Chapter 18
1. Using Figure 18.5 or a similar drawing by you, label each of the straight black arrows with one word
representing the name of the process that is occurring.
2. Use Figures 18.6 & 18.7 to compare & contrast the lytic & lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages.
3. Use Figure 18.10 to explain how a retrovirus like HIV reproduces.
4. Compare & contrast viroids & prions.
5. Describe the 3 ways genetic recombination can occur in bacteria.
6. Use Figure 18.21 & 18.22 to explain a repressible & an inducible operon, respectively.
7. How does cAMP regulate gene activity (Figure 18.23)?
Chapter 20
1. The restriction enzyme, HindIII recognizes the sequence 5’-AAGCTT-3’, cutting between the two
A’s. Draw the double-stranded sequence before and after the enzyme cuts. What type of bonds are
being cleaved by the restriction enzyme?
2. One strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence: 5’-CCTTGACGATCGTTACCG-3’. Draw the other
strand. The restriction enzyme PvuI recognizes the sequence 5’-CGATCG-3’. Will this enzyme cut
this DNA molecule? If so then plese indicate where.
3. Use Figure 20.4 to describe in detail how to clone a human gene in a bacterial plasmid.
4. Use Figure 20.5 to describe in detail how to screen a library for a sequence of interest.
5. Use Figure 20.7 to describe in detail how to amplify DNA by using PCR.
6. Describe the role of complementary base pairing during Southern blotting, DNA sequencing, northern
blotting, RT-PCR, and microarray analysis.
7. Describe how some of the biotechniques we have studied can be used to diagnose diseases.
8. Describe how scientists can bioengineer viruses to deliver proper genes to tissues that have mutated
genes.
9. Describe how plants are bioengineered?
10. Describe some of the concerns regarding safety and ethics with bioengineering.
11. The following is a single strand of DNA. Find all potential “6-base cutter” restriction sites that
would exist in the actual double stranded DNA molecule.
5’-TAGAATTCGACGGGATCCGGGGGGCATGCAGATCA-3’
12. A bacterial plasmid is 100 kb in length. The plasmid DNA was digested to completion with two
restriction enzymes in three separate treatments: EcoRI, HaeIII, and EcoRI + HaeIII (double
digest). The fragments were then separated with electrophoresis, as shown.
a.
Using the circle provided, construct a labeled diagram of the restriction map of the plasmid.
Explain how you developed your map.
b. Describe how:
i. Recombinant DNA technology could be used to insert a gene of interest into a
bacterium
ii. Recombinant bacteria could be identified
iii. Expression of the gene of interest could be ensured
c. Discuss how a specific genetically modified organism might provide a benefit for humans and
at the same time pose a threat to a population or ecosystem.
13. Many human genes contain introns. Since bacteria cannot excise introns from mRNA, explain how
bacteria can be used to make large quantities of a human protein.
14. A pregnant 30-yr-old woman learns her father has Parkinson’s disease. There is no history of the
disease in her husband. A genetic test that can detect the disease is used on her father, husband,
fetus, & on her. Autoradiographic results after Southern blotting are shown below.
Father
___
Husband
___
Woman
___
Fetus
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
Will the woman develop the disease? Explain.
Will the child develop the disease? Explain.
___
Chapter 21
1. Using Figure 21.10, what would happen if a mutation in the myoD gene resulted in a MyoD protein that
could not activate the myoD gene?
2. As you learned in Chapter 12, mitosis gives rise to two daughter cells that are genetically identical to
the parent cell. Yet you, the product of many mitotic cell divisions, are not composed of identical
cells. Why?
3. In Figure 47.25 (Chapter 47), the transplanted dorsal lip caused the recipient tissue to become
something else it otherwise would not have become. What does this indicate?
4. In Figure 21.11b, the lower cells are synthesizing signaling molecules, where as the upper cells are
expressing receptors for those molecules. In terms of gene regulation, explain how these cells came
to synthesize different molecules.
5. The DNA sequences called homeoboxes, which help homeotic genes in animals direct development, are
common to flies, mice and humans. Given this similarity, explain why these animals are so different
from each other?
6. C. elegans is a model organism for studying apoptosis in the development of animals. Explain the
importance of apoptosis in the development of multicellular organisms.