Earth Science 11
Name __________________
Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary Rocks: (definition)
• _____________________________________________________________________________________
(rock fragments, organic remains, or chemicals that form on lake or ocean bottoms)
• 75% of Earth’s surface covered with sediments & sedimentary rocks
3 types:
A) ______________ Sedimentary Rocks
B) ______________ Sedimentary Rocks
C) ______________ Sedimentary Rocks
• Formed from fragments of other rocks.
A) Clastic
Formation:
• i) pre-existing rocks are _______________
• ii) fragments are transported by _____, _____, and _________ (*the further the fragments travel, the
more rounded they become)
• iii) fragments are deposited according to energy and size = ________
Large fragments = high energy = rivers
Medium fragments = med energy = beaches
Small fragments = low energy = lakes, oceans
• iv) fragments are ________________ together with Silica (SiO2 =quartz), Calcite (CaCO3), Iron oxide
(FeO), or just pressure (shale)
Examples:
•
•
•
i) Shale – consists of tiny flakes of the mineral, little space.
ii) Sandstone – made up of grains of quartz, with space between particles.
iii) Conglomerate – cemented mixture of rounded pebbles and sand grains.
B) Chemical
 Formed from minerals __________ in sea, lake swamp or underground.
 Ex. Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea
 Chemical sediments are formed when these minerals are precipitated from the water by ___________.
 Ex. Rock salt, Gypsum
C) Organic
 Formed from remains of _________ and ___________
 Limestone from the skeletons of shell fish
 Coal from plants accumulating in shallow lakes or swamps
 Chert from the skeletons of silica radiolarians and sponges