Continuous monitoring reveals multiple controls on ecosystem metabolism in a suburban stream.
Authors: Jake J Beaulieu*, Clay P Arango†, Adam D Balz‡, William D Shuster*
*United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk
Management Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio
†Department of Biological Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington
‡Pegasus Technical Services, Cincinnati, Ohio
Corresponding author: J.J. Beaulieu, e-mail: beaulieu.jake@epa.gov, phone: 513-569-7842
SUPPORTING INFORMATION FILE
a
-2
-1
Two-station GPP (g O2 m d )
14
12
b
rho = 0.96
p < 0.001
rho = 0.91
p < 0.001
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-2
2
-1
c
-2
12
4
6
8
10
12
-2
One-station down GPP (g O2 m d )
14
Two-station ER (g O2 m d )
14 0
-1
14
-1
One-station up GPP (g O2 m d )
d
rho = 0.97
p < 0.001
rho = 0.81
p < 0.001
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
-2
-1
One-station down ER (g O2 m d )
14 0
2
4
6
8
10
-2
12
14
-1
One-station up ER (g O2 m d )
Figure S1. Relationship between gross primary production (GPP) calculated using the two-station
method and GPP measured using the one-station method using data from the a) downstream station
and b) upstream station. Panels c and d depict the relationship between ecosystem respiration (ER)
calculated using the two-station method and the one-station method using data from the c)
downstream station and c) upstream station. Correlations were assessed using the Spearman Rank test
and lines indicate 1:1 relationship.
8
4
1:1 line
0
2
GPP via classic two station method (g O2 m
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
ER via classic two station method (g O2 m
1:1 line
6
2
-10
1
day )
Two station GPP vs. Demars GPP
2
1
day )
Two station ER vs. Demars ER
0
-2
-4
-6
-8
ER via Demars method gO2 m
-10
2
0
1
day )
2
4
6
GPP via Demars method gO2 m
8
2
1
day )
Figure S2. Ecosystem respiration (ER) and gross primary production (GPP) calculated using the
traditional two-station method (see text for details) and the method proposed by Demars et al. (2011)
which attempts to correct for spatial heterogeneity. Error bars are standard errors calculated according
to Demars et al. (2011).
Table S1. Ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), total nitrogen (TN), soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved organic
carbon (DOC), total organic carbon, suspended solids concentration (SSC), and lateral inflow (LI) rates expressed as a percent of surface water
discharge measured approximately every two weeks in Shepherd Creek from July 2009 to May 2011.
Date
NH4+
NO3TN
SRP
TP
DOC
TOC
SSC
LI
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
(µg N L )
(µg N L )
(µg N L )
(µg P L )
(µg P L )
(mg L )
(mg L )
(mg L )
(%)
7/8/2009
15
399
678
223
297
4.0
4.1
6.6
4
7/23/2009
18
522
897
199
256
4.8
5.1
17.9
3
8/6/2009
18
501
962
239
264
5.0
5.2
22.0
1
8/24/2009
29
424
572
261
277
2.4
2.3
13.4
14
9/2/2009
20
491
689
228
244
1.2
1.3
9.9
16
9/17/2009
10
396
486
258
252
1.9
1.9
16.0
11
10/1/2009
8
402
533
246
225
3.0
2.9
4.5
22
10/20/2009
25
167
227
238
469
4.0
4.3
29.4
7
11/4/2009
13
283
462
178
169
4.5
4.5
0.3
7
11/12/2009
12
45
243
161
185
4.3
4.4
0.3
10
12/1/2009
3
32
304
179
170
4.1
4.0
0.3
NA*
12/14/2009
83
435
858
167
180
5.0
5.1
6.4
4.5
12/29/2009
29
419
798
68
198
3.8
4.1
5.0
0
1/14/2010
22
429
711
95
130
3.8
3.8
13.3
NA*
1/27/2010
16
631
822
83
130
4.2
4.3
4.0
9
2/11/2010
8
445
686
90
82
3.2
3.2
2.5
0
2/24/2010
21
883
1035
68
141
4.2
4.6
9.6
8
3/18/2010
11
115
256
79
128
3.3
3.3
4.6
NA*
3/31/2010
35
355
291
71
135
3.2
3.2
13.6
0
4/14/2010
7
331
95
60
147
3.7
3.8
7.8
0
4/27/2010
28
598
634
117
172
4.2
4.1
15.6
6
5/13/2010
43
430
906
73
231
4.3
4.4
18.7
NA*
6/4/2010
17
367
730
133
257
4.1
4.2
47.0
NA*
6/9/2010
37
566
1340
201
564
6.2
6.3
94.0
NA*
6/24/2010
15
200
801
103
239
4.6
4.3
13.9
1
7/7/2010
31
322
597
199
246
3.9
4.0
48.2
NA*
7/22/2010
36
250
588
179
239
4.5
4.4
17.3
NA*
8/5/2010
59
86
271
228
422
4.6
4.7
0.6
NA*
8/31/2010
8
337
706
205
260
3.7
3.6
12.9
NA*
10/27/2010
12
11/23/2010
14
12/14/2010
8
12/28/2010
28
1/7/2011
98
1/19/2011
18
2/3/2011
29
2/15/2011
2
3/1/2011
1
3/16/2011
38
3/29/2011
11
4/12/2011
17
4/26/2011
15
5/10/2011
2
5/24/2011
1
*NA: Data not available.
612
10
1265
846
1455
1465
2465
832
1735
749
284
1115
566
243
497
1195
567
1525
1090
1975
2100
3170
2425
5205
1985
1344
3615
2060
1255
1328
342
253
107
131
133
105
111
88
116
89
77
144
101
121
146
428
324
143
161
154
136
147
122
148
111
124
276
183
26
246
9.6
10.1
4.6
5.2
4.3
5.6
5.8
3.8
5.1
3.8
3.4
8.0
5.4
3.6
6.6
9.8
10.2
4.9
4.2
4.3
5.5
5.7
3.9
5.1
3.9
3.3
7.9
5.4
3.6
6.7
5.7
3.7
2.4
3.1
0.7
22.8
3.0
0.3
7.5
63.0
5.7
17.2
0.3
2.9
21.5
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*
NA*