MUNICIPAL EXCELLENCE NETWORK PRACTICE COLLECTION FORM General Information Date February 7, 2016 Name of Practice Wood Biomass Heat & Sustainable and Renewable Wood Energy Project Name of Municipality Camrose County Your Name and Title Al Radke, BSBA, CLGM Assistant County Administrator Phone Number 780-672-4446 Fax Number 780-672-1008 E-mail for Practice Contact(s) aradke@county.camrose.ab.ca Mailing Address 3755 - 43 Avenue Camrose, AB T4V 3S8 INTRODUCTION When completing this form, use your own words and share your practice in a story format. Please do not include any derogatory comments. Use paragraphs and bullet points to organize your practice. This is not a business case but instead is intended to be informative for your peers, showing them the processes and outcomes of your practice. Be sure to focus on what you learned so that it is helpful to the reader. Click on the grey boxes to type in your answers. The boxes will expand as you type. THE ISSUE Question Abstract: What is the practice you developed or are developing (brief abstract)? Please briefly describe the final practice developed. (e.g. if you developed a new Council agenda, list the agenda items, or if a new communications plan was created, provide a summary of the plan’s goals, objectives and highlights.) Answer Camrose County Council elected to be a responsible leader in being more conscious and proactive about the environment and in particular, energy. To illustrate this, in 2008 the Council committed to develop a value added cycle or chain of sustainable heating energy. The interest and enthusiasm of Council extends their desire to put the existing commitment of sustainability into practice, by demonstrating the economic, environmental and social benefits of an innovative renewable energy project that combines a Wood Biomass Heating System with the feedstock from a Short Rotation Coppice Willow Plantation. Camrose County is committed to reduce climate change gas emissions and is keen to put renewable energy into action at the County Office Complex and heating the public facility from entirely renewable, locally sourced energy feedstock. County Council chose a sustainable system for the County Office Complex that would consist of the acquisition of a wood biomass boiler constructed with European technology to generate heat for the Complex and the creation of a renewable fuel source from a willow tree plantation to provide the ongoing wood chips fuel to be used as the energy source for the wood biomass boiler. The Camrose County Office Complex represents an ideal opportunity for the integration of renewable biomass energy into a municipal building. It also demonstrates the potential for alternative sewage lagoon discharge and usefull application while at the same time achieving an ongoing cycle of sustainability. The wood biomasss boiler is pretty matter of fact; use wood to burn and create energy to heat water to circulate throughout the building as the heating medium. The willow tree plantation is quite straight forward too; grow trees to be produced into wood chips and then burned for the energy. But there are other benefits as well. Need: As we all know and realize, there are limitations that Alberta Environment imposes on municiplalities when they discharge treated wastewater effluent from their sewage lagoons. Camrose County intends to be able to produce irrefutable evidence and research materials leading to an alternative method for the discharge and constructive use of treated wastewater effluent. Camrose County desired to be a steward Please describe (just a couple of sentences or bullet points) why you needed to create this practice (policy or process). What issue made it necessary? (e.g. “We needed a comprehensive plan to deal with…”, or “We needed an annual forecasting tool because…”) of the environment. Camrose County wanted to be progressive and proactive. Camrose County chose to divert its heat energy needs in favour of wood biomass so that fossil fuels could be conserved and better allocated to other applications. Camrose County viewed this as a conservation and investment in fossil fuel. Camrose County wished to have more control and influence over their heating fuel needs and make it more predictable. Camrose County wanted to have other wastewater options available to itself and other Alberta municipalities. The issue of municipal sustainability lead Camrose County down this path. CREATING YOUR PRACTICE Research: How did you obtain information to help design your practice (including consultation with stakeholders, formal and informal research)? Please include any research documentation you can share, or give us a source reference (e.g. Web site, literature, “We reviewed the bylaws from other municipalities in the area…”). Camrose County enlisted assistance from Alberta Agriculture and Rural Devlopment, KALWA Biogenics Inc., and Natural Resources Canada - Canadian Forest Service - Canadian Wood Fibre Centre (NRCan). NRCan also brought on board the University of Alberta. Camrose County made a reconaissance of a private industry utilizing the same heating technology but using waste wood by-product materials as their fuel source. Camrose County researched European applications. Process: How did you go about designing your practice? For instance, did you create a team, hire a consultant, borrow something ready-made from another jurisdiction? Describe briefly who did the design work and what process they followed. Camrose County also visited another NRCan research willow plantation site in Alberta to gain a first hand appreciation of the goals and objectives. Camrose County hired KALWA Biogenics Inc. to design the wood biomass boiler system, size and capacity. The County furnished them with historical natural gas consumption data, building dimensions, heating systems etc.. From there they designed a heating system that would accomodate optimum sizing and capture the benefits of both base-load sizing and peak-load sizing for heating value purposes. • Base load: where the biomass system provides only the annual continuous heat load required for the site. • Peak load: where the site’s entire heat load requirements are provided by the biomass system. • Optimum sizing: where a balance between the above two approaches is utilized. The County Office Complex wood biomass system has been designed to accommodate 69% of the peak load demand which in turn is equivalent to 96% of the annual heat demand. This sizing allows the biomass system to run at a relatively high level of utilization and displace a significant amount of heat load that would otherwise be delivered by natural gas. In this situation the additional loads, which the biomass plant does not meet (such as instantaneous demand, peak heating requirements or start up from cold), are met by the existing natural gas system. In essence, the natural gas is only called upon to meet extreme peak loads or act as a stand-by. In order to successfully achieve the conversion of the existing heating system to the biomass fuelled renewable energy alternative, along with the highest possible economical and environmental impact, the heat source has to be state of the art; fully automated biomass boiler system. With computer controls and a laser eye that measures the amount of fuel in the metering bin, the system automatically turns the augers and conveyors on and off as needed to maintain the amount of wood fuel to sustain the boiler’s pressure and thus, the temperature demand of the thermostat. As opposed to the massive biomass combustion systems used in the forest industry which can create up to 20 MW of capacity, the Camrose system is a miniaturized version targeted to generate kW 150. Camrose County selected European technology due to their experience and history in this field. Canada is very young in biomass technology development whereas the Europeans are well versed having over 30 years of practical experience. This is directly attributed to the high cost of oil and natural gas in Europe and the necessity, not the fancy, to research and implement alternative energy sources. The biomassto-energy field in Europe is very active to this day and now is in large measure due to the European Union’s interest in carbon dioxide mitigation. To achieve the objectives that Council desired, it was important that the biomass system include maintaining an efficient, stable combustion process while supplying the desired boiler heat input with low emissions. Efficient Combustion: produce efficient combustion with low carbon monoxide and low unburned carbon. Stable Combustion: produce stable and consistent combustion to maintain consistent design parameters and boiler performance. Low Emissions: produce low carbon monoxide, low unburned carbon and low nitrogen oxides. The Camrose County system has to provide the highest possible level of operational automation in fuel feeding components, combustion process, ash removal and emission control; including: Fully automated combustion control (sensor modulated mixture of combustion air, re-circulated flue gases and fuel) Automated fuel in-feed. Automated ash removal. Considering the Short Coppice Willow Plantation as fuel for the feedstock, the system is designed to combust wood chips with moisture content in the vicinity of 3035%. However, the system efficiency can be increased with moisture contents of less than 30%. The boiler itself will burn wood chip fuel at a 92% efficiency rate, thus leaving little ash to be worried about. Camrose County also entered into a partnership with NRCan. They established a short rotation coppice willow plantation utilizing some of the newest willow varieties developed at the State University of New York (SUNY) willow breeding program. These clones have been selected because they exhibit growth characteristics suited to the soils and climate of our area. Specifically, they are tolerant of sodium that could be an issue in varying degrees depending on our respective site. The site the County has selected is located adjacent to the Hamlet of Ohaton sewage lagoon. It is 17.45 acres or 7.06 hectares in land area. The philosophy is that the willow plantation will undergo a 23 year rotational harvest with a 20-25 year crop lifespan. Coppicing techniques will be practiced in managing the growth and harvest of this eventual wood chip fuel. The reason for selecting willows are: Is a fast growing woody crop which can be readily grown successfully in northern latitudes. It can tolerate very high density plantings (+15,000 stems/ha) to maximize volume production (6-10 oven dried tonnes per hectare per year) on short rotations (35 years). The plants will produce high volumes of biomass. Because of the coppicing, the plants will always be in a juvenile growth phase. Willows have the highest capacity to convert solar radiation to chemical energy. They are easily propagated and easily established. Willows re-sprout vigorously and are fast growing after each harvest. They have a high potential for genetic improvement and many (450) species are found worldwide. They can produce an extensive root system. They have a long growing season. Willows have a good ability to take up nutrients with minimal leaching losses. They posess a high evaporation rate. They have a wonderful ability to accumulate target pollutants. Camrose County is not reinventing the wheel. We are just adapting it to and testing it in the Canadian context. All of the establishment technology and equipment has already been developed and refined in Sweden, the United Kingdom and other locations in the world. Conversion technologies are operational and commercialized in other places in the world as well. GETTING APPROVAL FOR YOUR PRACTICE Authority: Whose/what approval did you need to create and implement the practice? Reporting: How did you inform the decision-maker(s) about the practice and your need for their approval? Please note the name of any documents provided to the decision-makers that you would be willing to share. Camrose County needed to acquire an ammendment to its sewage lagoon discharge approvals from Alberta Environment. The County was approved to use treated wastewater effluent for the irrigation of the willow plantation. The treated wastewater effluent is going to be used to feed the willow trees their water and nutrient requirements. Camrose County also required County Council approval to forge ahead on this creative and innovative renewable and sustanable energy value added cycle or chain system. This initiative was basically driven by County Council. Administration's role and tasks were relatively easy; source reputable contacts in the field to provide the expertise, examples, practical and theory aspects, leading edge technology as well as the knowledge and confidence to be successful. Consultation: Did you consult with stakeholders as part of your approval process? If so, how? If possible, attach a copy of templates, surveys or other documents you used as part of your consultation. Camrose County needed to acquire additional lands near their lagoon. So, very few of the public were consulted in this regard. Only those logically and practically able to potentially assist were contacted. Camrose County also hired a summer student in 2009. Their role and responsibility was to research all of the technical and science information that we had been given, collected or gathered on the initiative and transpose it into street English. They were also to investigate potential sources of wood biomass wood chips for the short-term. They developed website materials for an awareness campaign and became the County's unofficial spokesperson on the topic that year. The summer student delivered PowerPoint presentations to County Council, Chamber of Commerce, regional municipal meetings, service clubs, County Open Houses and other interested parties. The efforts of the summer student were further enhanced by periodically updating the materials and presenting them on an ongoing basis for future engagements and awareness. KALWA Biogenics Inc. and NRCan were also instrumental in being available for presentations. The other factor is that Camrose County seemingly appeared to be the pioneer in the area of coralling energy through a wood biomass boiler in a public building. Other municipalities were venturing into willow tree plantations but nobody had gone the extra mile of providing heat energy from them. We had a lot of interest from others but really nobody to be mentored by or seek guidance from. IMPLEMENTING YOUR PRACTICE Plan: Describe the process you went through to implement the practice. If you used an implementation plan, please note it here. Design the appropriate boiler system and capacity. Order from Europe. Research and ensure sufficient temporary wood chip fuel source. Develop wood chip fuel inventory storage container. Construct wood chip fuel loading equipment for inventory storage. Convert heating system to boiler. Commission heating system. Plant willow tree plantation. Construct treated wastewater effluent irrigation system. Coppice trees after second year growth. Determine harvesting rotation cycle. Policy: What changes to bylaws, regulations or procedures were needed to implement this practice and how did you deal with them? Harvest trees, dry out, chip and utilize for burning fuel. No changes were required. Camrose County had to meet current City of Camrose building codes and policies. Please attach a copy of the change in bylaw, policy or procedure. When: When did your municipality begin to use the practice? Was it implemented all at once or in stages? Camrose County fired up and commissioned the wood biomass boiler system on March 10, 2011. The ongoing fuel supply from the willow tree plantation will take a few years yet to reach crop harvesting maturity. In the meantime Camrose County will rely on its own resources and divert yard maintenance waste from the landfill or acquire wood chips from other known sources. Who: Who was responsible for implementing the practice? If someone else is responsible for ongoing management, who is it? RESOURCES REQUIRED Budget: How much did it cost you to design and implement your practice (i.e. We saved/spent $XX per year)? The sub-contractor, Fink Machine Inc., out of Armstrong B.C. implemented and commissioned the boiler. In-house staff ensure the ongoing maintenance and operations of the boiler system. Camrose County hired KALWA Biogenics at a cost of $40,000 to perform and conduct all engineering and design specifications. What are your ongoing operational and capital costs, if any? Camrose County hired the summer student at $20,000 to perform necessary research and investigation and then eventually prepare all of the original materials. These were placed on the County website and/or made available for public presentations, to which the summer student was the presenter. There was no cost involved in partnering with NRCan or the University of Alberta. Their interests and rewards lie solely in the reasearch data that they intend to collect. Camrose County will supply power but the design and configuration of the plantation, irrigation system and research test wells were all constructed by NRCan and the University of Alberta. Staff: What human resources did you need to design, implement and manage your practice? (e.g. “It took X staff member(s) X months on this” or “This is part of normal staff duties.”) Annual cost for wood chip fuel will be approximately $9,625 or less. Conversely, when this project was being evaluated for its feasability and viability, a historic fouryear annual average of natural gas consumption expenses from 2005 to 2008 was conducted and the results were $18,475. So, Camrose County anticipates to experience at least a 50% savings in annual heating fuel costs. This was not a single or proprietary initiative. One staff member basically fielded the progress and coordinated this through the various consultants and partners. It was not full time as there were other duties and initiatives also on the agenda throughout the same timeframe for the same individual. The initiative began in its infant stages in 2008 and did not conclude until 2011. Infrastructure: What “capital costs” (such as information technology,other equipment or building assets) did you need to design, implement, manage, and/or evaluate your practice? The infrastructure to construct this initiative cost $160,000 for the wood biomass boiler and the wood chip fuel inventory silo cost $22,000. Other incidentals include: building permit $1,200, survey $3,000, concrete base pad $12,000, electrical $4,000 and plumbing $24,000. The wood chip fuel inventory loading system cost $1,800 and the wood chipper $16,500. The plantation itself has not cost the County anything. With the NRCan partnership, they have sourced Alberta Innovates Bio Solutions funding to install the plantation and NRCan provided the expertise and human resources to accomplish it. Camrose County stepped up to expand its sewage lagoon lands by purchasing additional property at a cost of $104,760. A portion of these lands is where the plantation is situated. Some ongoing incidental power is the only other hard cost facing the County at the plantation site. EVALUATING YOUR PRACTICE Formal: If you did a formal evaluation (e.g. user satisfaction survey, analysis of annual expenditures or number of rate payers served) for your practice, please describe the evaluation tool and the process used. Tell us who was involved. Camrose County evaluated historical annual natural gas heating fuel data and compared that to projected wood biomass fuel costs. This will be the County's ongoing benchmark and yardstick. In the willow plantation, Camrose County, through NRCan and the University of Alberta, hope to discover what clones of willows are best adapted to our climate zone, soil composition and what the effects of uptake are on them when fed treated wastewater effluent for water and nutrients. The County also expects to observe what effects there are on the soils and sub-surface water systems. Through Phytoremediation, Phytoextraction, Phytodegradation, Rhizofiltration and Phytostabilization a number of results expect to be obtained. Some these include: • Fate of nutrients in soils • Application rate and frequency • Amounts of heavy metals in soils and uptake by plants • Impacts to ground and surface waters • Growth rates and amount of biomass produced • Clonal and species differences • Effects and costs of application methods • Socio-Economic impacts of treatments Informal: If you did an informal evaluation, describe what you did (such as discussing the practice with people in the office or on the street, or letters/comments received). Performance measures: Please list the performance measures for this practice (i.e. reduced number of complaints, money saved, or change in equipment life expectancy.) Please list the process you used for measuring performance, (i.e. We do annual surveys on…) examples include: collecting data establishing a baseline applying the measures results follow up Camrose County held audiences with Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, KALWA Biogenics Inc. and NRCan at Council meetings. Formal presentations on the conceptual practice and benefits were evaluated by Council. This information was also disseminated among staff and critical departments for their support. The performance and payback will be realized in ongoing predictability of our own fuel source costs. This will be done by ascertaining hard dollar savings of using wood chips as fuel versus former natural gas fuel costs. Camrose County has a historical data reference from which to compare costs. We are now tracking all input costs for producing wood chips and we will analyze these going forward against historical data. Camrose County will also evaluate the annual harvest of the willows. Watching annual growth rates and observing the maturation will be focal. Once the plantation is fully established, the County will determine how many tonnes can be produced and if any additional tree growth is required to support the annual fuel needs. Additional supplies will be accomodated through landfill diversion, growing additional stock or outsourcing from local farmers or other commercial enterprises. Changes: (a) Based on the evaluation (formal or informal), describe any changes you have made, or would like to make, to your practice as a result. (e.g. “After implementing this practice, we decided that it would be better if…”) -or(b) Has your practice met your expectations and if so, how? LESSONS LEARNED / BENEFITS RECEIVED Benefits: What are the benefits of this practice to your municipality? (eg. Preparation of Council agenda packages now requires less time, etc.) Camrose County is pleased with the initial results of the practice. It is currently meeting expectations. From a conservation perspective we have already allowed our former needs for natrual gas to be re-allocated to other useful means. We anticpate ongoing savings and benefits to rise to the surface such as cost savings, social impacts, economic factors and enviornmental enhancements as well as municipal sustainability achievements. Benefits are first and foremest utilizing a renewable energy. Camrose County is passing up its former natural gas useage and in its place replacing it with a renewable resource readily available within the jurisdiction. We are also demonstrating an alternative use or means of sewage lagoon discharge. We hope that this will pay enormous dividends to all municipalities across the province. It will hopefully provide for another alternative for discharging treated wastewater effluent. As time progresses, the County hopes to see this practice turn into a commercial benefit for local area farmers as well. There is great potential for an alternative crop. This kind of crop is not intended for sub-grade soils or for unuseable lands; it is a bonafide cash crop. For the time being though, converting to wood biomass energy has enabled the County to be self sustaining and also be able to stabilize and predict their cost of heating. From an environmental aspect, some of the benefits can be summed up thusly. The conversion of existing fossil fuel fired heating systems to wood biomass can have a significant environmental impact. The emissions from wood-fired boilers are different than emissions from natural gas, propane or oil. In terms of health impacts from wood combustion, Particulate Matter (PM) is the air pollutant of greatest concern. Particulates are pieces of solid and liquid matter (or very fine droplets), ranging in size from visible to invisible. Relatively small PM, ten micrometers or less in diameter, is called PM10 and is equal to 1/7th the diameter of a single human hair. Small PM is of greater concern for human health than larger PM, since small particles remain air-born for longer distances and can be inhaled deep within the lungs. Modern wood systems are clean burning and efficient and should not be confused with residential wood stoves in the amount of pollutants emitted. Unlike home woodstoves, there are virtually no visible emissions or odors associated with biomass systems. Although biomass energy systems utilize combustion and do produce carbon dioxide emissions in producing heat, these emissions are considered “carbon dioxide neutral.” The carbon dioxide in these emissions is not considered to increase the amount of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) in the atmosphere because the carbon dioxide was removed from the atmosphere by plants within the very recent past as part of the natural global carbon cycle. Also, if not used for energy generation, the biomass would have decayed, thus emitting an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. In contrast, coal and other fossil fuels contain carbon that has been “locked-up” for millions of years. Therefore, when fossil fuels are used to generate heat or power, carbon dioxide that has been locked away and otherwise would not have been emitted is added to the atmosphere. Thus, the use of biomass as an energy source reduces the amount of “fossil” carbon dioxide that is emitted to the atmosphere by displacing fossil fuels. The existing natural gas heating system emits GHG at a factor of 0.179 tCO2/MWh at 100% load. At a full load heat delivery (850 MWh input for 467 MWh heating delivered at a 55% seasonal efficiency) the GHG emission adds up to 152 tCO2 annually. The GHG emission factor for the calculated waste wood mix in comparison is 0.006 tCO2/MWh. Based on the calculated peak heat load of 99.6%, the fuel input of 583 MWh results in a GHG emission of 4 tCO2. The annual GHG emission reduction of the proposed system is 148 tCO2, which put into perspective is equivalent to about 30 cars or light trucks not being used! There are also positive impacts to the environment that will be directly associated with the willow plantation. A number of them can be summarized as: Floral and faunal diversity Rich habitat Cultivation and pesticide intensity Ecosystem stability Good foraging and breeding habitat for a diversity of birds Can provide a bridge between isolated natural woodlots across the agricultural land base Phytoremediation Phytoextraction Phytodegradation Rhizofiltration Phytostabilization Winter harvesting assures minimal soil compaction Addition of organic fertilizers like sewage sludge and animal manure provides adequate nutrients over the rotation of the crop Little depletion of soil nutrients from frequent and repeated harvesting From a social perspective, delivered from this project is the message from the local municipal government that it is progressive and forward thinking. This endeavor increases environmental awareness locally and displays what ingenuitive thinking can accomplish. It also proves physically how alternative energy forms can accomplish the requirements of heating a public facility and what potential lies out there for expansion, both public and private. It demonstrates a proactive approach, visible to the public, to a predicted need and assists in kick starting local biomass development. The opportunity is there to provide a unique education resource for all members of the community, County, City, Village or Town; who are interested in sustainable and environmentally friendly systems. The wood fuel demands offer a potential for an alternative crop option for area farmers. The market could possibly be for this system or any other system identified and developed in the future. As well, it offers the added value of potential retention of rural youth for diversified employment in the local economy. Key Lessons: What key lessons have you/your municipality learned through the process of: designing; obtaining approval; implementing; and evaluating your practice? Include any problems, surprises, and unanticipated benefits. (e.g. “We realized that we needed to spend more time…”) And, economically speaking, this initiative will give control over the County’s own heating fuel market and should lead to stable pricing. It reduces heating costs against natural gas and insulates against future price increases of fossil fuels. There is an aesthetic value which lends well to land reclamation and alternative agricultural land uses. The upkeep and harvest can promote local employment and low labor cost inputs. In the long run a demonstration of sustainable economic development, now and in the future. As well, the most rewarding of all is a payback both monetarily and environmentally. Camrose County has experienced that it is difficult being the sole pioneer in a territory that is foreign. Europeans may have the upper hand in design and logistics and it is not always easy to adapt them to our conditions. There is a huge gap between green and economical energy and the traditional use of natural gas in our province. There is considerable hesitation and skepticism in the practicality of such a venture. So, forging ahead has had its philosophical, technical and practical challenges to say the least. Advice to Municipal Peers: What advice would you give to another municipality that is considering adopting your practice? Is there anything you might have done differently? PRACTICE UPDATES New Information: There may be some new information to add since this practice was first posted. This is especially true if: a new process has been implemented in your municipality; there are new practice evaluation results; or there has been a change affecting organizational direction. For example, explain how new economic conditions or a new vision/strategy affect the practice. Please indicate those changes here. Don't forget to list any new documents that may be useful to your peers. Then go to "Other Information" to attach the new documents. OTHER INFORMATION Suggestions: Please list relevant information sources that others might use or you would be willing to share (courses, Web sites, literature, experts). Documents & Attachments: Please list any documents you would be willing to share with others interested in your practice (e.g. a bylaw, a policy, approval documents, templates). * Note: Most documents can be electronically attached to your practice in the MEnet database. If only a paper version of your document is available, Many have said we are going backwards, back in time. To the days of wood stoves and coal furnaces; back to the days of our grandparents and great grandparents. Yet others have totally applauded our initiative and embraced us for it. The County is being direct and proactive; talking the talk but also walking the walk. Camrose County has experienced most, if not all, obstacles, challenges and difficulties in being a leader in this area of practice. The largest piece of advice would be to consult with Camrose County and gain the inside scoop on the pitfalls and hazards to avoid. please send it with your completed Practice Collection Form. We will scan it and attach it. Nominations: Do you have any suggestions of other individuals or municipalities with municipal practices that we should add to the Municipal Excellence network? Please list their practice, municipality, and contact information. Or, e-mail menet@gov.ab.ca and let us know about a municipal colleague that has a really good way of doing things. COMMENTS Have we missed something; anything you’d like to add to the areas we have touched on, or an area we have not mentioned? Thank you for your contribution to the Municipal Excellence network. Please return this form as soon as you are able.