Conceptual Integrated Science
Chapter 9 The Atom
OPEN BOOK / NOTES ASSIGNMENT
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) How many different elements are in a water molecule?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) none of the above
HONORS AG INTEGRATED
SCIENCE…USING YOUR NOTES
AND BOOK FOR CHAPTER 9
THE ATOM, ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING 45 QUESTIONS.
2) There are about as many atoms of air in our lungs at any moment as there are breaths of air
in the atmosphere of
A) a large auditorium.
B) a large city.
C) the United States.
D) the whole world.
E) none of the above
3) Atoms heavier than hydrogen were made by
A) photosynthesis.
B) nuclear fusion.
C) radiant energy conversion.
D) radioactivity.
E) none of the above
4) If we doubled the magnifying power of the most powerful optical microscope in the world,
we would
A) be able to see individual atoms.
B) be able to photograph individual atoms, even though we couldn't see them.
C) still not be able to see an atom.
5) Which of these statements is true?
A) A molecule is the smallest particle that exists.
B) Chemical elements are made up of about 100 distinct molecules.
C) Molecules form atoms that in turn determine chemical properties of a substance.
D) Molecules are the smallest subdivision of matter that still retain chemical properties of
a substance.
E) None of the above statements are true.
6) Which of the following statements is true?
A) An atom is the smallest particle known to exist.
B) There are only about 100 different kinds of atoms that combine to form all substances.
C) There are thousands of different kinds of atoms that account for a wide variety of
substances.
D) Atoms are so small that there is no way we can photograph them.
E) None of the above statements are true.
7) What makes an element distinct?
A) the number of protons
B) the number of neutrons
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C) the number of electrons
D) the total mass of all the particles
E) none of the above
8)
Which is the smallest particle listed below?
A) a molecule
B) an atom
C) a proton
D) a neutron
E) a quark
9) A molecule has
A) mass.
B) structure.
C) energy.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
10) Solid matter is mostly empty space. The reason solids don't fall through one another is
because
A) atoms are constantly vibrating, even at absolute zero.
B) of nuclear forces.
C) of gravitational forces.
D) of electrical forces.
E) none of the above
11) Which of these forces determines the chemical properties of an atom?
A) friction force
B) nuclear force
C) gravitational force
D) electrical force
E) none of the above
12)
The air in this room has
A) mass.
B) weight.
C) energy.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
13) Assuming all the atoms exhaled by Julius Caesar in his last dying breath are still in the
atmosphere, then we probably breathe one of those atoms with each
A) single breath.
B) day.
C) month.
D) ten years.
E) It depends, some people still breathe a few of Caesar's atoms every day, while others
wouldn't breathe one for an entire year.
14)
Nuclei of atoms that make up a newborn baby were made in
A) the mother's womb.
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B)
C)
D)
E)
the food the mother eats before giving birth.
ancient stars.
the earth.
none of the above
16) Compared to the atoms that make up the body of an elderly person, the atoms that make up
the body of a newborn baby are
A) newer.
B) actually older.
C) the same age
15)
In a closed bottle are a certain number of hydrogen molecules. In an identical closed bottle at
the same temperature and internal pressure are a certain number of nitrogen molecules. The
bottle with the greater number of molecules is the one containing
A) hydrogen.
B) nitrogen.
C) both the same
16) Which of the following are electrically neutral?
A) proton
B) neutron
C) electron
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
17) In an electrically neutral atom, the number of protons in the
nucleus is balanced by an equal number of
A) neutrons.
B) quarks.
C) orbital electrons.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
18) Which has the greatest number of protons in its nucleus?
A) gold
B) mercury
C) lead
D) silver
19) The weight of matter comes mostly from its
A) protons.
B) electrons.
20) The volume of matter comes mostly from its
A) protons.
B) electrons.
21) The chemical properties of matter come mostly from its
A) protons.
B) electrons.
22) Compared to the mass of a hydrogen atom, the mass of an oxygen atom is
3
A)
B)
C)
D)
8 times greater.
12 times greater.
16 times greater.
appreciably more than 16 times greater.
23) What is the total number of protons and neutrons in a water molecule?
A) 10
B) 12
C) 15
D) 18
E) none of the above
24) If two protons are removed from an oxygen nucleus, the result is
A) nitrogen.
B) carbon.
C) helium.
D) neon.
E) none of the above
25) To change mercury into gold, a pair of protons must be
A) removed from the mercury nucleus.
B) added to the mercury nucleus.
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
26) If two protons are added to an oxygen nucleus, the result is
A) heavy oxygen.
B) fluorine.
C) neon.
D) sodium.
E) nitrogen.
27) If a pair of helium nuclei is fused together, the result is
A) heavy helium.
B) lithium.
C) beryllium.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
28) If one neutron is added to a helium nucleus, the result is
A) hydrogen.
B) boron.
C) lithium.
D) beryllium. Or E) Helium
29) Which of these atoms has the greater number of electrons? A. helium B. carbon C. iron D. gold
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30) Which of the following diagrams best represents the size of the atomic nucleus relative to the
size of the atom?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A
B
C
D
31) If two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom, a nucleus
of which element remains?
A) nitrogen-12
B) carbon-12
C) neon-18
D) carbon-14
32)
If an atom has 43 electrons, 56 neutrons, and 43 protons, what is its approximate atomic
mass? What is the name of this element?
A) atomic mass, 137 amu; barium
B) atomic mass, 99 amu; technetium
C) atomic mass, 99 amu; radon
D) atomic mass 142 amu; einsteinium
33) The nucleus of an electrically neutral iron atom contains 26 protons. How many electrons
does this iron atom have?
A) 52 B) 26 C) 24 D) None
34) The element bromine, Br (atomic number 35), has two major isotopes of similar abundance,
both around 50 percent. The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as
79.904 atomic mass units. Choose the most likely set of mass numbers for these two bromine
isotopes:
A) Br-80, Br-81
B) Br-79, Br-80
C) Br-79, Br-81
D) Br-78, Br-80
35) Which of these atoms has the most mass?
A) hydrogen
B) iron
C) lead
D) uranium
E) All have the same mass.
36) Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second element in the periodic table. Rather than
being placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium is placed on the far right of the table
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because
A)
B)
C)
D)
37)
38)
hydrogen and helium repel one another.
the sizes of their atoms are vastly different.
they come from different sources.
helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.
Strontium, Sr (atomic number 38), is especially dangerous to humans because it tends to
accumulate in calcium-dependent bone marrow tissues (calcium, Ca, atomic number 20).
This fact relates to the organization of the periodic table in that strontium and calcium are
both
A) metals.
B) in group 2 of the periodic table.
C) made of relatively large atoms.
D) soluble in water.
Why are the atomic masses listed in the periodic table not whole numbers?
A) Scientists have yet to make the precise measurements.
B) That would be too much of a coincidence.
C) The atomic masses are average atomic masses.
D) Today's instruments are able to measure the atomic masses to many decimal places.
39) An electron in a 7s orbital has more energy than one in a 1s orbital because
A) it is surrounded by more electrons.
B) it is farther from the nucleus.
C) its principle quantum number is higher.
D) It actually has less energy because of inner-shell shielding.
40) How many electrons are in the outermost shell of strontium (Sr, atomic number 38)?
A) 2 B. 28 C. 8 D. 4
41) How many electrons are in the outermost shell of phosphorus (P, atomic number 15)?
A) 5 B. 15 c. 3 D. 8
42) How many electrons are unpaired in the outermost shell of sulfur (S, atomic number 16)?
A) 8 B4 C. 16 D. 2
43) How many electrons are unpaired in the outermost shell of aluminum (Al, atomic number
13)?
A) 2 B) 5 C)3 D) none of these are correct
44) How is it possible that as atoms get more massive they become larger in size?
A) The atomic nucleus becomes larger because it has more subatomic particles.
B) The more massive atoms have a greater number of shells.
C) This is not generally the case with atoms.
D) More mass means more neutrons, which dilute the nuclear charge.
45) As atoms get more massive they become smaller in size because
A) more massive atoms have a greater number of atomic shells.
B) more mass means more protons, which act to pull electrons in closer to the nucleus.
C) their mass becomes more concentrated. D) But they don’t
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