased. Increased salt concentration reduces electrostatic repulsion between like-charged material (increasing adsorption) and decreases electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged material (decreasing adsorption), These interactions between the adsorbing material and the membrane surface affect the adsorption rate, which was evaluated using two mechanistic models, The modeling was designed to determine the governing mechanism in adsorption onto the hydrophilic membrane surface. These models confirmed that, under conditions of this study, the transport rate to the membrane surface is fast compared to the reactions at the membrane surface, thus electrostatic interactions are very important in determining adsorption of this material onto the membrane. Controlling electrostatic interactions could reduce adsorption of protein and humic material onto the membrane, consequently reducing long-term membrane fouling. Parameters from the models developed in this study can be used to determine the “fouling potential” of a given feed stream, (C)2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ultrafiltration Membranes, Humic Material, Protein Adsorption, Electrostatic Interactions, Membrane Fouling, Air Water Interface, Ultrafiltration Membranes, Kinetics, Flux Juang, R.S. and Shiau, R.C. (2000), Metal removal from aqueous solutions using chitosan-enhanced membrane filtration. Journal of Membrane Science, 165 (2), 159-167. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci165, 159.pdf 343 Abstract: The removal of divalent metal ions including Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions by membrane filtration was studied with the help of water-soluble chitosan. The Amicon regenerated cellulose YM10 and YM30 were used as ultrafilters. Experiments were performed as a function of aqueous pH, the concentration ratio of chitosan to metals (beta), and applied pressure (P). It was shown that at neutral condition the removal of Cu(II) was more efficient compared to other metals. Furthermore, metal removal from acidic solutions (pH < 6) could be enhanced by 6-10 times via the addition of chitosan. The effect of the presence of inorganic salts on the removal was also studied. Finally, the fouling phenomena during filtration was analyzed by conventional filtration theory considering compressible nature of the deposited gel. Keywords: Soluble Polymers, Ultrafiltration, Separation, Binding, Derivatives, Adsorption, Retention, Wastes, Acid, Ions, Metal Removal, Water-Soluble Chitosan, Membrane Filtration, Fouling Analysis Notes: highly cited ? Klein, E. (2000), Affinity membranes: A 10-year review. Journal of Membrane Science, 179 (1-2), 1-27. Full Text: 2000\J Mem Sci179, 1.pdf Abstract: A review of affinity membrane publications from 1989 to 1999 is presented containing six major divisions: (a) modification of existing membranes for affinity adsorption applications; (b) membranes specifically prepared for affinity binding; (c) module designs for immuno- and other affinity sorption processes; (d) the kinetics of the affinity sorption process; (e) a selection of interesting applications that have appeared during the period and (f) a summary of reviews published during the period. Although there have been a large number of membrane preparation and process applications described in the literature during the period covered by the review, the commercialization of affinity membranes remains meager: One purpose f the review is to point out opportunities for more applied development of affinity membranes, including the design of appropriate modules to house them. From the available literature it should be possible to produce high efficiency separation devices based on the combination of sieving and adsorption characteristics of affinity membranes. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorption, Affinity Membranes, Chromatography, Commercialization, Hollow-Fiber Membranes, Hydroxyl-Groups, Immunoaffinity Chromatography, Immunoglobulin-G, Immunosorbents, Ion-Exchange Membrane, Kinetics, Ligands, Membranes, Monoclonal-Antibodies, Performance, Protein Adsorption, Purification, Sorption, Stationary Phases Cassano, A., Molinari, R., Romano, M. and Drioli, E. (2001), Treatment of aqueous effluents of the leather industry by membrane processes: A review. Journal of 344 Membrane Science, 181 (1), 111-126. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci181, 111.pdf Abstract: A general overview on the potentiality of membrane processes in the treatment of aqueous solutions coming from the leather industry is reported. The wet operations of the leather cycle which can be combined with or modified by membrane processes, such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis, have been described on the basis of consolidated applications and experimental tests on laboratory and industrial pilot scale. Some new applications are also proposed. The membranes and modules employed for the treatment of the effluents, pretreatment of fluids, cleaning procedures and fluid dynamic conditions in experimental applications are reported and discussed. An outline of direct and indirect energy analysis of tanning operations and the results of a mathematical model applied to the degreasing step are also presented. The integrated membrane processes described permit to rationalize the tanning cycle realizing the recovery and the recycle of several chemicals utilized in the tanneries. A reduction of environmental impact, a simplification of cleaning-up processes of wastewaters, an easy re-use of sludges, a decrease of disposal costs, a saving of chemicals and water and of direct and indirect energy are some advantages coming from the described membrane operations. In the future a wider application of the more consolidated membrane processes in this field is expected in the plant innovation phase of a tanning factory. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Leather Industry, Water Treatments, Ultrafiltration, Reverse Osmosis, Energy Saving, Operations, Chemicals, Chromium Notes: highly cited ? Kerres, J.A. (2001), Development of ionomer membranes for fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science, 185 (1), 3-27. Full Text: 2001\J Mem Sci185, 3.pdf Abstract: In this contribution an overview is given about the state-of-the-art at the membrane development for proton-conductive polymer (composite) membranes for the application membrane fuel cells, focusing on the membrane developments in this field performed at ICVT. For preparation of the polymers, processes have been developed for sulfonated arylene main-chain polymers as well as for arylene main-chain polymers containing basic N-containing groups, including a lithiation step. Covalently cross-linked polymer membranes have been prepared by alkylation of the sulfinate groups of sulfinate group-containing polymers with alpha, omega -dihalogenoalkanes. The advantage of the covalently cross-linked ionomer membranes was their dimensional stability even at temperatures of 80-90°C, their 345 main disadvantage their brittleness when drying out, caused by the inflexible covalent network. Sulfonated and basic N-containing polymers (commercial polymers as well as self-developed ones) have been combined to acid-base blends containing ionic cross-links. The main advantage of these membrane type was its flexibility even when dried-out, its good to excellent thermal stability, and the numerous possibilities to combine acidic and basic polymers to blend membranes having fine-tuned properties. The main disadvantage of this membrane type was the insufficient dimension stability at T > 70-90°C, caused by breakage of the ionic cross-links, where the ionic cross-links broke as easier as lower the basicity of the polymeric base was. Some of the acid-base blend membranes were applied to H-2 membrane fuel cells and to direct methanol fuel cells up to 100°C, yielding the result that these membranes show very good perspectives in the membrane fuel cell application. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: 2001, Alkene-Alkane Mixtures, Contribution, Covalent Cross-Linking, Dmfc, Exchange Membranes, Fuel Cell, Fuel Cells, H-2, Hybrid Materials, Ionic Cross-Linking, Membrane Fuel Cells, Metalation Route, Oxidation, PEFC, Perstractive Separation, Physical-Properties, Polymers, Proton, Proton-Conductive Ionomer Blend Membranes, PSU Blend Membranes, Sulfonated Engineering Polymers Notes: highly cited ? Kreuer, K.D. (2001), On the development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science, 185 (1), 29-39. Full Text: 2001\J Mem Sci185, 29.pdf Abstract: The transport properties and the swelling behaviour of NAFION and different sulfonated polyetherketones are explained in terms of distinct differences on the microstructures and in the pK(a) of the acidic functional groups. The less pronounced hydrophobic/hydrophilic separation of sulfonated polyetherketones compared to NAFION corresponds to narrower, less connected hydrophilic channels and to larger separations between less acidic sulfonic acid functional groups. At high water contents, this is shown to significantly reduce electroosmotic drag and water permeation whilst maintaining high proton conductivity. Blending of sulfonated polyetherketones with other polyaryls even further reduces the solvent permeation (a factor of 20 compared to NAFION), increases the membrane flexibility in the dry state and leads to an improved swelling behaviour. Therefore, polymers based on sulfonated polyetherketones are not only interesting low-cost alternative membrane material for hydrogen fuel cell applications, they may also help to reduce the problems associated with high water drag and high methanol cross-over in direct liquid methanol fuel cells (DMFC). The relatively high conductivities observed for oligomers containing imidazole as functional groups may be exploited in fully 346 polymeric proton conducting systems with no volatile proton solvent operating at temperatures significantly beyond 100C, where methanol vapour may be used as a fuel in DMFCs. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: NAFION, Polymer Membrane, Direct Liquid Methanol Fuel Cell, Proton Conductivity, Electroosmotic Drag, Permeation, Proton Diffusion, Electroosmotic Drag, Water Management, Phosphoric-Acid, Temperature, Mechanism, Oxidation, Model, NMR ? Metsämuuronen, S., Howell, J. and Nyström, M. (2002), Critical flux in ultrafiltration of myoglobin and baker’s yeast. Journal of Membrane Science, 196 (1), 13-25. Full Text: 2002\J Mem Sci196, 13.pdf Abstract: Critical fluxes were determined by constant flux ultrafiltration (UF) experiments under laminar flow conditions. The experiments were performed by using hydrophilic C30G and hydrophobic GR51 ultrafiltration membranes and dilute myoglobin solutions and baker’s yeast suspensions as model colloids. Solution concentration, pH and cross-flow were investigated. The critical flux increased with increasing flow velocity and decreasing solute concentration. The regenerated cellulose C30G membrane exhibited hi-her critical fluxes than the polysulphone GR51 membrane. The highest critical flux was obtained at pH 8 in the presence of repulsive electrostatic forces between the molecules and the surface of the membrane and the lowest at the isoelectric points of the colloids. In the case of baker’s yeast below the critical flux, the flux was about the same as the pure buffer solution flux showing a strong form of the critical flux. This also occurred with the C30G membrane at low concentrations of myoglobin except at pH 6 when a weak form of the critical flux was measured. With the GR51 membrane, the permeate flux deviated from the pure buffer solution flux even at the lowest fluxes. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorption, Baker’s Yeast, Colloids, Concentration Polarization, Critical Flux, Cross-Flow Microfiltration, Filtration, Fouling, Membranes, Myoglobin, Particle Deposition, Performance, Proteins, Suspensions, Ultrafiltration, Yeast Koltuniewicz, A.B., Witek, A. and Bezak, K. (2004), Efficiency of membrane-sorption integrated processes. Journal of Membrane Science, 239 (1), 129-141. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci239, 129.pdf Abstract: The paper presents the characteristics of membrane-sorption integrated process, which comprise sorption of the solute with membrane separation of the sorbent. The main advantage of this separation method is the high efficiency and lower costs of the process comparing with classical sorption in fixed beds. The variety of sorbents and binding materials in form of very fine particles may be applied in this system. This increases the specific surface of the sorbent and consequently rise the uptake of the sorbate and enhances kinetics. Moreover, the high 347 intensity of the process may be achieved due to synergetic effects of sorbent concentrating at membrane vicinity. The best results may be accomplished when flux is maintained below critical value and when the permeate flux is fully synchronized with the sorption kinetics and rate of sorbent renewal on membrane surface. Sorbent’s “residence time” at membrane surface may be controlled by various means such as backflushing, cross-flow, reverse flow, pulsations, gas sparking, etc. The experimental results on membrane biosorption of heavy metals fully support this idea. The mathematical model enables to attain the optimum process conditions. A new factor, i.e. biosorption efficiency has been introduced as a criterion to evaluate the process performance, which comprised yield and selectivity of separation simultaneously. Keywords: Integrated Systems, Biosorption, Heavy Metals, Yeasts Separation, Microfiltration Arıca, M.Y., Yılmaz, M., Yalçın, E. and Bayramoğlu, G. (2004), Surface properties of Reactive Yellow 2 immobilised pHEMA and HEMA/chitosan membranes: characterisation of their selectivity to different proteins. Journal of Membrane Science, 240 (1-2), 167-178. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci240, 167.pdf Abstract: Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate), pHEMA, and a composite pHEMA/chitosan networks were synthesized in the membrane form via UV initiated photo-polymerisation in the presence of an initiator ,‘-azoisobutyronitrile. Reactive Yellow 2 (RY-2) was covalently immobilised as a dye–ligand onto both membranes. The polarity and surface energy of the investigated membranes were determined by contact angle measurement. The incorporation of chitosan in the pHEMA networks produced more hydrophilic surface, as indicated by contact angle analysis. The binding characteristics of lysozyme, -globulins, human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to pHEMA-RY-2 and pHEMA/chitosan-RY-2 affinity membranes have been investigated from aqueous solution and their dye–ligand free forms were used as control systems. When chitosan was incorporated in the pHEMA network as a cationic polymer led to higher adsorption capacity for the lysozyme. Selective adsorption behaviour was also observed in the case of pHEMA/chitosan-RY-2 membrane for the lysozyme. The non-specific adsorptions of the lysozyme on the pHEMA and pHEMA/chitosan membranes were about 1.9 and 7.2 mg/ml, respectively. These were negligible for all others investigated proteins. The lysozyme adsorption data was analysed using the first-order and the second-order models. The first-order equation in both affinity membrane systems is the most appropriate equation to predict the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents. The adsorption isotherms well fitted the combined Langmuir–Freundlich model. A theoretical analysis has been conducted to estimate 348 the thermodynamic contributions (changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy) for the adsorption of lysozyme to both dye–ligand immobilised membranes. The adsorption capacities of both dye–ligand immobilised membranes increased with increasing the temperature while decreased with increasing the NaCl concentration. Both affinity membranes are stable when subjected to sanitization with sodium hydroxide after repeated separation–elution cycles. Keywords: pHEMA, Chitosan; Reactive dye, Dye–ligand, Adsorption, Purification, Lysozyme, -Globulins, HAS, BSA, Contact Angle, Surface Energy, Thermodynamic Parameters Liao, X.P., Ma, H.W., Wang, R. and Shi, B. (2004), Adsorption of UO 22+ on tannins immobilized collagen fiber membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 243 (1-2), 235-241. Full Text: J\J Mem Sci243, 235.pdf Abstract: A novel adsorption membrane was prepared by immobilizing condensed vegetable tannins onto collagen fiber membrane. The tannins immobilized onto the membrane keep their ability of chelating metal ions and can withstand the exposure to water and organic agents. The adsorption capacities of bayberry tannin and black wattle tannin immobilized membranes to UO22+ were 56.8 mg U/g and 53.0 mg U/g, respectively, at 303 K when the initial concentration of UO22+ was 263 mg U/L.The adsorption isotherm of tannins immobilized membrane to UO22+ can be described by the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics of the membrane to UO22+ can be well described by the pseudo-second-order rate model. The adsorption capacity calculated by the pseudo-second-order rate model was closed to that determined by actually measurement. The continuous adsorption–desorption studies indicated that this kind of adsorption membrane has excellent adsorption–desorption properties. For monolayer membrane, more than 90% UO22+ was adsorbed when 500 mL UO22+ solution (conc. 263 mg U/L) passed through it. When three layers of membrane were employed, no UO22+ was detected until 1000 mL the effluent was collected. The membrane can be easily regenerated by a small quantity of 0.1 M HNO3 after adsorption, and therefore UO22+ can be greatly concentrated. The repeated adsorption–desorption experiments confirmed that the tannins immobilized membrane could be used for at least 10 times without considerable decrease of adsorption capacity. Keywords: Tannins, Immobilization, Collagen Fiber, Membrane, Adsorption, UO22+ ? Ho, Y.S. (2005), Comments on “Efficiency of membrane-sorption integrated processes”. Journal of Membrane Science, 263 (1-2), 160-161. Full Text: 2005\J Mem Sci263, 160.pdf J\J Mem Sci-Ho.pdf J\J Mem Sci-Ho-1.pdf Keywords: Quotation Accuracy, Pseudo-First-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Kinetics, Biosorption 349 ? Allègre, C., Moulin, P., Maisseu, M. and Charbit, F. (2006), Treatment and reuse of reactive dyeing effluents. Journal of Membrane Science, 269 (1-2), 15-34. Full Text: 2006\J Mem Sci269, 15.pdf Abstract: Industrial textile processing comprises the operations of pretreatment, dyeing, printing and finishing. These production processes are not only heavy consumers of energy and water; they also produce a substantial amount of chemical pollution. Of all dyed textile fibres, cotton occupies the number-one position, and more than 50% of its production is dyed with reactive dyes, owing to their technical characteristics. Unfortunately, this class of dyes is also the most unfavorable one from the ecological point of view, as the effluents produced are relatively heavily colored, contain high concentrations of salt and exhibit high BOD/COD values. Dyeing 1 kg of cotton with reactive dyes requires an average of 70-150L water, 0.6 kg NaCl and 40 g reactive dye. The composition of the dye bath which we propose to treat contains solid particles (cotton fibres), dyeing auxiliaries (organic compounds), hydrolyzed reactive dyes, substantial quantities of alkalis (sodium carbonate and soda ash) and very high concentration of sodium chloride or sodium sulfate. This paper presented the state of the art of the different processes currently used for the treatment of dye house wastewaters and evaluated a four-step process [1] to recover the water and the mineral salts, while leaving the spent dyes in the reject stream. Processes evaluated included (1) cartridge filtration to remove textile fibres, (2) acidification to make the brine recovered, suitable for reuse and further dyeing operations, (3) nanofiltration (NF) to concentrate the hydrolyzed dyes and (4) reverse osmosis (RO) to further concentrate the salts for reuse in the dyeing process. A cut-off of 100 mu m is sufficient to trap textile fibres, regardless of the type of effluent and the texture of the textile dyed. The hydrolyzed reactive dyes present in the treated effluents comprise the entire range of possible types of reactive dyes. For this acidification, we studied the influence of the concentration of sodium chloride, the influence of the temperature and we verified that the volume neither depends on the concentrations of reactive hydrolyzed dyes nor sodium chloride. After defining the nanofiltration membrane, we studied the effect of the pH, temperature, pressure and velocity as well as the experimental procedure on the permeate flux, recovery of the salt and removal of the color. An increase of either of the parameters temperature and pressure leads to an increase of the permeate flux. On the other hand, a rise in the pH leads to a decrease of the permeate fiux. The retention factor of the sodium chloride is low when the concentration of sodium chloride is high in the retentate. Our aim was to recover 80-90% of the sodium chloride, but our experiments showed that the recovery went as high as 99%. Depending on the dyes used, the experimental procedure can be carried out in one, two or three steps. The dye retention level was always higher than 98%. After studying the operating variables, experiments with the 350 recycled brines in new dyeing operations were carried out with specimen dyeings prepared with usual water using different classes of reactive dyes. There was no difference in the results in terms of depth, shade or fastness properties, whichever type of water was used. These last results therefore validate our process and its special innovative feature: recycling not only the water but also the mineral salts. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nanofiltration, Dye Effluents, Elimination of Dyes, Mineral Salts, Operating Conditions, Textile Waste-Water, Activated-Sludge, Nanofiltration Membranes, Dyehouse Effluents, Plant Effluent, Carbonic-Acid, Ultrafiltration, Dyes, Separation, Oxidation ? Ma, H.W., Liao, X.P., Liu, X. and Shi, B. (2006), Recovery of platinum(IV) and palladium(II) by bayberry tannin immobilized collagen fiber membrane from water solution. Journal of Membrane Science, 278 (1-2), 373-380. Full Text: 2006\J Mem Sci263, 160.pdf Abstract: The adsorption of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) on bayberry tannin immobilized collagen fiber (BTICF) membrane was investigated. The optimal pH for the adsorption of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) ions was found to be 3.0 and 4.0, respectively. The time for attaining adsorption equilibrium of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) was 60 and 240 min. The adsorption kinetic data of the two metal ions are well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption capacities of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) on 0.100 g BTICF membrane were 41.7 and 27.5 mg/g at 313 K. The adsorption isotherms of the membrane to both the ions are described by the Langmiur model. The adsorption extent remarkably increases with the increase of temperature and the ratio of membrane material to solution volume. The membrane saturated by Pt(IV) is easily regenerated by 0.1 M thiuorea, but the full regeneration is difficult after adsorption of Pd(II). The continuous adsorption experiments of 58.3 mg/L Pt(IV) and 48.8 mg/L Pd(II) solutions were undertaken by using three layers of membrane (total area 191 cm2), and it was found that no Pt(IV) and Pd(II) ions were detected until 700 and 1000 ml effluents were collected, respectively. Furthermore, competitive adsorption studies revealed that the membrane exhibits ability of selective adsorption to Pt(IV) and Pd(II) in the mixture solutions of metal ions. Keywords: Tannins, Collagen, Immobilization, Membrane, Adsorption, Platinum, Pall ? Chao, A.C., Yu, S.H. and Chuang, G.S. (2006), Using NaCl particles as porogen to prepare a highly adsorbent chitosan membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 280 (1-2), 163-174. Full Text: 2006\J Mem Sci280, 163.pdf Abstract: Macroporous chitosan membranes were prepared by using NaCl particles porogen and genipin as cross-linking agent. For characterization and sorption behavior comparison, other genipin cross-linked chitosan membranes were prepared 351 by either freeze drying or by using silica particles as porogen. The mean pore diameter, the porosity, the crystallinity index (CrI) as well as the effect of the drying procedures of these chitosan membranes were examined. NaCl reduced the CrI of the chitosan membrane. The oven drying (01)) procedure decreased the mean pore diameter, the porosity, and increased the CrI of the chitosan membranes when compared with the vacuum drying (VD) procedure. The heat treatment of chitosan membrane in aqueous NaOH to attract silica porogen increased the CrI of the membrane. Under the same conditions, the membranes prepared with NaCl had better sorption performance on RR 189 and Cu2+ than other membranes. The maximum sorption capacity (q(e)) reached 1836.17 mg RR 189/g chitosan and 151.98 mg Cu2+/g chitosan. The pore diameter (d(pore)) of the membranes was much larger than the diameter of the adsorbate molecules (d(adsorbate)), such that the ratio of d(pore)/d(adsorbate) had little influence on q(e). The porosity and the amorphous extent of the membranes were almost the same on q(e). When using tyrosinase catalyzing, the hydrocaffeic acid (HCA) grafted on the NaCl treated chitosan membrane was almost 10 times more than on chitosan beads. The chitosan membrane prepared with NaCl can be used as a good adsorbent with high loading capacity for implanting molecules (such as ligands, enzymes, etc.) on. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Chitosan Membrane, Nacl Porogen, Porosity, Crystallinity Index, Adsorbent, Low-Cost Adsorbents, Polymer Properties, Crystal-Structure, Heavy-Metals, Sorption, Adsorption, Complexation, Equilibrium, Dissolution, Sorbents ? Wu, J.S., Liu, C.H., Chu, K.H. and Suen, S.Y. (2008), Removal of cationic dye methyl violet 2B from water by cation exchange membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 309 (1-2), 239-245. Full Text: 2008\J Mem Sci309, 239.pdf Abstract: The removal of methyl violet 28, a cationic dye, from water using two kinds of strong-acid cation exchange membranes, ICE 450 supported (with sulfonic acid groups and ion exchange capacity of 9.6-31 mu eq/47 mm disc) and P81 (with phosphate groups and ion exchange capacity of 312 mu eq/47 mm disc), was investigated in this study. In the batch process, the adsorption isotherm results show that the P81 membrane exhibited a greater maximum adsorption capacity than the ICE 450 supported membrane. However, the latter exhibited stronger and faster dye adsorption behaviors. Different desorption solutions were tested in the batch desorption process and, for both membranes, the best desorption performance (similar to 100%) was achieved with an aqueous solution containing 1 M NaCl in 60% methanol. In the membrane chromatography process with one piece of 47 mm membrane at a flow rate of 1 or 8 mL/min, complete dye removal and recovery from a 20 mL feed with an initial dye concentration of 0.015 g/L could be achieved for 352 both membranes. The performance of both membranes remained practically unaltered during three successive cycles of dye adsorption and desorption. Lastly, to mimic the effluent produced by a typical dyehouse, a synthetic dye wastewater made up of 0.03 g/L methyl violet 2B and 2 g/L Na2SO4 at pH 3 and 100C was prepared and treated by both membranes in the membrane chromatography process. The extent of dye removal was decreased to 84-93% for the P81 membrane, which may be attributable to either salt ion competition or pH influence. By contrast, the ICE 450 supported membrane could attain nearly complete dye adsorption and desorption. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ion Exchange, Adsorption, Desorption, Dye Removal, Membrane Chromatography, Azo-Reactive Dyes, Waste-Water, Activated Carbon, Adsorption Characteristics, Nanofiltration Membranes, Dyehouse Effluents, Protein Separation, Industry Waste, Color Removal, Bottom Ash ? Liu, C.X. and Bai, R.B. (2006), Adsorptive removal of copper ions with highly porous chitosan/cellulose acetate blend hollow fiber membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 284 (1-2), 313-322. Full Text: 2006\J Mem Sci284, 313.pdf Abstract: In this study, highly porous adsorptive hollow fiber membranes were directly prepared from chitosan (CS) and cellulose acetate (CA) blend solutions and were examined for copper ion removal from aqueous solutions in a batch adsorption mode. Four types of hollow fiber membranes were spun from two CS/CA blends (with a CS/CA/forming acid ratio of 3/12/85 or 2/18/80) in two types of coagulants (water or 3 wt.% NaOH solution). All the CS/CA blend hollow fiber membranes displayed sponge-like and macrovoids-free structures, with specific surface areas in the ranue of 12.2-15.2 m2/g, porosities of 70.4-79.7%, and pore sizes of 0.05-0.2 m, depending on the CS/CA ratios and the type of coagulants used. Adsorption experiments showed that the CS/CA blend hollow fiber membranes had good adsorption capacity (up to 35.3-48.2 mg/g), fast adsorption rates and short adsorption equilibrium times (less than 20-70 min) for copper ions, and can work effectively at low copper ion concentrations (< 6.5 mg/L) to reduce the residual level to as low as 0.1-0.6 mg/L in the solution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) study confirmed that the adsorption of copper ions on the CS/CA blend hollow fiber membranes was mainly attributed to the formation of surface complexes with the nitrogen atoms of CS in the hollow fiber membranes, hence higher CS contents in the blend hollow fiber membranes rendering the membranes more adsorptive to copper ions. It was found that the copper ions adsorbed on the hollow fiber membranes can be effectively desorbed in an EDTA solution (up to 99% desorption efficiency) and the hollow fiber membranes can be reused almost without loss of the adsorption capacity for copper ions. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 353 Keywords: Adsorptive Membrane, Chitosan/Cellulose Acetate Blend Hollow Fiber, Copper Removal, Adsorption Kinetics And Mechanisms, Desorption, Heavy-Metal Ions, Chitosan Hydrogel Beads, Affinity Membranes, Microfiltration Membranes, Cross-Linking, Humic-Acid, Separation, Sorption, Performance, Collection ? Chao, A.C. (2008), Preparation of porous chitosan/GPTMS hybrid membrane and its application in affinity sorption for tyrosinase purification with Agaricus bisporus. Journal of Membrane Science, 311 (1-2), 306-318. Full Text: 2008\J Mem Sci311, 306.pdf Abstract: In this study NaCl particles (porogen) and gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) (cross-linking agent) were used to make chitosan-silica porous hybrid membranes. An optimal chitosan/GPTMS weight ratio 1: 1 was found to prepare a novel CSG 1.0 membrane. Both macropores (10.72-202.29 m) in the membrane matrix and micropores (0.008-0.01 m) in the skeleton of the macropores were observed on CSG1.0. Five compounds, histidine, glutamic acid, tyrosine, L-DOPA, and p-aminobenzoic acid were individually grafted onto CSG1.0. They are linked as ligands by genipin for affinity adsorption of tyrosinase from a crude Agaricus bisporus solution. This study indicates the p-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) grafted chitosan membrane (CSG-ABA) exhibited the best sorption capacity on tyrosinase. Only one band on SDS-PAGE gel was found from the eluted protein of CSG-ABA that identified the selective adsorption of CSG-ABA on tyrosinase. The behavior of tyrosinase sorption by CSG-ABA followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The sorption process was exothermal, and the sorption capacity decreased as the operation temperature increased. The negative value of the sorption S showed the tyrosinase sorption by CSG-ABA was enthalpic dominant. This study shows CSG1.0 membrane is suitable to be modified for bioproduct separation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Affinity Sorption, Agaricus Bisporus, Beads, Behavior, Biopolymers, Capacity, Chitosan, Chromatography, Cross-Linking, Crosslinking, Dehydration, Gamma-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Glutamic Acid, Grafted, Hybrid Membrane, Immobilization, Kinetics, L-Dopa, Macropores, Nacl, Particles, Pervaporation, Porogen, Protein, Purification, Rights, Selective Adsorption, Separation, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Process, Temperature, Tyrosinase ? Zha, F., Li, S.G., Chang, Y. and Yan, J. (2008), Preparation and adsorption kinetics of porous gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane crosslinked chitosan-beta-cyclodextrin membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 321 (2), 316-323. Full Text: 2008\J Mem Sci321, 316.pdf Abstract: Porous structured chitosan-p-cyclodextrin membranes were synthesized by 354 incorporating P-cyclodextrin polymers as the functional reagent and using gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as crosslinking agent. Compared with chitosan itself, the synthesized membranes showed significant changes in the molecular constitutions, crystalline and thermal properties. It was found that the mol ratio of the epoxy groups of gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane to the free amino groups of chitosan, as well as the solvent evaporated time, largely influenced the pore size and water content of the membranes. The effects of the initial concentration of adsorbate and the pH on the adsorption of hydroquinone were investigated by the spectrophotometry. Kinetic studies show the adsorption is a pseudo-second order process. The adsorption is endothermic and chemically activated reaction with activation energy of 70.0 kJ mol-1. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Absorption, Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption Kinetics, Beta-Cyclodextrin, Changes, Chitosan, Chitosan Membrane, Composite, Concentration, Crosslinking, Endothermic, Energy, Equilibrium, Gamma-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Hydroquinone, Ions, Kinetic, Kinetics, Matrix, Parameters, pH, Polymers, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Release, Rights, Separation, Size, Spectrophotometry, Waste, Water ? Chen, J.P., Ho, K.H., Chiang, Y.P. and Wu, K.W. (2009), Fabrication of electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibrous membranes by statistical approach for application in enzyme immobilization. Journal of Membrane Science, 340 (1-2), 9-15. Full Text: 2009\J Mem Sci340, 9.pdf Abstract: Response surface methodology based on a five-level, five-variable central composite rotatable design was used to model the average diameter of electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers. The effects studied include polymer concentration, distance, temperature, flow rate, and voltage. Fiber diameter was correlated to these variables by using a second-order polynomial function at a 95% confidence level. The analysis confirmed that polymer concentration, temperature, flow rate, and voltage were the significant factors affecting the diameter with the first three being the most significant ones. Also, no interaction effect terms were found to be significant. The coefficient of determination of the model was found to be 0.9443. The predicted fiber diameters were in agreement with the experimental results. The adequacy of the model was examined using additional independent experiments that were not employed in the model generation to fabricate 100-500 nm fibers with the average absolute relative deviation being 3.55%. A minimum fiber diameter of 36 nm was established and could be validated by experiments. When used for immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase by adsorption, the nanofibrous membranes 355 provided enzyme loading as high as 332 mg lipase/g fibers, which is 5.2 times the reported maximum value. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nanofibrous Membranes, Electrospinning, Response Surface Methodology, Enzyme Immobilization, Nanofiber Diameters, Response-Surface Methodology, Lipase Immobilization, Candida-Rugosa, Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Maleic Acid), Process Optimization, Polymer Nanofibers, Fibers, Adsorption, Diameter, Chitosan ? Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Haralambous, K.J. and Loizidou, M. (2010), Use of ultrafiltration membranes and aluminosilicate minerals for nickel removal from industrial wastewater. Journal of Membrane Science, 360 (1-2), 234-249. Full Text: 2010\J Mem Sci360, 234.pdf Abstract: This work investigated the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions and activated sludge by employing ultrafiltration (UF) membranes together with natural aluminosilicate minerals (bentonite, zeolite and vermiculite). The performance of the system was examined with respect to different parameters including the membrane nominal pore size, the temperature and pH of aqueous solution and sludge, the mineral type and concentration, the sludge MLSS concentration, the Ni(II) initial concentration and the metal-mineral contact time. The experiments were conducted in a batch ultrafiltration unit with constant initial Ni(II) concentration of 320 mg/l. The addition of 15 g/l of bentonite and 15 g/l of vermiculite at pH 6 resulted in Ni(II) removal efficiencies of 65.3% and 80.0% respectively due to sorption induced by minerals and sludge. The addition of 10 g/l vermiculite at pH 8 resulted in the production of a final effluent with Ni(II) concentration that met the EPA short-term effluent reuse limit of 2.0 mg/l. The processes involved in the removal of nickel consisted of biosorption onto sludge flocs, adsorption onto the mineral, retention of insoluble metal ions by the UF membranes and chemical precipitation. High temperatures, sludge MLSS concentrations and pH values favoured the nickel removal process. Film diffusion was important at the early stages of the process, while intraparticle diffusion was dominant at the later stages. The equilibrium isotherms for the minerals followed the Langmuir model, while sludge followed the Freundlich model. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Activated Sludge, Adsorption, Adsorption, Aluminosilicate, Aluminosilicate Minerals, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous Solutions, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Bentonite, Biosorption, Chemical, Concentration, Copper II, Diffusion, Equilibrium, Equilibrium Isotherms, Experiments, Flocs, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Heavy-Metals, Induced, Industrial Wastewater, Intraparticle Diffusion, Ions, Isotherms, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Model, Membrane, Metal, Metal Ions, Minerals, Model, Montmorillonite, Natural, Ni(II), Ni(II) Removal, Nickel, Nickel Removal, Performance, pH, Precipitation, Removal, Retention, Reuse, Rights, Size, Sludge, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamics, UF, 356 Ultrafiltration, Ultrafiltration Membranes, Vermiculite, Wastewater, Work, Zeolite 357 Title: Journal of Memory and Language Full Journal Title: Journal of Memory and Language ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Wade, E. and Clark, H.H. (1993), Reproduction and demonstration in quotations. Journal of Memory and Language, 32 (6), 805-819. Full Text: J\J Mem Lan32, 805.pdf Abstract: By traditional theories, direct quotations are attempts to reproduce speech verbatim. By an alternative demonstration theory, they are attempts to depict selective aspects of the original. So according to traditional theories, direct quotations should be used only for verbatim reproduction, but according to the demonstration theory, they can be used for stylistic reasons independent of verbatim accuracy. In a comparison of these theories, people were asked to recount what happened in videotaped dialogues under instructions either to be accurate or to entertain - after one viewing or after memorizing the dialogue. After one viewing, narrators were no more accurate in direct than in indirect quotation, regardless of instruction. After memorization, they produced verbatim quotations when asked to be accurate on the dialogue, but were quite inaccurate when asked to entertain. These and other findings favor the demonstration theory. 358 Title: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society Full Journal Title: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Griffiths, K.M., Banfield, M. and Leach, L. (2010), Mental health research in The Lancet: A case study. Journal of Mental Health, 19 (1), 17-25. Full Text: 2010\J Men Hea19, 17.pdf Abstract: Background: The Lancet recently declared that it intends to “make mental health one of its campaign focal points’’. However, it has been silent on the role it might play in disseminating mental health research. Aims: To examine The Lancet’s track record in publishing mental health research relative to its disease burden. Methods: Research articles (n = 733) published in The Lancet over a 2.5 year period (2003-2005) were coded according Global Burden of Disease (GBD) classification system and compared with data from the 2002 GBD study. A range of other characteristics including whether consumers were involved in the research process were coded. Results: Mental health articles (excluding neurological and substance abuse) accounted for 1.8% of articles but are responsible for a worldwide YLD of 22.8% (25.4% high income countries) and DALYs of 9.0% (14.7% in high income countries). Conclusion: Despite its commendable mental health advocacy work, mental health research is under-represented in The Lancet. The journal should take steps to ensure that the dissemination of mental health research is not a neglected aspect of their advocacy activities. Keywords: Abuse, Advocacy, Bibliometric, Burden, Case Study, Characteristics, Classification, Data, Disease, Disease Burden, Health, Health Research, Journal, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Neurological, Publishing, Record, Research, Research Priorities, Role, Stigma, Substance Abuse, Work 359 Title: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society Full Journal Title: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mex. Chem. Soc. JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Al-Anber, Z.A. and Al-Anber, M.A.S. (2008), Thermodynamics and kinetic studies of iron(III) adsorption by olive cake in a batch system. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 52 (2), 108-115. Full Text: 2008\J Mex Che Soc52, 108.pdf Abstract: The adsorption of Fe(III) ions from the aqueous solution model using olive cake as an adsorbent has been investigated. The influences of the initial pH, temperature, contact time and dosage of the adsorbent on adsorption performance have been experimentally verified by a batch method. The adsorbent used in this study exhibited a good adsorption potential at initial pH 4.5 for temperatures 28, 35 and 45C. The removal efficiency and distribution coefficient have also been determined for the adsorption system as a function of dosage of the adsorbent. The experimental results are described by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich (DKR) isotherm models. Experimental results show that the kinetic model of pseudo-second order provided a good description of the whole experimental data more than the kinetic of the Lagergren-first order. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Performance, Am, Andersen, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Batch, Batch Method, Contact, Data, Desalination, Distribution, Distribution Coefficient, Efficiency, Experimental, Fe(III), Freundlich, Function, Hazard, Heavy-Metals, Ions, Iron, Iron Ions, Isotherm, Isotherm Models, Isothermal and Kinetics Models, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Manage, Manganese, Mater, Model, Models, N, Olive Cake, P, Pb, Pd, Peanut Shells, Performance, pH, Potential, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Removal, Removal Efficiency, Residues, SCI, SE, Soil, Solution, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamics, Waste, Waste-Water, Water ? Solache-Rios, M.J., Villalva-Coyote, R. and az-Nava, M.D.C. (2010), Sorption and 360 desorption of remazol yellow by a Fe-Zeolitic tuff. Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society, 54 (1), 59-67. Full Text: J Mex Che Soc54, 59.pdf Abstract: The adsorption of remazol yellow from aqueous solution was evaluated using a Fe-zeolitic tuff. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Sorption kinetic and isotherms were determined and the adsorption behavior was analyzed. Kinetic pseudo-second order and Langmuir-Freundlich models were successfully applied to the experimental results, indicating chemisorption on a heterogeneous material. The regeneration of the material was best accomplished by using a H2O2 solution. The sorption capacity of the Fe-zeolitic tuff increased when the saturated samples were treated with a H2O2 or FeCl3 solution. Keywords: Activated Carbons, Adsorbent, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Aqueous Solution, Aqueous-Solutions, Behavior, Capacity, Carbonaceous Material, Chemisorption, Clinoptilolite-Rich Tuff, Desorption, Electron Microscopy, Experimental, Fe-Zeolitic Tuff, FeCl3, H2O2, Ions, IR, Isotherms, Kinetic, Langmuir-Freundlich, Models, Photo-Fenton Catalyst, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Regeneration, Remazol, Remazol Yellow, Removal, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Sewage-Sludge, Solution, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Spectroscopy, Water 361 Title: Journal of the Michigan Dental Association Full Journal Title: Journal of the Michigan Dental Association ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mich. Dent. Assoc. JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Rowe, N.H., Sidhu, K.S., Chadzynski, L. and Babcock, R.F. (1996), Potential public health risks related to mercury/amalgam discharge from dental offices. Journal of the Michigan Dental Association, 78 (2), 32-36. Abstract: Mercury is a toxic and bioaccumulative metal. It exists in elemental, inorganic and organic forms. The use of mercury by the dental profession represents approximately 6 percent of the total annual domestic consumption and is estimated to contribute significantly to the discharge of mercury (14 percent in one study) to waste-water streams. Publicly owned treatment works (POTW) must obtain and comply with a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System waste-water discharge permit. When minimal mercury discharge limits into surface waters are exceeded, an upstream search for contributors of mercury to the waste stream may result. Given the present sociopolitical environment, mercury discharge from dental offices will increasingly receive scrutiny. Strategies to minimize discharge of mercury/amalgam waste include engineering controls such as changes in the discharge process, changes in the composition of commercial products, and changes in control equipment. Governmental strategies include an outright ban, the setting of discharge standards, and educational efforts. Study of these strategies with evaluation of effectiveness is needed. 362 Title: Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science Full Journal Title: Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Hilmas, J. and Fluegel, W. (1978), Dictyostelium discoideum’s 35-year contribution to growth of biology: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science, 44 (3), 21-24. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Biology, Growth 363 Title: Journal of Microbiological Methods Full Journal Title: Journal of Microbiological Methods ISO Abbreviated Title: J Microbiol. Meth. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Microbiol Meth ISSN: 0167-7012 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam Publisher Address: Subject Categories: Chemistry, Physical: Impact Factor Savvaidis, I., Nobar, A., Hughes, M.N. and Poole, R.K. (1990), Displacement of surface-bound cationic dyes: a method for the rapid and semi-quantitative assay of metal binding to microbial surfaces. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 11 (2), 95-106. Full Text: J\J Mic Met11, 95.pdf Abstract: A method is described for the rapid and semi-quantitative assessment of the extent of metal ion binding to microbial cell surfaces. The technique is based on the affinity of such surfaces, which are predominantly anionic (by virtue of carboxyl, phosphate and other exposed groups), for binding cationic dyes, and on the ability of exogenous metal ions in solution to compete with and reverse dye binding. Thus, Janus Green bound to intact cells of Pseudomonas cepacia is readily displaced by one of several metal ions. For Cu, dye displacement is rapid (<1 min) and is a function of the amount of bound metal (as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy) at added Cu concentrations up to 2 mM. The nethod is applicable to other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and to yeast. In general, the order of efficacy of metal ions in displacing dye is Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ and, for the transition metals, is in accord with the Irving-Williams series. The method is readily scaled down and allows measurement of metal-induced dye displacement from cells in a single colony from solid medium. The advantages and limitations of the procedure are discussed and its wide applicability in biosorption studies proposed. Keywords: Biosorption, Biohydrometallurgy, Cell surface, binding of metals and dye, Metal-microbe interaction, Metal, uptake by microorganisms Ramalho, R., Cunha, J., Teixeira, P. and Gibbs, P.A. (2001), Improved methods for the enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria in bottled mineral waters. Journal of 364 Microbiological Methods, 44 (2), 97-103. Full Text: J\J Mic Met44, 97.pdf Abstract: At this time the European Union regulations require that the heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) of mineral waters be assessed at two recovery temperatures: 22 degreesC for 72 h and 37 degreesC for 24 h. This procedure is time consuming and expensive. Development of new rapid methods for microbiological assessment of the microbial flora in the bottled water is an industry-driven need. The objectives of this work were to develop a method for the HPC that utilises only one recovery temperature and one incubation period and evaluate the use of. the LIVE/DEAD(R) BacLight(TM) Bacterial Viability Kit, 5-cyano-2,3-ditotyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and impedance methods to enumerate viable bacteria in bottled mineral water. Results showed that incubation at 30 degreesC could be used instead of incubation at 22 degreesC and 37 degreesC. Good correlation exists between counts at 30 degreesC and counts at 22 degreesC (r > 0.90) and all the pathogens important in mineral water analyses grow similarly at 30 degreesC and 37 degreesC during 24 h. It was demonstrated that impedance methods might be useful to the mineral water industry as a rapid indicator of microbiological quality of the water. Results obtained with BacLight and CTC were similar to those obtained with plate counts. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. Keywords: Baclight, CTC, Heterotrophic Plate Counts, Impedance Methods, Mineral Water, Tetrazolium Chloride Reduction, Escherichia-Coli, Drinking-Water, Ctc, Viability ? Zhang, X.L., Yan, X., Gao, P.P., Wang, L.H., Zhou, Z.H. and Zhao, L.P. (2005), Optimized sequence retrieval from single bands of temperature gradient gel electrophoresis profiles of the amplified 16S rDNA fragments from an activated sludge system. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 60 (1), 1-11. Full Text: J Mic Met60, 1 Abstract: Sequence retrieval from single bands of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gel electrophoresis (DGE) profiles is an important but often difficult step for molecular diversity analysis of complex microbial communities such as activated sludge systems. We analyzed the temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) profiles of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments from an activated sludge sample of a coking wastewater treatment plant. Single bands were excised, and a clone library was constructed for each. Sequence heterogeneity in each single band was found to be significantly overestimated due to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) contamination formed during the PCR amplification, since only 10-60% of library clones of each single TGGE band had identical migration behavior compared with the parent band. Three methods, digestion with mung bean nuclease, 365 optimization of PCR amplification, and purification via denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (d-PAGE), were compared for their ability to minimize ssDNA contamination, with the last one being the most efficient. After using d-PAGE to minimize ssDNA to a nearly nondetectable level, 70-100% of library clones for each single TGGE band had identical migration compared with the parent band. Several sequences were found in each of six single bands, and this co-migration could be predicted with the Poland software. The predominant bacteria of the activated sludge were assessed via a combination of sequence retrieval from each single TGGE band and band intensity analysis. Only beta and alpha subclasses of the Proteobacteria were detected, 93.8% and 6.2%, respectively. Our work suggests that prior to constructing a clone library to retrieve the actual sequence diversity of a single DGE band, it is advisable to minimize ssDNA contamination to a nondetectable level. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Activated Sludge, Amplification, Bacterial Community Structure, Clone Library, Coking Wastewater, DNA Extraction, Heteroduplexes, Microbiota, PCR, Polymerase Chain-Reaction, Populations, Proteobacteria, Ribosomal-RNA Genes, Single-Stranded DNA (ssDNA), TGGE 366 Title: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Full Journal Title: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Microbiol Biotechn ISSN: 1017-7825 Issues/Year: 6 Journal Country/Territory: South Korea Language: English Publisher: Korean Soc Microbiology & Biotechnology Publisher Address: Korea Sci Technol Center #507, 635-4 Yeogsam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu, Seoul 135-703, South Korea Subject Categories: Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology: Impact Factor 1.364, / (2002) Microbiology: Impact Factor 1.364, / (2002) ? Pradhan, S., Singh, S., Rai, L.C. and Parker, D.L. (1998), Evaluation of metal biosorption efficiency of laboratory-grown Microcystis under various environmental conditions. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 8 (1), 53-60. Full Text: 1998\J Mic Bio8, 53.pdf Abstract: This study examines the effect of pH, temperature, metal ion concentration and culture density on metal biosorption by the nuisance cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Ni biosorption was higher at pH 9.2 than at neutral and acidic pH. In contrast the biosorption of Cu and Zn was maximum at pH 7.0. However, biosorption of Zn was difficult to measure at pH values 9.2 and 10.5, owing to the formation of insoluble complexes. All the test metals (Cu, Zn, and Ni) showed maximum biosorption rate at low culture densities of 40 mg dry wt l-1. The biosorption of Cu, Zn, and Ni was maximum at 40C. However, no worthwhile difference in Zn and Ni sorption was noticed at 4 and 29C as compared to 40C. of these three metals used Microcystis showed a greater binding capacity (K-f value = 0.84, Freundlich adsorbent capacity) and accelerated biosorption rate for Cu under various environmental conditions. Fitness of mathematical models on metal biosorption by Microcystis confirmed that the biological materials behave in the same way as physical materials. These results suggest that before using a biosorbent for metal recovery, the environmental requirements of the biosorbent must be ascertained. Keywords: Microcystis, Metal Biosorption, pH, Temperature, Culture Density, Adsorption Isotherms, Removal, Ions, Biomass, Yeast, Zinc, Polysaccharide, Adsorption, Mechanism, Vulgaris, Cations 367 ? Cho, J.S., Hur, J.S., Kang, B.H., Kim, P.J., Sohn, B.K., Lee, H.J., Jung, Y.K. and Heo, J.S. (2001), Biosorption of copper by immobilized biomass of Pseudomonas stutzeri. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 11 (6), 964-972. Full Text: 2001\J Mic Bio11, 964.pdf Abstract: The kinetics of copper ion biosorption by Pseudomonas stutzeri cells immobilized in alginate was investigated. During the first few minutes of the metal uptake, the copper biosorption was rapid, and then became progressively slower until an equilibrium was reached. At a biomass concentration of 100 g/l, the copper biosorption reaction reached approximately 90% of the equilibrium position within 30 min. A Freundich-type adsorption isotherm model was constructed based on kinetics with different amounts of biomass. When using this model, the experimental values only agreed well with the predicted values in a solution containing less than 200 mg/l Cu(II). Desorption of the bound copper ions was achieved using electrolytic solutions of HCl, H2SO4, EDTA, and NTA (0.1 or 0.5 M). Metal desorption with 0.1 M NTA allowed the reuse of the biosorbent for at least ten consecutive biosorption/desorption cycles, without an apparent decrease in its metal biosorption capability. A packed-bed column reactor of the immobilized biomass removed approximately 95% of the metal in the first 30 liter of wastewater [containing 100 mg/l Cu(H)] delivered at a rate of 20 L/day, and, thereafter, the rate gradually decreased. Keywords: Pseudomonas Stutzeri, Biosorbent, Immobilized Biomass, Biosorption/Desorption Cycles, Copper, NTA, Bacterial Extracellular Polymers, Heavy-Metal Elements, Selective Accumulation, Biological-Systems, Uranium, Microorganisms, Adsorbents, Cadmium, Algae, Ions ? Yun, Y.S. (2004), Characterization of functional groups of protonated Sargassum polycystum biomass capable of binding protons and metal ions. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 14 (1), 29-34. Full Text: 2004\J Mic Bio14, 29.pdf Abstract: Biosorption technology is recognized as an economically feasible alternative for the removal and/or recovery of metal ions from industrial wastewater sources. However, the structure of biosorbents is quite complex when compared with synthetic ion-exchange resins,which makes it difficult to quantify the ion-binding sites. Accordingly, this report describes a well-defined method to characterize the pK values and numbers of biomass functional groups from potentiometric titration data. When the proposed method was applied to Sargassum polycystum biomass as a model biosorbent, it was found that the biomass contained three types of functional groups. In addition, the carboxyl group (pK= 3.7±0.09) was found to be the major binding sites (2.57±0.06 mmol/g) for positively-charged heavy-metal ions. Keywords: Biosorption, Functional Groups, Binding Site, Potentiometric Titration, 368 Protons, Mathematical Modeling, Heavy-Metals, Biosorption, Sorbents, Acid ? Cho, D.H., Yoo, M.Y. and Kim, E.Y. (2004), Biosorption of lead (Pb2+) from aqueous solution by Rhodotorula aurantiaca. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 14 (2), 250-255. Full Text: 2004\J Mic Bio14, 250.pdf Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the adsorption isotherm and kinetic model for the biosorption of lead (Pb2+) by Rhodotorula aurantiaca and to examine the environmental factors for this metal removal. Within five minutes of contact, Pb2+ sorption reached nearly 86% of the total Pb2+ sorption. The optimum initial pH value for removal of Pb2+ was 5.0. The percentage sorption increased steeply with the biomass concentration up to 2 g/l and thereafter remained more or less constant. The Langmuir sorption model provided a good fit throughout the concentration range. The conformity of these data to the Langmuir model indicated that biosorption of Pb2+ by R. aurantiaca could be characterized as a monolayer, single-site type phenomenon with no interaction between ions adsorbed in neighboring sites. The maximum Pb2+ sorption capacity (q(max)) and Langmuir constant (b) were 46.08 mg/g of biomass and 0.04 l/mg, respectively. The pseudo second-order equation was well fitted to the experimental data. The correlation coefficients for the linear plots of t/q against t for the second-order equation were 0.999 for all the initial concentrations of biosorbent for contact times of 180 min. The theoretical q(eq) value was very close to the experimental q(eq) value. Keywords: Rhodotorula aurantiaca, Biosorption, Pb2+, pH, Langmuir, Pseudo Second-Order Kinetics, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Heavy-Metals, Extracellular Polysaccharide, Cadmium, Yeasts, Microorganisms, Mechanisms, Sorption, Glutinis, Water ? Gonen, T.F., Yamac, M., Cabuk, A. and Yildiz, Z. (2008), Selection of newly isolated mushroom strains for tolerance and biosorption of zinc in vitro. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18 (3), 483-489. Full Text: 2008\J Mic Bio18, 483.pdf Abstract: Nine newly isolated mushroom strains were tested to assess both their zinc tolerance and potential for zinc removal from an aqueous solution. Four strains of ectomycorrhizal fungi, namely Clavariadelphus truncatus (T 192), Rhizopogon roseolus (T 21), Lepista nuda (T 373), and Tricholoma equestre (T 174), along with five strains of white rot fungi, Lenzites betutina (S 2), Trametes hirsuta (T 587), Ganoderma spp. (T 99), Polyporus arcularius (T 438), and Ganoderma carnosum (M 88), were investigated using zinc-amended solid and liquid media. Their biosorption properties were also determined. The colony diameter and dry weight were used as tolerance indices for fungal growth. C truncatus and T equestre were not strongly inhibited at the highest concentrations of (225 mg/l) zinc in solid media. The most 369 tolerant four strains with solid media, C truncatus, G carnosum, T hirsuta, and T equestre, were then chosen for tolerance tests in liquid media. An ectomycorrhizal strain, C. truncatus, was also detected as the most tolerant strain in liquid media. However, the metal-tolerant strains demonstrated weak activity in the biosorption studies. In contrast, the highest biosorption activity was presented by a more sensitive strain, G carnosum. In addition, seven different biosorbent types from G carnosum (M 88) were compared for their Zn (II) biosorption in batch experiments. Keywords: Basidiomycetes, Biosorption, Ectomycorrhizal Fungi, White Rot Fungi, Zinc Tolerance, Wood-Rotting Fungi, Pinus-Sylvestris L, Heavy-Metals, Ectomycorrhizal Fungi, Phanerochaete-Chrysosporium, Edible Mushrooms, Aqueous-Solution, Toxic Metals, Biomass, Copper 370 Title: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection Full Journal Title: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Andersen, J., Belmont, J. and Cho, C.T. (2006), Journal impact factor in the era of expanding literature. Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection, 39 (6), 436-443. Abstract: The Journal Citation Reports (JCR) of the Science Citation Index (SCI), published by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI), provides a comprehensive database for analysis of journals. Recent use of JCR’s journal impact factor for evaluation of journals and authors has provoked strongly mixed reactions among investigators. This paper examines the effects of the rapidly expanding literature on the impact factor over the past decade and examines the limitations of journal impact factor for evaluating individual author’s contributions. The JCR analyzed 6088 journals in 2005, a 32% increase in new listings since 1995. During the same period, there was a 39% increase in new journal listings in the infectious diseases category. The phenomenon of journal proliferation has had a profound effect on the journal impact factor. During the past decade an increased impact factor was observed in 92% of the top ranking major journals, especially in young and rapidly expanding research fields. Certain highly cited new journals published primarily review articles - not original contributions. There was no increase in impact factor among some of the best known journals, such as Journal of Experimental Medicine, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), and Journal of Infectious Diseases. Clearly, journal impact factor is an imperfect tool for measuring the quality of articles, and its use in evaluating authors has inherent risks. In spite of its limitations, journal impact factor can be used as a rough indicator of scientific quality in specific subject categories and for serious reading and learning. Keywords: Analysis, Database, Diseases, Evaluation, Impact, Impact Factor, Indicator, Infectious Diseases, ISI, Journal, Journal Citation Reports, Journal Impact, Journal 371 Impact Factor, Journals, Learning, Literature, Proliferation, Quality, Quality of, Ranking, Reading, Research, Review, Risks, SCI, Science Citation Index, USA 372 Title: Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences Full Journal Title: Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Lu, A.H., Gao, X., Wang, C.Q., Gao, Y.W., Zheng, D.S., Chen, T.H., Zhao, D.J. and Qin, S. (2007), Natural cryptomelane and its potential application in the adsorption of heavy metal cadmium. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 102 (4), 217-225. Abstract: The Xiangtan manganese deposit (XTM) was formerly considered a supergene oxide manganese deposit in South China. Here, we report upon a new identification of naturally outcropping cryptomelane from the XTM, rather than psilomelane and pyrolusite, as it was previously considered. Most crystals in aggregates of XTM cryptomelane are acicular, with a diameter from 20 nm to 120 nm. There are large pseudotetragonal tunnels in the cryptomelane formed by [MnO6] octahedral double chains with an aperture of 0.4620.466 nm2. The importance of our find relates not only to manganese resource prospecting in South China, but also to the application of the octahedral molecular sieve of cryptomelane. On the basis of the study of some mineralogical characteristics, experiments on heavy metal cadmium adsorption have been done. The overall adsorption capacity of cryptomelane for Cd2+ with different electrolytes showed an increase with a pH rise from 3 to 11.5. This work also showed that in addition to an ion exchange with H+, the adsorption of Cd2+ might involve exchange with Mn and K cations in the cryptomelane structure. Isotherms for Cd2+ adsorption in about neutral pH solutions can be satisfactorily represented by the Langmuir expression and the theoretic maximum disposal capacity thus determined is 5.54 mg/g. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption of Cd, Cadmium, China, Cobalt, Heavy Metal, Hydrous Manganese-Dioxide, Ion Exchange, Ions, Isotherms, Langmuir, Minerals, Natural Cryptomelane, Octahedral Molecular Sieve, Octahedral Molecular-Sieves, Oxidation, Oxide, Psilomelane, Sorption, X-Ray-Diffraction 373 Title: Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Full Journal Title: Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Scandola, M., Grespan, L., Vicentini, M. and Fiorini, P. (2011), Robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy vs traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy: Five metaanalyses. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology, 18 (6), 705-715. Full Text: 2011\J Min Inv Gyn18, 705.pdf Abstract: To assess differences between laparoscopic hysterectomy performed with or without robot-assistance, we performed metaanalyses of 5 key indices strongly associated with societal and hospital costs, patient safety, and intervention quality. The 5 indexes included estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, number of conversions to laparotomy, hospital length of stay (LOS), and number of postoperative complications. A search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Science citation index online databases yielded a total of 605 studies. After a systematic review, we proceeded with meta-analysis of 14 articles for EBL, with a summary effect of -0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], -42.42 to 46.20); 20 for operative time, with a summary effect of 0.66 (95% Cl, -15.72 to 17.04); 17 for LOS, with a summary effect of -0.43 (95% CI, -0.68 to -0.17); 15 for conversion to laparotomy (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.79 with a random model); and 14 for postoperative complications (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% Cl, 0.43 to 1.09 with a random model). In conclusion, compared with traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy, robot-assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with shorter LOS and fewer postoperative complications and conversions to laparotomy; there were no differences in EBL and operative time. These results confirm that robot-assisted laparoscopy has less deletorious effect on hospital, society, and patient stress and leads to better intervention quality. Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology (2011) 18, 705-715 (C) 2011 AAGL. All rights reserved. Keywords: Blood, Citation, Citation Index, Complications, Costs, Databases, 374 Differences, Endometrial Cancer, Experience, Hospital, Hospital Costs, Hysterectomy, Indexes, Intervention, Journal, Laparoscopy, Laparotomy, Length of Stay, Medline, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Model, Postoperative Complications, Pubmed, Quality, Radical Hysterectomy, Ratio, Review, Robot-Assisted Laparoscopy, Safety, Science, Science Citation Index, Stress, Surgical Outcomes, Systematic, Systematic Review, Traditional 375 Title: Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy Full Journal Title: Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Štrkalj, A., Rađenović, A. and Malina, J. (2010), Nickel adsorption onto carbon anode dust modified by acetic acid and KOH. Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy, 46 (1), 33-40. Full Text: 2010\J Mol Bio46, 33.pdf Abstract: Carbon anode dust (CAD) is metallurgical waste material of aluminium production industry. The objective of this study was to convert carbon anode dust to acetic acid-modified and KOH-modified carbon adsorbat. Modified and unmodified carbon anode dust samples were characterized by SEM analysis. Pore volume, pore size and surface area were determined with BET method. The prepared carbons were evaluated for their adsorption capacity of nickel ions. The experimental data were analyzed by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Changes in the surface morphology, surface area properties and obtained adsorption capacity indicate that acetic acid is a better modifier than KOH. Equilibrium results showed that acetic acid modification increased the CAD adsorption capacity for Ni (II) more than KOH modification. Keywords: Metallurgical Waste, Carbon Anode Dust, Ni(II) Ions, Modification Surface, Adsorption Isotherms 376 Title: Journal of Molecular Biology Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Biology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Krogh, A., Brown, M., Mian, I.S., Sjolander, K. and Haussler, D. (1994), Hidden Markov Models in computational biology: Applications to protein modeling. Journal of Molecular Biology, 235 (5), 1501-1531. Full Text: J\J Mol Bio235, 1501.pdf Abstract: Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are applied to the problems of statistical modeling, database searching and multiple sequence alignment of protein families and protein domains. These methods are demonstrated on the globin family, the protein kinase catalytic domain, and the EF-hand calcium binding motif. In each case the parameters of an HMM are estimated from a training set of unaligned sequences. After the HMM is built, it is used to obtain a multiple alignment of all the training sequences. It is also used to search the SWISS-PROT 22 database for other sequences that are members of the given protein family, or contain the given domain. The HMM produces multiple alignments of good quality that agree closely with the alignments produced by programs that incorporate three-dimensional structural information. When employed in discrimination tests (by examining how closely the sequences in a database fit the globin, kinase and EF-hand HMMs), the HMM is able to distinguish members of these families from non-members with a high degree of accuracy. Both the HMM and PROFILESEARCH (a technique used to search for relationships between a protein sequence and multiply aligned sequences) perform better in these tests than PROSITE (a dictionary of sites and patterns in proteins). The HMM appears to have a slight advantage over PROFILESEARCH in terms of lower rates of false negatives and false positives, even though the HMM is trained using only unaligned sequences, whereas PROFILESEARCH requires aligned training sequences. Our results suggest the presence of an EF-hand calcium binding motif in a highly conserved and evolutionary preserved putative intracellular region 377 of 155 residues in the -1 subunit of L-type calcium channels which play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling. This region has been suggested to contain the functional domains that are typical or essential for all L-type calcium channels regardless of whether they couple to ryanodine receptors, conduct ions or both. Keywords: Hidden Markov Models, Multiple Sequence Alignments, Globin, Kinase, EF-Hand, Calcium-Modulated Proteins, Multiple Sequence Alignment, Amino-Acid-Sequences, Structural Similarities, Conserved Features, Em Algorithm, Kinase, Classification, Family, Sites van Helden, J., André, B. and Collado-Vides, J. (1998), Extracting regulatory sites from the upstream region of yeast genes by computational analysis of oligonucleotide frequencies. Journal of Molecular Biology, 281 (5), 827-842. Full Text: J\J Mol Bio281, 827.pdf Abstract: We present here a simple and fast method allowing the isolation of DNA binding sites for transcription factors from families of coregulated genes, with results illustrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although conceptually simple, the algorithm proved efficient for extracting, from most of the yeast regulatory families analyzed, the upstream regulatory sequences which had been previously found by experimental analysis. Furthermore, putative new regulatory sites are predicted within upstream regions of several regulons. The method is based on the detection of over-represented oligonucleotides. A specificity of this approach is to define the statistical significance of a site based on tables of oligonucleotide frequencies observed in all non-coding sequences from the yeast genome. In contrast with heuristic methods, this oligonucleotide analysis is rigorous and exhaustive. Its range of detection is however limited to relatively simple patterns: short motifs with a highly conserved core. These features seem to be shared by a good number of regulatory sites in yeast. This, and similar methods, should be increasingly required to identify unknown regulatory elements within the numerous new coregulated families resulting from measurements of gene expression levels at the genomic scale. All tools described here are available on the web at the site http:// copan.cifn.unam.mx/Computational_Biology/yeast-tools (C) 1998 Academic Press. Keywords: Computational Methods, Functional Genomics, Transcriptional Regulation, Yeast, DNA Microarray Technology, Unaligned DNA Fragments, Protein-Binding Sites, Saccharomyces-Cerevisiae, Transcriptional Regulation, Nucleotide-Sequences, Genome Analysis, Expression, Identification, Algorithm, Promoter Rydman, P.S., Caldentey, J., Butcher, S.J., Fuller, S.D., Rutten, T. and Bamford, D.H. (1999), Bacteriophage PRD1 contains a labile receptor-binding structure at each vertex. Journal of Molecular Biology, 291 (3), 575-587. Full Text: J\J Mol Bio291, 575.pdf 378 Abstract: Bacteriophage PRD1 is a membrane-containing virus with an unexpected similarity to adenovirus. We mutagenized unassigned PRD1 genes to identify minor capsid proteins that could be structural or functional analogs to adenovirus proteins. We report here the identification of an amber mutant, sus525, in an essential PRD1 gene XXXI. The gene was cloned and the gene product was overexpressed and purified to near homogeneity. Analytical ultracentrifugation and gel filtration showed that P31 is a homopentamer of about 70 kDa. The protein was shown to be accessible on the virion surface and its absence in the sus525 particles led to the deficiency of two other viral coat proteins, protein P5 and the adsorption protein P2. Cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction of the sus525 particles indicate that these proteins are located on the capsid vertices, because in these particles the entire vertex structure was missing along with the peripentonal major capsid protein P3 trimers. Sus525 particles package DNA effectively but loose it upon purification. All of the PRD1 vertex structures are labile and potentially capable of mediating DNA delivery; this is in contrast to other dsDNA phages which employ a single vertex for packaging and delivery. We propose that this arises from a symmetry mismatch between protein P2 and the pentameric P31 in analogy to that between the adenovirus penton base and the receptor-binding spike. Keywords: Adenovirus, PRD1, Receptor-Binding Structure, Viral Vertex, Cryo-Electron Microscopy ? Picknett, T. and Davis, K. (1999), The 100 most-cited articles from JMB. Journal of Molecular Biology, 293 (2), 173-176. Full Text: 1999\J Mol Bio293, 173.pdf Abstract: Over the last 40 years, JMB has published many thousands of articles, all of which have been important in some way. Compiling a list of the ‘most important’ however, is an invidious task. Friendships can falter on such an undertaking, but the institute of Scientific information has provided us with an objective methodology for ‘ranking’ articles, according to the number of times any payer is cited in other publications. This evaluation can of course be criticised for its bias towards papers describing novel techniques or methods. Often, the true intellectual milestones may be found in the reference list of the most cited papers. With increasing age, each paper also has more time in which to have been cited, and so the group of highest scoring articles is also dominated by some of the oldest. On the other hand, with increasing time, papers have an increasing chance of being forgotten, and: the citation rates of these are therefore also a measure of their persisting importance. On balance, it does represent a value in some way related to how often that paper has been used. With many caveats, we present the list of the 100 most cited papers in JMB over the past 40 years. Many of these papers have helped or influenced both a great many people, and a great many subsequent advances in molecular biology. (C) 379 1999 Academic Press. 380 Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis (China) Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis (China) ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Liu, G., Song, X., Wang, J. and Yu, J. (2005), Density functional theoretical study of water molecular adsorption on the surface of MoO3 with the Cluster Model. Journal of Molecular Catalysis (China), 19 (2), 136-140. Full Text: 2005\J Mol Cat19, 136.pdf Abstract: Density functional theory (DFT) on the LANL2DZ level was used to optimize the geometry and electronic structures of MoO3 cluster model before and after water molecular adsorption on its surface. The electron correlation energies of the optimized structures were also calculated applying the second order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). The results show that when water molecule was adsorbed on the model surface, it occupied the vacant site of MO5+, with conformation transforming from model MoO5H4 to octahedral complex of model MoO5H4 H2O. Water molecule was adsorbed by the process of n electrons of atom O in water molecule coordinated with electrons in d orbital of the central Mo atom. During this process, there was a minimum point on the potential energy surface without passing any energy barrier for the whole adsorption process. The process was an exothermal reaction, with adsorption heat -91.39 kJ/mol. The results are significant for studies on the use, deactivation and reactivation of this deoxidizing cat-alyst. Keywords: Adsorption, Barrier, Catalyst, Cluster, Cluster Model, Correlation, Density Function-Al Theory (DFT), Deoxidizing Catalyst, DFT, Energy, Minimum, Model, MoO3, Perturbation Theory, Potential, Second Order, Second-Order, Site, Surface, Theory, Water, Water Molecular Adsorption 381 Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mol. Catal. A-Chem. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Mol Catal A-Chem ISSN: 1381-1169 Issues/Year: 24 Journal Country/Territory: Netherlands Language: English Publisher: Elsevier Science BV Publisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands Subject Categories: Chemistry, Physical: Impact Factor 1.659, 33/91 (2000) Ferwerda, R., van der Maas, J.H. and van Duijneveldt, F.B. (1996), Pyridine adsorption onto metal oxides: An ab initio study of model systems. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical, 104 (3), 319-328. Full Text: J\J Mol Cat A-Che104, 319.pdf Abstract: In order to shed some light on the origin of the shifts of the vibrational frequencies of pyridine adsorbed on metal oxides, ab initio calculations have been performed. SCF methods may be used to assign and identify the pyridine vibrations of interest although coupling of certain vibrational modes hamper the interpretation. The effect of the ligands on the vibrations of pyridine is rather complex. It appeared that the shifts are mainly due to the direct effect of the ligand on the force constants and to changes in the extent of coupling with the in-plane bending vibrations of the hydrogen atoms, and, in case of proton transfer, the N-H grou Protonation, however, severely influences the geometry of pyridine, which may also have a considerable effect on the vibrational frequencies. Ziolek, M., Kujawa, J., Saur, O., Aboulayt, A. and Lavalley, J.C. (1996), Influence of sulfur dioxide adsorption on the surface properties of metal oxides. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical, 112 (1), 125-132. Full Text: J\J Mol Cat A-Che112, 125.pdf Abstract: The effect of SO2 chemisorption at 623 K on various metal oxides (CeO2, MgO, A12O3, ZrO2, TiO2 anatase and rutile) has been studied by IR spectroscopy and catalytic tests: cumene cracking and isopropanol decomposition. IR spectroscopic studies of lutidine and pyridine adsorbed on SO2 treated metal oxides surfaces show the increase or the creation of Bronsted acidity. Test reactions evidence that the strength of such sites depends on the metal oxide, being very weak on MgO and important on TiO2. Formation of hydrogensulfite species or 382 modification of the redox character of surface properties explains the SO2 chemisorption effects. Ilinitch, O.M., Nosova, L.V., Gorodetskii, V.V., Ivanov, V.P., Trukhan, S.N., Gribov, E.N., Bogdanov, S.V. and Cuperus, F.P. (2000), Catalytic reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions by hydrogen: Investigation of the reaction mechanism over Pd and Pd-Cu catalysts. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical, 158 (1), 237-249. Full Text: J\J Mol Cat A158, 237.pdf Abstract: The catalytic behavior of mono-and bimetallic catalysts with Pd and/or Cu supported over gamma-Al2O3 in the reduction of aqueous nitrate and nitrite ions by hydrogen was investigated. The composition of the supported metal catalysts was analysed using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Surface enrichment of the bimetallic Pd-Cu particles in copper was revealed. Interactions of NO (possible intermediate in reduction of nitrate and nitrite ions) with H2 over Pd were studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) under high-vacuum conditions. The molecular mechanism of NO3-and NO2 reduction by H2 as well as the role of Pd and Cu active sites are discussed. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Catalytic Reduction, Metal Catalyst, Pd, Pd-Cu, Carbon-Monoxide, Adsorption Properties, Pd-Cu/SiO2 Systems, Oxygen-Adsorption, Palladium-Copper, Drinking-Water, Surface, Pd(100), Complexes, NO Piccolo, L. and Henry, C.R. (2001), NO-CO reaction kinetics on Pd/MgO model catalysts: Morphology and support effects. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical, 167 (1-2), 181-190. Full Text: J\J Mol Cat A167, 181.pdf Abstract: The NO-CO reaction kinetics has been studied on Pd/MgO (1 0 0) model catalysts at low pressure by a pulsed molecular beam technique. The model catalysts have been prepared by epitaxial growth of metal clusters in UHV on cleaved MgO single crystals. Three samples with mean clusters sizes of 2.8, 6.9 and 15.6 nm have been studied. The reaction products are mainly N2 and CO2. The steady-state reaction rate has been measured between 150 and 400 degreesC at low pressures (10-9-10-6 Torr). The rate limiting step for the reaction is the dissociation of NO at low temperature and the adsorption of CO at high temperature. The reaction probability of NO has been accurately determined, taking into account the reverse spillover of NO from the MgO support towards the Pd particles. It is shown that in these conditions the turnover number is not an appropriate parameter to determine the intrinsic effect of particle size. The intrinsic activity depends not only on particle size but also on particle shape. The medium sized particles exhibiting mainly (1 1 1) facets are found to be more active. The largest particles, which exhibit principally (1 0 0) facets, are less active. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 383 Keywords: Pulsed Molecular Beam Technique, NO-CO Reaction Kinetics, Turnover Number, Supported Model Catalyst, Palladium Particles, Carbon-Monoxide, Molecular-Beam, CO+NO Reaction, Pd Particles, Structure Sensitivity, Oxidation, MgO(100), Clusters, Pd(100) ? Yu, C., Zhang, L.F. and Shen, Z.Q. (2004), Ring-opening polymerization of 2,2-dimethyltriMethylene carbonate using rare earth tris(4-tert-butylphenolate)s as a single component initiator. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical, 212 (1-2), 365-369. Full Text: 2004\J Mol Cat A212, 365.pdf Abstract: Ring-opening polymerization of 2,2-dimethyltriMethylene carbonate (DTC) has been carried out by using single component rare earth tris(4-tert-butylphenolate)s (Ln(OTBP)(3)) initiators for the first time. The influences of rare earth element, solvent, temperature, monomer and initiator concentration as well as reaction time on the polymerization were investigated. The kinetics indicates that the polymerization rate is first order with respect to monomer concentration and initiator concentration, respectively. The overall activation energy of the ring-opening polymerization amounts to 78.7 kJ/mol. Some living character of the reaction was confirmed by adding another portion of DTC monomer into an almost completely polymerized system. PDTC was characterized by H-1 NMR, GPC, IR and DSC. PDTC obtained has no ether unit which resulted from CO, elimination. DSC data identified two crystalline modifications and showed some influences of molecular weight on the melting point and melting enthalpy. Mechanism studies showed that monomer inserted into the growing chains with the acyl-oxygen bond scission rather than the break of alkyl-oxygen bond. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: 2,2-DimethyltriMethylene Carbonate, Activation, Activation Energy, Behavior, Biodegradation, Carbonate, Catalysts, CO, Concentration, Copolymerization, Dsc, Earth, Elimination, Energy, Enthalpy, Epsilon-Caprolactone Polymerization, First Order, H-1, H-1 NMR, H-1-NMR, IR, Kinetics, Mechanism, Melting, NMR, Order, Polymerization, Rare Earth Element, Rare Earth Tris(4-Tert-Butylphenolate)S, Reaction, Reaction Time, Ring Opening, Ring-Opening Polymerization, Solvent, Temperature, TriMethylene Carbonate, Versatile, Yttrium Alkoxides ? Czekaj, I., Kröcher, O. and Piazzesi, G. (2008), DFT calculations, DRIFT spectroscopy and kinetic studies on the hydrolysis of isocyanic acid on the TiO2-anatase (101) surface. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A-Chemical, 280 (1-2), 68-80. Full Text: 2008\J Mol Cat A280, 68.pdf Abstract: The co-adsorption of isocyanic acid (HNCO) and water (H2O) and their reaction to ammonia and carbon dioxide on the anatase phase of TiO2 were studied 384 with ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations using a cluster model as well as with in situ DRIFTS investigations and kinetic experiments. We found that isocyanic acid can in principle adsorb both molecularly and dissociatively on the TiO2 (101) surface, but the moment at which water gets involved in the process, is vital for determining the further course of the surface reaction. In the absence of water, it was found that HNCO can adsorb in molecular form on the TiO2 surface. Assuming this case to be the first step of the HNCO hydrolysis, the surface HNCO rearranges into an intermediate complex with a modified N = C = O skeleton. After decarboxylation water attacks the complex from the gas phase and ammonia is finally formed. However, when water is present at the beginning of the hydrolysis reaction, it immediately attacks the -NCO group present at the surface, yielding a carbamic acid complex, which is further transformed into a carbamate complex. After decarboxylation an NH2 group remains at the surface. Finally, NH3 is formed by hydrogen transfer from molecularly adsorbed water at a neighboring titanium center and the hydrolysis reaction is completed. Since water is always present in diesel exhaust gas, only the second mechanism is relevant under practical conditions. Moreover, the calculated energy barrier is lower for the second mechanism compared to the first reaction pathway. The comparison between the sum of the theoretical vibrational spectra of the reaction intermediates with the in situ DRIFT spectra also strongly supports the accuracy of the second reaction pathway. The experimental investigation of the kinetics of the HNCO hydrolysis on TiO2-anatase revealed a second order reaction-first order with respect to HNCO and first order with respect to water, which can only be reconciled with the second mechanism. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorption, Anatase Structure, Carbamate Group, Carbamic Acid, Carbon, Catalysts, Cluster Model, Cluster Model, Co-Adsorption, Comparison, DFT, Electronic Population Analysis, In Situ Drifts, Infrared-Spectra, Isocyanic Acid, Kinetic, Kinetics, Lcao, Mechanism, Molecular Wave Functions, Spectroscopy, Surface, Theory, TiO2 (101) Surface, TiO2 Anatase, Titanium Dioxide, Water 385 Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mol. Catal. B-Enzym. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Mol Catal B-Enzym ISSN: 1381-1177 Issues/Year: 6 Journal Country/Territory: Netherlands Language: English Publisher: Elsevier Science BV Publisher Address: PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands Subject Categories: Chemistry, Physical: Impact Factor 1.126, / (1999); Impact Factor 1.448, 44/91 (2000) Al-Duri, B. and Yong, Y.P. (1997), Characterisation of the equilibrium behaviour of lipase PS (from Pseudomonas) and lipolase 100L (from Humicola) onto Accurel EP100. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic, 3 (1-4), 177-188. Full Text: J\J Mol Cat B-Enz3, 177.pdf Abstract: The present work characterised the equilibrium behaviour of lipases from Pseudomonas and Humicola immobilised on polypropylene-based hydrophobic support Accurel EP100. The support capacity for both lipases was evaluated, and activities of immobilised lipases were assayed. Also, the stability of immobilised lipases was tested. Experimentally, the adsorption isotherm for each lipase was produced and the activity of immobilised lipase was assayed by esterification of oleic acid and octanol. Also, immobilised lipase activities, using different support particle sizes and masses, were assayed. The immobilised lipase stability was tested by a series of successive esterifications done on the same immobilised lipase sample. Analytically, the lipase adsorption isotherm was modelled by the Langmuir and Freundlich formulas. It was found that lipase PS exhibited the Freundlich behaviour, which suggests multilayer adsorption, while lipolase 100L reflected the Langmuir formula, i.e. formed a monolayer. Also, Accurel EP100 capacities for lipase PS and lipolase 100L were 4500 mg (1.35105 LU) and 1200 mg (1.20105 LU), respectively for each gram of support. It was also found that the activity of lipase PS initially increased with loading and then levelled off, while it continued to increase with loading of lipolase 100L. Moreover, lipase activity decreased with mean particle diameter increase. Stability studies showed that lipase PS guarded its activity to more than 60% for more than 8 runs. Lipolase 100L showed the same behaviour. Keywords: Immobilisation, Characterisation, Hydrophobic, Support, Capacity, Lipase, Activity, Stability, Support 386 ? Deveci, T., Unyayar, A. and Mazmanci, M.A. (2004), Production of Remazol Brilliant Blue R decolourising oxygenase from the culture filtrate of Funalia trogii ATCC 200800. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic, 30 (1), 25-32. Full Text: 2004\J Mol Cat B-Enz30, 25.pdf Abstract: Decolourisation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R, an azo textile dyestuff, by crude filtrate of Funalia trogii ATCC 200800 growing in solid-state fermentation (SSF) medium containing wheat bran and soybean hull was studied. Optimum pH and temperature for laccase and horseradish like peroxidase (HRP) production in SSF medium were determined at 5 and 30 °C, respectively. Maximum enzyme synthesis was found in 10 days old cultures. We also found Remazol Brilliant Blue R decolourising enzymatic activity in the culture filtrate of F. trogii. The optimum pH and temperature for enzymatic decolourisation were determined at 3.0 and 50 °C, respectively. Both veratryl alcohol and peroxide ions (H2O2) accelerated the peroxidase enzyme reactions, whereas decelerated the decolourisation of RBBR with the culture filtrate of F. trogii. Sodium azide (NaN3), cysteine and sodium cyanide (NaCN) inhibited RBBR decolourising activity, laccase and peroxidase activities. When sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) was used as an inhibitor, a significant inhibition of laccase and dye decolourising enzyme activities but no peroxidase activity was observed. Initial colourless and later orange bands were obtained by the activity staining process with RBBR and laccase substrate (guaicol), respectively, after separation by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The molecular mass of this band was estimated as about 65 kDa by SDS-PAGE. Since the reaction was catalysed in the absence of H2O2 as co-substrate, it was concluded that this enzyme was a laccase. Keywords: Decolourisation, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Funalia Trogii, Laccase, Solid-State Fermentation ? Osman, B., Kara, A., Uzun, L., Beşirli, N. and Denizli, A. (2005), Vinyl imidazole carrying metal-chelated beads for reversible use in yeast invertase adsorption. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic, 37 (1-6), 88-94. Full Text: 2005\J Mol Cat B-Enz37, 88.pdf Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-n-vinyl imidazole) [poly(EGDMA–VIM)] hydrogel (average diameter 150–200 μm) was prepared copolymerizing ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) with n-vinyl imidazole (VIM). Poly(EGDMA–VIM) beads had a specific surface area of 59.8 m2/g. Poly(EGDMA–VIM) beads were characterized by swelling studies and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cu2+ ions were chelated on the poly(EGDMA–VIM) beads (452 μmol Cu2+/g), then the metal-chelated beads were used in the adsorption of yeast invertase in a batch system. The maximum invertase adsorption capacity of the poly(EGDMA–VIM)–Cu2+ beads was observed as 35.2 mg/g at pH 4.5. The 387 adsorption isotherm of the poly(EGDMA–VIM)–Cu2+ beads can be well fitted to the Langmuir model. Adsorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first- and -second-order models. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. The value of the Michaelis constant Km of invertase was significantly larger upon adsorption, indicating decreased affinity by the enzyme for its substrate, whereas Vmax was smaller for the adsorbed invertase. The optimum temperature for the adsorbed preparation of poly(EGDMA–VIM)–Cu2+-invertase at 50°C, 10°C higher than that of the free enzyme at 40°C. Storage stability was found to increase with adsorption. Adsorbed invertase retains an activity of 82% after 10 batch successive reactions, demonstrating the usefulness of the enzyme-loaded beads in biocatalytic applications. Keywords: Enzyme Immobilization, Invertase, Chelating Beads, N-Vinyl Imidazole, Affinity Beads ? Liu, J.Z., Wang, T.L. and Ji, L.N. (2006), Enhanced dye decolorization efficiency by citraconic anhydride-modified horseradish peroxidase. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic, 41 (3-4), 81-86. Full Text: 2006\J Mol Cat B-Enz41, 81.pdf Abstract: Bromophenol blue and methyl orange removal capabilities of citraconic anhydride-modified horseradish peroxidase were compared with those of native horseradish peroxidase. Citraconic anhydride-modified horseradish peroxidase showed higher decolorization efficiencies for both dyes than native horseradish peroxidase. Upon the chemical modification, the decolorization efficiencies were increased by 1.8 % and 12.4% for bromophenol blue and methyl orange, respectively. The quantitative relationships between decolorization efficiencies of dyes and reaction conditions were also investigated. Experimental data revealed that aqueous phase pH, reaction time, temperature, enzyme concentration and ratio of dye and H2O2 play a significant role on the dye degradation. Lower dose of citraconic anhydride-modified horseradish peroxidase was required than that of native enzyme for the decolorizations of both dyes to obtain the same decolorization efficiencies. Citraconic anhydride-modified HRP exhibited a good decolorization of dye over a wide range of dye concentration from 8 to 24 or 32 mu mol l-1 at 300 mu mol l-1 H2O2, which would match industrial expectations. Kinetic constants for two different dyes were also determined. Citraconic anhydride-modified horseradish peroxidase shows greater affinity and catalytic efficiency than native horseradish peroxidase for both dyes. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Horseradish Peroxidase, Dye Decolorization, Citraconic Anhydride Modification, Bromophenol Blue, Methyl Orange, Methylene-Blue, Phenol Removal, Waste-Waters, Precipitation, Degradation, Laccase, Enzyme, Immobilization, Polymerization, Conversion 388 389 Title: Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Mol Cell Cardiol ISSN: 0022-2828 Issues/Year: 12 Journal Country/Territory: England Language: English Publisher: Academic Press Ltd Publisher Address: 24-28 Oval Rd, London NW1 7DX, England Subject Categories: Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems: Impact Factor 3.383, 6/63 (2000) Cell Biology: Impact Factor 3.383, 40/147 (2000) ? Mugelli, A., Amerini, S., Piazzesi, G. and Giotti, A. (1983), Barium-induced spontaneous activity in sheep cardiac purkinje-fibers. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 15 (10), 697-712. Full Text: 1983\J Mol Cel Car15, 697.pdf ? Downey, J.M. and Cohen, M.V. (2005), Unraveling the mysteries of classical preconditioning. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 39 (6), 845-848. Full Text: 2005\J Mol Cel Car39, 845.pdf Abstract: Nearly two decades have passed since the first report about ischemic preconditioning. Although we do not yet know unequivocally what the final effector is, we have learned a lot about the signal transduction pathways that result in protection, and have some good prospects for the final step that results in survival or necrosis of the ischemic myocardium. Many investigators have contributed to our current knowledge. We were heartened to learn that four of our JMCC publications are included in the 20 top-cited papers in the journal’s history. It is gratifying that our prior publications have generated some interest and stimulated important debate as documented by the high number of citations by scientists in the bibliographies of their own papers. In this document, we have been asked to reflect on those four papers and comment on where they have led us. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adenosine, Bradykinin, Cardioprotection, Citations, Free Radicals, Infarction, Injury, Ischemia, Isolated Rabbit Heart, P38 MAP Kinase, P38 MAPK, Preconditioning, Protection, Protein Kinase C, Protein-Kinase-C, Reperfusion, Tyrosine Kinase 390 Title: Journal of Molecular Graphics & Modelling Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Graphics & Modelling ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0022-2860 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Notes: JJournal ? Willett, P. (2007), A bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling. Journal of Molecular Graphics & Modelling, 26 (3), 602-606. Abstract: This paper reviews the articles published in Volumes 2-24 of the Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling (formerly the Journal of Molecular Graphics), focusing on the changes that have occurred in the subject over the years, and on the most productive and most cited authors and institutions. The most cited papers are those describing systems or algorithms, but the proportion of these types of article is decreasing as more applications of molecular graphics and molecular modelling are reported. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Algorithms, Analysis, Author Productivity, Authors, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Bibliometrics, Changes, Citation, Citation Analysis, Documentation, Information-Science, Informetrics, Institutions, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, Law, Library, Modelling, Molecular, Papers, Portrait, Reviews, Rights, Systems 391 Title: Journal of Molecular Liquids Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Liquids ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Zhang, C.L., Qiao, G.L., Zhao, F. and Wang, Y. (2011), Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of ciprofloxacin adsorption onto modified coal fly ash from aqueous solution. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 163 (1), 53-56. Full Text: 2011\J Mol Liq163, 53.pdf Abstract: Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution using modified coal fly ash as adsorbent. The effects of various parameters such as contact time, initial solution concentration and temperature on the adsorption system were investigated. The optimum contact time was found to be 100 min. The isotherm adsorption data fit well with the Langmuir model, and the kinetic data fit well with the pseudo-second order and the intra-particle diffusion model. Intra-particle diffusion analysis demonstrates that ciprofloxacin diffuses quickly among the particles at the beginning of the adsorption rocess, and then the diffusion slows down and stabilizes. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG, ΔH and ΔS were also calculated. The negative Gibbs free energy change and the positive enthalpy change indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption, and the positive entropy change indicated that the adsorption process was aided by increased randomness. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorbent, Adsorption, Aqueous Solution, Batch, Batch Adsorption, Ciprofloxacin, Diffusion, Fly Ash, Intraparticle, Intraparticle Diffusion, Isotherm, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Modified Coal Fly Ash, Pseudo Second Order, Removal, Sorption, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, Veterinary, Waste 392 Title: Journal of Molecular Structure Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Structure ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0022-2860 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Zunic, W.M., Ding, S.Y., Durig, J.R. and Cohen, A.D. (1992), Pyrolysis GC FID FT-IR, pyrolysis GC MS, and FT-IR studies of pore water extracts derived from peat samples differing in depositional-environments. Journal of Molecular Structure, 257, 371-376. Abstract: Pore water extract samples derived from six peat types differing in depositional environment were characterized using pyrolysis GC/FID/FT-IR, pyrolysis GC/MS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Pyrolysis GC/FID/FT-IR analysis revealed many by-products resulting from the thermal degradation of the major constituents of plant material: cellulose and lignin. Comparison of the pyrolysis chromatograms showed large variations in the chemical compositions of the pyrolysis products from sample to sample. Results of the FT-IR analysis revealed major differences around 1000 cm-1 (C-O stretch region) and between 1500 and 1800 cm-1 (C = C and C = O) stretch region). These two regions have previously been identified as representing cellulose and lignin, respectively. The six different extracts are compared based on their resulting FT-IR spectra and pyrolysis chromatograms. Similarities and differences are emphasized along with any conclusions drawn based on these studies. Keywords: Humic-Acid, Fulvic-Acid, Substances, Copper ? Bekçi, Z., Seki, Y. and Yurdakoç, M.K. (2007), A study of equilibrium and FTIR, SEM/EDS analysis of trimethoprim adsorption onto K10. Journal of Molecular Structure, 827 (1-3), 67-74. Full Text: 2007\J Mol Str827, 67.pdf Abstract: The sorption behavior of K10, a type of montmorillonite for trimethoprim (TMP) drug, was studied by using batch technique under different pH and temperature. The interaction between K10 and TMP was investigated using SEM, and FTIR. It was observed that adsorption was increased between pH 2.5 and 6.3. By 393 performing kinetic experiments, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides the best fit for TMP adsorption onto K10 montmorillonite. The sorption of TMP reached the equilibrium state after 6 h sorption time and has been described by using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations to obtain adsorption capacity values. The results indicate that the relative adsorption capacity values (K-f) are decreasing with the increase of temperature in the range of 298318 K. The sorption energy values obtained from DR isotherm show that sorption of TMP onto K10 can be explained by ion exchange mechanism at 298, 308 and 318 K. The thermodynamic studies were conducted to find the thermodynamic parameters H, S and G. It was determined that adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Analysis, Antibiotics, Aqueous-Solutions, Behavior, Bentonite, Capacity, Contaminants, Drug, Energy, Equilibrium, Freundlich, FTIR, Interaction, Ion, Ion Exchange, Isotherm, K10 Montmorillonite, Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Langmuir, Mechanism, Model, Montmorillonite, Parameters, pH, Range, Removal, SEM, Solid-Phase Extraction, Sorption, Sorption, Spectrometry, Surfactant-Modified Montmorillonite, Temperature, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Parameters, TMP, Trimethoprim, Water ? Qazi, M.A., Qureshi, I. and Memon, S. (2010), Calix[4]arene based chemosensor for selective complexation of Cd(II) and Cu(II). Journal of Molecular Structure, 975 (1-3), 69-77. Full Text: 2010\J Mol Str975, 69.pdf Abstract: The present article describes synthesis, characterization and a detailed complexation study of calix[4]arene based chemosensor (4) bearing two anthracenyl units as signaling groups on its coordination sphere. The complex formation ability of 4 toward selected transition metals such as Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) has been investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. Assessment of results reveal that the chemosensor is selective toward Cd(II) and Cu(II). The FT-IR spectroscopic method was applied for further confirmation of the complexation phenomenon. Besides this, a study regarding interference of other metals on complex formation in solution has also supported the efficient binding preference of 4 for Cd(II) and Cu(II). From the results it has been concluded that 4 has compatible coordination sphere to accommodate these metals. The similarities and differences revealed that being soft nature of both metals and because of diagonal relationship in the periodic table their coordination behavior toward N/O-donor ligand may be treated as a test on possibility of the Cu(II) ions to be displaced by Cd(II). The study certainly will help in understanding the hazards of Cd(II) in biological systems. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Adsorption, Assessment, Azocalixarenes, Calix<4>Arene, Calixarene, 394 Calix[4]Arene, Cd(II), Characterization, Chiral Recognition, Co(II), Complex, Complexation, Copper, Cu(II), Derivatives, Extraction, FT-IR, FTIR, Ligand, Metal Ions, Metal-Ions, Metals, Molecules, Ni(II), Pb(II), Possibility, Sensor, Spectroscopy, Supramolecular Chemistry, Synthesis, Transition Metals ? Fernandes, A.N., Almeida, C.A.P., Debacher, N.A. and Sierra, M.M.D. (2010), Isotherm and thermodynamic data of adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto peat. Journal of Molecular Structure, 982 (1-3), 62-65. Full Text: 2010\J Mol Str982, 62.pdf Abstract: In this study, the adsorption capacity of peat relative to methylene blue (MB) was evaluated to test its application in textile wastewater treatment. Adsorption was conducted using varied initial concentrations of MB solutions at three different temperatures (35, 45 and 60°C). The equilibrium data fitted well the Langmuir isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity increasing with temperature from 190 mg g(-1) to 240 mg g(-1). In all experiments the adsorption equilibrium was attained in 4.5 h. Thermodynamic data showed that MB adsorption onto peat is endothermic and spontaneous under the experimental conditions employed. Briefly, peat exhibited rapid adsorption capabilities and high efficiency in removal of MB from aqueous solution. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Acid, Activated Carbon, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Equilibrium, Application, Aqueous Solution, Basic Dye, Capacity, Data, Efficiency, Endothermic, Equilibrium, Experimental, Experiments, Ions, Isotherm, Kinetics, Langmuir, Langmuir Isotherm, MB, Methylene Blue, Montmorillonite, Peat, Removal, Rights, Solution, Solutions, Sorption, Temperature, Textile Wastewater, Thermodynamic, Thermodynamic Data, Thermodynamic Parameters, Treatment, Waste-Water, Wastewater, Wastewater Treatment 395 Title: Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM Full Journal Title: Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 0040-6031 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Boyd, D.B. (1997), Evidence that there is a future for semiempirical molecular orbital calculations. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 401 (3), 219-225. Full Text: J\J Mol Str THE401, 219.pdf Abstract: The frequency of use and discussion of semiempirical and ab initio software is traced with bibliometric data from the Current Journals of the American Chemistry Society (JCACS) database, which has complete papers published in 19 journals in various fields of chemistry. Not only is the use of all types of computational chemistry software increasing apace, but also the number of papers mentioning semiempirical programs as a percentage of all papers mentioning quantum chemistry programs is growing. This percentage referring to semiempirical molecular orbital software grew from 29% in 1989 to 34% in 1993. Keywords: Semiempirical Molecular Orbital Calculations, CJACS Database, MOPAC, GAUSSIAN Program, GAMESS, AMPAC Zygmunt, S.A., Mueller, R.M., Curtiss, L.A. and Iton, L.E. (1998), An assessment of density functional methods for studying molecular adsorption in cluster models of zeolites. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 430 (1-3), 9-16. Full Text: J\J Mol Str THE430, 9.pdf Abstract: The performance of six density functional theory (DFT) methods has been tested for a zeolite cluster containing three tetrahedral atoms (3T) and the complexes it forms with water and methanol molecules. The DFT methods (BLYP, BP86, BPW91, B3LYP, B3P86, B3PW91) give results in good agreement with second-order perturbation theory (MP2). The results in this paper provide evidence of the suitability of DFT methods for studying hydrogen-bonded adsorption complexes in zeolites. Generally, the hybrid DFT methods are in closer agreement with experiment and MP2 than the pure DFT methods for geometrical parameters. The only exception is the Z− geometry, perhaps due to its anionic character. All DFT 396 methods give results in good overall agreement with MP2 for intramolecular geometrical parameters of the adsorption complexes, intramolecular vibrational frequencies, and adsorption energies. The B3LYP method gives intermolecular geometries and intermolecular vibrational frequencies which are closest to those obtained from the MP2 method. Thus, the B3LYP method seems to be the best choice for a density functional treatment of molecular adsorption in zeolite systems. Keywords: Density Functional Theory, Cluster Models, Zeolites Pavão, A.C., Guimarães, T.C.F., Lie, S.K., Taft, C.A. and Lester, Jr., W.A. (1999), Modeling the adsorption and dissociation of CO on transition metalsurfaces. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 458 (1-2), 99-121. Full Text: J\J Mol Str THE458, 99.pdf Abstract: The interaction between transition metalsurfaces and simple diatomic molecules such as CO may lead to breaking and making chemical bonds and trigger important surface catalyzed reactions. We discuss the most common surface interaction and orientation models taking into consideration the behavior of each transition metal, the influence of structure, bonding, and coordination of the molecules. We emphasize the importance of the precursor tilled state in the dissociation of diatomic molecules on transition metalsurfaces. Song, X.F., Liu, G.S., Yu, J.U. and Rodrigues, A.E. (2004), Density functional theoretical study of water molecular adsorption on surface of MoO3 with the cluster model. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 684 (1-3), 81-85. Full Text: J\J Mol Str THE684, 81.pdf Abstract: Density functional theory on LANL2DZ level was used to optimize the geometry and electronic structures of MoO3 cluster model before and after water molecular adsorption on its surface. The electron correlation energies of the optimized structures were calculated by using the second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory. Results show that when the water molecule was adsorbed on the model surface, it occupied the vacant site of Mo5+; during this process, its conformation transformed from MoO5H4 model to octahedral complex of model MoO5H4·H2O. Water molecule was adsorbed by the mechanism of π electrons of atom O (in H2O) contributing to d orbital of central Mo atom. During this process, there was a minimum point on the potential energy surface. The process was an exothermal reaction, with adsorption heat of −91.39 kJ/mol. The results are significant for studies on use, deactivation and reactivation of this deoxidizing catalyst. Keywords: Water Molecular Adsorption, MoO3, Cluster Model, Density Functional Theory (DFT) ? Boulet, P., Greenwell, H.C., Stackhouse, S. and Coveney, P.V. (2006), Recent advances in understanding the structure and reactivity of clays using electronic 397 structure calculations. Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM, 762 (1-3), 33-48. Full Text: 2006\J Mol Str THE762, 33.pdf Abstract: Clays are layer-type aluminosilicate minerals. Being similar in chemistry to zeolites, they are often used as solid acid catalysts and sorbents, but have found a range of other applications, in particular, as a component of hybrid materials. In this article, we review the electronic structure computer simulation studies of clays to date, focusing in on important case studies. It is shown how ab initio calculations are able to aid the interpretation of experimental observation and the relationships between the structure and property of clays are highlighted. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Clays, AB Initio Calculations, Structure-Property Relationships, Peptide-Bond Formation, Density-Functional Theory, Molecular-Dynamics Simulations, 2/1 Dioctahedral Smectite, Periodic 1st Principle, AB-Initio Calculation, T-BU Hydrotalcite, Mechanical-Properties, Computer-Simulation, Nanocomposite Materials 398 Title: Journal of Music Therapy Full Journal Title: Journal of Music Therapy ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor Notes: TTopic ? Brooks, D. (2003), A history of music therapy journal articles published in the English language. Journal of Music Therapy, 40 (2), 151-168. Abstract: Music therapists have had an interest in bibliographic research for over 20 years, beginning with Jellison’s 1973 analysis of the frequency and types of articles appearing in the existing music therapy literature. Since then, several other researchers have continued in this line of inquiry. The purpose of this study was to (a) identify historical trends in the types of articles that have been published in major music therapy periodicals in the English language, (b) identify historical trends for each type of article within each music therapy journal, (c) to compare percentages of article types within each music therapy journal and (d) to compare percentages of article types across journals. Specifically, how many quantitative, qualitative, historical, philosophical/theoretical, clinical and professional articles have been published throughout the history of the following journals: Journal of Music Therapy, Music Therapy: Journal of the American Association for Music Therapy, Music Therapy Perspectives, The Arts in Psychotherapy, Journal of the Association for Music & Imagery, The Australian Journal of Music Therapy, The Nordic Journal of Music Therapy, The British Journal of Music Therapy, and The New Zealand Society for Music Therapy Journal. Keywords: Analysis, Australian, Clinical, History, Journal, Journal Articles, Journals, Literature, Music Therapy, New Zealand, Periodicals, Purpose, Qualitative, Research, Therapy, Trends 399 Title: Journal of Nanjing University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) Full Journal Title: Journal of Nanjing University of Technology (Natural Science Edition) ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Ma, Z.F., Liu, X.Q., Yao, H.Q. and Shi, J. (2006), Advances in adsorption principles and adsorption processes. Journal of Nanjing University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 28 (1), 100-106. Full Text: 2006\J Nan Uni Tec28, 100.pdf Abstract: Adsorp tion at various interfaces has concerned scientists since this phenomenon underlies a number of extremely important p rocesses of p ractical significances in industry and environmental p rotection. Many areas in which technological innovation has covered adsorp tion phenomena have been expanded more through art and craft than through science. New classes of solid adsorbents and the imp rovements of the existing ones have been developed and have gained extreme interest due to their sorp tion p roperties. In recent years considerable effort has been increasingly directed toward closing the gap between theory and p ractice. This field of surface science is now generally considered to have become a well defined branch of physical science rep resenting an interdiscip linary area between chemistry, physics, biology and engineering. This review p resents in brief the basics of adsorp tion and adsorp tion separation p rocesses, highlights the p rogress under the consideration. The relationship between development of adsorp tion theory and adsorp tion p ractice is pointed out. Our understanding and p ractices pertaining to adsorp tion and its separation p rocesses on laboratory and on industrial scale are discussed and illustrated bymeans of a few examp les. Keywords: Adsorption, Separation, Theory, Technology 400 Title: Journal of Nanomaterials Full Journal Title: Journal of Nanomaterials ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Atieh, M.A., Bakather, O.Y., Tawabini, B.S., Bukhari, A.A., Khaled, M., Alharthi, M., Fettouhi, M. and Abuilaiwi, F.A. (2010), Removal of chromium (III) from water by using modified and nonmodified carbon nanotubes. Journal of Nanomaterials, Article Number: 232378. Full Text: 2010\J Nan, Article Number 232378.pdf Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the environmental application of modified and nonmodified carbon nanotubes through the experiment removal of chromium trivalent (III) from water. The aim was to find the optimal condition of the chromium (III) removal from water under different treatment conditions of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and agitation speed. Multi wall carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The diameter of the carbon nanotubes produced varied from 20-40 nm with average diameter of 24 nm and 10 micrometer in length. Adsorption isotherms were used to model the adsorption behavior and to calculate the adsorption capacity of the absorbents. The results showed that, 18% of chromium (III) removal was achieved using modified carbon nanotubes (M-CNTs) at pH 7, 150 rpm, and 2 hours for a dosage of 150 mg of CNTs. The removal of Cr (III) is mainly attributed to the affinity of chromium (III) to the physical and chemical properties of the CNTs. The adsorption isotherms plots were well fitted with experimental data. Keywords: Activated Carbon, Adsorbent, Adsorbent Dosage, Adsorption, Adsorption Behavior, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption Isotherms, Agitation, Application, Aqueous-Solutions, Behavior, Biosorption, Cadmium, Capacity, Carbon, Carbon Nanotubes, Chemical, Chromium, Data, Electron Microscopy, Emission, Environmental, Experiment, Experimental, Field, Heavy-Metal Ions, Isotherms, 401 Kinetics, Lead(II) Ions, Length, Model, Modified, Modified Carbon, MWCNTs, Nanotubes, Oxidation, pH, Physical, Removal, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Sorption, Tem, Transmission, Treatment, Water 402 Title: Journal of Nanoparticle Research Full Journal Title: Journal of Nanoparticle Research; Journal of Nanoparticle Research ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: 1388-0764 Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Huang, Z., Chen, H.C., Yan, L.J. and Roco, M.C. (2005), Longitudinal nanotechnology development (1991-2002): National Science Foundation funding and its impact on patents. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 7 (4-5), 343-376. Full Text: 2005\J Nan Res7, 343.pdf Abstract: Nanotechnology holds the promise to revolutionize a wide range of products, processes and applications. It is recognized by over sixty countries as critical for their development at the beginning of the 21st century. A significant public investment of over $1 billion annually is devoted to nanotechnology research in the United States. This paper provides an analysis of the National Science Foundation (NSF) funding of nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) and its relationship to the innovation as reflected in the United States Patent and Trade Office (USPTO) patent data. Using a combination of bibliometric analysis and visualization tools, we have identified several general trends, the key players, and the evolution of technology topics in the NSF funding and commercial patenting activities. This study documents the rapid growth of innovation in the field of nanotechnology and its correlation to funding. Statistical analysis shows that the NSF-funded researchers and their patents have higher impact factors than other private and publicly funded reference groups. This suggests the importance of fundamental research on nanotechnology development. The number of cites per NSF-funded inventor is about 10 as compared to 2 for all inventors of NSE-related patents recorded at USPTO, and the corresponding Authority Score is 20 as compared to 1.8. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Correlation, Data, Development, Engineering, Evolution, Field, Funding, General, Growth, Impact, Impact Factors, Innovation, Nanoscale Science And Engineering, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology Research, Patent, Patents, Public, Research, Science, Technology, 403 Trends, United States, Visualization ? Kostoff, R.N., Stump, J.A., Johnson, D., Murday, J.S., Lau, C.G.Y. and Tolles, W.M. (2006), The structure and infrastructure of the global nanotechnology literature. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 8 (3-4), 301-321. Full Text: 2006\J Nan Res8, 301.pdf Abstract: Text mining is the extraction of useful information from large volumes of text. A text mining analysis of the global open nanotechnology literature was performed. Records from the Science Citation Index (SCI)/Social SCI were analyzed to provide the infrastructure of the global nanotechnology literature (prolific authors/journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/papers/journals) and the thematic structure (taxonomy) of the global nanotechnology literature, from a science perspective. Records from the Engineering Compendex (EC) were analyzed to provide a taxonomy from a technology perspective. The Far Eastern countries have expanded nanotechnology publication output dramatically in the past decade. The Peoples Republic of China ranks second to the USA (2004 results) in nanotechnology papers published in the SCI, and has increased its nanotechnology publication output by a factor of 21 in a decade. Of the six most prolific (publications) nanotechnology countries, the three from the Western group (USA, Germany, France) have about eight percent more nanotechnology publications (for 2004) than the three from the Far Eastern group (China, Japan, South Korea). While most of the high nanotechnology publication-producing countries are also high nanotechnology patent producers in the US Patent Office (as of 2003), China is a major exception. China ranks 20th as a nanotechnology patent-producing country in the US Patent Office. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometrics, Bibliometrics, China, Citation, Citation Index, Computational Linguistics, Countries, Database Tomography, France, Germany, Impact, Information, Korea, Literature, Nanocomposites, Nanocrystals, Nanofabrication, Nanolithography, Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles, Nanoscience, Nanostructures, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology Publication, Nanotubes, Nanowires, Papers, Patent, Publication, Publications, Quantum Dots, Sci, Science, Science Citation Index, Self-Assembly, Taxonomy, Technology, Text Mining, Text-Mining, Us ? Huang, Z., Chen, H.C., Li, X. and Roco, M.C. (2006), Connecting NSF funding to patent innovation in nanotechnology (2001-2004). Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 8 (6), 859-879. Full Text: 2006\J Nan Res8, 859.pdf Abstract: Nanotechnology research has experienced growth rapid in knowledge and innovations; it also attracted significant public funding in recent years. Several countries have recognized nanotechnology as a critical research domain that promises to revolutionize a wide range of fields of applications. In this paper, we 404 present an analysis of the funding for nanoscale science and engineering (NSE) at the National Science Foundation (NSF) and its implications on technological innovation (number of patents) in this field from 2001 to 2004. Using a combination of basic bibliometric analysis and content visualization tools, we identify growth trends, research topic distribution, and the evolution in NSF funding and commercial patenting activities recorded at the United States Patent Office (USPTO). The patent citations are used to compare the impact of the NSF-funded research on nanotechnology development with research supported by other sources in the United States and abroad. The analysis shows that the NSF-funded researchers and patents authored by them have significantly higher impact based on patent citation measures in the four-year period than other comparison groups. The NSF-authored patent impact is growing faster with the lifetime of a patent, indicating the long-term importance of fundamental research. Keywords: Analysis, Applications, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Analysis, Citations, Country, Development, Distribution, Evolution, Funding, Government Funding, Groups, Growth, Impact, Importance, Information Visualization, Institution, Knowledge, Lifetime, Nanoscale Science And Engineering, Nanotechnology, NSE, Paper, Patent Analysis, Patent Citations, Patents, Range, Recent, Research, Research and Development (R&D), Science, Self-Organizing Maps, Sources, Technological Innovation, Technology Field, Tools, Trends, United States, Visualization ? Kostoff, R.N., Koytcheff, R.G. and Lau, C.G.Y. (2007), Technical structure of the global nanoscience and nanotechnology literature. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 9 (5), 701-724. Full Text: 2007\J Nan Res9, 701.pdf Abstract: Text mining was used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global nanotechnology and nanoscience research literature. An extensive nanotechnology/nanoscience-focused query was applied to the Science Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index (SCI/SSCI) databases. The nanotechnology/nanoscience research literature technical structure (taxonomy) was obtained using computational linguistics/document clustering and factor analysis. The infrastructure (prolific authors, key journals/institutions/countries, most cited authors/journals/documents) for each of the clusters generated by the document clustering algorithm was obtained using bibliometrics. Another novel addition was the use of phrase auto-correlation maps to show technical thrust areas based on phrase co-occurrence in Abstracts, and the use of phrase-phrase cross-correlation maps to show technical thrust areas based on phrase relations due to the sharing of common co-occurring phrases. The similar to 400 most cited nanotechnology papers since 1991 were grouped, and their characteristics generated. Whereas the main analysis provided technical thrusts of all nanotechnology papers retrieved, analysis of 405 the most cited papers allowed their characteristics to be displayed. Finally, most cited papers from selected time periods were extracted, along with all publications from those time periods, and the institutions and countries were compared based on their representation in the most cited documents list relative to their representation in the most publications list. Keywords: Algorithm, Analysis, Bibliometrics, Characteristics, Citation Analysis, Clustering, Clusters, Computational, Databases, Document Clustering, Factor Analysis, Global, Institutions, Key, Mining, Nanodevices, Nanofabrication, Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles, Nanoscience, Nanosystems, Nanotechnology, Publications, Representation, Research, Science Citation Index, Source, Structure, Taxonomy, Text Mining ? Li, X., Chen, H.C., Dang, Y., Lin, Y.L., Larson, C.A. and Roco, M.C. (2008), A longitudinal analysis of nanotechnology literature: 1976-2004. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10 (1), 3-22. Full Text: 2008\J Nan Res10, 3.pdf Abstract: Nanotechnology research and applications have experienced rapid growth in recent years. We assessed the status of nanotechnology research worldwide by applying bibliographic, content map, and citation network analysis to a data set of about 200,000 nanotechnology papers published in the Thomson Science Citation Index Expanded database (SCI) from 1976 to 2004. This longitudinal study shows a quasi-exponential growth of nanotechnology articles with an average annual growth rate of 20.7% after 1991. The United States had the largest contribution of nanotechnology research and China and Korea had the fastest growth rates. The largest institutional contributions were from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences. The high-impact papers generally described tools, theories, technologies, perspectives, and over-views of nanotechnology. From the top 20 institutions, based on the average number of paper citations in 1976-2004, 17 were in the Unites States, 2 in France and 1 in Germany. Content map analysis identified the evolution of the major topics researched from 1976 to 2004, including investigative tools, physical phenomena, and experiment environments. Both the country citation network and the institution citation network had relatively high clustering, indicating the existence of citation communities in the two networks, and specific patterns in forming citation communities. The United States, Germany, Japan, and China were major citation centers in nanotechnology research with close inter-citation relationships. Keywords: Applications, Articles, Bibliographic Analysis, China, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citation Network, Citations, Clustering, Collaboration, Contribution, Country, Database, Evolution, France, Germany, Growth, Information Visualization, Institution, Interdisciplinarity, Korea, Literature, Longitudinal, Longitudinal Study, 406 Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology Papers, Nanotechnology Research, Network Analysis, Networks, Paper Citations, Patents, Patterns, Research, Research and Development (R&D), SCI, Science, Science Citation Index, Self-Organizing Maps, Technological Innovation, Technology Field, Tools, Topics, United States, USPTO ? Porter, A.L., Youtie, J., Shapira, P. and Schoeneck, D.J. (2008), Refining search terms for nanotechnology. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10 (5), 715-728. Full Text: 2008\J Nan Res10, 715.pdf Abstract: The ability to delineate the boundaries of an emerging technology is central to obtaining an understanding of the technology’s research paths and commercialization prospects. Nowhere is this more relevant than in the case of nanotechnology (hereafter identified as “nano”) given its current rapid growth and multidisciplinary nature. (Under the rubric of nanotechnology, we also include nanoscience and nanoengineering.) Past efforts have utilized several strategies, including simple term search for the prefix nano, complex lexical and citation-based approaches, and bootstrapping techniques. This research introduces a modularized Boolean approach to defining nanotechnology which has been applied to several research and patenting databases. We explain our approach to downloading and cleaning data, and report initial results. Comparisons of this approach with other nanotechnology search formulations are presented. Implications for search strategy development and profiling of the nanotechnology field are discussed. Keywords: Approach, Bibliometric Analysis, Boundaries, Country, Data, Databases, Development, Field, Growth, Institution, Multidisciplinary, Nanoinformatics, Nanopatenting, Nanoscience, Nanoscience and Engineering, Nanosciences, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology Publication, Profiling, Research, Research Profiling, Search Strategies, Search Strategy, Strategy Development, Techniques, Technology, Technology Field, Term, Understanding ? Youtie, J., Shapira, P. and Porter, A.L. (2008), Nanotechnology publications and citations by leading countries and blocs. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10 (6), 981-986. Full Text: 2008\J Nan Res10, 981.pdf Abstract: This article examines the relative positions with respect to nanotechnology research publications of the European Union (EU), the United States (US), Japan, Germany, China, and three Asian Tiger nations (South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan). The analysis uses a dataset of nanotechnology publication records for the time period 1990 through 2006 (part year) extracted from the Science Citation Index obtained through the Web of Science and was developed through a two-stage modularized Boolean approach. The results show that although the EU and the US have the highest number of nanotechnology publications, China and other Asian 407 countries are increasing their publications rapidly, taking an ever-larger proportion of the total. When viewed in terms of the quality-based measure of citations, Asian nanotechnology researchers also show growth in recent years. However, by such citation measures, the US still maintains a strongly dominant position, followed by the EU. Keywords: Analysis, Bibliometric Analysis, China, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Country Comparison, Germany, International Perspective, Japan, Nanoscience, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology Publication, Patents, Publication, Publications, Research, Researchers, Science, Science Citation Index, South Korea, Technology, US, Web of Science ? Ostrowski, A.D., Martin, T., Conti, J., Hurt, I. and Harthorn, B.H. (2009), Nanotoxicology: Characterizing the scientific literature, 2000-2007. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11 (2), 251-257. Full Text: 2009\J Nan Res11, 251.pdf Abstract: Understanding the toxicity of nanomaterials and nano-enabled products is important for human and environmental health and safety as well as public acceptance. Assessing the state of knowledge about nanotoxicology is an important step in promoting comprehensive understanding of the health and environmental implications of these new materials. To this end, we employed bibliometric techniques to characterize the prevalence and distribution of the current scientific literature. We found that the nano-toxicological literature is dispersed across a range of disciplines and sub-fields; focused on in vitro testing; often does not specify an exposure pathway; and tends to emphasize acute toxicity and mortality rather than chronic exposure and morbidity. Finally, there is very little research on consumer products, particularly on their environmental fate, and most research is on the toxicity of basic nanomaterials. The implications for toxicologists, regulators and social scientists studying nanotechnology and society are discussed. Keywords: EHS, Environment, Exposure Pathway, Health and Safety, Knowledge, Literature Review, Mortality, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Nanotoxicology, Research ? Porter, A.L. and Youtie, J. (2009), How interdisciplinary is nanotechnology? Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11 (5), 1023-1041. Full Text: 2009\J Nan Res11, 1023.pdf Abstract: Facilitating cross-disciplinary research has attracted much attention in recent years, with special concerns in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Although policy discourse has emphasized that nanotechnology is substantively integrative, some analysts have countered that it is really a loose amalgam of relatively traditional pockets of physics, chemistry, and other disciplines that interrelate only weakly. We are developing empirical measures to gauge and visualize the extent and nature of 408 interdisciplinary interchange. Such results speak to research organization, funding, and mechanisms to bolster knowledge transfer. In this study, we address the nature of cross-disciplinary linkages using “science overlay maps” of articles, and their references, that have been categorized into subject categories. We find signs that the rate of increase in nano research is slowing, and that its composition is changing (for one, increasing chemistry-related activity). Our results suggest that nanotechnology research encompasses multiple disciplines that draw knowledge from disciplinarily diverse knowledge sources. Nano research is highly, and increasingly, integrative-but so is much of science these days. Tabulating and mapping nano research activity show a dominant core in materials sciences, broadly defined. Additional analyses and maps show that nano research draws extensively upon knowledge presented in other areas; it is not constricted within narrow silos. Keywords: Areas, Bibliometrics, Categories, Cocitation, Converging Technologies, Governance, Interdisciplinarity, Journals, Knowledge, Nanoscale, Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Nanotechnology Research Activity Patterns, Nanotechnology Trends, Policy, Research, Science, Science Mapping, Terms ? Youtie, J., Shapira, P. and Porter, A.L. (2008), Nanotechnology publications and citations by leading countries and blocs. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 10 (6), 981-986. Full Text: 2008\J Nan Res10, 981.pdf Abstract: This article examines the relative positions with respect to nanotechnology research publications of the European Union (EU), the United States (US), Japan, Germany, China, and three Asian Tiger nations (South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan). The analysis uses a dataset of nanotechnology publication records for the time period 1990 through 2006 (part year) extracted from the Science Citation Index obtained through the Web of Science and was developed through a two-stage modularized Boolean approach. The results show that although the EU and the US have the highest number of nanotechnology publications, China and other Asian countries are increasing their publications rapidly, taking an ever-larger proportion of the total. When viewed in terms of the quality-based measure of citations, Asian nanotechnology researchers also show growth in recent years. However, by such citation measures, the US still maintains a strongly dominant position, followed by the EU. Keywords: Analysis, Approach, Asian, Bibliometric Analysis, China, Citation, Citation Analysis, Citations, Country Comparison, EU, European Union, Germany, Growth, International Perspective, Japan, Korea, Nanoscience, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology Publication, Nanotechnology Research, Nations, Patents, Publication, Publications, Records, Research, Science, Science Citation Index, Taiwan, Technology, United States, US, Web of Science 409 ? Ostrowski, A.D., Martin, T., Conti, J., Hurt, I. and Harthorn, B.H. (2009), Nanotoxicology: Characterizing the scientific literature, 2000-2007. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11 (2), 251-257. Full Text: 2009\J Nan Res11, 251.pdf Abstract: Understanding the toxicity of nanomaterials and nano-enabled products is important for human and environmental health and safety as well as public acceptance. Assessing the state of knowledge about nanotoxicology is an important step in promoting comprehensive understanding of the health and environmental implications of these new materials. To this end, we employed bibliometric techniques to characterize the prevalence and distribution of the current scientific literature. We found that the nano-toxicological literature is dispersed across a range of disciplines and sub-fields; focused on in vitro testing; often does not specify an exposure pathway; and tends to emphasize acute toxicity and mortality rather than chronic exposure and morbidity. Finally, there is very little research on consumer products, particularly on their environmental fate, and most research is on the toxicity of basic nanomaterials. The implications for toxicologists, regulators and social scientists studying nanotechnology and society are discussed. Keywords: Acceptance, Acute Toxicity, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Techniques, Chronic, Consumer, Consumer Products, Disciplines, Distribution, EHS, Environment, Environmental, Environmental Fate, Environmental Health, Exposure, Exposure Pathway, Fate, Health, Health And Safety, Human, In Vitro, Knowledge, Literature, Literature Review, Morbidity, Mortality, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Nanotoxicology, New Materials, Prevalence, Public, Research, Safety, Scientific Literature, Social, Society, State, Techniques, Testing, The State, Toxicity, Understanding ? Liu, X., Zhang, P.Z., Li, X., Chen, H.C., Dang, Y., Larson, C., Roco, M.C. and Wang, X.W. (2009), Trends for nanotechnology development in China, Russia, and India. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11 (8), 1845-1866. Full Text: 2009\J Nan Res11, 1845.pdf Abstract: China, Russia, and India are playing an increasingly important role in global nanotechnology research and development (R&D). This paper comparatively inspects the paper and patent publications by these three countries in the Thomson Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI) database and United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) database (1976-2007). Bibliographic, content map, and citation network analyses are used to evaluate country productivity, dominant research topics, and knowledge diffusion patterns. Significant and consistent growth in nanotechnology papers are noted in the three countries. Between 2000 and 2007, the average annual growth rate was 31.43% in China, 11.88% in Russia, and 33.51% in India. During the same time, the growth patterns were less consistent in patent 410 publications: the corresponding average rates are 31.13, 10.41, and 5.96%. The three countries’ paper impact measured by the average number of citations has been lower than the world average. However, from 2000 to 2007, it experienced rapid increases of about 12.8 times in China, 8 times in India, and 1.6 times in Russia. The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), and the Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) were the most productive institutions in paper publication, with 12,334, 6,773, and 1,831 papers, respectively. The three countries emphasized some common research topics such as “Quantum dots,” “Carbon nanotubes,” “Atomic force microscopy,” and “Scanning electron microscopy,” while Russia and India reported more research on nano-devices as compared with China. CAS, RAS, and IIT played key roles in the respective domestic knowledge diffusion. Keywords: Bibliographic Analysis, Citation Analysis of Articles and Patents, Field, Information Visualization, Infrastructure, International, Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, Research and Development, Science-And-Technology, Self-Organizing Maps, Statistics, Technological Innovation, USPTO ? Barcikowski, S., Devesa, F. and Moldenhauer, K. (2009), Impact and structure of literature on nanoparticle generation by laser ablation in liquids. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 11 (8), 1883-1893. Full Text: 2009\J Nan Res11, 1883.pdf Abstract: The number of publications on laser ablation and nanoparticle generation in liquids increased by the factor of 15 in the last decade, with comparable high impact of the most cited articles in this field. A nearly unlimited variety of nanoparticle material, liquid matrix, and conjugative agent can be combined to a huge variety of colloids within a few minutes of laser processing. However, this diversification makes it hard to identify main research directions without a comprehensive literature overview. This investigation evaluates the impact and structure of the literature in this field tagging most prolific subjects and articles. Using an optimized search algorithm, the data sets derived from Science Citation Index (1998-2008) allow for statements on publication subject clusters, impact of articles and journals, as well as mapping global spots of activities. Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Colloid, Cyclodextrins, Dynamics, Fabrication, Fragmentation, Gold Nanoparticles, Growth, Laser Ablation, Literature, Media, Nanocrystals, Nanomanufacturing, Nanomaterial, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, Size ? Subramanian, V., Youtie, J., Porter, A.L. and Shapira, P. (2010), Is there a shift to “active nanostructures”? Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 12 (1), 1-10. Full Text: 2010\J Nan Res12, 1.pdf Abstract: It has been suggested that an important transition in the long-run trajectory of nanotechnology development is a shift from passive to active nanostructures. Such a 411 shift could present different or increased societal impacts and require new approaches for risk assessment. An active nanostructure “changes or evolves its state during its operation,” according to the National Science Foundation’s (2006) Active Nanostructures and Nanosystems grant solicitation. Active nanostructure examples include nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), nanomachines, self-healing materials, targeted drugs and chemicals, energy storage devices, and sensors. This article considers two questions: (a) Is there a “shift” to active nanostructures? (b) How can we characterize the prototypical areas into which active nanostructures may emerge? We build upon the NSF definition of active nanostructures to develop a research publication search strategy, with a particular intent to distinguish between passive and active nanotechnologies. We perform bibliometric analyses and describe the main publication trends from 1995 to 2008. We then describe the prototypes of research that emerge based on reading the abstracts and review papers encountered in our search. Preliminary results suggest that there is a sharp rise in active nanostructures publications in 2006, and this rise is maintained in 2007 and through to early 2008. We present a typology that can be used to describe the kind of active nanostructures that may be commercialized and regulated in the future. Keywords: Active Nanostructures, Active Nanotechnology, Assessment, Bibliometric, Bibliometrics, Chemicals, Development, Drugs, Energy, Nanoscale Science, Nanostructures, Nanotechnology, Papers, Prototypes, Publication, Publication Trends, Publications, Research, Review, Risk, Risk Assessment, Science, Science and Technology Trends, Strategy, Trajectory, Trends ? Mohapatra, M., Rout, K., Gupta, S.K., Singh, P., Anand, S. and Mishra, B.K. (2010), Facile synthesis of additive-assisted nano goethite powder and its application for fluoride remediation. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 12 (2), 681-686. Full Text: 2010\J Nan Res12, 681.pdf Abstract: The present article describes a novel synthesis route for nano-sized goethite (alpha-FeOOH) using hydrazine sulphate as an additive. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of synthesized powder matched well with those of alpha-FeOOH. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the particles of irregular shape in the range of 1-10 nm. Batch adsorption experiments for fluoride uptake were performed to study the influence of various experimental parameters such as contact time (10 min to 7 h), initial fluoride concentration (10-150 mg L-1), pH (2-11.6) and the presence of competing anions. The time data fitted well to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The fluoride removal passed through broad maxima in pH ranges of 6-8. High adsorption capacity of 59 mg g-1 goethite was obtained. The isothermic data fitted well to Freundlich model. The presence of other ions namely chloride and sulphate adversely affected fluoride removal. Fluoride from contaminated water sample could be successfully brought down from 10.25 to 0.5 mg L-1. 412 Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Adsorption-Kinetics, Alpha-Feooh, Anions, Application, Batch Adsorption, Capacity, Chloride, Concentration, Data, EHS, Electron Microscopy, Experimental, Experiments, Ferrihydrite, Fluoride, Fluoride Removal, Freundlich, Freundlich Model, Goethite, Health and Safety, Hydrazine Sulphate, Hydrolysis, Hydroxide, Ions, Iron(III), Kinetic, Kinetic Model, Kinetics And Isotherm, L1, Model, Modified Goethite, Oxidation, Oxide, Particles, pH, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetic Model, Range, Remediation, Removal, Route, Si, Synthesis, Tem, Time, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Uptake, Water, X-Ray, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD ? Menéndez-Manjón, A., Moldenhauer, K., Wagener, P. and Barcikowski, S. (2011), Nano-energy research trends: Bibliometrical analysis of nanotechnology research in the energy sector. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 13 (9), 3911-3922. Full Text: 2011\J Nan Res13, 3911.pdf Abstract: Nano-energy, the part of nanotechnology dedicated to the study and improvement of the Energy Supply Sector, is a promising and perspective research field. A robust method to quantify international scientific activities in this field is the literature search. An evaluative bibliometric approach applied to the Science Citation Index has been done to retrieve a set of articles related to nano-energy and get knowledge of the direction and trends followed by this particular scientific topic. The resulting database showed an exponential increase of the number of publications issuing nano-based investigations in the energy sector in the last decade, accelerating to an annual growth rate of 1,100%. The most cited articles and the material-clustering protocol revealed that carbon-nanoelements and their application in solar energy harvesting and conversion, and energy storage devices have been principally investigated and represent the main focus in that continuously growing research field. The number of nanotechnology-related papers in the energy database increased monotonically for harvesting, conversion, and storage the last decade, being energy distribution and usage not affected. TiO(2) or SnO(2) nanoparticles or thin films, and nanocomposites occupied the following top positions in the investigated material ranking. This trend was constant along the decade, as confirmed by network analyses. Supported by discipline-clustering, we observed the fundamental character of the research developed between 2000 and 2009, relying mainly on material science and chemistry. Hence, further implementation of nanotechnology findings is needed to stimulate nano-based energy-focused technologies reaching widespread commercial applications. Keywords: Bibliometric, Citation, Conversion, Efficiency, Energy, International Perspective, Light, Literature, Literature Survey, Nanomaterials, Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Papers, Power Supply, Publications, Ranking, Research, Research Trends, Science, Science Citation Index, Scientific Activities, Solar-Cells, Storage, 413 Text Mining, TiO2, Trend, Trends 414 Title: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Full Journal Title: Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Kostoff, R.N., Koytcheff, R.G. and Lau, C.G.Y. (2009), Seminal nanotechnology literature: A review. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 9 (11), 6239-6270. Full Text: 2009\J Nan Nan9, 6239.pdf Abstract: This paper uses complementary text mining techniques to identify and retrieve the high impact (seminal) nanotechnology literature over a span of time. Following a brief scientometric analysis of the seminal articles retrieved, these seminal articles are then used as a basis for a comprehensive literature survey of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The paper ends with a global analysis of the relation of seminal nanotechnology document production to total nanotechnology document production. Keywords: AFM, Articles, Atomic-Force Microscope, Bibliometrics, Calorimetry, Citation Analysis, Computational Linguistics, Correlation Map, Document Clustering, Factor Matrix, Field-Effect Transistors, Generalized Gradient Approximation, Global, Impact, Information Technology, Instrument, Instrumentation, Layered Silicate Nanocomposites, Light-Emitting-Diodes, Literature, Microscopy, Nanocomposite, Nanocrystal, Nanomaterial, Nanoparticle, Nanoscience, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Nanostructure, Nanotechnology, Nanotube, Nanowire, Nanowire Building-Blocks, Quantum-DOT Superlattices, Raman Spectroscopy, Review, Scientometric Analysis, Self-Assembled Monolayers, SEM, Spectroscopy, STM, Techniques, TEM, Text Mining, Text-Mining, Total-Energy Calculations, Walled Carbon Nanotubes, X-Ray Diffraction, XRD ? Lee, H.I., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.M., Kim, S., Park, J.N., Hwang, J.S., Yeon, J.W. and Jung, Y. (2010), Application of ordered nanoporous silica for removal of uranium ions from aqueous solutions. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 10 (1), 217-221. 415 Abstract: Ordered nanoporous silica (MSU-H) with high surface area has been utilized as a solid substrate of a surface-modified hybrid sorbent for the application to the removal of U(VI). Carboxymethylated polyethyleneimine (CMPEI) with a strong complexing property has been introduced to the pore surface of MSU-H substrate. CMPEI-modified MSU-H (CMPEI/MSU-H) has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen sorption. In a kinetic experiment for 12.5 ppm U(VI) solution at pH 4.0, 99% U(VI) was removed from solution by the hybrid sorbent within less than 10 min, indicating that the sorption of U(VI) on the CMPEI/MSU-H proceeds very rapidly. It was evident that a U(VI) sorption capacity increased with pH in the range of 2.0 to 4.0. The CMPEI/MSU-H showed a high sorption capacity of 153 mg/g-sorbent at pH 4.0. In particular, the CMPEI/MSU-H showed a significantly high uranium loading stability. Only about 1% U(VI) was released out of CMPEI/MSU-H during 4 months, when the CMPEI/MSU-H was treated with polyacrylic acid. Keywords: Adsorption, Application, Capacity, Carboxymethylated Polyethyleneimine (Cmpei), Electron Microscopy, Experiment, Extraction, Gel, Hybrid, Hybrid Sorbent, Kinetic, Kinetics, Loading, Mesoporous Materials, Nanoporous, Nanoporous Silica (Msu-H), Nitrogen, pH, Polyacrylic Acid, Polyethyleneimine, Polymers, Property, Removal, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Silica, Solution, Sorbent, Sorption, Sorption Capacity, Stability, Surface, Surface Area, U(VI), Uranium, Uranyl Ions ? Robles-Belmont, E. and Vinck, D. (2011), A panorama of nanoscience developments in Mexico based on the comparison and crossing of nanoscience monitoring methods. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 11 (6), 5499-5507. Full Text: 2011\J Nan Nan11, 5499.pdf Abstract: This paper characterises nanoscience developments in Mexico. A panorama of the development trends of these emerging sciences in Mexico is presented on the basis of bibliometric data gathered using different strategies. The results reveal the nanoscience output trend, which knowledge areas are developing, and which journals are publishing the articles and also enable us to identify the main institutional actors involved, and their international collaborations. We have discovered that the most important collaboration networks are maintained with industrialised countries; however, collaborative project work outside Mexico is becoming rarer. Lastly we present our findings on the growth of nanoscience development in Mexico and so-called emerging countries where we demonstrate that Mexico is at a disadvantage to its main economic rivals. Keywords: Assessment of Emerging Sciences, Bibliometric, Collaboration, Development, Emergence, Journals, Mexico, Multidisciplinary, Nanosciences, Nanotechnology, Publishing, Trend ? Chen, J.J., Fang, K.M., Miao, Y.Q., Qian, Z.S. and Chen, J.R. (2011), Study on 416 Adsorption of Co(II) and Ni(II) onto mesoporous Ti-Containing MCM-48. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 11 (8), 6796-6803. Full Text: 2011\J Nan Nan11, 6796.pdf Abstract: Ti-containing MCM-48 (Ti-MCM-48) material with mesoporous structure was synthesized and characterized, and the absorption processes of Co(II) and Ni(II) on the material were investigated in detail in the present study. The Ti- MCM-48 was synthesized by hydrothermal reaction and characterized by XRD, FT-IR and nitrogen sorption methods. Optimum pH value for maximum adsorption rate is 8.0, and the saturated adsorption capacities of Ti-MCM-48 for Co(II) and Ni(II) are 9.870 and 22.94 mg.g-(1) respectively, which are greater than those of the reported materials Adsorption isotherms of Co(II) and Ni(II) on Ti-MCM-48 accord well with the Langmuir adsorption models. Kinetic data of adsorption reactions and the adsorption equilibrium parameters were also determined, and the obtained data correlated linearly with the pseudo-second order equation. Keywords: Adsorption, Adsorption Isotherms, Anodic-Stripping Voltammetry, Aqueous-Solution, Batch Adsorption, Carbon-Paste Electrode, Cardiac Troponin-I, Catalytic Conversion, Co(II), Equilibrium, Equilibrium Parameters, FT-IR, FTIR, Isotherms, Kinetic, Langmuir, Mesoporous, Ni(II), pH, Porous Electrochemical Sensor, Pseudo Second Order, Silica Nanoparticles, Sorption, Ti-Containing MCM-48, Waste-Water 417 Title: Journal of the National Cancer Institute Full Journal Title: Journal of the National Cancer Institute ISO Abbreviated Title: J. Natl. Cancer Inst. JCR Abbreviated Title: J Natl Cancer I ISSN: 0027-8874 Issues/Year: 24 Journal Country/Territory: United States Language: English Publisher: Natl Cancer Institute Publisher Address: 9030 Old Georgetown Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 Subject Categories: Oncology: Impact Factor Notes: highly cited ? Suit, H.D. and Maeda, M. (1967), Hyperbaric oxygen and radiobiology of a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 39 (4), 639-652. Full Text: J Nat Can Ins39, 639 ? Gainer, J.H. (1973), Activation of the Rauscher leukemia virus by metals. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 51 (2), 609-613. Full Text: J Nat Can Ins51, 609 ? Hoover, R.N., McKay, F.W. and Fraumeni, Jr., J.F. (1976), Fluoridated drinking water and the occurrence of cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 57 (4), 757-768. Full Text: J Nat Can Ins57, 757 Abstract: A recent report by the National Health Federation, a private agency, related cancer mortality patterns in the United States to fluoridation of water supplies, triggering much public health concern and some political response. To clarify theIssues raised, we studied cancer mortality and incidence statistics for U.S. counties, 1950-69. No trends could be ascribed to the consumption of water that is artificially or naturally fluoridated. ? Bailar, J.C. and Anthony, G.P. (1977), Most cited papers of Journal of National Cancer Institute, 1962-75. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 59 (2), 709-714. Full Text: 1960-80\J Nat Can Ins59, 709.pdf ? Steele, J.A. (1993), Myths about cancer lead to workplace discrimination. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85 (2), 92-93. Full Text: 1993\J Nat Can Ins85, 92.pdf ? Song, M.K., Heng, M.C.Y., Rolandelli, R., Ament, M.E. and Heng, M.K. (1993), 418 Possible link between zinc intake and colon cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85 (8), 667-669. Full Text: 1993\J Nat Can Ins85, 667.pdf Notes: highly cited ? Aaronson, N.K., Ahmedzai, S., Bergman, B., Bullinger, M., Cull, A., Duez, N.J., Filiberti, A., Flechtner, H., Fleishman, S.B., Dehaes, J.C.J.M., Kaasa, S., Klee, M., Osoba, D., Razavi, D., Rofe, P.B., Schraub, S., Sneeuw, K., Sullivan, M. and Takeda, F. (1993), The European organization for research and treatment of cancer QLQ-C30: A quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 85 (5), 365-376. Full Text: 1993\J Nat Can Ins85, 365.pdf Abstract: Background: In 1986, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) initiated a research program to develop an integrated, modular approach for evaluating the quality of life of patients participating in international clinical trials. Purpose: We report here the results of an international field study of the practicality, reliability, and validity of the EORTC QLQ-C30, the current core questionnaire. The QLQ-C30 incorporates nine multi-item scales: five functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social); three symptom scales (fatigue, pain, and nausea and vomiting); and a global health and quality-of-life scale. Several single-item symptom measures are also included. Methods: The questionnaire was administered before treatment and once during treatment to 305 patients with nonresectable lung cancer from centers in 13 countries. Clinical variables assessed included disease stage, weight loss, performance status, and treatment toxicity. Results: The average time required to complete the questionnaire was approximately 11 minutes, and most patients required no assistance. The data supported the hypothesized scale structure of the questionnaire with the exception of role functioning (work and household activities), which was also the only multi-item scale that failed to meet the minimal standards for reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient greater-than-or-equal-to .70) either before or during treatment. Validity was shown by three findings. First, while all interscale correlations were statistically significant, the correlation was moderate, indicating that the scales were assessing distinct components of the quality-of-life construct. Second, most of the functional and symptom measures discriminated clearly between patients differing in clinical status as defined by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scale, weight loss, and treatment toxicity. Third, there were statistically significant changes, in the expected direction, in physical and role functioning, global quality of life, fatigue, and nausea and vomiting, for patients whose performance status had improved or worsened during treatment. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were highly consistent across the three language-cultural groups 419 studied: patients from English-speaking countries, Northern Europe, and Southern Europe. Conclusions: These results support the EORTC QLQ-C30 as a reliable and valid measure of the quality of life of cancer patients in multicultural clinical research settings. Work is ongoing to examine the performance of the questionnaire among more heterogenous patient samples and in phase II and phase III clinical trials. Keywords: Activities, Adjuvant Therapy, Advanced Breast-Cancer, Cancer, Chemotherapy, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials, Disease, Europe, Fatigue, Functional, Functional Living Index, Impact, Lung Cancer, Lung-Cancer, Methods, Oncology, Outcomes, Pain, Patients, Quality, Quality of Life, Questionnaire, Reliability, Research, Social, Standards, Survival, Toxicity, Treatment, Validation, Validity, Weight Loss, Women ? Nyrèn, O., McLaughlin, J.K., Gridley, G., Ekbom, A., Johnel, O., Fraumeni, Jr., J.F. and Adami, H.O. (1995), Cancer risk after hip replacement with metal implants: A population-based cohort study in Sweden. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 87 (1), 28-33. Full Text: 1995\J Nat Can Ins87, 28.pdf Abstract: Background: Joint replacement with metal implants has been the standard procedure for surgical treatment of irreversible degeneration of hip and knee joints for more than two decades, However, reports of local malignancy after joint replacement and experimental studies that suggest a carcinogenic action of metal ions and polymethylmethacrylate (an acrylic compound used to stabilize the implant in the host) have raised concern about the possible long-term risks associated with metal implants, Purpose: Our aim was to study cancer risk in a Swedish cohort of patients who had hip replacement surgery during the period 1965 through 1983, Methods: We studied the risk of cancer in a cohort of 39 154 patients (14 869 men and 24 285 women), identified in the nationwide Swedish Inpatient Register with at least one hip replacement during the period 1965 through 1983, The patients were followed through 1989 by means of record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register, The cohort contributed a total of 327 922 person-years at risk, Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed using age-, sex-, and period-specific incidence rates derived from the entire Swedish population, Results: The overall relative risk of cancer was increased by only 3%, Bone cancer-the focus of previous concerns-occurred in six cases versus 4.3 expected, and connective tissue cancer occurred in 28 cases versus 25.9 expected, Increased risks were observed for kidney cancer (SIR = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13-1.51), prostate cancer (SIR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.22), and melanoma (SIR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.50), The relative risk of gastric cancer steadily declined with increasing follow-up time, in both men and women (SIR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.39-0.84 more than 10 years after hip 420 replacement). Conclusion: In this study, the largest study to date to evaluate hip replacement and subsequent cancer risk, the overall cancer risk appears to be negligible from a public health perspective, and our results have not produced any strong evidence against the continued use of these devices. Nevertheless, the small but statistically significant increases in kidney and prostate cancers and the decrease in gastric cancer deserve further study. Keywords: Helicobacter-Pylori Infection, Renal-Cell Carcinoma, Large-Bowel Cancer, New-South-Wales, Osteo-Arthritis, Aspirin Use, Gastric Adenocarcinoma, Joint Replacement, Prostate-Cancer, Colon Cancer ? Calle, E.E., Miraclemcmahill, H.L., Thun, M.J. and Heath, C.W. (1995), Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of fatal colon cancer in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 87 (7), 517-523. Full Text: 1995\J Nat Can Ins87, 517.pdf Abstract: Background: The results of several recent epidemiologic studies suggest that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in postmenopausal women may decrease their risk of subsequently developing colon or colorectal cancer, However, the association is not clear, as other similar studies have failed to show this inverse relationship, Purpose: The present study attempts a more definitive analysis of the relationship between fatal colon cancer and use of ERT among women in a large prospective study of adults in the United States, Methods: Women were selected for study from the 676 526 female participants in Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II), a prospective mortality study of about 1.2 million American men and women (from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico), begun by the American Cancer Society in 1982, The median age of the female CPS-II participants was 56 years in 1982, Vital status was determined through December 31, 1989; 630 585 participants (93.2%) were still alive and 43 862 (6.5%) had died after 7 years of follow-up, Death certificates were obtained for 96.2% of participants known to have died, At the end of follow-up, 897 colon cancer deaths were observed in a cohort of 422 373 postmenopausal women who were cancer free at study entry, Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute rate ratios (RRs) and to adjust for other potential risk factors, The likelihood ratio test (two-sided) was used to determine the statistical significance of the interaction terms, Results: Ever use of ERT was associated with significantly decreased risk of fatal colon cancer (RR = 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61-0.83), The reduction in risk was strongest among current users (RR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.40-0.76), and there was a significant (P =.0001) trend of decreasing risk with increasing years of use among all users: Users of 1 year or less had an RR of 0.81 (95% CI = 0.63-1.03), while users of 11 years or more had an RR of 0.54 (95% CI = 0.39-0.76), These associations were not altered in multivariate analyses controlling for other risk factors, Conclusions: In our data, 421 estrogen therapy, particularly recent and long-term use, was associated with a substantial decrease in risk of fatal colon cancer, These results were consistent with several published studies suggesting a protective role of exogenous estrogens in the development of colorectal cancer and merit further investigation. Keywords: Large-Bowel-Cancer, Exogenous Female Hormones, Colorectal-Cancer, Reproductive Factors, Bile-Acids, Carcinogenesis, Receptors, Carcinoma, Biliary, Rats ? Rosenfeld, M.R., Malats, N., Schramm, L., Graus, F., Cardenal, F., Vinolas, N., Rosell, R., Tora, M., Real, F.X., Posner, J.B. and Dalmau, J. (1997), Serum anti-p53 antibodies and prognosis of patients with small-cell lung cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89 (5), 381-385. Full Text: 1997\J Nat Can Ins89, 381.pdf Abstract: BACKGROUND: Some patients with cancer develop antibodies against the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The presence of these antibodies in serum has been associated with the expression of mutant p53 by the tumor and in some studies with a poorer survival. Purpose: The goals of this study were to determine the prevalence of anti-p53 antibodies in the serum of patients with newly diagnosed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and to assess the clinical relevance of the presence of these antibodies in the serum, particularly their relationship with tumor response to treatment and with patient survival. METHODS: In this prospective study, serum was obtained from 170 patients at the time of diagnosis of SCLC who were to subsequently receive platinum-or doxorubicin-based chemotherapy at any one of four hospitals in Barcelona, Spain, from October 1991 through June 1994. Normal human sera from blood bank donors (n = 50) served as controls. The presence of anti-p53 antibodies was determined by western blot analysis with the use of purified recombinant p53 protein. As of January 1996, 96.5% of the patients had been treated and observed in the study, for a median follow-up time of 33.5 months. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression and unconditional logistic regression analyses were conducted. All P values resulted from two-sided tests. RESULTS: Anti-p53 antibodies were detected in the serum of 27 (16%) of the 170 patients studied. None of 50 serum samples from normal individuals contained anti-p53 antibodies, Analysis of pretreatment clinical characteristics demonstrated that a weight loss of less than 5% (P = .025), a serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) level of less than 450 U/L (P = .002), and limited stage disease (i.e., tumor confined to one hemithorax, with local and regional lymph node positivity for tumor cells and/or ipsilateral pleural effusion allowed) (P < .001) were associated with a statistically significant complete response to therapy, The presence of serum anti-p53 antibodies was not associated with clinical characteristics, such as age (P = .622), 422 functional status (P = 1.0), disease stage (P = .634), complete response to treatment (P = .572), and survival (P = .492) or with any laboratory parameters including known prognostic factors in SCLC, such as serum sodium or LDH concentration (P values of .731 and .246, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The presence of anti-p53 antibodies in the serum of patients with newly diagnosed SCLC was not associated with any clinical characteristics or prognostic markers, suggesting that, in this context, the measurement of anti-p53 antibodies is not a useful prognostic marker. Keywords: Tumor-Suppressor Gene, Breast-Cancer, Circulating Antibodies, Oncogene Product, P53 Antibodies, Protein P53, Autoantibodies, Survival, Proportion, Carcinoma ? Komulainen, H., Kosma, V.M., Vaittinen, S.L., Vartiainen, T., Kaliste Korhonen, E., Lötjönen, S., Tuominen, R.K. and Tuomisto, J. (1997), Carcinogenicity of the drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in the rat. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 89 (12), 848-856. Full Text: 1997\J Nat Can Ins89, 848.pdf Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that the consumption of chlorinated drinking water may be associated with the development of certain cancers in humans. 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2 (5H)-furanone (MX), a byproduct of the chemical reactions that occur in chlorinated drinking water, has been found to be mutagenic in bacteria and mammalian cells; however, its potential to cause tumors in animals has not been tested previously. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcinogenicity of MX in rats given MX in their drinking water. METHODS: MX was administered to male and female Wistar rats (50 rats per dose group) in drinking water for 104 weeks at concentrations yielding the average daily doses of MX of 0.4 mg/kg of animal weight (low dose), 1.3 mg/kg (mid dose), and 5.0 mg/kg (high dose) for males and 0.6 mg/kg, 1.9 mg/kg, and 6.6 mg/kg for females, respectively. Control rats received water from the same source used for preparation of the MX dose formulations (after its adjustment to the same pH range). Body weight, clinical signs, and food and water consumption were recorded regularly. At the end of the treatment period, the animals were killed and full histopathologic analysis was performed on 47 tissues and all lesions. RESULTS: Dose-dependent increases in tumor incidence were observed in rats given MX-containing drinking water; the same MX doses had no obvious toxic effects on animals. MX consumption increased most drastically the prevalence of follicular adenoma (up to 43% and 72% in high-dose males and females, a test [one-sided] for positive trend in all dose groups P = .0045 and P = .0000, respectively) and carcinoma (55% [P = .0000] and 44% [P = .0000], respectively) in thyroid glands 423 and cholangioma in the liver (8% [P = .0009] and 66% [P = .0000] in the high-dose males and females, respectively). Among rats given the higher doses of MX in their drinking water, cortical adenomas of the adrenal glands were increased in both sexes, alveolar and bronchiolar adenomas of the lungs and Langerhans’ cell adenomas of the pancreas were increased in males, and lymphomas, leukemias, and adenocarcinomas and fibroadenomas of the mammary glands were increased in females. Even the lowest MX dose studied was carcinogenic. CONCLUSION: MX is a potent carcinogen in both male and female rats, and it causes tumors at doses that are not overtly toxic to rats. IMPLICATIONS: Although these findings cannot be extrapolated to humans, MX should be studied as a candidate risk factor in the possible association between consumption of chlorinated drinking water and cancer in humans. Keywords: Potent Bacterial Mutagen, Sprague-Dawley Rats, Spontaneous Neoplasms, Cells, MX, Induction, Mutation, Cancers, Lesions, Acid ? Mocellin, S., Pasquali, S., Rossi, C.R. and Nitti, D. (2010), Interferon alpha adjuvant therapy in patients with high-risk melanoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 102 (7), 493-501. Abstract: Based on previous meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the use of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) in the adjuvant setting improves disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with high-risk cutaneous melanoma. However, RCTs have yielded conflicting data on the effect of IFN-alpha on overall survival (OS). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of IFN-alpha on DFS and OS in patients with high-risk cutaneous melanoma. The systematic review was performed by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cancerlit, Cochrane, ISI Web of Science, and ASCO databases. The meta-analysis was performed using time-to-event data from which hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of DFS and OS were estimated. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses to investigate the effect of dose and treatment duration were also performed. Statistical tests were two-sided. The meta-analysis included 14 RCTs, published between 1990 and 2008, and involved 8122 patients, of which 4362 patients were allocated to the IFN-alpha arm. IFN-alpha alone was compared with observation in 12 of the 14 trials, and 17 comparisons (IFN-alpha vs comparator) were generated in total. IFN-alpha treatment was associated with a statistically significant improvement in DFS in 10 of the 17 comparisons (HR for disease recurrence = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.77 to 0.87; P < .001) and improved OS in four of the 14 comparisons (HR for death = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83 to 0.96; P = .002). No between-study heterogeneity in either DFS or OS was observed. No optimal IFN-alpha dose and/or treatment duration or a subset of patients more responsive to adjuvant therapy was identified using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. In patients with high-risk cutaneous melanoma, IFN-alpha 424 adjuvant treatment showed statistically significant improvement in both DFS and OS. Keywords: Adjuvant, Adjuvant Therapy, Analysis, Cochrane, Confidence Intervals, Cooperative-Oncology-Group, Cutaneous Melanoma, Databases, Disease, Embase, High-Dose Interferon-Alpha-2B, ISI, Lymph-Node Metastasis, Malignant-Melanoma, Medline, Melanoma, Meta Analysis, Meta-Analysis, Observation, Phase-III Trial, Publication Bias, Randomized Controlled Trials, Randomized-Trial, Recurrence, Resected Melanoma, Review, Science, Stage-IIB, III Melanoma, Survival, Systematic, Systematic Review, Therapy, Treatment, Web of Science 425 Title: Journal of the National Medical Association Full Journal Title: Journal of the National Medical Association ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Laraque, D., Barlow, B. and Durkin, M. (1999), Prevention of youth injuries. Journal of the National Medical Association, 91 (10), 557-571. Abstract: There are four categories of causes responsible for the majority of injuries in youth 10-19 years of age: 1) motor vehicle traffic; 2) violence (intra-Familial, extra-familial, self, pregnancy-related); 3) recreational; and 4) occupational. This article presents data from the National Center for Health Statistics mortality data and the National Pediatric Trauma Registry morbidity data. Nationwide, the pediatric injury death rate is highest among adolescents 15-19 years of age. Motor vehicle-related deaths account for 41% and firearm-related deaths account for 36% of injury deaths in this age group. For youths aged 10-14 years, motor vehicle-related deaths account for 38% and; firearm-related deaths account For 26% of injury deaths. For both age groups, occupant motor vehicle-related deaths account for the majority of deaths and underscore the need for seat belt use. Using theoretical principles based on the Haddon matrix and a knowledge of adolescent development proposed interventions to decrease injuries and deaths related to motor vehicles and firearms include graduated licensing, occupant restraint, speed limits, conflict resolution, and gun control. Occupational injuries, particularly injury associated with agricultural production, account for an estimated 100,000 injuries per year. Preventive strategies include OSHA regulations imposing standards for protective devices and Further study For guidelines for adolescent work in agriculture. Injuries related to recreation include drowning and sports injuries. Preventive strategies may include proper supervision and risk reduction with respect to use of alcohol/drugs. The data presented support the use of primary prevention to achieve the most effective, safe community interventions targeting adolescents. Keywords: Injuries, Adolescents, Prevention, Child Pedestrian Injury, 426 Motorcycle-Helmet-Use, Health Belief Model, United-States, Crash Involvement, Traumatic Deaths, Driver Education, Teenaged Drivers, Gun Ownership, Risk Factor ? Bodurtha, J.N., Quillin, J.M., Tracy, K.A., Borzelleca, J., McClish, D., Wilson, D.B., Jones, R.M., Quillin, J. and Bowen, D. (2007), Recruiting diverse patients to a breast cancer risk communication trial - Waiting rooms can improve access. Journal of the National Medical Association, 99 (8), 917-922. Abstract: Low participation among underserved populations in health research constrains progress in public health practices. From 2003 to 2005, Women’s Health Clinic patients at the VCU Health System were recruited to a trial investigating breast cancer risk communication. In secondary analyses, we examined dimensions of the recruitment of these diverse women. The sample characteristics (age, insurance, race and previous mammograms) were compared to the overall clinic. Of recruitment attempts for eligible women, 45% consented; of those who declined, the top cited reasons were lack of time (40%) and lack of interest (187.). Of 899 participants, 35% qualified for the indigent care program, compared to 31% of the overall clinic (P<0.001). Forty-five percent of participants’ were African American, compared to 54% of overall clinic patients (P<0.001). Participants were younger (50 vs. 53 years, P<0.001) than the overall clinic population. Nonrepresentative enrollment of patients in clinical trials is common and could lead to suboptimal applicability of findings. Although there were statistically significant race and age differences between the study sample and the overall population, we demonstrate that waiting room recruitment can engage diverse women in a clinical trial and cancer risk communication. Keywords: African-American Women, Challenges, Clinical Investigation, Clinical Trials, Clinical-Trials, Family-History, Genetic Risk, Ovarian-Cancer, Participation, Populations, Predictors, Primary-Care, Research, Women’s Health 427 Title: Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University Full Journal Title: Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Cai, D., Li, G. and Ren, N. (2006), Kinetics and mechanisms of decolorization for Congo Red solution by adsorption on modified -MnO2. Journal of Natural Science of Heilongjiang University, 23 (5), 707-710. Abstract: The decolorization kinetics and mechanisms of adsorption of Congo Red removed from solution by -MnO2 were investigated. The oscillating frequency, solid load, temperature, pH and initial dye concentration were considered. The results indicated that the decolorization process obeys the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The activation energy for rate-controlled step is equal to 5.1 kJ mol-1. The rate-controlled step of decoloriza-tion is intraparticle pore diffusion. The high adsorption capacity and quick velocity makes modified -MnO2 a potential suitable sorbent for application. Keywords: Activation, Activation Energy, Adsorption, Adsorption Capacity, Application, Capacity, Concentration, Congo Red, Decolorization, Diffusion, Dye, Dye Waste Waler, Energy, Kinetics, Kinetics Model, Load, Mechanisms, Model, Modified, Modified -MnO2, pH, Pore Diffusion, Potential, Pseudo Second Order, Pseudo Second Order Kinetics, Pseudo-Second-Order, Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics, Solution, Sorbent, Temperature 428 Title: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Full Journal Title: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Astwazatukow, M. (1923), On the phylogenetic origin of deep reflexes. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 57 (6), 544-551. ? Thormar, S.B., Gersons, B.P.R., Juen, B., Marschang, A., Djakababa, M.N. and Olff, M. (2010), The mental health impact of volunteering in a disaster setting a review. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 198 (8), 529-538. Abstract: This article reviews the literature on mental health of volunteers after working in disasters. When mobilized they often are a community’s major source for rescue and recovery. PsychINFO, PUBMED, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles published until October 2009. of 448 articles screened, only 9 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria. They examined the aftermath of earthquakes (4 articles), terrorist bombings (1), explosions (1), aviation disasters (1), tsunami (1), and a bus accident (1). Findings showed that, compared with professional workers, volunteers tend to have higher complaint levels. The following factors were found to contribute to mental health complaints of volunteers: Identification with victims as a friend, severity of exposure to gruesome events during disaster work, anxiety sensitivity, and lack of postdisaster social support. The review reveals the need for more research regarding predictors of stress in volunteers. Keywords: Adverse Childhood Experiences, Anxiety, Coronary-Heart-Disease, Disaster, Emergency, Exposure, Handling Dead Bodies, Health, Impact, Literature, Mental Health, Natural Disaster, Police Officers, Posttraumatic-Stress-Disorder, Professional, Psychiatric-Disorders, Psychological, Psychological Consequences, Rescue Workers, Research, Review, Risk-Factors, Science, Social, Stress, Volunteer, Web of Science ? Souza, W.F., Figueira, I., Mendlowicz, M.V., Volchan, E., Portella, C.M., Mendonca-de-Souza, A.C.F. and Coutinho, E.S.F. (2011), Posttraumatic stress disorder in peacekeepers: A meta-analysis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 429 199 (5), 309-312. Abstract: A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among peacekeepers. A systematic review was carried out using MEDLINE, Institute for Scientific Information/Web of Science and Published International Literature on Traumatic Stress databases, leading to a total of 12 studies reporting PTSD estimates. Pooled current PTSD prevalence was 5.3%, ranging from 0.05% to 25.8%, and a metaregression was used to investigate the variables that could account for the lack of homogeneity. However, none of the extracted information was capable of explaining the heterogeneity of the estimates. Peacekeeping studies presented different methodologies such as several screening instruments and different times from the deployment to the moment of PTSD assessment. The wide difference found among those estimates highlights the importance of the creation of standards for PTSD evaluation among peacekeepers. Keywords: Assessment, Databases, Defense-Force, Disorder, Duty, Evaluation, Exposure, Health-Status, Information, Meta-Analysis, Military Personnel, Peacekeepers, Posttraumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Predictors, Prevalence, PTSD, Review, Science, Screening, Service, Soldiers, Standards, Stress, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review 430 Title: Journal of Neural Transmission Full Journal Title: Journal of Neural Transmission ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Lopez-Munoz, F., Lopez-Munoz, F., Garcia-Garcia, P., Quintero-Gutierrez, E.J. and Alamo, C. (2007), Evolution of ADHD scientific production: A bibliometric study. Journal of Neural Transmission, 114 (7), XCIX Full Text: 2007\J Neu Tra114, XCIX.pdf Keywords: ADHD, Bibliometric, Bibliometric Study, Production, Scientific Production ? Watis, L., Chen, S.H., Chua, H.C., Chong, S.A. and Sim, K. (2008), Glutamatergic abnormalities of the thalamus in schizophrenia: A systematic review. Journal of Neural Transmission, 115 (3), 493-511. Full Text: 2008\J Neu Tra115, 493.pdf Abstract: The thalamus, a key information processing centre in facilitating sensory discrimination and cognitive processes, has been implicated in schizophrenia due to the increasing evidence showing structural and functional thalamic abnormalities. Glutamatergic abnormalities, in particular, have been examined since glutamate is one of the main neurotransmitters found in the thalamus. We aimed to review the existing literature (1978 till 2007) on post-mortem and in vivo studies of the various components of glutamatergic neurotransmission as well as studies of the glutamate receptor genes within the thalamus in schizophrenia. The literature search was done using multiple databases including Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO host, PUBMED and ScienceDirect. Keywords used were “glutamate”, “thalamus”, “schizophrenia”, “abnormalities”, and “glutamatergic”. Further searches were made using the bibliographies in the main journals and related papers were obtained. The extant data suggest that abnormalities of the glutamate receptors as well as other molecules involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission (including glutamate transporters and associated proteins, N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated intracellular signaling proteins, and glutamatergic enzymes) are found within the thalamus in 431 schizophrenia. There is a pressing need for more rapid replication of findings from post mortem and genetic studies as well as the promotion of multi-component or multi-modality assessments of glutamatergic anomalies within the thalamus in order to allow a better appreciation of disruptions in these molecular networks in schizophrenia. These and future findings may represent potential novel targets for antipsychotic drugs to ameliorate the symptoms of schizophrenia. Keywords: Amino-Acid Transporter, AMPA, Databases, Discrimination, Drugs, Functional, Genetic, Glutamate Receptors, High-Dose Glycine, In Vivo, Information, Information Processing, Inorganic-Phosphate Transporter, Ionotropic, Journals, Kainate, Literature, Messenger-RNA Expression, Metabotropic, Molecular, Mutation Analysis, Neurotransmitter Transporters, NMDA, NMDA Receptor Subunit, NR1 Subunit, Papers, Promotion, Review, Schizophrenia, Science, Scopus, Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Subunit Gene GRIN1, Symptoms, Systematic, Systematic Review, Thalamus, Web of Science 432 Title: Journal of Neurochemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Neurochemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Gibson, C.L. and Murphy, S.P. (2010), Benefits of histone deacetylase inhibitors for acute brain injury: A systematic review of animal studies. Journal of Neurochemistry, 115 (4), 806-813. Abstract: P>Drugs that inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) activities have enormous potential as neuroprotective agents. We performed a systematic review of controlled animal studies that administered known inhibitors of the zinc-dependent HDACs before and/or after acute cerebral injury and assessed anatomic/functional outcomes. Relevant studies were found by searching PUBMED, EMBASE and Web of Science. From more than 100 identified publications, those data meeting specific criteria were analyzed using the Cochrane Review Manager software. A beneficial effect of administering HDAC inhibitors was seen in studies involving cerebral ischemia or non-ischemic models of acute cerebral injury. Specific studies assessed efficacy when drug was administered up to 14 days prior to, and 14 days following, the onset of cerebral injury. This systematic review provides objective evidence of a neuroprotective role for drugs that inhibit HDACs and highlights particular areas that require further experimental investigation. Keywords: Activities, Brain, CNS Injury, Cochrane, Drug, Drugs, Efficacy, Experimental Stroke, HDAC Inhibitor, Histone Deacetylase, Injury, Ischemia, Ischemic Brain, Mechanisms, Metaanalysis, Mouse, Nervous-System, Neuroprotection, Outcomes, Protects, Publications, Pubmed, Rat, Rats, Review, Science, Software, Systematic, Systematic Review, Valproic Acid, Web of Science 433 Title: Journal of Neurochemistry Full Journal Title: Journal of Neurochemistry ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Lajtha, A. and Tóth, J. (1962), Brain barrier system. 3. Efflux of intracerebrally administered amino acids from brain. Journal of Neurochemistry, 9 (MAR), 199-??. 434 Title: Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation Full Journal Title: Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation ISO Abbreviated Title: JCR Abbreviated Title: ISSN: Issues/Year: Journal Country/Territory: Language: Publisher: Publisher Address: Subject Categories: : Impact Factor ? Zijlstra, A., Mancini, M., Chiari, L. and Zijlstra, W. (2010), Biofeedback for training balance and mobility tasks in older populations: A systematic review. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 7, Article Number: 58. Full Text: 2010\J Neu Reh7, 58.pdf Abstract: Context: An effective application of biofeedback for interventions in older adults with balance and mobility disorders may be compromised due to co-morbidity. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of biofeedback-based training of b