NSE – Level 3: Verbs
1. present tense
-compound verbs ending in -ducir, -poner, -tener, -traer, -venir
*Verbs that end in –ducir, follow the same pattern as –cer verbs in the
present tense (see below). The other verbs follow the same
patterns as ‘poner’, ‘tener’, traer’, and ‘venir’.
Go to Wordreference.com and look for three examples of each. [You
can find them by typing in an example (like: conducir,
proponer, mantener, extraer, and convener), then click the
conjugate button, and you should see a list of similar verbs on
the left]
-verbs ending in –cer
* When the letter before the ‘cer’ is a vowel, add a ‘z’ before the ‘c’ in
the ‘yo’ form. Examples: conocer, parecer, aparecer, merecer,
establecer, obedecer
* When the letter before the ‘cer’ is a consonant, replace the ‘c’ with ‘z’.
Examples: coercer, convencer, ejercer
Define each of these words and write the ‘yo’ and ‘tú’ forms of each.
2. preterit
-verbs with a special meaning in the preterit
(querer, saber, conocer, poder, tener)
Look them up and write their alternative, preterite tense meanings.
(http://www.colby.edu/~bknelson/SLC/preterite.php is a good
resource, with practice exercises.)
3. preterit vs. imperfect
Two options:
A. Find explanations and practice in a textbook (Avancemos, p. 68 or
one of the AP grammar review books) or online (I recommend
colby.edu and studyspanish.com)
B. See me (or a classmate) for a graphic organizer and explanation.
4. future tense (Avancemos 3, p. 157)
-formation of irregular verbs
Remind yourself of the future tense endings.
If it helps, remember the first letters of the irregulars HD/ TVPS / HPQS
Write three sentences using irregular future tense verbs.
5. conditional tense (Avancemos 3, p. 303)
-formation of regular verbs and irregular verbs (notice the similarities to
future tense)
-basic uses (‘would’ in English)
Take notes, then write three sentences. (¿Qué harías con $1,000,000?,
¿A dónde irías con un barco?, ¿A quién llamarías con un teléfono
mágico que podría llamarle a cualquiera persona viva o muerta?...)
6. past participle (Review the basic concept on Avancemos 2, p. 202)
-formation of past participles whose stem ends in a vowel (you have to add
an accent mark)
Look for examples online, write at least three down.
-formation of irregular past participles (These are the ‘ho’s and ‘to’s. They
can be found on p. 337 of Avancemos 3).
*Past participles may be used as adjectives (agreeing in number and
gender with the nouns they modify), or as part of the
compound ‘perfect tenses’ (see below).
Write three sentences, using past participles as adjectives. (Ejemplo: La
puerta está abierta.)
7. past perfect
* A compound tense that uses the auxiliary verb ‘haber’ (conjugated in
imperfect tense) with a past participle.
(In English: ‘had’ + past participle. Example: I had seen the movie before
it came out on Netfix.)
Había
Habías
Había
Haber
Habíamos
Habían
Past Participle
-ado
-ido
-‘ho’s or ‘to’s
8. future progressive tense
* progressive tenses tell us what is happening (present), what was happening
(past) and what will be happening (future).
* They are formed with an auxiliary verb and the present participle (-ing
word, in English; -ando/-iendo word in Spanish)
* In Spanish the most common auxiliary verb for progressive tenses is ‘estar’
* For future progressive tense, conjugate the auxiliary verb in the future
tense and follow with the present participle.
Conjugate ‘estar’ in the future tense.
Translate these sentences to Spanish, and create two more original sentences
in future progressive.
A. I will be studying tomorrow night.
B. They will be celebrating after they win the game.
C. She will be reading the novel all day.
D. ___________________________________________
E. _____________________________________________
9. conditional progressive
* See above for a basic understanding of progressive tenses.
* To form conditional progressive, use the conditional form of the auxiliary
verb. (Used to communicate what would be happening.)
Conjugate ‘estar’ in the conditional tense. (See #5 for how to form the
conditional.)
Write five original sentences about what you, I, we, he she, or they ‘would be
doing.
10. present subjunctive
- formation of regular verbs
- stem-changing verbs
- spelling-changing verbs
- irregular verbs: ser, estar, ir, dar, saber, haber
- use of the subjunctive in noun clauses with
- verbs of desire
- verbs of request, order, permission
- verbs of doubt or negation
- verbs of emotion
- impersonal expressions
11. present perfect subjunctive
* Present perfect tense tells us what has happened.
* It is formed with an auxiliary verb and the past participle.
* In Spanish, the auxiliary verb for all of the perfect tenses is ‘haber’.
* This is a subjunctive, so it is used with the same WEIRDO ideas (+general
uncertainty, and certain conjunctions (unless, in case, etc.)
* For present perfect subjunctive, conjugate ‘haber’ in the present
subjunctive. (It is irregular: dé, esté, vaya, sepa, sea, haya.)
Conjugate ‘haber’ in subjunctive
Translate the following sentences and créate two originals.
1. She hopes that they have arrived.
2. I am happy that we have learned so much.
3. They recommend that you have already studied calculus.
4.
5.
12. indirect commands
*These are easy. Start with the word ‘que’ then use the ‘yopposite’.
* Ejemplos:
Persona A – Mis amigos quieren venir a la fiesta.
Persona B – Que vengan. (indirect command. Literally: That they
come!)
Persona A – También, mi madre quiere hacer una torta para la fiesta.
Persona B – Que la haga. (indirect command. Literally: That she make
it!)
Write two more examples.
13. helping verbs: hacer(le), dejar(le), permitir(le)
Look these up, and write two examples with each.
14. passive voice
* Used to eliminate the subject in a sentence.
Review on p. 122, Avencemos 3
Then, write five examples.
15. verbs used like gustar (encantar, faltar, interesar, etc.)
Answer the following questions:
A. ¿Qué te gusta?
B. ¿Qué te interesa?
C. ¿Qué le importa a tu mejor amigo?
16. use of the infinitive after prepositions
* In English, you use an –ing form after prepositions (before leaving, after
eating, for studying, etc.)
 In Spanish, you use the infinitive.
Go to p. 198-200 in the book ‘Essential Repaso’ on the AP Spanish shelf.
Read those pages, and do activity F on pages 200-201.