Name: ___________________________________________ Class Period: ______________ 8 th Grade Science
Vocabulary & Concepts: Earth & Earth Quakes
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2. Continental Crust __________________________________________________
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3. Oceanic Crust___________________________________________________________________
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4. Mantle _______________________________________________________________________
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5. Core__________________________________________________________________________
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6. Physical Layers of Earth____________________________________________________________
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7. Lithosphere_____________________________________________________________________
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8. Asthenosphere__________________________________________________________________
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9. Mesosphere____________________________________________________________________
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10. Tectonic Plates __________________________________________________________________
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11. Seismic Waves__________________________________________________________________
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12. Westward Movement_____________________________________________________________
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13. Plate Tectonics Theory____________________________________________________________
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14. Continental Drift_________________________________________________________________
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15. Pangaea_______________________________________________________________________
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16. Sea Floor Spreading______________________________________________________________
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1. Composition of Earth
17. Convergent Boundary_____________________________________________________________
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18. Subduction_____________________________________________________________________
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19. Divergent Boundary______________________________________________________________
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20. Transform boundary______________________________________________________________
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21. Ridge Push_____________________________________________________________________
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22. Convection Currents______________________________________________________________
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23. Slab Pull_______________________________________________________________________
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24. Plate Motion___________________________________________________________________
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25. Deformation ___________________________________________________________________
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26. Compression___________________________________________________________________
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27. Tension________________________________________________________________________
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28. Folding________________________________________________________________________
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29. Normal Fault___________________________________________________________________
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30. Reverse Fault___________________________________________________________________
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31. Strike-Slip Fault__________________________________________________________________
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32. Folded Mountain________________________________________________________________
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33. Fault Block Mt___________________________________________________________________
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34. Volcanic Mt_____________________________________________________________________
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35. Uplift_________________________________________________________________________
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36. Subsidence_____________________________________________________________________
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37. Seismology_____________________________________________________________________
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38. Elastic Deformation_______________________________________________________________
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39. Plastic Deformation_______________________________________________________________
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40. Earthquake Zones________________________________________________________________
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41. Seismic Waves__________________________________________________________________
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42. Pressure Waves__________________________________________________________________
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43. Shear/Secondary Wave____________________________________________________________
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44. Surface Wave___________________________________________________________________
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45. Seismograph___________________________________________________________________
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46. Epicenter______________________________________________________________________
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47. Focus_________________________________________________________________________
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48. Richter Scale___________________________________________________________________
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49. Greatest Quake Risk in US_________________________________________________________
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50. New Madrid___________________________________________________________________
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Name: ___________________________________________ Class Period: ______________ 8 th Grade Science
Vocabulary: Earth & Earth Quakes
1. Composition of Earth 3 layers, based upon chemical composition
2. Continental Crust
layer less dense, outermost layer, O, Si, Al
3. Oceanic Crust
layer more dense, thinner, twice the Fe, also Ca, Mg
4. Mantle
layer between crust/core, pushes to surface, more Mg, also Al, Si
5. Core
below mantle, mostly Fe & Ni, 1/3 of mass, outer/liquid, inner/solid
6. Physical Layers of Earth 5, based on stress from temp & pressure differences
7. Lithosphere
solid outer layer of crust & upper mantle, divided into tectonic plates
8. Asthenosphere viscous, soft layer of mantle where plates move (solid rock that moves slowly)
9. Mesosphere
viscous lower part of mantle between athen. & outer core, extends to core
10. Tectonic Plates pieces of lithosphere floating on asthenosphere
11. Seismic Waves vibrations from earthquake, speed depends on density & composition/solid faster
12. Westward Movement NA American plates slowly moving west
13. Plate Tectonics Theory lithosphere split into plates on asthenosphere, density change causes mvmt
14. Continental Drift
Alfred Wegner, 1900’s, movement of Earth’s plates
15. Pangaea continents one continent 245 MYBP, split 180 MYBP agn, proof: fossils/rocks/ancient climate
16. Sea Floor Spreading new oceanic lithosphere form, mid ocean ridge volc, proof: magnetic reversal
17. Convergent Boundary collision of 2 plates, continental form mountains
18. Subduction
convergent plates, one moves under other
19. Divergent Boundary
plates move away from each other, magma fills gap
20. Transform boundary
plates slide horizontally, irregular edges grind as they slide
21. Ridge Push
oceanic lithosphere subducts under continental lithosphere
22. Convection Currents less dense warm rock rises, cool more dense rock falls
23. Slab Pull dense oceanic lithosphere denser so sinks into asthenosphere & pulls plate under
24. Plate Motion caused by density changes in asthenosphere
25. Deformation shape of rock changes due to stress
26. Compression
squeeze from convergent boundary, forms large mountains
27. Tension divergent boundary, stretches earth, mid oceanic ridges
28. Folding all rock starts horizontal, then might bend from stress
29. Normal Fault
rocks pulled apart because of tension from stress
30. Reverse Fault
rocks pushed together by compression from stress
31. Strike-Slip Fault rocks moved horizontally by opposite stress forces, San Andreas Fault
32. Folded Mountain
highest mt ranges, convergent, Appalachian Mts, Alps
33. Fault Block Mt
blocks of crust drop, jagged peaks in sed. Rock, Grand Tetons
34. Volcanic Mt
convergent oceanic crust subducts, Ring of Fire
35. Uplift
rising of crust bc weight is removed from crust, not always mountains
36. Subsidence
sinking of crust, density changes are rock heat/cools or bc plates pull apart
37. Seismology
the study of earthquakes
38. Elastic Deformation
deformation by stretching
39. Plastic Deformation
deformation by bending, not always an earthquake
40. Earthquake Zones
most near edges of tectonic plates, at faults near or below surface
41. Seismic Waves
waves of energy traveling through Earth’s interior, travel 3 ways
42. Pressure Waves
fastest when through solid matter, body or p wave,
43. Shear/Secondary Wave through solids as rock springs back, body, s wave
44. Surface Wave
across upper crust as surface moves up and down
45. Seismograph instrument that records ground vibration to determine location/strength of quake
46. Epicenter
point on surface, directly above earthquake starting point
47. Focus
point inside Earth where quake begins
48. Richter Scale
Charles Richter, 1935, way to compare earthquake strength, not just damage
49. Greatest Quake Risk in US along southern Alaska, Hawaii & California coastline, but in most states
50. New Madrid
seismic zone 1811-1812, several of largest earthquakes to strike continental US
51. ELASTIC REBOUND!! cause of earthquakes, sudden return of elastically deformed rock, energy release
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