Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Unit Summary In Unit 7, students culminate their year-long study of the United States by researching their own state. In doing so, they will synthesize their knowledge of the four social sciences they have studied throughout the year (geography, history, economics, and political science). Students will begin their study by learning about how to research state geography. They will then conduct a short research project to describe the geography of their state using multiple sources, including text, maps, charts, graphs, and the internet. Next, students will build upon their understanding of how and why we study history. They will use this information as the basis for constructing a timeline of their state’s history. Students will then review common economic activities found throughout the world. They will deep dive into one of the key economic activities in their state, following an inquiry research process. They will develop a department profile from their research. Scholars will then learn about and research different state departments using an inquiry process. They will develop a departmental profile for their assigned state department as well. At the end of the unit, students will revise and edit their written reports and publish their expository writing. The unit will culminate in a State Fair in which students choose a creative way to share their knowledge. In addition to continuing to develop their proficiency in Common Core literacy skills RI.3.7 and RI.3.2, students will also synthesize and compare knowledge from multiple texts (RI.3.9) as they complete their research projects. This unit builds on units students completed in Literature and Writing class to learn how to research, write reports, and present. Exploring their own state through the lenses of the social sciences will contribute to students’ understanding of the year-long essential question (“How do geography, culture, economics, government, and history interact to shape a diverse yet united country?”). Standards Social Studies Content Power Standards G.S.5 Select & Use Special Purpose Maps 3.3 Geographical Concepts 3.13 Your State’s Geography o Tools Geographers Use o Connecting Geography and History Aligned Common Core State Standards RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). 2 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State o Connecting Geography and Economics o The Geography of Your State 3.4 Historical Concepts 3.14 Your State’s History o The Settlement of a State o The Growth and Development of a State 3.5 Economic Concepts 3.15 Your State’s Economy o Workers in Your State o Types of Jobs in Our States 3.7 Civics Concepts 3.16 Your State’s Government o The Federal System o The Separation of Powers o The Importance of Leadership o Choosing Our Leaders o How Ideas Become Laws o The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship Performance Assessments 3rd Grade Full Year RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). W.3.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from print and digital sources; take brief notes on sources and sort evidence into provided categories. SL.3.4 Report on a topic or text, tell a story, or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details, speaking clearly at an understandable pace. 3 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Assessment Assessment Type and Description Formative Assessment Frequency: Daily Duration: Brief Description: Examples include Do Nows, oral responses during discussions, and exit tickets. Standards Assessed Social Studies Content Power Standards: 3.3 Geographical Concepts 3.4 Historical Concepts 3.5 Economic Concepts 3.7 Civics Concepts 3.13 Your State’s Geography 3.14 Your State’s History 3.15 Your State’s Economy 3.16 Your State’s Government Geography Skills: G.S.5 Select & Use Special Purpose Maps Processing Assessment Frequency: 4 times, once per chapter Duration: 1 class period Description: These assessments will measure both knowledge and skills. Students will respond to questions aligned to the scaffold essential questions of the unit. These assessments will not provide comprehensive data on every standard, but will give teachers some data on students’ Literacy Skills: RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). Chapter 14: Researching Your State’s Geography G.S.5 Select & Use Special Purpose Maps 3.3 Geographical Concepts 3.13 Your State’s Geography RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). 4 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State proficiency before the summative assessment. The processing assessments also serve to give students a chance to synthesize the content before completing the performance assessment or the unit assessment. 3rd Grade Full Year Chapter 15: Researching Your State’s History 3.4 Historical Concepts 3.14 Your State’s History RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. Chapter 16: Researching Your State’s Economy 3.5 Economic Concepts 3.15 Your State’s Economy RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. Research Project Frequency: Once per unit Duration: Multiple class periods across Social Studies, Writing, and Literature Description: Students will compile the writing they did in the unit’s four Processing Assessments and take this piece of writing through the writing process (revise, edit, and publish). They will also present their knowledge to the class by speaking in front of the class. They will also create and display a state float in a parade. Chapter 17: Researching Your State’s Government 3.16 Your State’s Government RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). Social Studies Power Standards: 3.3 Geographical Concepts 3.4 Historical Concepts 3.5 Economic Concepts 3.7 Civics Concepts 3.13 Your State’s Geography 3.14 Your State’s History 3.15 Your State’s Economy 3.16 Your State’s Government Geography Skills: G.S.5 Select & Use Special Purpose Maps Literacy Skills: 5 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State Unit Assessment Frequency: Once at the end of the unit Duration: 1 class period Description: Part 1 – Selected Response: Assesses content knowledge and map skills Part 2 – Constructed Response: Assesses content knowledge, map skills, and literacy skills 3rd Grade Full Year RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). W.3.2 Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas and information clearly. W.3.7 Conduct short research projects that build knowledge about a topic. W.3.8 Recall information from experiences or gather information from print and digital sources; take brief notes on sources and sort evidence into provided categories. SL.3.4 Report on a topic or text, tell a story, or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details, speaking clearly at an understandable pace. Social Studies Power Standards: 3.3 Geographical Concepts 3.4 Historical Concepts 3.5 Economic Concepts 3.7 Civics Concepts 3.13 Your State’s Geography 3.14 Your State’s History 3.15 Your State’s Economy 3.16 Your State’s Government Geography Skills: G.S.5 Select & Use Special Purpose Maps Literacy Skills: RI.3.2 Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea. RI.3.7 Use information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps, photographs) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text (e.g., where, when, why, and how key events occur). 6 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Enduring Understandings and Essential Questions Unit Essential Question: Given each of the social sciences, what factors make our state unique? Text Chapter 14 State Research Bundle Chapter 15 State Research Bundle Content Power Standard and Enduring Understandings G.S.5 Select & Use Special Purpose Maps 3.3 Geographical Concepts Geographers study both physical and human geography by using maps, charts, and graphs. They ask questions to guide their research before they begin organizing information and synthesizing. 3.13 Your State’s Geography Connecticut has a varied geography that includes farmland, hills, and beaches. Connecticut is border by New York, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts. The state is also on the Long Island Sound. Hartford is the capital, and New Haven, Bridgeport, Stamford, and Waterbury are other large cities in the state. The Connecticut River is the biggest river, but the Housatonic, the Naugatuck, and the Thames are also important. The climate is cold in the winter and warm in the summer. New York has many different kinds of landforms, including mountains, valleys, and plains. The Hudson River, the Atlantic Ocean, and Niagara Falls are important water features. Albany is the capital, and New York City is the largest city. Rochester, Buffalo, and Syracuse are also large cities. The climate varies across the state, but generally, the winters are cold and the summers are warm to hot. The north of the state is cooler overall than the south of the state. 3.4 Historical Concepts Historians use primary and secondary sources to learn about the past. Studying your state’s history involves learning about how the state was settled, its early history as the country was forming, and how the state has grown and developed over the years. 7 Scaffolded Essential Question How would a geographer describe our state? Which events in our state’s history have most influenced life in our state? Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State Chapter 16 State Research Bundle 3.14 Your State’s History Long before European settlers arrived, American Indians lived in Connecticut. Adriaen Block founded the first settlement, and then Puritans came to Connecticut. At first, the settlers and the American Indian traded with each other, but over time, their relationship become tense and eventually violent. Connecticut provided food, guns, and ammunition to soldiers in the American Revolution and the Civil War. Former slaves and immigrants moved to Connecticut. People survived the Great Depression and World War II. Connecticuters are known for their work ethic. Long before European settlers arrived, American Indians lived in New York. European explorers claimed parts of the land for their country, and settlers came over from the Netherlands. In the 1600s, England took control of one of the Dutch colonies called New Amsterdam. After the American Revolution, New York set up a state government. Governor Clinton began building the Erie Canal. This canal made it faster and cheaper to transport goods between the Midwest and the Northeast. New York provided weapons, uniforms, and food for Civil War soldiers. During World War I, many African Americans left the Northeast to find better jobs in the South. Today, New York is the third biggest state and full of immigrants. 3.5 Economic Concepts Economists study people’s wants and needs. Each state has its own economy, which is made up of the actions of people, businesses, and governments. People’s jobs can be in many types of industries, including agriculture, manufacturing, retail, government, and service. 3.15 Your State’s Economy Connecticut’s industries include agriculture, manufacturing, defense, mining, fishing, and services. Trees, flowers, dairy, and pears are some important products grown here. Connecticut has always been, and today, workers make sewing machines, motors, tools, knives, clocks, and locks. The defense industry is important, and workers 8 3rd Grade Full Year How would an economist describe our state? Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State Chapter 17 State Research Bundle 3rd Grade Full Year make helicopters and submarines. People mine stone, gravel, sand, and clay. Hotels, hospitals, insurance, and tourism are also important industries. New York’s industries include business, agriculture, natural resources, and services. The transportation network in New York supports these industries. Many businesses are headquartered in New York. The finance industry involves banking, loans, and stocks. New York City in particular is known for creative industries like fashion, publishing, advertising, and media. Insurance and real estate are also important. Health care and research are also important industries. New York is a large producer of apples and grapes in the country. Mining and fishing utilize the state’s natural resources. 3.7 Civics Concepts The federal system ensures that no government—federal or state— gains too much power. State and federal governments are divided into three branches, which makes sure no branch has too much power. Citizens elect their leaders to make decisions for the good of everyone. There is a process by which a bill becomes a law. 3.16 Your State’s Government The Connecticut state government is divided into different departments that each focus on a different topic. For example, the Connecticut Department of Transportation works to make sure Why is our state’s government set up in this way? people and goods are safe as they travel around the state. The Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Production (DEEP) and the Connecticut Department of Labor are two other departments. The Connecticut state government is divided into different departments that each focus on a different topic. For example, the Connecticut Department of Transportation works to make sure people and goods are safe as they travel around the state. The New York Department of Environmental Conversation and the New York Department of Labor are two other departments. 9 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Texts Required Student Texts Textbook Bundle (which combines the relevant excerpts from the following Social Studies Alive! lessons): o Lesson 14: Researching Your State’s Geography o Lesson 15: Researching Your State’s History o Lesson 16: Researching Your State’s Economy o Lesson 17: Researching Your State’s Government New York Bundle or Connecticut Bundle (which include supplementary resources specific to each state) – PDFs posted on Better Lesson Optional Student Texts New York Hello USA: New York by Amy Gelman Uniquely New York by Mark Stewart The New York Colony by Kevin Cunningham The New York Colony by Martin Hintz America the Beautiful: New York by Barbara Somervill America's Story: New York America's Story: Immigrant Life in New York America's Story: Montauk Point Lighthouse America's Story: Walking onto Ellis Island, New York The U.S. 50: New York History The U.S. 50: New York Historical Figures The U.S. 50: New York Symbols, Facts, and Info The U.S. 50: New York Tourism Connecticut Hello USA: Connecticut by Amy Gelman Uniquely Connecticut by Phyllis Goldstein From Sea to Shining Sea: Connecticut by Nancy Furstinger The Connecticut Colony by Muriel Dubois The Connecticut Colony by Kevin Cunningham America the Beautiful: Connecticut by Zachary Kent This Land Is Your Land: Connecticut by Ann Heinrichs America's Story: Connecticut America's Story: America's First Hamburger America's Story: Sing a Song to Win a War 10 Teacher Background Knowledge Texts Excerpt from Government Alive! Federalism: National, State, and Local Powers Excerpts from Nonfiction Matters by Stephanie Harvey – posted on Better Lesson Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State America's Story: Do You Have Sisu? The U.S. 50: Connecticut History The U.S. 50: Connecticut Historical Figures The U.S. 50: Connecticut Symbols, Facts, and Info The U.S. 50: Connecticut Tourism 11 3rd Grade Full Year Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Content and Skills Instruction Information This unit was designed using the Social Studies Alive! Lesson Guide as a starting point, but it diverges in key places. We use Social Studies Alive! to build key background knowledge around research within the social sciences. But we diverge when it comes to the research itself. The research projects suggested in the Social Studies Alive! resources are not authentic and rigorous enough for our scholars. Therefore, we have changed the end product scholars are seeking to create through their research in each of the social sciences. The following table illustrates the changes made to research projects: Social Sciences Geography History Economics Government The AF Research Project (DO THIS!) The Social Studies Alive! Research Project (NOT THIS) Write an expository piece that describes the geography of your state that uses multiple sources and includes text features Write an expository piece with a timeline to describe major events in your state’s history Write a profile of a key economic activity in your state Write a profile of one of the departments in your state’s government Create a game board of geographical features of your state Write about the history of one of your state’s famous buildings. Compare and contrast state and local economy Use a Venn diagram to compare and contrast community and state government The final project for Unit 7 has three parts: 1. Written: A State Report that is made up of polished versions of the unit’s four Processing Assessments. o In each Processing Assessment, students will write at least 1 page about a different social science. In the Processing Assessment, students (and teachers) should focus most on content accuracy. However, as students begin to compile and revise the Processing Assessments into a State Report, they should focus more on the writing itself. (This is the point in the unit when students will spend time in Writing Class revising, editing, and publishing their State Report.) 2. Oral: A presentation in which students select two social sciences and speak to how one influences the other (e.g., how geography influences economics, how history influenced economics). o The preparation and thinking for this presentation will be done in Social Studies class, but the rehearsal and presentations will happen during Literature class (as a reinforcement of Common Core speaking & listening skills). Some recommended pairings of social sciences (from least to most challenging): Geography and economics Geography and history History and economics Political science and history 12 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year 3. Performance Assessment: A state float parade in which every student designs and constructs a float to represent their state. o During Social Studies class, students will consider the ideas they want to express about their state and the best way to convey these ideas visually. Then students will construct their floats and showcase their knowledge in a school-wide parade. Three subjects—Social Studies, Literature, and Writing—will contribute to various pieces of the final projects: Social Studies: the content and concepts (delivered through reading and learning experiences), the drafting for the writing product through the Processing Assessments, the synthesis-level thinking that will contribute to the oral presentations, designing & building the state float Writing: revising, editing, and publishing the final paper Literature: developing, rehearsing, and delivering the final oral presentation 13 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State Interdisciplinary Connections This unit is the culminating unit for 3rd grade Social Studies. As shown in the chart below, this unit is meant to follow nonfiction research units in Literature (unit 8) and Writing class (unit 11) in which students have already experienced the full research process. As described above, there are 2 weeks built in during Writing class to support students in compiling, revising, and editing their Processing Assessments into a more cohesive piece. There is also a week built into Literature class so students can rehearse and deliver their oral presentations. This is a snapshot of the units of study across disciplines: 14 3rd Grade Full Year Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Lesson Types Lesson Type Preview Learning Experiences Description The Preview lesson introduces upcoming content. The goal is to ignite interest, activate prior knowledge, tap a wide range of learning modalities, and prepare students to tackle new concepts. The Preview is built around three essentials for frontloading a lesson: Connecting to Prior Knowledge, Developing Vocabulary, and Building Background Knowledge. At the heart of each TCI lesson is the learning experience that engages students in Social Studies content and concepts through hands-on learning experiences. These core activities apply TCI teaching strategies. In unit 7, students will engage in the following learning experiences: Writing for Understanding Writing for Understanding activities begin with a rich experience—such as viewing powerful images, roleplaying, discussing complex issues, or acting out key events—to write about. Students develop ideas and form opinions during the experience, before starting to write. The experience becomes a springboard for writing, challenging students to clarify ideas, organize information, and express what they have learned. At the end of each chapter is an additional short selection of text to illustrate the concepts taught. The Reading Further Reading Further selection is often a case study or vignette that serves to deepen student understanding and interest. Nonfiction literacy skills are highlighted in this lesson type. Processing Assessment Processing assessments are tasks that challenge students to synthesize the information in a chapter to demonstrate their understanding of it. The intent is to allow students to apply what they have learned actively so that you—and they—can assess their comprehension of content and concepts, as well as proficiency in literacy skills. 15 Time Allotment 0 days 3 - 4 days 0 days 1 day Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Aim Sequence Aims are integrated, meaning they reflect both the content students must acquire as well as the literacy skills students will use. The literacy skill is the means by which students access and acquire the content. The first half of each aim is the content students will learn in the lesson. The second half of each aim—grounded in the language of the Common Core State Standards—is the literacy skill students will use in the lesson. *All page numbers indicate the pages of the hard copy of the materials. Whenever possible, materials are included in each lesson plan. Key: SEI=Solutions for Effective Instruction, ISN=Interactive Student Notebook, LP=lesson plan Chapter 14: How would a geographer describe our state? Lesson Type Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Day Integrated Aim Aligned Instructional Resources Textbook Bundle sections 14.114.3 1 SWBAT describe the types of information that would interest a geographer researching their state by identifying key details in a text 2 SWBAT describe the geography of their state by identifying key details in a text State Research Bundle: Geography Book 3 SWBAT describe the geography of their state by using information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text State Research Bundle: Atlas 4 SWBAT describe the geography of their state by using information gained from illustrations (e.g., maps) and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text State Research Bundle: Tourism Brochure 16 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State Processing Assessment 5 3rd Grade Full Year Task: Imagine you are a geographer. Describe your state’s geography. Be sure to: Describe at least two cities, at least two land features, at least two water features, and at least two landmarks in your state Include and label at least four images, including one city, one land feature, one water feature, and one landmark in your state Details from multiple sources we studied in class Titles and headings in each section Ch 14 Processing Assessment (AF-created) Chapter 15: Which events in our state’s history have influenced life in our state? Lesson Type Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Processing Assessment Day Integrated Aim Aligned Instructional Resources Textbook Bundle sections 15.115.5 6 SWBAT describe how we study the past by determining the main idea of a text 7 SWBAT create a timeline of the history of their state’s settlement history by identifying key details in a text State Research Bundle: History Textbook (first half) 8 SWBAT create a timeline of the history of their state’s growth and development by identifying key details in a text State Research Bundle: History Textbook (second half) 9 Task: Imagine you are a historian. Create a timeline of your state’s history. Be sure to: Include and describe at least five events Include an accurate, labeled image for each of the five events Order the events from earlier to later and label them with the year each occurred Explain why each event was important in your state’s history Ch 15 Processing Assessment (AF-created) Then summarize all the events on the timeline with accurate, detailed information. 17 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Chapter 16: How would an economist describe our state? Lesson Type Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Processing Assessment Day Integrated Aim Aligned Instructional Resources Textbook Bundle sections 16.116.3 10 SWBAT describe the types of information that would interest an economist researching their state by identifying key details in a text 11 SWBAT describe an important industry in their state by identifying key details in a text Textbook Bundle section 16.4 State Research Bundle: State Economy Overview (first half) 12 SWBAT describe a second important industry in their state by identifying key details in a text State Research Bundle: State Economy Overview (second half) 13 SWBAT describe how one career helps their state’s economy by determining the main idea of a text State Research Bundle: Job Descriptions 14 Task: Imagine you are an economist. Describe one important industry in your state. Be sure to: Include accurate information from your research, both about the industry and at least one relevant job Explain how this industry helps your state Include an accurate, labeled image related to the industry Ch 16 Processing Assessment (AF-created) 18 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Chapter 17: Why is our state’s government set up this way? Lesson Type Day Integrated Aim Aligned Instructional Resources Textbook Bundle sections 17.117.3 Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding 15 SWBAT describe the federal system and the separation of powers by determining the main idea of a text 16 SWBAT describe the leadership in our government by determining the main idea of a text Textbook Bundle sections 17.417.5 17 SWBAT explain how ideas become laws by using information gained from an experiential exercise and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text Learning Experience: Writing for Understanding Processing Assessment 18 SWBAT write and answer at least 3 research questions about a department of their state’s government by identifying key details in a text 19 Task: Give Geography Quiz. Unit Assessment 20 Textbook Bundle section 17.6 Information Master Visual Placards A-G State Research Bundle: State Government Departments Geography Quiz Ch 17 Processing Assessment (AF-created) Imagine you are a political scientist. Describe your state’s government. Be sure to: Summarize how the state government is set up Explain why the government is set up this way Describe one department in the state government Explain how this department helps the people of the state Include an accurate, labeled image related to the department n/a 19 Unit 7 Assessment Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Final Project Lesson Type Day Oral Presentation 21 Performance Assessment Performance Assessment Performance Assessment Performance Assessment 22 23 24 25 Integrated Aim Aligned Instructional Resources SWBAT determine how one social science influences another social science by using information from illustrations and the words in a text to demonstrate understanding of the text [RI.3.7] SWBAT design their state float by recalling information from experiences or gathering information from print and digital sources [W.3.8] SWBAT construct their state float by recalling information from experiences or gathering information from print and digital sources [W.3.8] SWBAT construct their state float by recalling information from experiences or gathering information from print and digital sources [W.3.8] SWBAT present their state float by reporting on a topic or text, telling a story, or recounting an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details, speaking clearly at an understandable pace [SL.3.4] Vocabulary Word or phrase Physical geography Definition Features of land, water, and sky Human geography Human-made features of a place Demographics The facts you can study about a certain group of people, such as their ages, genders, or jobs Geographical inquiry process Primary source A five-step process that helps answer geographic questions Secondary source A source created by someone who has not seen or taken part in the events described A source created by someone who has seen or taken part in the events described 20 Unit 7 Overview: Research Your State 3rd Grade Full Year Goods Objects such as food, clothing, and cars Services Things we pay others to do for us Scarcity The idea that the things and resources people want and need are limited Factors of production Taxes The resources, including land, capital, and workers, used to create a good or service Federal government State government Our national government that deals with problems that affect the entire country Citizen A person who by law has a right to live in a community Local government City, town, and county governments created to meet local needs System of checks and balances Republic A system set up in the U.S. Constitution to allow each branch of government ways to limit the power of the other two branches Legislator A member of the branch of government that makes laws Bill A proposal for a new law State constitution A written statement of a plan for a state government The money that people and businesses pay to the government to support its functions The government of an individual state that deals with problems that affect that state A type of government in which people choose leaders to act for them 21