University of Salahaddin
College of Science
Department of Chemistry
Course Book
Analytical Chemistry for Second Stage
M.Sc. in Chemistry
Ph.D. in Chemistry
Academic Year: 2013-2014
Lecturer Dr. Diyar Salahuddin Ali
E-mail: diyar@kurdchemists.org
Office hours: Wednesday 9:30 am – 11:30 am
Wednesday 10:30 am – 12:30 am
Tuesday
8:30 am – 10:30 am Group II
Tuesday
10:30 am –12:30 am Group I
Sunday 8:30 – 5:30 Practical
Monday 8:30 – 5:30 Practical
Course Objective First Semester
The following objectives should be achieved by the student during first course. All of the
objectives are preceded by the phrase, "The student should be able to:"
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Introduction to Analytical Chemistry as general.
Analytical Chemistry Classification
Simple information about Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative Analysis
Gravimetric Methods of Analysis
Types of Gravimetric Methods
Precipitation Gravimetry
Mechanism of Precipitate Formation
Chemical formula for precipitate and the calculations in the
quantitative gravimetric analysis
10. Factors which affected of the solubility precipitate
11. Common ion Effect….
12. Ionic Strength Effect……
13. Activity and activity coefficient……
14. pH effect……
15. Mechanism for Precipitation
16. Factors Affecting Particle Size
17. Techniques to minimize
Q_S
S
18. Controlling Precipitation
19. Gravimetric Overview
First course covered all gravimetric analysis, the purpose for that for takes the gravimetric
analysis in the first semester as continues for Sample Analysis, as we know all sample
analysis begin with knowing which is include? (Qualitative), then we must try to calculate it
(Quantitative) after that we must try to separate between them, finally if we can't do that by
chemical method we changed to Instrumental Analysis.
Course Objective Second Semester
The following objectives should be achieved by the student during second course. All of
the objectives are preceded by the phrase, "The student should be able to:"
1. History of Statistical Chemistry
2. Terminology of Statistical Chemistry
3. Subsection of the analytical approach to problem solving
4. Classifying Analytical Techniques
5. The Assessment of Analytical Data
6. Gaussian distribution
7. The Mean, Median and Mode
8. Deviation
9. Selecting an Analytical Method
10. Numerical Criteria for Selecting an Analytical Method
11. Precision
12. Methods for expressing precision
13. Absolute methods for expressing precision
14. Relative methods for expressing precision
15. Significant Figures in Mean and Standard Deviation
16. The Nature and Origin of Errors
17. Calibration
18. Standardization of Analytical Methods
19. Calibration Curve
20. Sample Preparation
21. Standard addition
22. Sensitivity
23. Sensitivity
24. Reproducibility
25. Limit of quantification
26. Limits of Detection
Grading
The students are required to do at least two closed exam at the mid of eachsemester
besides other assignments and each student must prepare fullreport at the end of the
year. All exams have 20 marks, full report has 2 marks, the classroom activities count
2 marks and 1 mark for attendance. So that the final gradewill be based upon the
following criteria:
Mid- semester exam: 20%
Classroom participation and assignments 5%
Practical Course 15%
Final Exam: 60% which include 40% for theoretical and 20% for practical.
Course Material
Required books for the first semester:
1- Analytical Chemistry by Gary D. Christain, 5th edition
2- Chemical Separation principles, Techniques and
Experiments by Clifton E. Meloan
3- Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry by Douglas A.
Skoog
4- Quantitative Chemical Analysis by Kolthofe- Sanell
5- Analytical Chemistry Principles by John H. Kennedy
6- Modern Analytical Chemistry by David Harvey
Required books for the second semester:
1. Analytical Chemistry, Theoretical and Metrological
Fundamentals K. Danzer
2. Principles and Practice of Analytical Chemistry, F.W.
Fifield
3. Validation and Qualification in Analytical Laboratories,
Ludwig Huber
Course Program (Gravimetric Analysis)
Week 1:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Curriculum of Analytical Chemistry for Second Stage Chemistry
How students download all lectures from the IKCS website
Meaning of Analytical Chemistry
Classification of Analytical Chemistry
Types of Analysis
Electrolytes, acids and bases
Week 2:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Quantitative Analysis
Chemical Methods
Gravimetric Methods of Analysis
Types of Gravimetric Analysis
Terms and Examples
Week 3:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Types of Gravimetric Analysis (Explanation)
Precipitation Gravimetry
Important Attributes for Precipitation Gravimetric
Solubility Considerations
Avoiding Impurities
Week 4:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mechanism of Precipitate Formation
Induction Period
Sample Classification
Conditions Required for Prepare any Sample to Gravimetric Analysis
Precipitate and weighing form properties which are used in Quantitative
gravimetric analysis
6. The advantageous and disadvantageous for organic and inorganic
precipitant.
Week 5:
1. Chemical formula for precipitate and the calculations in the quantitative
gravimetric analysis
2. Examples
Week 6:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Factors which affected of the solubility precipitate
Common Ion Effect….
Example for Common Ion Effect
Ionic Strength Effect
Week 7:
First Examination
Week 8:
1. Examples of Ionic Strength Effect
2. Activity and activity coefficient……
3. Examples Activity and activity coefficient……
Week 9:
1. pH Effect
2. Examples of pH Effect
Week 10:
1. Mechanism for Precipitation
2. Factors Affecting Particle Size
3. Techniques to minimize
Week 11:
Second Examination
Week 12:
1. Induction Period
2. Example
Week 13:
Gravimetric Theory for Precipitation
Week 14:
1. Conditions need for Analytical Precipitation
2. Gravimetric Overview
Week 15:
Factors which affecting on the Precipitation Process
Course Program (Statistical Chemistry)
Week 1:
1. History of Statistical Chemistry
2. Terminology
3. Example
Week 2:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Subsection of the analytical approach to problem solving
Classifying Analytical Techniques
Analytical Techniques
The Assessment of Analytical Data
Week 3:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Definitions and Basic Concepts
Gaussian Distribution
Mean
Median
Mode
Deviation
Exercise
Week 4:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Selecting an Analytical Method
Numerical Criteria for Selecting an Analytical Method
Precision
Methods for expressing precision
Absolute Method for Precision
Relative Methods for Precision
Absolute Standard deviation
Week 5:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Normal Distribution
Relative Standard Deviation
Coefficient of Variation
Variance
Spread
Standard Deviation of the Mean
Week 6:
1. The Nature and Origin of Errors
2. Types of Error
3. Determinate Error
Week 7:
Third Examination
Week 8:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Determinate of method errors
Indeterminate Error
Accuracy and Trueness
Accuracy Calculations
Model of Error
Week 9:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Probability of Obtaining a Specific Measured Value
Frequency of Measuring Specific Values
Accuracy, Precision, Resolution
Quantifying Accuracy, Precision, Resolution
Precision versus Accuracy
Week 10:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Calibration
Standardization of Analytical Methods
Calibration Curve
Typical Calibration Curve
Calibration Process
Characteristics
Objective
Summary of Process
Week 11:
Final Examination
Week 12:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Obtain Calibration Curve
Sample Preparation
Standardization of Analytical Methods
Standard Addition
Week 13:
1. Sensitivity
2. Calibration Sensitivity
3. Analytical Sensitivity
Week 14:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reproducibility
Detection Limit
Signal Detection Limit
Concentration Detection Limit
Limit of quantification
Selectivity
Week 15:
Examples and solving steps by steps