SI Session 09/12/14 Answers
Remember to take good notes. I’m not reviewing EVERY single thing she says. I’m
only reviewing the most important material you will absolutely need to know for
like 98% of the test. She could always slip by a couple questions I don’t talk about.
More tips: Focus on this class. Chances are that BY 123 and BY 124 will be your
toughest classes for each semester. Pay attention in class and always give your best
effort every single night.
1. Which of the following is not a protein?
A) hemoglobin
B) cholesterol
C) an antibody
D) an enzyme
E) insulin
Cholesterol is a steroid; the rest can be categorized in proteins’ many functions
2. The structural level of a protein least affected by a disruption in hydrogen
bonding is the
A) primary level.
B) secondary level.
C) tertiary level.
D) quaternary level.
E) All structural levels are equally affected.
Primary is just the sequence of amino acids; starting with secondary there are
hydrogen bond interactions
3. Which of the following statements concerning unsaturated fats is true?
A) They are more common in animals than in plants.
B) They have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
C) They generally solidify at room temperature.
D) They contain more hydrogen than saturated fats having the same number of
carbon atoms.
E) They have fewer fatty acid molecules per fat molecule.
4. Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence:
Nucleotides are to ________ as ________ are to proteins.
A) nucleic acids; amino acids
B) amino acids; polypeptides
C) glycosidic linkages; polypeptide linkages
D) genes; enzymes
E) polymers; polypeptides
5. Review: Write the formula for a monosaccharide with 5 carbons. Write the
formula for a saturated hydrocarbon with 5 carbons.
C5H10O5; C5H12
6. Review: A cow is given antibiotics to kill a bacterial infection in his body;
afterwards, the vet gives the cow a drink containing various prokaryotes and
protists. Why does he need to do this?
We are assuming the antibiotics have killed the bacterial infection AND valuable
bacteria in the gut that can properly hydrolyze the grass that cows eat; he needs to
give back prokaryotes so that the cows will be able to harvest the energy from the
grass that is only possible with the prokaryotes and protists.
7. Review: Compare the structure of a fat with that of a phospholipid.
Fat: 3 fatty acid tails with one glycerol
Phospholipid: 2 fatty acid tails with a glycerol AND a phosphate (making the head
hydrophilic) and a choline if you want to know
8. Review: Which macromolecule accounts for 50% of the dry mass of most cells?
protein
9. Remember that a peptide can be made of just two amino acids, a polypeptide is
made up of several amino acids, and a protein can be a polypeptide or more as long
as it folded and coiled into a viable 3D structure.
10. The physical and chemical properties of the side chains (R group) in amino acids
determines which level of protein structure? Stress Figure 5.20
A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
E) just C and D
F) all of the above
Whatever interaction in one structure will affect all more complex structures ahead
(sequence affects all, h-bonding affects secondary and above, r interactions affect
tertiary and quaternary)
11. Review from class: What are fibrous proteins? What are globular proteins?
Fibrous proteins are supportive; globular are functional
12. Remember analogy: polypeptide isn’t synonymous with protein; even for a
protein consisting of 1 polypeptide, the relationship is like that of a long strand of
yarn (polypeptide) and a sweater (complex and folded protein) that is knit from the
yarn. Remember structure of protein = function of protein.
13. T/F Protein structure does NOT depend on the physical and chemical conditions
of the environment.
Salt, pH, and temperature, just to name a few, can all affect protein structure
14. What is it called when the protein unravels and loses its native shape?
denaturation
15. Nucleic acid is to polymer as ______________ is to monomer.
nucleotide
16. Name the 2 types of nucleic acids.
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
17. Understand basics of Figure 5.25.
DNA->RNA->protein
18. What does a nucleotide consist of? Be able to visualize it.
Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a phosphate group
19. Name all nitrogenous bases. Which ones are pyrimidines? Which ones are
purines? What binds to what? How to they bind?
Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, uracil (ONLY FOUND IN RNA; REPLACES
THYMINE)
PYRIMIDINE is a BIGGER word with a SMALLER structure (cytosine, thymine,
uracil)
PURINE is a SMALLER word with a BIGGER structure (adenine and guanine)
A to T (A to U in RNA), C to G; bind by hydrogen bonding
20. What is a nucleoside?
The nitrogenous base and the sugar
21. What and where is the linkage between nucleotides?
Phosphodiester between 3’ carbon and the phosphate group
22. What does antiparallel mean? Know what 5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’ means.
5’ refers to the end that ends with 5-carbon or the phosphate group; 3’ refers to the
end that ends with the 3-carbon
Ask class if they still need review on Chapter 5 or the rest of the chapters on
Monday. I can always ask Dr. Raut if a certain type of question will be on the test.