Phase shift facilitation following cyclone disturbance on coral reefs
George Roff1, Christopher Doropoulos1,2, Mirta Zupan1,2, Alice Rogers1,3, Robert S Steneck4,
Yimnang Golbuu2, Peter J Mumby1,3
1
Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia,
Qld 4072, Australia.
2
Palau International Coral Reef Center, Koror, Palau
3
Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, College of Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4
4PS, UK.
4
Darling Marine Center, School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573,
USA
1
Figure S1 Schematics of tiles used in caging experiments. Tiles were moulded using a mix of fine
beach sand and cement at a 2:1. Black circle in the center of the tile is where the tile was mounted
above the substrate on a stainless steel rod.
2
Table S1 Benthic cover among sites for all time periods. Categories include coral (scleractinian coral), corallines (crustose coralline algae, articulated
corallines, non-crustose coralline algae), Liagora, Lobophora, other macroalgae (grouped category including low percent cover of various macroalgal
genera including Halimeda, Ralfsia, Peyssonnelia and Dictyota), cyanobacteria, other invertebrates (soft corals, ascidians, sponges), turf algae and
substrate (rubble, carbonate and sand).
Year
Month
Site
Coral
Corallines
Liagora
Lobophora
Other
macroalgae
Cyanobacteria
Other
invertebrates
Turf
Substrate
2012
March
Lighthouse North
77.0 ± 4.3
18.7 ± 3.6
0
0
0
0
0.5 ± 0.3
3.8 ± 1.6
0
2012
March
Ngederrak South
68.4 ± 5.7
15.9 ± 5.7
0
0
2.3 ± 1.5
0
3.1 ± 1.1
10.3 ± 0.9
0
2012
March
Ngederrak North
63.8 ± 2.0
12.1 ± 2.9
0
0
0.4 ± 0.4
0
7.8 ± 1.7
15.9 ± 1.6
0
2012
March
Lukes
57.5 ± 2.7
27.4 ± 3.7
0
0
0
0
4.4 ± 2.1
10.7 ± 4.2
0
2012
March
East Sheltered
46.0 ± 6.2
25.0 ± 4.2
0
0
0.3 ± 0.3
0
7.4 ± 2.3
21.2 ± 2.6
0
2012
March
Short Drop Off
30.8 ± 2.4
15.9 ± 4.0
0
0
0
0
20.6 ± 4.0
32.8 ± 5.6
0
Year
Month
Site
Coral
Corallines
Liagora
Lobophora
Cyanobacteria
Substrate
February
Lighthouse North
0
0.2 ± 0.2
22.1 ± 9.0
0
0.3 ± 0.2
Other
invertebrates
0
Turf
2013
Other
macroalgae
0.5 ± 0.3
4.2 ± 2.5
72.6 ± 15.5
2013
February
Ngederrak South
0
0
38.6 ± 2.4
0
0
0.2 ± 0.2
0
0
61.2 ± 2.6
2013
February
Ngederrak North
0
0
7.4 ± 4.1
0
0.4 ± 0.2
0.3 ± 0.2
0
1.3 ± 0.6
90.6 ± 3.2
2013
February
Beluu Lukes
0
0.2 ± 0.2
0
0
2.9 ± 1.9
0.8 ± 0.2
0
3.6 ±1.0
92.4 ± 0.4
2013
February
East Sheltered
73.6 ± 4.1
15.2 ± 2.8
0
0
4.0 ± 1.2
0
0
1.1 ± 3.2
5.1 ± 1.1
2013
February
Short Drop Off
15.1 ± 2.1
17.8 ± 1.1
0
0
0.2 ± 0.2
0
0
22.0 ± 3.7
44.9 ± 2.1
2013
April
Lighthouse North
0
4.1 ± 1.7
8.3 ± 2.1
10.9 ± 3.8
0.4 ± 0.3
0
0
49.6 ± 6.8
26.7 ± 12.1
2013
April
Ngederrak South
0
1.4 ± 0.5
4.5 ± 2.6
6.2 ± 3.6
0
0
0
15.8 ± 0.9
72.1 ± 5.7
2013
April
Ngederrak North
0
3.2 ± 1.3
0.3 ± 0.3
3.9 ± 1.6
2.4 ± 0.9
0.2 ± 0.2
0
19.9 ± 2.9
70.1 ± 0.9
2013
September
Lighthouse North
1.9 ± 0.9
15.6 ± 1.9
0
25.0 ± 2.2
0.9 ± 0.9
1.3 ± 0.9
0
16.1 ± 6.3
39.2 ± 4.9
2013
September
Ngederrak South
15.3 ± 4.8
6.3 ± 1.3
0
11.0 ± 4.5
2.7 ± 0.8
1.1 ± 1.1
0.4 ± 0.4
35.8 ± 5.4
27.4 ± 5.3
2013
September
Ngederrak North
7.8 ± 4.3
9.9 ± 2.7
0
9.2 ± 2.4
3.9 ± 0.2
0.3 ± 0.2
0
56.1 ± 7.8
12.8 ± 2.2
2013
October
Lighthouse North
4.6 ± 2.9
14.7 ± 1.4
0
18.1 ± 5.7
2.6 ± 0.7
0.7 ± 0.4
0
41.8 ± 9.8
17.4 ± 4.4
2013
October
Ngederrak South
13.1 ± 2.9
5.9 ± 2.9
0
17.0 ± 3.5
3.8 ± 1.6
0
0.2 ± 0.2
50.6 ± 7.7
9.3 ± 8.1
2013
October
Ngederrak North
2.9 ± 0.9
4.6 ± 1.9
0
8.5 ± 0.8
2.3 ± 0.4
0.1 ± 0.1
0.7 ± 0.6
72.2 ± 6.3
8.7 ± 4.8
3
Cyanobacteria
41.6 ± 5.8
Other
macroalgae
2.5 ± 2.0
0
28.4 ± 11.0
4.8 ± 3.2
0
5.2 ± 2.8
26.5 ± 10.9
65.2 ± 1.2
0
18.5 ± 5.8
Lighthouse North
October
October
Year
Month
Site
Coral
Corallines
Liagora
Lobophora
Turf
Substrate
2.9 ± 1.5
Other
invertebrates
0.1 ± 0.1
2014
April
Lighthouse North
0.4 ± 0.4
8.0 ± 2.6
0
32.2 ± 1.7
12.4 ± 5.0
2014
April
Ngederrak South
12.3 ± 6.5
6.1 ± 3.0
4.6 ± 2.0
11.3 ± 10.3
0.2 ± 0.2
26.3 ± 8.0
10.9 ± 6.7
2014
April
Ngederrak North
9.8 ± 1.8
12.3 ± 2.6
1.6 ± 0.9
6.3 ± 2.2
0.4 ± 0.2
55.7 ± 6.8
9.2 ± 1.8
2014
April
Lukes
2014
April
East Sheltered
0
0
0.8 ± 0.5
2.3 ± 1.3
1.8 ± 1.1
31.8 ± 13.7
31.7 ± 27.6
0
0
9.7 ± 2.9
0.1 ± 0,1
0.7 ± 0.5
2.0 ± 1.4
22.4 ± 3
2014
April
Short Drop Off
11.6 ± 6.0
0
0
1.0 ± 1.0
0
19.3 ± 7.0
8.3 ± 4.8
41.5 ± 7.9
2014
October
2.3 ± 0.7
9.1 ± 4.4
0
36.7 ± 7.0
1.7 ± 0.4
2.1 ± 0.5
1.3 ± 0.7
36.7 ± 1.0
10.1 ± 5.1
2014
Ngederrak South
15.5 ± 9.2
6.6 ± 2.8
0
27.4 ± 6.8
5.1 ± 1.9
2.9 ± 2.6
0.7 ± 0.4
35.2 ± 7.8
6.5 ± 1.2
2014
Ngederrak North
15.3 ± 9.6
9.6 ± 3.5
0
22.5 ± 6.7
2.0 ± 0.4
0
0.8 ± 0.4
40.9 ± 11.5
8.8 ± 4.5
4