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Use study guide to help you focus on key issues Points:
1. Describe the development of church architecture from the Early Christian basilica to High Gothic. Include the major differences between an Early Christian basilica and a Romanesque church. Consider evolutionary steps in both plan and elevation including Carolingian Ottonian and at least three regions of Romanesque architecture. Briefly characterize the style of each. Cite examples.
Exam Essay Questions:
1. What is generally believed to be the purpose of the sculptures that decorated the portals of the Great Gothic cathedrals?
How did these programs differ from the sculptures carved on Romanesque portals.
1.
Describe the development of Gothic architecture and the ideas that inspired it. Use examples from your text.
2.
List the elements of Gothic architecture and describe their structural and symbolic purpose.
3.
Describe the sculptural program of the center west portal at Chartres. What are its stylistic characteristics, its purpose, and its iconography?
4.
Compare and contrast a typical French Romanesque church with a Gothic cathedral. Consider architecture, purpose, and the ideas that inspired them.
5.
How do the French Gothic cathedrals fulfill the Scholastic philosophy? Cite examples from your text.
6.
Describe the development of Gothic sculpture using examples from the exterior of Chartres, Amiens, and Reims.
After reading Chapter 11, you should be able to do the following:
 Describe the origins of the Gothic style in France and the role played by Abbot Suger
 Identify the works and define the terms featured in the chapter
 Describe the basic elements of Gothic architecture

Describe the technique of making stained-glass windows

Explain the economic advantages to a town of building a cathedral

Discuss Augustine's metaphor of the Church as the City of God
 Describe the interior and exterior architecture of Chartres
 Draw and label the plan of Chartres
 Describe the iconography of the royal portals at Chartres
 Describe the evolution of architectural and sculptural style in the Gothic period

Compare Gothic and Romanesque sculpture

Describe what is meant by Scholasticism and its relationship to art and architecture
 Compare and contrast English Gothic with French Gothic
 Describe the spread of Gothic style
 After reading Window on the World Six: "Buddhist and Hindu Developments in East Asia and South Asia," you should be able to do the following:
Identify the works and define the terms in this Window on the World feature

Discuss Buddhist Paradise sects

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 Describe the structure and meaning of the pagoda
 Describe the Horyu-ji monastery complex at Nara
 Explain the basic tenets of Hinduism

Describe the Hindu temple, how it was built, and the division of labor

Explain the rituals performed by priests in the garbha griha

Describe Vishnu's role in the creation of the universe
 Write an essay on the synthesis of Buddhism and Hinduism at Angkor
GOTHIC, 1147–13th/14th CENTURIES
Abbot Suger, Book of Suger; age of cathedrals
Pointed arches; rib vaults; stained glass; flying buttresses
French cathedrals: Chartres; Amiens; Reims
Guilds; Magna Carta (1215); Scholasticism
Sainte-Chapelle; Canterbury; Thomas à Becket
Chaucer, Canterbury Tales; Salisbury Cathedral
Spread of Gothic in Europe
19th-century Neo-Gothic
 Saint Patrick's Cathedral, New York
Buddhism and Hinduism in East and South Asia, 6th–13th Centuries
 Paradise sects; pagodas; Horyu-ji; Hinduism; Hindu temples, Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom
armature (a) a metal framework for a stained-glass window; (b) a fixed, inner framework supporting a sculpture made of a flexible material. buttress cantilever chevet choir clerestory compound pier
Crenellations elevation an external architectural support that counteracts the lateral thrust of an arch or wall. a long, low architectural support that enables a cantilevered element such as an eave or a cornice to project horizontally without vertical support at the far end.
French term for the east end of a Gothic church, comprising the choir, ambulatory, and radiating chapels. part of a Christian church, near the altar, set aside for those chanting the services; usually part of the chancel. the upper part of the main outer wall of a building (especially a church), located above an adjoining roof and admitting light through a row of windows. see cluster pier. having a series of indentations, like those in a battlement. an architectural diagram showing the exterior (or, less often, interior) surface of a building as if projected onto a vertical plane.

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P A G E | 3 flying buttresses a buttress in the form of a strut or open half-arch. garbha griha guild
(literally "womb chamber"): a small, cubical sanctuary that is the sacred core of a Hindu temple. organizations of craftsmen, such as those that flourished in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. kondo lancet mandapa pagoda
Pietà ribbed vault rose window tracery triforium web the main hall of a Japanese Buddhist temple, where religious images are kept. a tall narrow, arched window without tracery. a northern-style Hindu temple's assembly hall. a multistoried Buddhist reliquary tower, tapering toward the top and characterized by projecting eaves. an image of the Virgin Mary holding and mourning over the dead Christ. a vault constructed of arched diagonal ribs, with a web of lighter masonry in between. a large, circular window decorated with stained glass and tracery. a decorative, interlaced design (as in the stonework in Gothic windows). in Gothic architecture, part of the nave wall above the arcade and below the clerestory. in Gothic architecture, the portion of a ribbed vault between the ribs.
know these works by sight, title, date, medium, scale, and location (original location also if moved) and be able to explain and analyze these in relation to any concept, term, element, or principle
The Gothic Rib Vault, p. 482
The Gothic Cathedral, p. 488
Terms be able to identify these by sight, explain these in relation to art, and know an example of each in relation to a work of art universities
University of Paris
*Mendicant orders:
Franciscans: St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226)
Dominicans
Nativity
Virgin Mary
St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)
Scholasticism
*Abbot Suger (1081-1151)
Abbey Church of St.-Denis (the choir specifically)
*St. Denis:
Apostle of France
3rd century martyr who brought Christianity to the Franks
Belief that colored light could lead to a mystical union with God *stained glass
*pointed arch
*rib vault

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*flying buttresses
*facade
*portal
*nave arcade
*rose window
*tracery
*curtain wall
*Rayonnant Style
*Gothic S-curve
*Flamboyant Style
Villard de Honnecourt
*Perpendicular Style
*“fan vaults”
know these works by sight, title, date, medium, scale, and location (original location also if moved) and be able to explain and analyze these in relation to any concept, term, element, or principle
 Choir of the Abbey Church of St.-Denis, France, 1140-1144
 Royal Portal, west facade, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1145–1155.

Notre-Dame (looking north), Paris, France, begun 1163; nave and flying buttresses, ca. 1180–1200; remodeled after
1225.

Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, as rebuilt after 1194.

Rose window and lancets, north transept, Chartres Cathedral, Chartres, France, ca. 1220. Stained glass, rose window 43’ in diameter.

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 ROBERT DE LUZARCHES, THOMAS DE CORMONT, and RENAUD DE CORMONT, west facade of Amiens Cathedral,
Amiens, France, begun 1220.
 Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, ca. 1225–1290.
 Annunciation and Visitation, jamb statues of central doorway, west facade, Reims Cathedral, Reims, France, ca.
1230-1255
 Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France, 1243–1248.
 Virgin and Child (Virgin of Paris), Notre-Dame, Paris, France, early fourteenth century.

West facade of Saint-Maclou, Rouen, France, ca. 1500–1514.
 various works of Villard de Honnecourt
 Salisbury Cathedral, Salisbury, England, 1220–1258; west facade completed 1265; spire ca. 1320–1330.

Choir of Gloucester Cathedral (looking east), Gloucester, England, 1332–1357

ROBERT and WILLIAM VERTUE, fan vaults of the chapel of Henry VII, Westminster Abbey, London, England, 1503–
1519.
 GERHARD OF COLOGNE, aerial view of Cologne Cathedral (looking northwest), Cologne, Germany, begun 1248; nave, facade, and towers completed 1880.

Death of the Virgin, tympanum of left doorway, south transept, Strasbourg Cathedral, Strasbourg, France, ca. 1230.
 Ekkehard and Uta, statues in the west choir, Naumburg Cathedral, Naumburg, Germany, ca. 1249–1255. Painted limestone, Ekkehard 6’ 2” high.