Name: ______________________________________________________________________ Date: ______ Pd:____
Aquatic Science Final Study Guide KEY
Part 1: L18 Intro to Marine Invertebrates and Phylum Cnidarian Notes
1. What is the % of animals on Earth that are invertebrates? What makes up the rest?
a) 97% b) vertebrates
2. What is a niche? How many species can occupy one niche in an area?
a) An organism’s job or role in an ecosystem b) 1
3. Invertebrate Graphic Organizer – Describe the characteristics of each phylum and give 3 examples for the ones we
have covered.
Phylum
Echinodermata
Characteristics
Radial symmetry, water vascular system
Examples
Sea star, sea cucumber, brittle star
Mollusca
Muscular foot, most successful phyla, bilateral symmetry
Clams, mussels, oysters
Cnidarian
Radial symmetry, contain nematocysts
Jellyfish, anemones, corals
Porifera
Asymmetry, simple body plan
sponges
Arthropoda
Bilateral symmetry, jointed appendages, hard exoskeleton
Lobsters, crabs, crayfish
Nematoda
Segmented
Worms
Bilateral symmetry, hermaphroditic
Bilateral symmetry, hermaphroditic, 1 way digestive tract
Roundworms
sandworms
Stop 1: Corals and Coral Reproductions (2 notes packets):
1. How are corals scientifically classified?
Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa
2. Describe hard corals. Include the terms: scleractinia, colonial, solitary, calcium carbonate
Hard corals are also known as stony corals are made up of a substance called scleractinia that could be solitary and
colonial. The skeleton is made up of calcium carbonate.
3. Describe soft corals. Include the terms: Alcyonacea, sclerites, Gorgonian
Soft corals are known as Alcyonacea and are not made up of scleractinia. Instead they have tiny spines called sclerites.
A common soft coral is known as a Gorgonian.
4. Describe how deep water corals obtain energy.
Filter organisms out of water column, heterotrophic.
5. Be able to label the diagram to the right 
6. What is a nematocyst?
Harpoon like barb used to sting prey and inject toxin.
7. Describe coral’s symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae.
Relies on photosynthesis of zooxanthellae to get sugar an oxygen.
8. What are the 2 methods by which corals can reproduce?
asexually and sexually
9. Draw the basic life cycle of coral in the space below. Which stage does coral spend most of its life in? Polyp stage
Stop 2: Jellyfish Notes Packet
1. What are the 3 classes of jellyfishes? Include what types of jellies belong to each class.
a. Hydrozoa – Obelia and portugese man of war
b. Scyphozoa – Common jellyfish
c. Cubozoa – Box jellyfish
2. a. What are cnidocytes? Cells that contain nematocysts.
b. Nematocysts? Harpoon like filament with barbs that is released to inject poison into prey.
3. What type of symmetry to jellyfish exhibit? radial
4. Describe the process by which jellyfish deploy their “stingers” to stun their prey.
Stinger cells triggered, internal pressure massive 2000 PSI, bursts firing out a toxin harpoon. Goes from coiled to
uncoiled to stun and inject toxin into prey.
Stop 3: Anemones Notes Packet
1. What is the scientific classification of sea anemones? Phylum Cnidaria, Class Anthozoa
2. What anatomical structure helps anemones attach to its substrate? Pedal disc
3. What type of toxin do anemones inject into their prey? neurotoxin
4. What benefit does green algae provide for anemones? Does photosynthesis, so provides glucose and oxygen.
5. What type of relationship do anemones and clownfish exhibit? mutualistic
7. Which life cycle stage do anemones spend the majority of their lives in? polyp
Matching Review:
Part 1 1. E_____ Suspension Feeding
2. G_____ Deposit Feeding
3. F_____ Filter Feeding
4. I____ Predation
5. H_____ Herbivory
6. A_____ Niche
7. B_____ Morphology
8. C_____ Anatomy
9. D_____ Physiology
10. J____ Invertebrate
a. Role within an ecosystem
b. Study of structure of organisms
c. Study of structure of animals
d. Study of processes within organisms
e. Type of filter feeding in which organisms do not create their own currents
f. Type of feeding where the animal pumps water through its body to remove food
g. Feeding method where animals eat detritus
h. Eating only plants and algae
i. Animals that feed on other animals
j. Organism that lack backbones
Part 2 –
a. Corals border island at a greater distance, with deep lagoon between itself and
island
b. Small, isolated piece of reef that grow on bottom
c. Submerged island with coral continuously growing around it.
d. Coral projects seaward directly from shore (most common)
e. Cell that houses harpoon-like stinging mechanism
f. Harpoon-like stinging mechanism that has barbs and delivers toxins to prey
g. Photosynthetic algae that lives within corals
h. Soft corals
i. Hard corals
j. Substance that makes up the skeletons of hard corals
1. D _____ Fringing Reef
2. A_____ Barrier Reef
3. B_____ Patch Reef
4. C_____ Atoll
5. I_____ Scleractinia
6. H_____ Alcyonacea
7. F_____ Nematocyst
8. E_____ Cnidocyte
9. G_____ Zooxanthallae
10.J ____ Calcium Carbonate
Part 3 1. G_____ Scyphozoa
2. I_____ Hydrozoa
3. B_____ Cubozoa
4. J_____ Anthozoa
5. D_____ Ectoderm
6. C_____ Endoderm
7. E_____ Mesoglea
8. F_____ Nerve Net
9. A_____ Medusa
10. H____ Polyp
a. Adult stage of jellyfish
b. Class containing box jellyfish
c. Inner layer of jellyfish
d. Outer layer of jellyfish
e. Gelatinous layer between endo and ectoderm
f. System of basic receptors that transmit impulses throughout a jellyfish
g. Class containing common jellyfish
h. Juvenile stage of jellyfish
i. Class containing Obelia and Portugese Man-of-War
j. Class containing corals and anemones
Part 2: Phylum Arthropoda
1. What does arthropod mean? Jointed appendage
2. What does it mean by saying Arthropods are protostomes? During embryonic develop, body cavity opening forms
into mouth first.
3. Arthropods are cephalized, what does this mean? Have a distinct head.
4. What is another word for molting? ecdysis
5. What subphyla do shrimp, lobsters, copepods, and barnacles belong to? Crustacea
6. Which subphyla do horsheshoe crabs belong to? Chelicerata
7. What are chelicerae? Claws or fangs
8. What are pedipalps used for? Swimming, walking, sensing
9. Compare the number of jointed appendages found in Chelicerata vs. Crustacea. 6 vs. 10
10. What is a cephalothorax? A fused head and thorax
11. Label the following diagram of a crayfish:
Part 3: Phylum Echinodermata
1. What does echinoderm mean?
2. What is their endoskeleton made up of?
3. What is their larval stage known as?
4. What type of symmetry do the adults exhibit?
5. Label the aboral and oral side of the following diagram:
6. Why are echinoderms deuterostomes?
7. Describe the pathway of water through the water vascular system. Include the structures it passes through.
8. Which is the largest class of echinoderms?
9. What anatomical structure do sea urchins use to feed?
10. Why type of symmetry do sea cucumbers exhibit?
11. Label the following diagrams with the class it belongs to:
b.
a.
c.
d.
e.
Part 4: Phylum Mollusca
1. What type of feeders are bilvalves (clams, mussels, oysters)?
2. What is the free-living larval form of mollusks called?
3. Which class of mollusks contains the most intelligent organisms?
Give an example of a very intelligent mollusk:
4. What does this intelligent class use to feed? _________________ and ___________________
5. What are chromatophores?
6. Describe the few details I gave you about Class Polyplacophora. ___________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What class do snails and slugs belong to? __________________________________
8. Why are members of this class (from #10) called univalves? _____________________________________________
9. Why is Phylum Mollusca the most ecologically important phyla to humans? ________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Do bivalves exhibit cephalization? __________
Part 5 - Lesson 19: Biology of Fishes
1. What are the 3 major classes of fish?
a.
b.
c.
2. What are 2 examples of jawless fishes?
a.
b.
3. Describe how fish breathe. Include mouth, gills, and operculum.
4. Describe the function of each fin.
1) Caudal - _____________________________________
2) Pelvic - ______________________________________
3) Anal - _______________________________________
4) Dorsal - ______________________________________
5) Pectoral - ______________________________________
4. Write the feeding type that is best associated with the fish mouth structure shown next to the picture.
(Use your book)
a.
e.
b.
f.
c.
g.
d.
6. Next to each image, write how the pattern of coloration influences the organism’s niche.
a.
d.
warning coloration
b.
eyespots
e.
red in color
mottled
c.
f.
counter shading
disruptive
7. Write the structures of each letter representing a fish’s anatomy.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
8. What is the balloon structure filled with air near the stomach and intestine?
9. How does a fish use this structure to move up and down in the water column? (think about making yourself sink
or float in a body of water – how can you regulate air your lungs to change your vertical position)
10. What is the lateral line organ?
11. What’s the difference between a skate and a stingray?
12. What part of cartilaginous fishes is preserved in the fossil record?
13. What is the proper term for “tail” when referring to marine mammals?
14. What is the proper term for “mouth” when referring to marine mammals?
15. What is function of the Ampullae of Lorenzini?
16. Distinguish between the following means of reproduction. (Ask your peers, or refer to notes/book/class
discussions).
a. Ovoviparous b. Viviparous c. Ovoviparous –
17. In the dogfish dissection, how did you distinguish males from females?
Part 6 – Lesson 21: Marine Mammals
1. List 4 characteristics that are common to marine mammals:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Define the following behaviors commonly observed by marine mammals.
porpoising foraging nursing group behaviors -
List 3 major differences between a dolphin and a porpoise.
a.
b.
c.
3. Differentiate between the toothed whales and baleen whales:
Toothed Whales
Examples
Characteristics
4. What adaptation do Cetaceans have to replace the presence of hair?
Baleen Whales
5. What is called when whales have been observed to herd and stun their prey? (Use your book)
6. What two pieces of legislature regulate the protection of marine mammals?
7. Differentiate between Otaridaes and Phocidaes:
Otaridae (Eared Seals)
Examples
Characteristics
8. Describe 2 behaviors of the group of Pinnipeds called Odobenidae.
a.
b.
9. What is the difference between manatees and dugongs?
Manatees
Dugongs
10. Describe 3 qualities are that only unique to sea otters?
a.
b.
c.
11. Describe the behavior of polar bears.
Phocidae (True Seals)