Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture * 22173VIC

22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture

22173VIC

Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture

This course has been accredited under Parts 4.4 and 4.6 of the Education and training Reform Act 2006. It has been entered on the State Register of

Accredited Courses and Recognised Qualifications and the National

Training Information Service.

Accredited for the period: 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2016


Version 2: Accreditation period 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2016

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Document Status

This document is an exact copy of the document, which is listed on the State Register of

Accredited Courses and Recognised Qualifications and the National Training Information Service.

Version 1: Accredited from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2016.

Version 2: Contains updated units from AHC10 Agriculture/Horticulture/Conservation and Land

Management Training Package

© State of Victoria (Department of Education and Early Childhood Development) 2011

Copyright of this material is reserved to the Crown in the right of the State of Victoria. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia licence

( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/au/ ). You are free to use, copy and distribute to anyone in its original form as long as you attribute Department of Education and Early Childhood

Development as the author, and you license any derivative work you make available under the same licence.

Disclaimer

In compiling the information contained in and accessed through this resource, the Department of

Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD) has used its best endeavours to ensure that the information is correct and current at the time of publication but takes no responsibility for any error, omission or defect therein.

To the extent permitted by law DEECD, its employees, agents and consultants exclude all liability for any loss or damage (including indirect, special or consequential loss or damage) arising from the use of, or reliance on the information contained herein, whether caused or not by any negligent act or omission. If any law prohibits the exclusion of such liability, DEECD limits its liability to the extent permitted by law, for the resupply of the information.

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22173 VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture


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Table of Contents

Section A: Copyright and course classification information...4

1. Copyright owner of the course....................................................................................... 4

2. Address ............................................................................................................................ 4

3. Type of submission ......................................................................................................... 4

4. Copyright acknowledgement.......................................................................................... 4

5. Licensing and franchise.................................................................................................. 5

6. Course accrediting body................................................................................................. 5

7. AVETMISS information..................................................................................................... 5

8. Period of accreditation.................................................................................................... 5

Section B: Course information ...................................................6

1. Nomenclature .................................................................................................................. 6

2. Vocational or educational outcomes of the course ...................................................... 6

3. Development of the course............................................................................................. 6

4. Course outcomes ...........................................................................................................10

5. Course rules ...................................................................................................................11

6. Assessment ....................................................................................................................13

7. Delivery ...........................................................................................................................16

8. Pathways and articulation .............................................................................................17

9. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation .............................................................................18

Section C: Units of competency ...............................................19



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Section A: Copyright and course classification information

1. Copyright owner of the course

2. Address

Copyright of this document is held by the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development, Victoria.

© State of Victoria

Day to day contact:

Primary Industries Curriculum Maintenance Manager (PICMM)

CMM Number: 5133

Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE

77-91 St Georges Rd

Preston VIC 3072

Email: kateb-rd@nmit.vic.edu.au

Telephone: (03) 9269 1391

Facsimile: (03) 9269 1365

Department of Education and Early Childhood Development

Executive Director,

Pathways Participation and Youth,

GPO Box 266

Melbourne 3001

3. Type of submission

The Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture is a reaccreditation and replaces 21704VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture.

4. Copyright acknowledgement

Copyright of this material is reserved to the Crown in the right of the

State of Victoria.

© State of Victoria (Department of Education and Early Childhood

Development) 2011

The following units of competency have been imported from national Training Packages administered by the Commonwealth of

Australia.

© Commonwealth of Australia.

AHC10 Agriculture/Horticulture/Conservation and Land

Management Training Package

AHCAGB501A Develop climatic risk management strategies

AHCAGB505A Develop a whole farm plan

AHCBAC501A Manage agricultural crop production

AHCBAC503A Manage integrated crop and pasture production

AHCBUS508A Prepare and monitor budgets and financial reports

AHCCCF504A Support group and community changes in resource management

AHCCCF505A Contribute to regional planning process

AHCLSK501A Manage livestock production

AHCNAR506A Develop and implement sustainable land use strategies

AHCOHS401A Maintain OHS processes

AHCPMG503A Develop a strategy for the management of target pests

AHCWRK501A Plan, implement and review a quality assurance program

AHCWRK505A Manage trial and/or research material



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MSS11 Sustainability Training Package V2

MSS015002A Develop strategies for more sustainable use of resources

Commonwealth owned materials are licensed under the Free

Education licence.

5. Licensing and franchise

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-

NoDerivs 3.0 Australia licence

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/au/). You are free to use, copy and distribute to anyone in its original form as long as you attribute the, Department of Education and Early Childhood

Development as the author, and you license any derivative work you make available under the same licence

Copies of this publication can be downloaded free of charge from the Training Support Network website: http://trainingsupport.skills.vic.gov.au

6. Course accrediting body

7. AVETMISS information

Victorian Registration and Qualifications Authority

Level 6, 35 Spring Street

Melbourne Victoria 3000

Telephone: (03) 9637 2806

Website: http://www.vrqa.vic.gov.au/

Classification Codes for:

ANZSCO [Australian and New Zealand

Standard Classification of Occupations]

121400 Mixed Crop and Livestock Farmer

ANZSIC code

(Australia and New Zealand Standard

Industrial Classification – industry type)

ASCED Code – 4 digit

(Field of Education)

National course code

0122 Grain-Sheep and

Grain-Beef Cattle

Farming

0501 Agriculture

To be provided by the course accrediting body once the course is accredited

8. Period of accreditation

The period of accreditation is from 1 July 2011 to 30 June 2016



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Section B: Course information

1. Nomenclature

1.1 Name of the qualification

Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture

1.2 Nominal duration of the course 870 – 1170 hrs

2. Vocational or educational outcomes of the course

3. Development of the course

Standard 1 for Accredited Courses

The Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture provides individuals with the technical and applied skills and knowledge required to enable them to develop and manage a sustainable agricultural enterprise.

Standards 1 and 2 for Accredited Courses

3.1 Industry / enterprise / community needs

In 2003 on the advice of the Industry Training Board, Primary

Skills Victoria (PSV) a scoping report was completed of the

RTE03 Rural Production Training Package. It identified gaps within the training package in relation to sustainable farming practices and as a result 21569VIC Course in Farm Improvement was developed and accredited. In 2004 additional funds were provided by the Office of Tertiary Training and Education (OTTE) now Skills Victoria to develop the 21704VIC Diploma of

Sustainable Agriculture.

The 21704VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture was recommended to the Agri-Food Industry Skills Council with the request that the units be included in the RTE03 Rural Production

Training Package. This did not occur and the curriculum has now been recommended to be included in the AHC10

Agriculture/Horticulture and Conservation and Land Management

Training Package.

The technical skills required relate to the need for farmers to be able to adapt sustainable farming principles such as soil management, water use and the development and management of biodiversity on a farm. The introduction of new methods and technologies such as Geographical Information System (GIS), genetic breeding and renewable energy systems will allow farmers to remain competitive and plan ahead to ensure long-term viability of their farms.

Agriculture is a significant industry in Victoria, in terms of numbers employed and in productivity. A total of 5% of the

Victorian workforce is employed directly in Agriculture. Its productivity value is estimated at $8 billion per annum. While

Victoria occupies only 3% of Australia’s landmass, the state constitutes 22% of total gross value of agricultural production.

1

There has been increasing awareness over the past several years within the agriculture industry, and within the Australian community generally of critical issues that must be addressed

1

Statistics provided by Primary Skills Victoria



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture within the industry. Issues the management and use of water, and the adoption of farming practices to maintain long term viability.

There has been a growth of awareness that climate change may have a long-term impact and that agriculture will need to adapt to enable long-term sustainability. These issues have been summarised as general requirements prioritised for a particular farm situation:

• increase productivity and profit from the production system

• manage water use in the production system

• protect the on-farm natural resources

• create more opportunities for biodiversity

• reduce off-site impacts from the production system

• improve customer satisfaction, motivation and capacity to implement change

2

.

Currently there are three Recognised Training Organisations that have the 21704VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture on their scope of registration. When the course is re-accredited it expected for this number to increase with a subsequent gain in enrolement numbers. There has been a 36% increase in enrolments from 2008

(25 enrolments) to 2009 (34 enrolments). It is anticipated that enrolment numbers will increase in the future. (2010 figures not available).

A steering committee was established for the re-accreditation of

21704VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture comprising:

• Michael Blake (Farmer, Bally Glunin Park)–Chair

• Nickie Berrisford (Executive Officer, Grains Industry

Training Network)

• Peter Newgreen (LaTrobe Catchment Landcare Network)

• Dan Spencer (Education Centre Gippsland)

• Christine Radford (Farmer, Warragul)

• Greg Hallihan (Primary Skills Victoria)

• Dr Chris Pittock (Farm Service Victoria, Department

Primary Industries)

• Martin Brennan (Bendigo TAFE)

• Patricia Murdock (Victorian Farmers Federation)

• Robert Graham (South West TAFE)

The development of the curriculum submission was managed by

Kate Bryce, Executive Officer, Primary Industries Curriculum

Maintenance Manager.

Barbara Bishop (independent consultant) was appointed as Project

Officer and Gaye Cameron as Project Writer, with the tasks of: conducting an industry validation survey; assessing the current industry needs in relation to sustainable agriculture; reviewing the current units of competency; modification of existing units and the development of new units of competency if required.

2

Towards Sustainable Grazing; the professional producer’s guide, Meat and Livestock Association, August 2003



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Please refer to the appendices for:

Minutes of the steering committee (Appendix 1)

Signed Course Endorsement Forms (Appendix 2)

Letters of Support (Appendix 3)

Skills and Knowledge Survey (Appendix 4)

The industry validation survey provided information on the priorities relevant to Sustainable Agriculture from the perspective of the industry.

A skills and knowledge survey was developed and distributed to

25 people within the agricultural sector such as farmers, trainers, producers, personnel from the Department of Primary Industries and the Victorian Farmers Federation. The survey had a return rate of 32%. The skills and knowledge survey and the summary of responses are located in

Appendix 4.

The information obtained from the survey was expanded into a skills analysis and mapped to existing competencies in RTE03 Rural

Production Training Package and 21704VIC Diploma of

Sustainable Agriculture. It provided information on the priorities relevant to sustainable agriculture from the perspective of industry.

These priorities ranking from most important include: financial management; soil management; production management; legislation and OHS; water management; risk management; enterprise management; energy management; natural resource management; technology; community engagement; genetic development.

The steering committee agreed that aspects of the course related to sustainable farm management and business operations should be reviewed. The main issue raised was, since the development of the accredited curriculum the concept of sustainable agriculture has become even more significant in the long term future of

Agriculture in Australia. Sustainable agriculture practices are relevant to all aspects of farming across Australia and involve the key principles of:

• enhancing farm productivity over the long term

• adverse impacts on the natural resource base are minimised and avoided

• residues resulting from the use of chemicals in agriculture are minimised

• net social benefit from agriculture is maximised

• farming systems are sufficiently flexible to manage risks associated with the vagaries of climate and markets.

3.2 Review for reaccreditation

Standards 1 and 2 for Accredtied Courses

The Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture is submitted as a replacement for the 21704VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture which is accredited from 1 January 2006 until 30 June 2011.

RTOs delivering the course were contacted in 2009 to review the course, it was agreed that aspects of the course related to sustainable farming practices and business operations should be reviewed. This was supported by the State Agriculture Teacher

Network.

Both industry and RTOs support the development of a replacement course that maximises the use of national units of competency where possible while meeting the needs identified previously of the Sustainable Agriculture industry. A summary of the key changes to the existing Diploma are as follows:

• nine State accredited units from the superseded course have been retained

• one State accredited unit from the superseded course has been modified and retained

• five training package units of competency from the superseded course have been retained

• eight training package units of competency have been added to the qualification to replace superseded units of competency or units of competency that are not relevant to agriculture.

The Training Package RTE03 Rural Production does not provide specifically for Sustainable Agriculture, however there are a number of units that contribute to the Sustainability concept and these units of competency have been included in the Diploma of

Sustainable Agriculture. The skills and knowledge contained in the State endorsed units of competency is not included in any units of competency from the Training Packages.

The following table provides a summary of the units of competency changes:

21704VIC

VBP147

VBP148

VBP499

RTE5516A

VBP149

VBP150

VBP151

VBP152

VBP153

VBP154

VBP155

VBP477

RTE56O7A

RTE5524A

RTD5402A

RTE5014A



New Course Equivalent

VBP147

VBP148

VBP154

VBP155

VBP477

AHCNAR506A

AHCPMG503A

AHCBAC501A

Equivalent

Equivalent

VBP499

AHCAGB505A

VBP149

VBP150

Equivalent

Equivalent

Equivalent

Equivalent

AHCBAC503A

VBP152 Equivalent

VBP153 Equivalent

Equivalent

Equivalent

Equivalent

No equivalence

Equivalent

Equivalent

Equivalent

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BSBMGY503A

BSBMGT507A

4. Course outcomes

AHCBUS508A

BSBMGT610A

PSPPOLD401A

PSPPOLD501A

RTE6503A AHCWRK505A

AHCOHS401A

AHCLSK501A

AHCAGB501A

AHCCCF505A

AHCCCF504A

AHCBAC503A

AHCWRK501A

Standards 1, 2 and 3 for Accredited Courses

Partial equivale nce

No equivalence

No equivalence

No equivalence

No equivalence

Partial equivale nce

No equivalence

No equivalence

No equivalence

No equivalence

No equivalence

No equivalence

No equivalence

4.1 Qualification level

4.2 Employability skills

The Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture is consistent with diploma qualifications as defined in the AQF Implementation

Handbook . It enables an individual to:

• demonstrate understanding of a broad knowledge base incorporating theoretical concepts, with substantial depth in some areas as in the introduction of new practices into farm production systems

• analyse and plan approaches to technical problems or management requirements including the implementation and management of risk assessment, forecasting, sustainable practices and environmental assessment

• transfer and apply theoretical concepts and technical skills to a range of situations as including developing a plan for sustainable production, the use of genetic breeding to improve livestock and soil and water management to increase nutritional value of crop, pasture and livestock production

• evaluate information, using it to forecast for planning purposes in the evaluation of breeding programs, the prevention of land degradation, in establishing an integrated pest management program and developing budgets

• take responsibility for own outputs in relation to broad quantity and quality parameters including planning for strategic water use, the protection and management of natural areas and the improvement of market performance in the application of bio-technology in the production system

• undertake responsibility for the achievement of group outcomes in the application of OHS processes and training in quality assurance practices.


Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture

Communication

Reading and interpreting workplace related documentation

Writing to audience needs



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Interpreting the needs of internal/external customers

Establishing/using networks

Teamwork

Working with diverse individuals and groups

Applying knowledge of own role as a part of a team

Applying teamwork skills to a range of situations

4.3 Recognition given to the course (if applicable)

4.4 Licensing/ regulatory requirements (if applicable)

Identifying and using the strengths of other team members

Problem solving

Developing practical and creative solutions to workplace problems

Applying a range of strategies in problem solving

Listening to and resolving concerns in relation to workplace issues

Initiative and enterprise

Identifying opportunities that might not be obvious to others

Generating a range of options in response to workplace matters

Translating ideas into action

Developing innovative solutions

Planning and organisation

Taking initiative and making decisions within workplace role

Working within or establishing clear project goals and deliverables

Determining or applying required resources

Allocating people and other resources to tasks and workplace requirements

Self-management

Having a personal vision and goals

Articulating own ideas and vision

Monitoring and evaluating own performance

Taking responsibility at the appropriate level

Learning

Being open to learning, new ideas and techniques

Learning in order to accommodate change

Managing own learning

Technology

Using technology and related workplace equipment

Using technology to organise data

Applying technology as a management tool

Not applicable

No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this course at the time of publication.

5. Course rules


5.1 Course structure

Standards 2,6 and 7 for Accredited Courses

To be awarded the qualification, Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture, participants are required to complete 10 units of competency:



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• four core units of competency

• six elective units of competency. Four electives must be from Group A electives and two can be from either Group A or

Group B electives.

Units may be completed in any order.

If the qualification is not completed, a Statement of Attainment will be issued for the units(s) of competency successfully completed.

Unit of competency code

Field of

Education code

(6-digit)

Unit of competency title

Pre- requisite

CORE UNITS

AHCOHS401A

AHCNAR506A

AHCAGB505A

AHCBUS508A

Maintain OHS processes

Develop and implement sustainable land use strategies

Develop a whole farm plan

Prepare and monitor budgets and financial reports

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

VBP147

VBP148

VBP149

VBP150

VBP477

VBP152

VBP153

VBP154

VBP155

VBQU076

059999

010709

010709

050101

059999

050105

050101

050101

059999

509999

ELECTIVE UNITS

GROUP A

Develop and manage a plan for sustainable supply and use of water on a farm

Nil

Manage soils to enhance sustainability

Nil

Manage erosion and sediment control Nil

Nil Develop and manage a plan to reclaim land affected by salinity

Improve agricultural sustainability using renewable energy and recycling systems

Nil

Nil Plan, monitor and evaluate strategies to improve livestock through genetics

Select and implement a Geographic

Information System (GIS) for sustainable agricultural systems

Implement the introduction of bio- technology into the production systems

Develop and manage a plan for sustainable production reflecting organic, biodynamic and biological farming principles

Develop and manage a plan to improve biodiversity on a farm

Nil

Nil

Nil

Nil

MSS015002A

AHCPMG503A

AHCBAC501A

AHCLSK501A

AHCAGB501A

AHCWRK505A

AHCCCF505A

AHCCCF504A

AHCBAC503A

ELECTIVE UNITS

GROUP B

Develop strategies for more sustainable use of resources

Nil

Develop a strategy for the management of target pests

Nil

Manage agricultural crop production Nil

Manage livestock production Nil

Develop climatic risk management strategies

Nil

Manage trial and/or research material Nil

Nil Contribute to regional planning process

Support group and community changes In resource management

Nil

Manage integrated crop and pasture production

Nil



4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

5

5

7

14

12

14

10

6

6

10

8

8

6

10

12

18

12

14

12

10

10

6

8

6

12

70

140

120

140

100

120

180

120

140

120

100

100

60

80

60

60

60

100

80

80

60

100

120

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AHCWRK501A Plan, implement and review a quality assurance program

Total nominal hours

Nil

Qualification profile (lowest level then lowest points where there is a choice of electives)

5 12 120

870 - 1170

Credit Matrix Total Points No. of units/modules

Level 8

Level 7

Level 6

Level 5 80

Level 4 7

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

Enabling

Total 87

5.2 Entry requirements

6. Assessment

6.1 Assessment strategy

9

1

10


This course is open to people planning to develop sustainable farming practices or wishing to develop their knowledge in this area and to new entrants to the industry.

Participants should be advised that successful completion of this qualification requires a range of skills in writing, reading, speaking and performance of calculations, including the ability to:

• understand and use appropriate vocabulary specific to the field of sustainability and agriculture

• construct, read and interpret data in a range of business documents, operational plans, regulations and agricultural documents, which is likely to include information that is graphically presented

• communicate clearly with a range of individuals internal and to external to the enterprise, including government and community groups and as a part of a team using a range of communication strategies: oral and written, informal and formal language where negotiation skills may be required

• write clear and detailed procedural and operational plans for staff

• analyse and communicate mathematical information through the use of computer programs, symbols, graphics, diagrams and charts.

Learners are best equipped to achieve the course outcomes in the

Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture if they have minimum language, literacy and numeracy skills that are equivalent to Level

4 of the Australian Core Skill Framework. Details can be found on website: http://www.acsf.deewr.gov.au

.


All assessment must be consistent with the requirements of

Standard1, Element 1.5 of the AQTF Essential Conditions and

Standards for Continuing Registration.

Assessment for the units of competency from the endorsed

Training Packages must be in accordance with the assessment



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture guidelines incorporated in the endorsed component of each package. For units of competency specifically developed for this course the assessment strategy to be adopted is identified within the units.

Training organisations are required under Standards approved by the National Quality Council and the registering authority to provide quality training and assessment across all of its operations.

Specifically, assessment including RPL:

• meets the requirements of the relevant Training Package or accredited course

• is conducted in accordance with the principles of assessment and the rules of evidence, and

• meets workplace and, where relevant, regulatory requirements

• is systematically validated.

RPL will be granted on the provision of evidence by the applicant that substantiates the recognition application.

Evidence may include evidence of work done by the applicant, reports, third party reports and evidence of other relevant training completed.

For RPL to be granted the course applicant must provide quality evidence that s/he:

• has attained the competencies described in the unit/s of

• competency that are being claimed possesses the required underpinning knowledge specified in the unit/s of competency

• possesses current competency in the unit/s that are being claimed

• has applied the relevant competencies in a context that is applicable to Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture.

The evidence, which has been gathered by the assessor or the candidate as proof of current competency may take a variety of forms and could include certification, references from past employers, testimonials from clients and work samples.

Notwithstanding the above, course providers will be required to adopt an assessment strategy that:

• incorporates continual feedback of individual progress toward, and achievement of competencies

• addresses skills and knowledge required for performance

• gathers sufficient evidence to judge achievement of progress towards determining competence

• utilises a variety of different processes/sources, i.e. written, oral, observation, projects

• recognises achievement of elements/competencies regardless of where the learning took place

• fosters a collaborative and co-operative relationship between the learner and assessor

• is flexible in regard to the range and type of evidence provided by the learner

• provides opportunity for the learner to challenge assessment provisions and participate in reassessment

• is equitable and fair to all learners



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• does not unnecessarily restrict the progress of a learner through the course

• comprises a clear statement of both the criteria and assessment process

• selects assessment tools to suit the needs of particular clients or client groups (e.g. clients with special needs) or to suit the needs of an enterprise

• incorporates the employability skills within industry specific competencies

• includes arrangements to advise students of and facilitate RPL processes.

Where possible, an integrated approach to assessment is suggested in relation to the competency outcomes of the qualification.

Integration, in this instance, refers to elements and performance criteria from the unit of competency being linked together for assessment.

It should be noted that the principles of competency-based training allow for assessment at the element level as the work outcome and that the performance criteria indicate the standards by which the element should be assessed.

Assessment will best occur in a combination of workshop activity in combination with field activity, or as simulations which closely reflect on field activities.

Assessment of the competency of candidates will be based on:

• practical demonstration of skill in an industry or simulated environment, as in the care of stud stock, and the management of livestock production

• completion of written or oral assessment activities, as in the establishment and maintenance of computerised record keeping systems, development of a business plan, a marketing plan and a range of operational plans

• completion of in-class or workshop based assignments or question sheets or tests, as in consideration of a range of case studies

• third party reports

• completion of log books

• collection of evidence on a number of occasions and in a variety of contexts and situations

• be appropriate to the skills, knowledge, methods of delivery and needs/characteristics of the learners

• recognition of prior learning.

Assessment methods must include more than one of the following:

• practical application and demonstration of skills

• oral presentations

• written assignments, tests and projects

• work-based activities and projects including the maintenance of log books

• action research projects

• case studies.

This course can be assessed either in the workplace or off-the-job or through a combination of both.



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6.2 Assessor competencies Standard 12 for Accredited Courses

Assessor competencies for this course are consistent with the requirements of Standard 1.4 of the AQTF Essential Conditions and Standards for Continuing Registration.

Standard 1.4 requires trainers and assessors:

• have the training and assessment competencies as determined by the National Quality Council or its successors, and

• have the relevant vocational competencies at least to the level being delivered or assessed, and

• can demonstrate current industry skills directly relevant to the training/assessment being undertaken, and

• continue to develop their VET knowledge and skills as well as their industry currency and trainer/assessor competence.

In addition to the above it is recommended that assessors have comprehensive and current knowledge of the industry and the job or role against which performance is being assessed. Assessors should also have appropriate interpersonal and communication skills.

Alternatively, a panel, team or partnership approach involving assessors and technical experts whereby the assessment is conducted by a team/panel/partnership in which at least one assessor has the competencies determined by the National Quality

Council (NQC) and the other assessor(s) have the relevant vocational competencies, at least to the level being assessed.

7. Delivery

7.1 Delivery modes Standard 11 for Accredited Courses

This course is available for full-time or part-time study. Providers should endeavour to be flexible in the way the training is delivered to ensure they meet the needs of the client group. The course aims to develop practical competencies within an industry setting.

Practical demonstrations and opportunity for application are considered to provide the most suitable strategy to reflect the objectives of the course and the background to its development.

The use of suitable worksheets and assignments is also recommended where appropriate.

An emphasis on safety must be integrated and reinforced at all times.

Participants will commence training in the Diploma of Sustainable

Agriculture by negotiating an individual training plan appropriate for their individual skill development needs and workplace requirements.

For the imported units, RTOs must follow the contextualisation arrangements as outlined in the customisation guidelines in the

AHC10 Agriculture/Horticulture/Conservation and Land

Management and MSS11Sustainabiltiy Training Package

Contextualisation of the course is allowed and must be consistent with the Guidelines for the Customisation of Accredited Courses .

The following rules apply:

• Elements and associated Performance Criteria must not be



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture altered in any way

• the Range Statement may be expanded as long as it does not increase the complexity of the unit

• the Evidence Guide may be expanded as long as it retains the integrity of the unit and does not jeopardise the student’s potential to achieve the competency

• learning and assessment resources may be tailored to the specific needs of the target group, while maintaining their validity.

7.2 Resources


Providers should endeavour to be flexible in the way the training is delivered to ensure they meet the needs of the client group. This course aims to develop practical competencies within an industry setting. Practical demonstration and opportunity for application are considered to provide the most suitable strategy to achieve the objectives of the course. The use of worksheets, assignments and simulations is also recommended where appropriate.

To complete the Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture, access is required to a practicing farming enterprise, which includes the range of resources appropriate to the sector. For this to occur, providers and enterprises may form partnerships to deliver realistic and authentic training and assessment.

Access is also required to classrooms, library and a computer laboratory and a range of relevant computer software.

Access is required to current industry materials, equipment and facilities as listed in the resource implications within each competency.

Specialised facilities and resources are outlined in the units.

Trainer vocational competencies must be as specified in Standard

1.4 of the AQTF Essential Conditions and Standards for

Registered Continuing Registration i.e., the RTO must ensure that training is delivered by a person who:

• have the training and assessment competencies as determined by the National Quality Council or its successors, and

• have the relevant vocational competencies at least to the level being delivered or assessed, and

• can demonstrate current industry skills directly relevant to the training/assessment being undertaken, and

• continue to develop their VET knowledge and skills as well as their industry currency and trainer/assessor competence.

8. Pathways and articulation Standard 8 for Accredited courses

Units may be completed in any order.

The following range of pathways is available to participants who wish to complete the Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture:

• work based training and assessment

• RTO based training and assessment

• part RTO and part work-based training and assessment



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9. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation

• recognition of prior learning combined with further training as required

• full-time or part-time study.

The appropriate pathway for individual participants must be negotiated with the training provider. Delivery and assessment modes for each pathway must be consistent with the mandatory requirements noted in the course units of competence.

No formal articulation arrangements are in place. However, as the course includes units from the following Training Packages;

AHC10 Agriculture/Horticulture/Conservation and Land

Management and MSS11, participants who have successfully completed these units may apply for credit transfer of those units in the relevant qualifications.

Standard 13 for Accredited courses

Ongoing monitoring and evaluation of the course is the responsibility of the Primary Industries Curriculum Maintenance

Manager (PICMM) throughout the period of accreditation.

PICMM should ensure that the content remains relevant and that teaching strategies are appropriate to the content.

Ongoing monitoring and evaluation will ensure that:

• the course continues to meet current and changing needs of the agriculture industry

• changes in legislation and regulations are monitored

• development of any relevant national competency standards are monitored

• developments in assessment methodology are reflected

• feedback from clients is reflected.

To assist with this a reference committee will be established by the

Curriculum Maintenance Manager, comprising relevant representatives from the industry and registered training organisations, to advise on any changes relating to ongoing delivery of this course. The committee will meet at the mid point of the accreditation period to formally review the course; and, monitor and evaluate course standards, delivery and assessment. In providing advice for required changes, it will include a consideration of client feedback as provided through training organisations. Any documented changes will be reported to the

VRQA.

Course maintenance and review procedures may also indicate that the course in total should be expired if a suitable qualification becomes available through the development, review or continuous improvement process of a Training Package.



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AHCAGB505A

AHCBUS508A

AHCNAR506A

AHCOHS401A

VBP147

VBP148

VBP149

VBP150

VBP477

VBP152

VBP153

VBP154

VBP155

VBQU076

AHCAGB501A

AHCBAC501A

AHCBAC503A

AHCCCF504A

AHCCCF505A

AHCLSK501A

AHCPMG503A

AHCWRK505A

AHCWRK501A

MSS015002A


Section C: Units of competency

Unit of competency code

Unit of competency title

CORE UNITS

Develop a whole farm plan

Prepare and monitor budgets and financail reports


Maintain OHS processes

ELECTIVES GROUP A

Develop and manage a plan for sustainable supply and use of water on a farm

Manage soils to enhance sustainability

Manage erosion and sediment control

Develop and manage a plan to reclaim land affected by salinity

Improve agricultural sustainability using renewable energy and recycling systems

Plan, monitor and evaluate strategies to improve livestock through genetics

Select and implement a Geographic Information System (GIS) for sustainable agricultural systems

Implement the introduction of bio-technology into the production systems

Develop and manage a plan for sustainable production reflecting organic, biodynamic and biological farming principles

Develop and manage a plan to improve biodiversity on a farm

ELECTIVES GROUP B

Develop climatic risk management strategies

Manage agricultural crop production

Manage integrated crop and pasture production

Support group and community changes In resource management

Contribute to regional planning process

Manage livestock production

Develop a strategy for the management of target pests

Manage trial and/or research material

Plan, implement and review a quality assurance program




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VBP 147 Develop and manage a plan for sustainable supply and use of water on a farm

Unit Descriptor

This competency covers the development and management of a plan to provide a reliable supply of quality water on a property. The plan will review trading rules and regulations and the costs associated with supply and use of all classes of water. Testing of water is undertaken to assess suitable quality for stock, domestic and irrigation purposes. The plan will include efficient use of minimum quantity of water and maintain the quality of the water in storage and the reticulation system. New farming practices can be improved by the selection and management of pastures and crops. Water is managed to protect sensitive areas from degradation. New and innovative methods of treatment and re-cycling are assessed. The quality of water leaving the farm and down- stream impact is monitored.

No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of publication.

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills.

Application of the

Unit

This unit is applicable to persons who have a role in managing the farm.

This unit is likely to require consultation with external experts, such as water authorities, shire council planning personnel, irrigation suppliers and State Government departments for example the Department of

Primary Industry and the Department of Sustainability and Environment.

ELEMENT

Elements describe the essential outcomes of a unit of competency.

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Performance criteria describe the required performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. Where bold italicised text is used, further information is detailed in the required skills and knowledge and/or the range statement. Assessment of performance is to be consistent with the evidence guide.

1. Develop a plan for strategic and sustainable use of water on the farm

1.1 Determine the feasibility of trading water on the short term profitability of the farm and the long term implications.

1.2 Contact the authorities to determine rules and regulations for the trading and use of water.

1.3 Investigate the availability of different classes of water and the regulations for its use and select suitable crops for each class.

1.4 Select appropriate recycling options in the whole farm plan.



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1.5 Analyse purification options on the basis of their merits and suitability for the environment and the enterprise

1.6 Evaluate information from water management specialists and incorporate in relevant aspects of water management

1.7 Review options, develop and implement strategies to use water efficiently by computer controlled irrigation systems and remote operation.

2. Design a water supply and management system for the farm

2.1 Identify planning parameters that affect the design of the water system.

2.2 Carry out water testing to determine the suitability for stock, crops, pesticide and domestic use.

2.3 Draw a plan and layout of a farm water system, including provision for drainage, recycling and back up water supply.

3.1 Develop a strategy to protect the areas susceptible to 3. Develop and implement a plan to protect watercourses and water quality on the farm degradation and contamination.

3.2 Identify the environmental implication of water use and run off.

3.3 Work with community groups to plan a strategy for water quality improvement in the district.

3.4 Develop a strategy to improve the biodiversity of water storage areas and watercourses

REQUIRED SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

This describes the essential skills and knowledge, and their level, required for this unit.

Required skills:

These include the ability to:

• Analyse weather patterns, rainfall and variability

• Take water samples for testing and interpret test results

• Fence eroded areas, dams, streams and rivers to protect vegetation and water quality

• Research and source a wide range of local indigenous plants specific to revegetation area

• Select pasture and crop species

• Construct drains and effluent collection sites

• Calculate the total farm water requirement for the enterprise, natural areas, farmhouse and garden

• Analyse financial return from purchased water

• Irrigate crops and pastures efficiently

• Map erosion, salt and problem areas

• Compare pumps and other equipment for energy efficiency

• Calculate the cost of production including purchased water, storage, transfer and application

• Fill out applications and forms for licensing and registration



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Required knowledge:

This includes the knowledge of:

• The variation and risk associated with weather patterns

• Volume of water used for production and living

• The classes of water required for production

• The various sources of water and suitable storage

• Methods of water quality testing

• Water efficient pasture and native species

• Crop cultivation methods for moisture retention and optimum production

• Efficient irrigation practice

• Methods of recycling water

• The water cycle

• The impact of water shortage on natural systems

• The causes and consequences of contaminated water

• The legal aspects of licensing, registration and trading of water

• Methods of transferring water using renewable energy

• Appropriate management when water and rain are limited

• Water purchasing and water trading policies and procedures

RANGE STATEMENT

The Range Statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording in the Performance

Criteria is detailed below. Add any essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts.

What authorities might be contacted ?

State Government regulations are administered by the

Department of Primary Industry and the Department of

Sustainability and Environment. Federal Government laws cover all aspects of water collection, water use, water storage; water flows onto and through a property with regard to quantity and quality. Local water authorities must be contacted for an application to drill a bore, register a dam or bore, de- commission a bore and purchase water.

What options are considered for purification of water?

The options vary considerably from natural filtering systems to more sophisticated chemical and mechanical purification.

Purification costs must be considered and offset by the production returns or the benefits to the whole farm and the community.

What parameters should be considered in planning the design of the water system ?

Parameters to be considered include:

- Amount of annual rainfall and the distribution

- Risk of severe weather events

- Records and forecasts of weather pattern from various weather prediction models at the Bureau of Meteorology and other forecasting sources

- Total volume and storage of the water required for sustainability and production



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- Quality of water required

- Source of water after determining the quality required

- Purchasing or selling of water

- Rules and regulations applicable to trading water

- Implications of water shortage and interruption to supply at critical times in the production cycle

- Pasture species to maximise water use

- Grazing methods which utilize pasture production

- Cropping methods and cultivation practices to conserve moisture

- Cost of production using different water sources

- Various enterprises and industry benchmarks for cost of production according to amount of water used

- Protecting natural systems and increase biodiversity

- Risks of contamination of the water course and land degradation

- Water reticulation and drainage according to the whole farm plan

- Effluent collection and treatment

- Use of reclaimed water and bio-solids

How is water quality tested and what may be identified through testing?

A water quality test kit is used to test samples for turbidity, salt level, phosphorous level, and dissolved oxygen. A sweep net is used to sample macro-invertebrates. The species present in the sample will give an indication of the water quality. Samples can be sent to commercial laboratories for testing.

What is included on the water supply plan and layout ?

The plan may include:

- Direction of the water flow across the property both permanent and intermittent

- Installed water system for stock supply

- Fences to protect the water storage and water system, wetlands and habitat

- Protection of susceptible areas from water erosion due to soil type or topography

- Location drains

- Wind or solar power for transfer of water

- Effluent storage and treatment

- Recycled water from sewage

- Drainage and contamination sites

What strategies should be used to prevent degradation and contamination ?

- Strategies might include:

- Strategic planting of trees and deep rooted pastures species to limit recharge of saline areas

- Review of farm practices including grazing management

- Fencing to a minimum of 10 metres on either side of the water and revegetating riparian zones with a diversity of local indigenous species including trees, understorey and grasses



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- Management of erosion

- Disposal of chemicals

- Prevention of movement of effluent from animal enterprise and silage

- Correct timing and application of fertiliser

- Proper disposal of dead animals

- Recycling or disposal of waste oil and battery fluid, plastic bags and silage wrap

- Monitoring the water table and salt level and change in the plant species

What implications might water use have on the environment ?

Drought situations may require negotiations with neighbours and water authorities to maintain production on private land and maintenance of public wetlands. Crop selection or reducing area under crop might be considered in the short term to achieve long-term health of the local habitat.

What community groups might be involved?

The community groups involved include State and Federal

Government, Shires, Water Authorities, Irrigation Suppliers, farmer groups, Greening Australia and Landcare. Community projects are valuable to monitor water quality over a wider area.

What will improve biodiversity ?

A diverse population of aquatic micro flora and fauna are important to maintain the quality of the water. Healthy population of soil micro flora and fauna in pastures are important to improve soil structure and moisture holding capacity. Calcium levels may need to be built up and the

Calcium/Magnesium ratio adjusted. The biodiversity of the surrounding bush, grassland and pasture support a range of plants and animals; the greater the biodiversity, the greater the resilience of the system to change.

EVIDENCE GUIDE

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the

Performance Criteria, Required Skills and Knowledge, the Range Statement and the Assessment section in Section B of the accreditation submission.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate

The candidate must be able to:

• Develop and implement a plan to manage a sustainable competency in this unit water source, storage and supply system for the farm

• Develop a plan for the maintenance of water quality on the farm for native flora and fauna and enterprise use

• Develop and implement a plan to minimize water loss, water contamination and off-site affect of water leaving the farm

• Develop a plan to modify farm management according to legislation, regulations and practices relating to water

• Identify policies and procedures in relation to water purchasing and water trading.



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Context of and specific resources for assessment

Specific resources required for assessment of this

Method of assessment competency include:

• A farm with a range of water resources

• Farm map and district plan

• Farm records and financial analysis

• Local saline area and underground water maps

• Various natural vegetation

• Pastures and crops

• Range of irrigation methods

For valid and reliable assessment of this unit, evidence should be gathered through a range of methods to indicate consistent performance.

It can be gathered from assessment of the unit of competency alone, through an integrated assessment activity or through a combination of both. Evidence should be gathered as part of the learning process where appropriate.

The following assessment methods are suggested;

• Practical exercise, for example in the sampling water and fencing eroding areas

• Written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of the legislation and regulations applicable to water purchases and water trading

• Written assignments including a calculation of the cost of production or drawing a plan of the farm water system

• Work-based products such as planning strategies for farming practices or developing a water management plan for the property

• Research information on local weather patterns

Consideration of case studies which may be from different geographical areas and rainfall zones.



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VBP 148 Manages soils to enhance sustainability

Unit Descriptor This competency standard covers the process of assessing soil characteristics, developing and implementing a plan to improve the health of soils, and monitoring and reviewing the results.

Soil chemistry, physical chemistry and biology are used in understanding the analysis of soil tests, and the importance of the role of soil biota in soil structure and plant nutrition. Strategies to combine improved production with improved soil biota are considered, and the opportunity to increase biodiversity by strategic use of unproductive land is covered.

Healthy soils are the basis of all sustainable land-based production systems. The principles of developing healthy soils involve improving soil structure, increasing soil macronutrients and micronutrients to optimum levels, balancing exchangeable cations, achieving optimum pH, eliminating toxic nutrient levels, and enhancing activity of soil biota.

Soil is the most valuable asset of the farmer. Farmers are the custodians of agricultural land and it their responsibility to maintain and improve it for the next generation.


Employability skills This unit contains employability skills .


Unit

This unit is applicable to persons who have a role in managing a land based production business. This unit is likely to require consultation with external experts, such as pasture consultants, fertiliser representatives, contractors, extension officers from State Agricultural Departments, agronomists and producer groups.

ELEMENT



Performance criteria describe the required performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. Where bold italicised text is used, further information is detailed in the required skills and knowledge and/or the range statement.

Assessment of performance is to be consistent with the evidence guide.

1.

Identify characteristics of Australian soils to assess their current health

1.1 Identify the common characteristics of Australian soils and their limitations.

1.2 Refer to a paddock assessment to establish soil characteristics .

1.3 Research soil biota and its relationship to soil fertility

1.4 Evaluate current production practices in terms of their possible contribution to land degradation and soil problems.



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1.5 Identify and select appropriate land preparation methods



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture matched to machinery and equipment to maintain and improve soil productivity and structure.

2.

Develop a plan to improve and maintain the health of soils

2.1 Identify the impact of weather and climate on operational activities on soil structure and fertility and develop contingency plans to account for climatic or other events.

2.2 Interpret soil test analysis and compare with historical data in the development of a plan.

2.3

2.4

Select required nutrient balance levels to improve soil fertility for effective use and uptake of plants.

Evaluate alternative strategies or products to improve soil fertility.

2.5

2.6

Develop a soil amendment strategy including soil ameliorating activities and soil ameliorant products to enhance sustainability of soil health

Select appropriate production crops suitable for soil type and climate for a land use rotation plan to improve and/or maintain soil productivity.

2.7

2.8

Determine soil conservation strategies to minimise soil erosion and increase soil capacity productivity and sustainability.

Assess the environmental implications of chemical use, consider and document alternative methods and organic preventive methods.

2.9 Develop a plan to improve and maintain the health of soils.

2.10 Develop a plan to monitor soil health and productivity

3.

2.11 Communicate the plan and the system to monitor and record soil health.

Implement plan for improvement and maintenance of a healthy soil

3.1 Implement a schedule for soil improvement taking into account seasonal, geographical and resource factors and stock/crop rotation.

3.2 Implement strategies to integrate the most suitable methods of soil improvement operations with the proposed land use rotation plan.

3.3 Determine key staff responsibilities for specific implementation processes and allocate duties.

3.4

3.5

Modify plan to meet all contingencies and communicate with appropriate staff.

Record soil management activities and file in the appropriate



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture manner.

4.

Review plan, implementation strategy and the outcomes and determine necessary modifications

4.1

4.2

Analyse effectiveness of the soil improvement management plan, through evaluation at key points , making adjustments as necessary.

Prepare recommendations for future strategies, based on the analysis of paddock observations and production data to further enhance soil ecosystem and production.



Required skills:


• Research information

• Assess soil type, texture and structure in the paddock

• Diagnose areas with soil problems or potential soil problems

• Diagnose and interpret soil sample test results and determine priorities for improving soil health

• Consider and select alternatives including organic products and methods for improving soil health

• Calculate amounts of nutrients required and prepare a fertiliser program which reflects needs and priorities

• Record and store information

• Develop, implement and evaluate a plan to achieve healthy soils through application of soil science

• Monitor soil health from the application of soil science

Required knowledge:

• Physical, chemical and biological properties of soils

• Soil biota – types, role in cycling nutrients and improving soil structure

• Basic chemistry concepts related to interpreting soil test analysis: symbols, elements and compounds; valency, anions, cations; reactions; EC (electrical conductivity), CEC (Cation

Exchange Capacity); organic matter; pH and its importance in the availability of nutrients; role of macronutrients and micronutrients in plant nutrition. Concept of limiting factors for production

• Basic biology: the chemical basis of plants and animals; basic plant structure and function; plant nutrition; water, proteins, sugar, nitrate, lignin content; extent and nature of soil micro organisms

• The natural cycling of nutrients: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and the role of soil biota in the cycles.

• Factors affecting soil biota: moisture, temperature, aeration, nutrient supply, pH, and organic matter

• Possibility of problems with the use of conventional chemical fertilisers including acidification contamination of soil and associated water contamination and harm to soil biota

• Alternative methods to improve soil fertility, including products and use of machinery for aeration and mulching

• Appropriate timing for fertiliser applications



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• Strategies to reduce herbicide use and to reduce and recycle waste.

• Soil conservation strategies and sustainable production techniques

• Underground water movement

• Data collection and record keeping

RANGE STATEMENT



What are some of the common characteristics of Australian soils?

Australian soils are seen as some of the oldest soils in the world. Since Europeans have settled the land and begun farming we have tried to apply practices not suitable to this environment. Some common characteristics of Australian soils are :

- Low fertility levels

- Low organic matter

- Low cation exchange capacity

- Shallow depth of topsoil

What physical soil characteristics might be identified in the paddock?

Some of the physical characteristics of the soil may include:

- Soil consistency, structure (including slaking and dispersion) and texture

- Topsoil depth

- Soil smell

- Presence of carbonates

- Quality of the seedbed tilth to maximise seed germination

- Resistance to emerging seedling through poor seed bed preparation

- Soil compaction

- Depth of root growth, root health and colour

- Water holding capacity and water infiltration

- Living organism diversity

- Earthworm numbers- as a general indicator of soil health

- Degree of dispersability of soil

What soil types identified? might be

Soil is formed from the gradual breakdown of parent rock through the weathering processes to form soil minerals.

These mineral particle ratios or mixtures of different sizes will determine soil type: clay, loam, clay/loam, silt/loam, etc.

Soil types can differ in characteristics and can be identified by the colour, structure, texture, consistency, degree of acidity or alkalinity, percentages of sand, silt and clay.

In Australia, a number of soil types may be found in various combinations on the same property or district. Soil types are further classified by the terminology ‘Australian Soil



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Classification’ (Isbell 1996) as a national standard framework of reference for 10 main soil types found in Australia, providing a more definitive description of soil type and their properties than terms such as ‘sandy loam.’ Some

‘ASC’ soil type names include:

- Calcarosol- containing calcium and carbonates (Limestone, calcrete)

- Chromosols- neutral soil, neither high in acid or sodium

- Dermosols- strongly acid in high rainfall areas and highly alkaline if they contain carbonate

(http://www.grdc.com.au/growers/oft/soiltype.htm)

What are some other indicators of soil fertility?

Other indicators of the current condition of the soil and its health are reflected in the types of plants growing in the area.

For example:

- Barley grass indicates good levels of nutrients available

- Dock indicates poor water drainage

- Capeweed indicates good fertility but lack of competition from desirable plant species

- Bare areas indicates possible salinity

- Typical plant symptoms of plant nutrient deficiency or toxicity

- Reduced productivity

How might soil biota soil fertility? affect Good soil biota population is the basis for sustainable soil fertility. It consists of a very diverse range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, protozoa and arthropods. Some organisms are pathogenic, some are beneficial.

These macro and micro-organisms decompose organic matter and cycle nutrients, making them available to the plants; they enhance soil structure, control populations of soil organisms, including pests, and break down toxic substances

What factors may cause land degradation and soil

problems?

Land degradation and soil problems may include: dry-land and irrigation salinity, sodicity, wind and water erosion, bare areas, poor pasture species, poor production, weeds, soil compaction, water-logging and poor water quality.

Nutrient deficiencies may be a cause or symptom of soil problems.

Other factors that may lead to problems may include:

- Land clearing

- Pesticides and herbicides

- Acidifying fertilisers

- Inappropriate tillage practices, including selection of machinery, inappropriate machinery use or timing of operations

- Over grazing and poor grazing management

- Burning



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- Mechanical fallow

What types of land preparation methods could be used to help improve soil fertility?

• Machinery tillage methods (no-till and direct seeding methods, conventional seedbed preparation)

• Prickle chaining to semi-bury stubble residue

• Heavy diamond point harrows

• Spray grazing and spray topping of pastures

• Grazing strategies

What types of machinery and equipment could be used to help improve soil fertility?

• Zero and minimum tillage equipment using narrow points

• Boom spray

• GIS and GPS technology

• Sod, slot, and disc seeder to minimise soil disturbance

• Contour banking equipment

• Aerators

• Mulchers

How might the use of types of machinery and equipment help improve soil productivity?

Modern agricultural techniques largely reflect the improvements in machinery that have the ability to handle larger amounts of previous crop residues and reduce the loss of valuable nutrients and carbon from the system. As a result, this helps create a situation to improve:

- The capacity of the soil to produce plant material

- Yields of crop and pasture production

- Availability of nutrients to the plant

What types of information are to be gained from conducting a soil test analysis ?

Soil test analysis can be used to provide an accurate assessment and evaluation of the current status of soil. Test results may include:

- Soil pH

- Cation Exchange Capacity and the balance of cations

- Toxicity levels eg Aluminium, sodium

- Carbon content/organic matter

- Approximate nutrient levels in soil

- Suggested optimum levels of nutrients

- Trace elements

Appropriate action may include:

- Selection of most suitable fertiliser types

- Calculation of application rates

- Timing of applications

- Liming or Gypsum applications

What factors may influence soil fertility ?

Soil fertility is the combination of three components. They



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture are the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil. The biological status of the soil is the quickest to respond and change, providing early warning signs of land degradation and assisting changes to more sustainable land management practices. Some of the factors that influence soil fertility are:

- The ability of soil to hold plant nutrients and nutrient availability to plants

- Soil water availability to the plant root system

- Percentage of organic matter found in soil

- Carbon to nitrogen ratio

- Nitrogen fixing bacteria

- Organic and non-organic fertilisers

- Soil temperature

- Cation exchange capacity

- Soil pH .

What alternative strategies could be considered?

Alternative strategies could include:

- Use of green manure crops; increasing calcium levels; adding organic matter and aeration of soils to improve soil biota activity and utilising nutrients that are locked up.

- Organic matter may include mulched pasture/plant tissue, organic nutrients, crop residues, worm castings, composted paper and cardboard, grass clippings, sawdust and seaweed.

- Use of parasitic controls that are dung beetle friendly and strategic use of herbicides to minimise frequency of use and concentration. Use of biological controls.

Alternative products and/or strategies could include:

- Use of animal manures, guano, reactive rock phosphate; use of potassium sulphate instead of potassium chloride. Selection of the fertiliser which is least acidifying; use of compost, fishmeal and kelp products.

What types of soil ameliorating activities and practices may help improve soil friability?

• Alleviating soil compaction by using aerator and balancing the calcium/magnesium ratio

• Modifications to soil drainage or moisture holding capacity

• Practices that increase levels of organic matter

What types of soil ameliorant products may be applied?

• pH modifying agents such as lime

• Structure modifying agents such as gypsum and artificial structure additives

• Organic matter

• Animal organic products

• Flocculating agents

• Texture modifications

• Wetting and water retention agents

What are the objectives of

Sustainability includes the following objectives:



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture sustainability for agriculture? - Increasing productivity and profit from the production system

- Decreasing water use in the production system

- Protecting the on farm natural resources

- Creating more opportunities for biodiversity

- Reducing off-site impacts from the production system

- Job satisfaction for farmers

What types of land use rotation might be used?

What is the objective of soil

capacity productivity?

What could be some environmental implications from chemicals and other products?

• Broad acre continuous cropping

• Ley farming systems

• Pastures in a grazing system including cell grazing

• Green manuring or sacrifice crop

• Break crops bred for disease resistance

• Vegetable production

• Production horticultural crops including stone fruits, herbs, grapevines and olives

The objective is to increase the depth of soil to maintain a healthy plant system below the surface of the soil.

• Mass movement of phosphates, nitrates and ground water

• Fertiliser and nitrates run-off causing algal blooms

• Herbicide and pesticide effects on living biology of soil and grazing animals

• Run off

• Herbicides and pesticides that may affect soil biota and earthworms

To whom is the plan to be communicated ?

• Agronomists

• Fertiliser representatives

• Farming partners and staff

What are some techniques that may be used to monitor soil health?

Ways to monitor soil health may include:

- Taking annual soil tests

- Annual soil biota tests

- Annual visual assessment of soil structure and health

- Annual earthworm counts

- Sampling to be undertaken at the same time of year, and in the same place each year.

What types of seasonal, geographical and resource factors may affect the scheduling of operations?

• Forecast of heavy rain events when application of fertiliser is scheduled

• Late seasonal break

• Lack of rain in growing season

• Summer rainfall where weed germination may occur

• Flood

• Long term drought conditions



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• Use of contractors to complete operations in a timely manner

• Staffing

What are the key points for evaluation of the program?

Evaluation includes the collation and analysis of production data, paddock observations and review of the soil improvement plan.

- Improvement in productivity - Change in production level will be measured, e.g. crop production, pasture growth rates, improvement in species composition of pastures, milk production, kg of meat produced per hectare.

- Improvement in soil fertility – measured by comparison of soil tests

- Improved profitability

- Increase in biodiversity of the soil

- Improved water quality from reduced fertiliser and chemical run-off into waterways and dams.

- Improved stock health

Improved farmer job satisfaction

EVIDENCE GUIDE

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the

Performance Criteria, Required Skills and Knowledge, the Range Statement and the Assessment section in Section B of the accreditation submission.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit



• Critically analyse current soil status and identify essential elements of healthy soils

• Develop a plan to improve and maintain a healthy soil

• Implement plan for improvement and maintenance of healthy soil

• Review the plan in terms of the intended outcomes of achieving healthy soils and make modifications .

Specific resources required for assessment of this competency include:

- access to a land based business or case study

- farm/property and district map

- soil test analysis

- soil biota analysis

- land based business historical production records and financial analysis

- historical land use program records.

Method of assessment For valid and reliable assessment of this unit, evidence



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture should be gathered from a range of methods to provide consistent performance.

This unit can be assessed as a stand-alone unit of competency, integrated assessment tasks with another unit of competency or through a combination of both. Evidence should be gathered as part of the learning process where appropriate.

The following assessment methods are suggested:

- practical exercises, for example assessing the current status of the soil health and structure, evaluating operational activities and communication skills

- written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of soil physical properties, soil chemistry, diagnosing and interpreting soil test results and plant nutrition through soil management

- completion of learning materials, including analysis of learners’ own properties and circumstances, case studies and management plans

- development of a product or plan to improve the health and fertility of soil

- third party report to support the evidence gathered

- consideration of case studies which may be from a different geographical area and rainfall zone to assess learners ability to transfer skills and knowledge and problem solving abilities.



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VBP 149

Unit Descriptor

Conduct a property/

Employability skills


Unit

ELEMENT essential outcomes of a unit of competency.

1.

Elements describe the catchment audit

Manage erosion and sediment control

This unit of competency covers the development and implementation of a plan to address existing erosion problems and to prevent further erosion and sediment problems. The development of the plan will address the relevant legislation and issues associated with land disturbing projects. It requires the ability to identify and establish suitable strategies. Develop, implement and monitor an erosion and sediment strategy and manage the project from implementation through to completion to achieve required outcomes.

Planning and managing erosion and sediment control measures requires a knowledge of relevant environmental, planning and ground water legislation, erosion and sediment control techniques, setting work specifications and objectives for the property and/or catchment system.


This unit contains employability skills.

This unit is applicable to persons who have a role in the managing of the following land based business:


Performance criteria describe the required performance needed to demonstrate

1.1

- Agricultural related industries

- Production Horticulture

- Agro- Forestry

- Natural resource management

- Roadside management and civil construction

- Extractive mining industries

This unit will require consultation with external experts such as land management consultants, planning authorities, Catchment

Management Authority, Landcare, State and Federal Government

Departments who provide advice, contractors, neighbours and other interested groups achievement of the element. Where bold italicised text is used, further information is detailed in the required skills and knowledge and/or the range statement.


Identify soils susceptible to erosion and sediment loss and relationship to land classes for erosion potential. and identify areas with erosion and sediment problems

1.2

1.3

1.4

Conduct a property or site audit appropriate methodology

Identify and classify and document details using types of erosion and sediment loss

Identify the environmental and man made factors that influence rates and effects of erosion and sediment.



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1.5 Estimate the economic and environmental losses caused by erosion and sediment losses

1.6 Identify appropriate external sources of support to assist in the planning processes.

1.7 Identify relevant regulatory planning authorities or environmental legislation for current project and future planning developments.

2. Develop erosion and sediment control plan

2.1 Investigate erosion and sediment control measures consistent with nine industry principles .

2.2 Develop erosion and sediment control strategy/s for project area and record in co-operation with land owner, relevant government and planning authorities and any other key stakeholders .

2.3 Identify potential problems that may require future rectification and modification to original strategies

2.4 Develop erosion and sediment control plan to meet design specifications including environmental concerns, physical impacts, land use, production systems and key personnel.

2.5 Develop monitoring processes for evaluating and reporting performance against erosion and sediment control plan for achieving short and long-term outcomes .

2.6 Determine roles and responsibilities to all key personnel and stakeholders.

3

4.

Implement and manage the erosion and sediment control plan

Evaluate the erosion and sediment control plan

3.1 Implement tasks in accordance with erosion and sediment control plan and structure specification

3.2 Manage the communication process including strategies for conflict resolution and problem solving.

3.3 Monitor progress to ensure time, performance, cost and quality of work is achieved.

3.4 Investigate and negotiate proposed variations in consultation with all key stakeholders.

4.1 Conduct inspection to review work completion and collate monitoring data.

4.2 Identify alterations or modifications to the development plan and report to industry sector personnel, developer or consenting authority.

4.3 Review outcomes of completed erosion and sediment control plan against agreed short and long term objectives and report to all key stakeholders



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This describes the essential skills and knowledge, and their level, required for this unit

Required skills:


• Identify appropriate erosion and sediment control strategy methods

• Prepare plans and reports on erosion and sediment control plans

• Develop an erosion and sediment control plan

• Effectively communicate and collaborate with all stakeholders for planning and conflict resolution

• Implement OH&S control measures at site work operations

• Monitor, evaluate and analyse effectiveness of erosion and sediment plan outcomes

• Organise required resources and key stakeholders

Required knowledge:

• Environment sustainability as a whole farm system approach

• Environmental issues with regard to water catchment, ecosystems, habitats and waste minimisation

• Relevant environmental, planning and groundwater legislation including licences and permits to implement erosion and sediment control activities

• Erosion control and design principles

• Planning processes for erosion and sediment control

• Project and risk management techniques and tools for the management of erosion and sediment control

• Soils and soil formation

• Earthmoving principles

• OH&S obligations and “Duty of Care”

• Subsurface and surface drainage principles and systems

RANGE STATEMENT



What could be identified when conducting a property or site audit ?

• Lack of vegetation, loss of habitat, pest plants and animals

• Types of erosion (Gullies or tunnel)

• Location of roads and tracks

• Creek, waterways and river systems

• Hillside slopes

• Existing drainage patterns in paddocks

• Site physical features

• Animal and machinery activities

What methodology could be used?

• Mapping affected areas onto a Whole Farm Plan

• Data collection from GIS analysis to model predicted outcomes at the catchment scale and under different rate of loss scenarios

• Combining erosion- plot studies with tracer studies



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• Direct observation of affected areas

• It could also include reviewing reference sources from government, local interest groups and Catchment

Management Authority

What types of erosion and sediment loss are there?

• Sheet and rill erosion

• Gully and tunnel erosion

• Mass movement of soil

• Water run-off

• Wind

What can influence rates of erosion and sediment losses?

• Poor land use practices from overgrazing by goats, sheep, deer and cattle

• Harvesting and paddock machinery operations

• Reduction of vegetation from grazing animals and pest animals including rabbits, goats and other introduced species

• High rainfall events after long dry spells

• Wind

• Roads and tracks

• High traffic areas

• Presence or absence of vegetation

What are the economic and environmental losses of erosion and sediment losses?

• Productivity and profitability

• Remedial costs associated with repairing problems

• Loss of productive land

• Soil losses

• Nutrient and fertiliser losses

• Reduced water quality

• Increases in weeds

• Environmental losses

Which external sources of support may assist in the development of strategies?

Government agencies that may fund remediation activities including:

- Catchment Management Authority

- Department of Primary Industries

- Department of Sustainability and Environment

- Grains Research and Development Corporation

Other groups that may provide support may include:

Contractors, designers, planners, site engineers, project manager, advisers, consultants, foresters, Greencorps and

Landcare groups



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Some r egulatory planning authorities might include:

Who and what are the regulatory planning authorities and what environmental legislation may effect the implementation of erosion and sediment control measures?


- Local government

- Water authorities

Environmental legislation may include:

Environmental Protection Act, Water Act, Local Government

Act and authorities, environmental agencies regulations, duty of care, isolation procedures, OH&S legislation, site regulations and procedures, Codes of Practice or statutory requirements, Native Title Act and traditional land owners requirements

Which type of projects may be included?

What types of erosion and sediment control measures may be included?

• Control of land degradation and erosion

• Dune reclamation

• Mine rehabilitation

• Water conservation

• Drainage systems

• Ponding and wetland schemes

• Major road construction, rural and regional roadside, trackside and maintenance

Sediment basins, containing banks, waterways, run-off control structures, revegetation works including grassed water ways, pastures, rural roads and tracks, drainage structures, top soil; stripping, stock piling and respreading, silt fencing, hay bales, raised pondage around drop inlet drainage, netting windbreaks, watering for dust control, dams, flumes, pipe structures, drop structures, diversion banks, catch drains, graded banks.

What are the nine industry standard planning principles for erosion and sediment control?

Sourced from Conservation and Land Management

Training Package (CLM02)

RTD5203A Plan erosion and sediment control measures, page 448

• Measures taken to ensure compatibility of land capability and proposed development

• Erosion and sediment control plans prepared

• Land exposure is the smallest area for the shortest possible time

• Topsoil is saved for re-use

• Run-off control onto, through and from site

• Erosion control measures utilised to prevent on-site damage

• Sediment control measures utilised to prevent on-site damage

• Disturbed area rehabilitation quickly

• Erosion and sediment control measures maintained

Which components of erosion control strategy might be included?

• Control of run-on water above the site

• Existing and formed drainage patterns

• Preventing on-site damage

• Rapid revegetation and mulching

• Establishment and use of indigenous species



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Which components of sediment control strategy might be included ?

• Control of run-on water above the site

• Existing and formed drainage patterns

• Preventing on-site damage

• Rapid revegetation and mulching

• Establishment and use of indigenous species

• Pasture establishment

What could be the strategies ? recorded in

Who could be other key stakeholders involved in erosion and sediment control activities?

• Visual record of site including photographs over a period to gauge the effects of erosion or control plan

• Running sheets with plotted improvements

• Neighbouring landowners

• Contractors

• Catchment Management Authority

• Interest groups such as Landcare and Greening Australia

• Local community and interest groups (friends of creek or river)

• Indigenous groups and traditional land owners

What might be included in the erosion and sediment control plan ?

Earthwork structures or measures that could include:

- Contour banks to move water from one point to another drop off point

- Water dams for the collection of water

- Creation of wetland and ponding systems to slow movement of water and establishment of environmental eco-systems

- Battering of side walls of erosion areas

- Fencing off areas affected by erosion after work is complete to keep livestock and feral animals out of worksite

- Seeding of local and indigenous grasses and vegetation to hold newly established works in place

Resources, machinery and equipment and infrastructure that could be required include:

- Fencing materials and revegetation plants to exclude stock and pest animals

- Chemicals to control pest weeds

- Contractors and staff

- Earthmoving machinery and equipment to complete operational works

- Rocks, gravel, cement structures and barriers

The required documentation or action supporting the implementation of erosion and sediment control activities include:

- Permits and licences

- Building and construction plans

- Whole farm plan

- Notifying neighbouring landholders

- Interest groups letters of support



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What types of short and long term outcomes might be achieved?

Shorter term outcomes

- Improved water quality could include:

- Reduction in soil and nutrient losses

- Establishment of vegetation

- Fence off the area from livestock

Longer term outcomes could include:

Well managed ecosystem that has improved biodiversity of eroded environment

What situations may require good communication skill to resolve conflict ?

Conflict may arise between a number of stakeholders where interests may differ. Stakeholders include:

- Other private land owners

- National and State parks

- Government (Local, State and Federal) departments and authorities


- Contractors

- Staff members

- Land owner partners

- Interest groups

EVIDENCE GUIDE

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the

Performance Criteria, Required Skills and Knowledge, the Range Statement and the Assessment section in Section B of the accreditation submission.



• Identify essential elements and methods for controlling erosion and sediment losses

• Develop a plan focusing on erosion and sediment control strategies

• Implement plan for improvement and maintenance of erosion and sediment control strategies in effected areas

• Review and evaluate on how the plan for erosion and sediment control strategies has achieved all outcomes



- Access to a land based business or case study

- Farm/property and district aerial map

- Land based business with historical production records and financial analysis

- Relevant legislation and Acts



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Method of assessment For valid and reliable assessment of this unit, evidence should be gathered through a range of methods to indicate consistent performance.



- practical exercises, for example, assessing the current status of the natural areas where erosion and sediment has occurred, designing and developing operational activities and communication skills. i.e. using GIS to model potential outcomes and GPS to plot erosion sites

- written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of environmental issues in regard to water catchment and eco-systems, erosion and sediment control methods and relevant legislation for the management of erosion

- completion of learning materials, including analysis of learners own properties and circumstances, case studies and management plans

- development of a product to improve the environment sustainability as a whole farming system approach


- consideration of case studies which may be from different geographical and rainfall areas to assess learners ability to transfer skills and knowledge and problem solving abilities.



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VBP150

Unit Descriptor

Develop and manage a plan to reclaim land affected by salinity

This competency covers the development and management of a plan to reclaim salt affected land for profitable, sustainable agricultural production. The plan will include the assessment of the area to determine the source of the salt, the level of salinity and the extent of the infestation as well as plan to reduce flooding and the effect of water logging on the soil.

The plan will recommend strategies to be used to reclaim the land. The cost of the plan will be calculated. Plant and pasture establishment and management methods will be recommended for saline sites. Management of the reclaimed area is intended to increase production and profitability. The plan will include strategies for prevention of further salinity problems and for community involvement to reduce salinity in the area.

No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this competency at the time of publication.


Application of the Unit


This unit is applicable to a person who has a role in managing the farm. This unit is likely to require consultation with a range of external institutions, groups, government departments and individuals.

ELEMENT


1.

Review the saline area to increase productivity


Performance criteria describe the required performance needed to demonstrate achievement of the element. Where bold italicised test is used, further information is detailed in the required skills and knowledge and/or the range statement. Assessment of performance is consistent with the evidence guide.

1.1 Map the property and determine the type and severity of the salinity and install fencing to subdivide classes of land and salt affected areas for appropriate management of each area.

1.2 Assess area for water logging, determine the cause and recommend strategies to divert water or drain water from the area.

1.3 Review and select suitable plant and pasture species and management options available to reclaim the saline area.

1.4 Calculate the cost and the beneficial returns of reclaiming the area including financial, environmental and social benefits



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1.5 Outline the management for the reclaimed area to protect them at vulnerable times of the year and certain times in the reproduction cycle.

2. Develop a plan to manage water use and movement

2.1 Install fencing to protect the watercourses through the property.

2.2 Test and modify salinity and pH of the water entering and leaving the property.

2.3 Calculate the water used by the enterprise and establish targets to reduce the quantity by improving irrigation methods and general management practices.

3. Develop a plan to protect and manage natural areas

3.1 Plan a strategy to protect the natural area from increased salinity and other stresses which will accelerate decline.

3.2 Develop strategies to increase biodiversity .

3.3 Plan to manage soil structure and fertility to improve soil biota.

3.4 Identify review indicators and develop the long-term plan.

4. Implement a strategy to reduce salinity in the area

4.1 Work with adjacent properties and relevant other authorities and community groups to reduce extent and cause of local saline areas by monitoring quality and quantity of water.

4.2 Monitor improvements in productivity and review against current leading edge and research developments.



Required skills:


• Assess land forms and soil types

• Determine categories of saline land

• Take soil and water samples for testing

• Calculate optimum stocking rate

• Identify indicator plant species

• Assess the level of degradation and damage through salinity

• Research the latest innovations and management techniques

• Manage the crop and animal enterprise selected for the farm to utilize the saline area

• Calculate the costs of the project

• Calculate benefits of salinity reduction to the enterprise and the property

• Work with producers and community groups

• Required knowledge:

• Salt tolerant plant and pasture species and the management of each

• A range of methods for reclaiming saline land

• Strategies to profit from the saline area

• The value of using natural species and natural systems to improve farm production



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• The benefits of biodiversity on plant production and the animal enterprise

• The strategic and responsible use of susceptible land

• The consequences of poor management or removal of vegetation on the land

RANGE STATEMENT



What type of salinity is present?

The categories are determined by plant indicators, both weed and pasture species, landscape features, shallow groundwater observations, bore monitoring, soil check for history of waterlogging, water-logging indicators in the soil profile. Plants are indicators of the depth of the saline water table. The site map includes saline discharge areas, wet or waterlogged areas in winter and summer, run off areas and crusted soils. Areas of dense or scattered rock outcrop, dry soil, ridgelines and drainage lines, slopes and breaks of slope are indicated.

What are signs of waterlogging ?

Waterlogging is indicated by poor crop germination, death of roots, symptoms of nutrient deficiency, oxygen deficiency and susceptibility to frost.

What plant species are suitable for saline soils?

Three main groups of plants are suitable for saline soils: halophytes (e.g. river saltbush); tolerant non Halophytes (e.g. barley); and a large number of trees, shrubs grasses, legumes and ground covers with varing degrees of salinity tolerance.

What options are available for reclaiming saline land?

Options that may be considered when attempting to reclaim saline land include:

- Sowing or planting a range of plants, preferably local indigenous species, in shelterbelts, clumps or scattered over the landscape, and in wet areas

- Sowing perennial pastures using salt tolerant species

- Planting lucerne

- Planting salt bush

- Building earthworks to divert water

- Using good paddock preparation and sowing techniques to improve establishment in the short term and the production over the long term

- Planning sowing time and appropriate grazing management in the first year to maximize production and long-term success.



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What are the benefits of reclaiming saline land?

Benefits of reclaiming salt affected land include:

- Expected income from the pasture produced

- Benefit of the shelter as trees grow

- Returns from out of season production

- Value of increased land area in production

- Allowing other paddocks to be rested from production

- Improving the aesthetics of the landscape

- Controlling erosion and improving the capital value of the property

- Increased producer satisfaction and personal pride

How is reclaimed land managed ?

Management of reclaimed areas includes:

- Prevention from pugging or erosion

- Selecting a class of stock suitable to graze the area

- Spelling areas for regeneration and recruitment of seedlings

- Maintaining plant cover to protect from erosion

- Maintaining soil fertility

- Rotational grazing

- Using high grazing pressure for a short period

- Maintaining legumes in the pasture

- Using high quality seed and optimum seeding rates

What watercourses should be mapped?

Water flow across the property after rainfall and storm events should be mapped. Areas susceptible to water erosion due to soil type or topography must be mapped and prioritized for fencing and planted or allowed to regenerate. Streams, springs, rivers and dams mapped and plans developed to protect water quality and habitat by fencing livestock out and promoting regeneration.

How is water salinity and pH tested?

Water test kits are available from Department of Environment and Heritage. Records can be benchmarked and monitored for change though the year and after rain events.

How might irrigation methods be improved?

Irrigation methods can be improved by computer operation and minimum application of water for production. Timing of irrigation monitored by evaporation and probes is an advantage.

What protection is needed for natural areas?

Wet areas and remnant vegetation should be fenced for protection and weed infestation and pests should be monitored and controlled. The area should be protected from fire, flood and erosion. A long-term view should be taken to protect the area from clearing if it is a significant recharge area. Old trees with hollows, all understorey shrubs, long grasses, rushes and sedges, bracken and creepers should be retained.



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What will increase the biodiversity ?

The greater the biodiversity, the greater the resilience of the system to change. Biodiversity can be improved by:

- Fencing areas which contain remnant vegetation

- Planting with a wide range of local indigenous plants

- Leaving fallen logs on the ground

- Managing sensitive native grasslands

- Protecting riparian zones

- Managing salt affected areas.

What indicators might be reviewed ?

Indicators to review over the long term include:

- pH

- Soil fertility

- Salinity level

- Salinity extent

- Flora and fauna species

- Soil biota

- Soil structure

What authorities and community groups may be included in consultation?

These may include relevant government departments, for example, DSE, organisations such as Landcare, Greening

Australia and catchment management authorities, external experts and individuals, as well as other farmers

How is the quality and quantity of water discharged from the property monitored?

The quality of the water leaving the property must be tested for salt, phosphorous, pH, and chemical residue levels. Identifying the macro-invertebrates present gives an indication of water quality. The quantity of the water leaving the property in surface run off and leakage through the profile must be assessed and monitored. Regular checks should be taken to ensure proper use and disposal of chemicals, waste oil, rubbish, dead animals and prevention of leakage of effluent. Local groups need to monitor the levels and plan for improvement of quality and management of the run off.

EVIDENCE GUIDE

The evidence guide provides advice on assessment and must be read in conjunction with the Performance

Criteria, Required Skills and Knowledge, the Range Statement and the Assessment section in Section B of the accreditation submission.

Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency.

The critical requirement for competency is an assessment that confirms the student’s ability to:

- Develop plans to reclaim land affected by salinity

- Develop and implement a plan to manage a sustainable production system on reclaimed saline land

- Plan a strategy to minimise the adverse effect of saline land on the property and its effect on the local area



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For valid assessment, the student must have an opportunity to participate in a range of exercises, case studies, real and simulated practical assessments that demonstrate the skills and knowledge needed to participate in Develop and manage a plan to reclaim land affected by salinity competency. The student must also have access to the following resources:

- a farm with various salt affected areas

- a farm map

- the family and farm goals

- the farm financial records and project costs

- local map of saline area and water information.


It can be gathered from assessment of the unit of competency alone, through an integrated assessment activity or through a combination of both.

Evidence should be gathered as part of the learning process, where appropriate.


- Practical exercise, for example in the development of a relevant budget for renovating saline areas or budget for a community project

- Written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of how farming practices and management can be changed to reduce salinity in the district

- Completion of learning materials, including analysis of case studies such as the review of existing farm maps and producing improved maps

- Practical demonstration, such as reclaiming a saline area

- Development of product: auditing natural areas and listing indigenous species to be used in the revegetation of the area

- Third party reports supporting the evidence gathered

- Consideration of case studies, in different rainfall area and variation in natural resources



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VBP 152

Unit Descriptor

Plan, monitor and evaluate strategies to improve livestock through genetics

This competency covers the planning required to determine the genetic selection of a pure breed or cross breeding program to suit the farm environment. The plan will aim to increase production and financial return by using genetic improvement of the livestock for meat production, dairy production and fibre production and the evaluation of the current breeding program. Data is collected and analysed in order to select sires and dams to improve the livestock to meet the product specifications chosen for the enterprise.

Evaluation of the breeding program is carried out on completion.


Employability skills This unit contains employability skills

Application of the Unit This unit is applicable to a person who has a role in managing a breeding enterprise. This unit is likely to require consultation with breed societies, importers and distributors of genetic material, local livestock agents, processors and marketers of the product

ELEMENT




1.

Determine breeding goals for the enterprise in relation to market specifications

1.1

1.2

Determine the breeding goals for the short term and the strategy to meet market specifications in the long term.

Analyse the traits affecting profit in a livestock breeding enterprise to optimise production through an improved genetic breeding program

2.

Assess current performance of the breeding enterprise

1.3 Assess the environment where the breeding enterprise is based and select a breed and breeding program to match that environment.

1.4 Select a product specification suited to the breeding enterprise

2.1 Collect and analyse data on the traits currently used in the breeding enterprise.

3.

Assess and select livestock for genetic improvement

2.2 Collect and analyse data on current market performance , using feedback from processors and customers .

3.1 Assess the current breeding herd for the genetic traits required for production and marketing.



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3.2 Analyse genetic information to select herd replacements from the breeding herd and before purchasing stock.

3.3 Evaluate the costs and benefits of natural mating, Artificial

Insemination (AI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) to achieve genetic improvement

4. Carry out a breeding program

4.1 Assess and improve the facilities on the property for drafting, inseminating and pregnancy testing.

4.2 Develop and monitor procedures to be followed for

Occupational Health and Safety while implementing the animal-breeding program

4.3 Apply legal , veterinarian and welfare requirements.

4.4 Apply practices to improve submission rates and conception rates of a breeding program

4.5 Assist genetic selection by the use of equipment to aid in data collection and analysis

4.6 Use new technology to collect feedback to improve production and market performance.

5 Evaluate the breeding program against the breeding goals

5.1 Assess the compliance of the livestock to the market specifications by using electronic information including feedback sheets and test results.

5.2 Assess the phenotype of the livestock produced against the breeding goals.



Required skills:


• Analyse profit for the breeding enterprise

• Select suitable market specifications for the enterprise

• Develop selection criteria for a breeding program

• Select livestock for a breeding program on phenotype and genotype

• Assess farm facilities to carry out a breeding program

• Use BreedObject index

• Arrange Artificial Insemination (AI) and Embryo Transfer (ET) programs

• Implement the breeding program

• Feed livestock to ensure success of a breeding program

• Organise drugs, animal identification and all equipment in clean working order in preparation for the program

• Keep breeding and production records

• Submit records and information for statistical analysis and registration of livestock

• Handle livestock safely and humanely



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• Interpret feedback information

Required knowledge:

• The theory of cell division and the structure of DNA

• Heritability estimates for the selected characteristics

• Recording and understanding breed pedigrees

• Dominant genetic traits and marker genes

• The accuracy of the genetic potential of the selected breeding trait for the program

• Genetic defects

• Value of heterosis in a breeding program

• The ethics and Code of Practice for the welfare of livestock on the breeding program

• Phenotype selection criteria

• Market specifications targeted by the breeding program

• Long term breeding aims

• Pregnancy testing procedure

• Veterinary and non veterinary standard operating procedures

• Sources for genetic information, up to date program design and implementation procedures

RANGE STATEMENT



Where will profit be gained?

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

The focus of a breeding program is to optimise profit through breeding by improving:

Number of progeny born

Weight gain

Weaning percentage

Sale weights

Carcass conformation

Retail meat yield

Milk production

Milk solids

Fleece weights

Fibre diameter

Velvet production

Price achieved for the product

What environmental factors should be considered?

-

-

-

-

Environmental factors include:

Pasture quantity produced

Length of the growing period of quality pasture

Weather conditions when progeny are born

Amount of shelter available



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-

-

Mature body weight in relation to the pasture

Productivity for dam maintenance and fertility

What product specifications should be considered?

Breeding enterprises provide genetics to commercial producers and must predict changing product specifications in the long term. These include:

-

-

-

-

-

Market trends

Market volume

Domestic market

World market

Political and economic changes in our trading partners

What traits are considered to drive profit?

-

-

-

-

-

Markets dictate traits which include:

Weight of the carcass and carcass specifications

Fibre length, strength and micron

Velvet weight and style

Milk quality, quantity and solids

Farm profit traits might include birth weight, fertility, and length of breeding life, production and feed efficiency.

What feedback is available on market performance ?

Feedback from processors and customers is reflected in the price consumers are prepared to pay for the product. The market performance depends on:

-

-

-

-

-

Grade of the product

Health qualities

Customers perception of animal welfare and animal ethics

Quality assurance status e.g., CATTLECARE, FLOCKCARE

DeerQAMA, Australian Quality Pork

Market philosophy e.g. organic product or biodynamic product

What genetic information analysed? is

-

-

-

-

-

-

Genetic information is available through:

International Beef Recording Scheme BREEDPLAN

LAMBPLAN

KIDPLAN

National Herd Improvement Association of Australia Inc (NHIA)

Dairy Herd Improvement of Australia

Australian Wool Innovation (AWI)

What might be considered in herd replacement selection?

-

-

-

-

Considerations in herd replacement include:

Phenotype

Temperament

Production performance

Compliance to the breeding goals for the long term might also be considered



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What costs might be incurred Cost of the genetic material and its delivery. Costs associated in in a breeding program? carrying out artificial breeding program including drugs, staff and facilities.

What facilities are required? • Fencing suitable for single sire mating

• Farm design to facilitate stock movement to carry out a breeding program

• Safe yards and animal handling equipment to implement the program and to carry out animal husbandry and progeny testing after the program

What Occupational Health and Safety requirements are relevant?

•

•

•

•

Personal protective equipment and clothing

Manual handling skills

Handling drugs

Safe use of chemicals

• Working with animals in a confined spaces

What legal requirements may be applicable?

Legal requirements might include:

-

-

Codes of Practise for livestock

Standard Operating Procedures

-

-

-

Purchase and use of drugs

Veterinary procedures under supervision or after accreditation

Animal ethics

What practices are important to improve a breeding program?

Practices to improve success of a breeding program include:

-

-

-

-

Selection of stock in suitable body condition score

Providing adequate nutrition

Observing animal behaviour and stress

Management program to maintain animal health

What facilities are required? • Fencing suitable for single sire mating

• Farm design to facilitate stock movement to carry out a breeding program

• Safe yards and animal handling equipment to implement the program and to carry out animal husbandry and progeny testing after the program

What Occupational Health and Safety requirements are relevant? •

•

•

•

•

Personal protective equipment and clothing

Manual handling skills

Handling drugs

Safe use of chemicals

Working with animals in a confined spaces



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What legal requirements may be applicable?

Legal requirements might include:

- Codes of Practise for livestock

- Standard Operating Procedures

-

-

Purchase and use of drugs

Veterinary procedures under supervision or after accreditation

- Animal ethics

What practices are important to improve a breeding program?

Practices to improve success of a breeding program include:

-

-

Selection of stock in suitable body condition score

Providing adequate nutrition

Observing animal behaviour and stress -

- Management program to maintain animal health

Equipment required includes:

What equipment is required?

What data is collected?

What feedback is available?

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

National Livestock Identification Scheme (NLIS) tags and a reader for the identification of stock and feedback information

Individual animal identification

AI and ET equipment

Ultrasound for pregnancy detection and multiple embryo detection

Weighing scales and drafting facilities

Computer and software for data recording

Milk meters

Fibre measurement

- Ultrasound equipment is required to estimate fat depth, eye muscle area and marbling

• Progeny are monitored and data collected for genetic analysis

• Financial costs and returns are recorded and analysed for profitability

• Breeding program records are kept i.e. submission rates, conceptions rates and days to return to heat.

Feedback is available from:

- Processors on carcasses

-

-

-

-

MLA (Meat and Livestock Australia) provide information on market trends to assist in setting short term and long term goals

Milk processors

Fibre measurement

Customers in the supply chain

- End users of the product

Structure of the animal and frame score should be considered in



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What phenotype selected? should be addition to the genetic information.

EVIDENCE GUIDE




The critical requirement for competency is an assessment that confirms the candidate’s ability to:

-

-

Plan a breeding strategy for the farm for the short and long term

Implement and evaluate a breeding program for the farm

-

-

-

-

-

Analyse available genetic material to meet selected market specifications

Analyse the cost of a program and estimate profits

Record progeny data for analysis

Interpret progeny test data

Analyse feedback sheets for compliance with market specifications.


The candidate must have access to the following resources:

Method of assessment

- Breeding records

- Genetic analysis from a reliable source

- Farm goals for the breeding program for the short term and the long term

- Farm financial records

- Information on market trends and global markets

- Scanning equipment, eg Ultra sound scanning for pregnancy testing.



Evidence should be gathered as part of the learning process where appropriate.



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Practical exercise, for example in developing a relevant budget for a breeding program

Written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of cell division and heritability

Completion of learning materials, including analyses of case studies such as the review of existing markets and the possible change in the specifications in those markets

Practical demonstration such as carrying out a breeding program

Development of product e.g. development of a breeding strategy for the long term

Third party reports supporting the evidence gathered

Consideration of case studies which may include a variation in target markets.



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VBP 153 Select and implement a Geographic Information System

(GIS) for sustainable agricultural systems

Unit Descriptor This unit of competency covers identification and application of current technology, selecting and inputting appropriate data, processing and evaluating information and data produced. This unit assists land managers to make informed decisions in a number of production systems and applications, integrating into an overall holistic planning tool. GIS has the potential to increase production yields through maximising the precision placement of seed, fertiliser and chemicals. It can assist in completing operations at the optimal time in a land based production system or calculating the current available pasture and potential pasture production growth; for the matching of grazing animals to feed availability or property planning in future developments and rectifying current land degradation problems in a spatial environment.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become an important tool in land based business management to assist landowners in decision-making processes far beyond the geographic disciplines.

Applications in the agricultural science area range from simple geographical tools to precision application of production inputs and growth models for the improvement of sustainable production.




Unit


This unit is applicable to persons who have a role in managing a land based production business. This unit is likely to require consultation with external experts, such as extension officers from State Agricultural Departments and agronomists.

ELEMENT





1. Select a GIS to incorporate into the land based business

1.1 Identify appropriate GIS management software appropriate to a land based business requirement.

1.2 Identify the purpose and business requirements of the GIS for developing a sustainable land management system.

1.3 Collect enterprise and land use management data requirements from all sources of information and enter into the software program

1.4 Identify and asstess opportunities and limitations for operational improvements that may result from adopting GIS.



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1.5 Identify potential cost savings benefits as a result of using GIS and adjust enterprise production budgets .

1.6 Develop a plan to incorporate the use of a GIS into the land based business to improve operational efficiency, profitability and sustainability

2. Implement GIS into the land based business

2.1 Identify appropriate training requirements for personnel to optimise the efficient use of machinery and technology.

2.2 Select required machinery and technology to incorporate into production operation.

2.3 Complete work operations to minimise environmental impacts by improving soil profile and productivity.

2.4 Identify and implement corrective action as a result of precise measurement data provided by satellite imagery.

3. Review production data using GIS

3.1 Review enterprise operations regularly to identify opportunities for improvements in sustainable production systems using GIS.

3.2 Monitor and assess impact of natural conditions on enterprise to maximise sustainability of land-based business.

3.3 Review production data to identify increases in productivity and reduced input costs.

3.4 Review monitoring procedures and recorded operating costs against production cash flow budget.



Required skills:


• Identify a range of software systems and how to apply them into a production system

• Interpret production and land management maps to apply into everyday farming management

• Identify erosion, soil management techniques, salinity, farming systems, bio-diversity and weeds by using GIS

• Apply solutions to erosion, soil management techniques, salinity, farming systems, biodiversity and weeds using GIS

• Manage and co-ordinate work teams using GIS and associated technology

• Complete a cost and benefits analysis

• Use a computer, including computer aided drafting

• Analysis digital map images

• Communicate with staff and other parties on instruction and training in the use of GIS

• Use self diagnosis manuals to identify technical systems faults

Required knowledge:

• Financial management and strategic planning benefits from the implementation of a GIS

• Legal concepts on the gathering of data to be used in GIS applications



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• GIS applications and associated technology

• Mapping principles of GIS

• Computer concepts

• Spatial calculations using GIS

RANGE STATEMENT



What types of GIS management software are available and how can GIS be applied?

GIS is an integrating technology system for developing a database of information (natural environment, land management, production data and operations, economics) to address production and environment issues, in a spatial layered overlayed mapped image. There are a number of software packages available on the market that specialise in agricultural applications. These are some examples of the application of GIS:

- Yield mapping for cropping and pasture production

- Farm mapping satellite imagery including area measurement and distance calculations

- Spatial information software to assist natural resources planning and whole farm planning.

Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and guidance technology is used to plot positions on the property with the collected data feed back into the GIS software.

What types of land based business may use GIS?

The following land based business may use GIS in planning and improving the efficiency of their business in:

- Broad acre cropping

- Animal production including intensive grazing systems


- Forestry

- Cotton production

- Cane production.

What might be included in enterprise and land use management data?

• Cash flow budget

• Production data including yields and production inputs

• Paddock records

• Aerial maps

• Computer generated paddock image maps

What sources of information may be useful when gathering information?

• Historical production data

• Rainfall from past records

• Government departments including State and Federal, Local



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Shires

• Agri-business consultants and/or agronomists

What operational improvements may be directly attributed to the use of new technology?

• Broad acre controlled traffic

• Tram line systems

• Raised beds

• Auto guidance steering systems

• GPS plotting to improve operator accuracy

• Reduced crop/pasture inputs

• Operator accuracy of seed and fertiliser placement to increase yield productivity

• Time and labour savings

• Reduction in yield variations

• Crop or production system integration

What types of enterprise production budgets might be impacted on by the application of GIS?

• Break-even points

• Gross margins

• Cash flow budgets

• Trial profit and loss statements

What training requirements might apply?

New and existing staff will need:

- Induction on use of new technology

- To recognise development opportunities for production improvements

- To recognise problems when operating technology

What types of machinery and technology is required to implement the new technology?

• Direct drill seeding machinery

• GPS

• Boom sprayer

• Auto guidance steering systems

• Harvesting equipment

EVIDENCE GUIDE




• Develop a plan to incorporate GIS into the land based business

• Implement GIS into the land based business

• Review production data using GIS.




- Farm and/or property map and district map

- Land based business historical production data and financial analysis



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- Pasture, cropping, horticultural and forestry production programs

- Appropriate GIS and GPS software

Method of assessment For valid and reliable assessment of this unit, evidence should be gathered from a range of methods to provide consistent performance.



- Practical exercises, for example assessing the current production practices and budgets, use of the technology and conducting a review of improvement gains through the use of current technology

- written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of incorporating technology to improve efficiency, profitability and sustainability


- developing a product to improve the sustainability of the land based business through precision farming methods and operational efficiency by:

- Developing a plan to incorporate GIS into the land based business

- Implementing GIS into the land based business

- Reviewing production data using GIS


- consideration of case studies which may be from different geographical areas and rainfall zones to assess learners ability to transfer skills and knowledge and problem solving abilities



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VBP 154 Implement the introduction of bio-technology into the production system

Unit Descriptor This unit of competency covers the process of evaluating the implications of introducing bio-technology and genetically modified organisms into the current production system. Strategies are developed to implement and monitor the integration of bio- technology products in a sustainable system by preparing strategies for the implementation, monitoring and evaluating the integration bio-technology products into the production plan.

This new technology will require producers to identify potential risks and benefits, responsibly manage all aspects of risks to the neighbours, local community, and to the environment, relevant to the existing and new production system

No licensing, legislative, regulatory or certification requirements apply to this unit at the time of publication

Employability skills This unit contains employability skills


Unit

ELEMENT


This unit is applicable to persons who have a role in managing a land based production business. This unit is likely to require consultation with external experts, such as extension officers from State Agricultural

Departments, Agri-business representatives, agronomists and regulators including insurance agencies



1.

Evaluate benefits and applications of introducing bio- technology in the production system

1.1 Identify information on bio-technology relevant to the enterprise by researching and analysing potential benefits and ramifications to the production system, the environment and others in the district.

1.2 Explain how bio-technology can be integrated into the current production system, to improve business profitability and sustainability .

1.3 Compare current and/or historical production data for the production system with potential for increased production.

1.4 Investigate potential risks involved in the introduction of bio- technology to the current production system.

1.5 Collate information in a clear and concise manner to determine informed decisions



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1.6 Evaluate the implications for the integration of bio-technology into current production plan

2.1 Select the application of bio-technology suitable to local environment, climate, seasonal conditions, business goals and

2. Develop an implementation plan for the introduction of bio-technology into production system marketing objectives.

2.2 Identify required changes to current production systems and develop suitable strategies for the application of a farm production management plan.

2.3 Develop risk management strategies including quality assurance (QA) system principles consistent with production plan requirements and marketing boards.

2.4 Identify all relevant legislation, regulatory and product supplier requirements and implement according to the production plan

2.5 Identify key roles and responsibilities of personnel including training requirements.

2.6 Develop an implementation production management plan including risk management strategies and QA systems.

3. Implement and manage bio- technology into the production system

3.1 Implement production, infrastructure and land management plans.

3.2 Implement the risk management strategies for the production plan and record information in QA system.

3.3 Manage scheduling of production processes taking organization factors and paddock operation into consideration.

3.4 Manage integration of environmental values into the production process.

3.5 Monitor risk management strategies plan and identify problems/issues by conducting a risk management audit on property.

4. Evaluate management strategies

4.1 Evaluate potential results of threats in terms of natural resources, business assets, infrastructure, environmental and community.

4.2 Identify preventative and reactive action and develop further contingency plans to minimise threats and maximise opportunities

4.3 Review risk management strategies plan aimed at ensuring business stability, sustainability and profitability, while



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture protecting and preserving natural resources and business assets.

4.4 Evaluate production plan for the introduction of bio- technology into production system.



Required skills:


• Research implications of introducing bio-technology for business

• Identify applications for business and production systems

• Develop and implement plans for production systems and risk management strategies

• Recognise potential opportunities of introducing bio-technology (business and production)

• Assess and adopt profitable innovations from the use of bio-technology products

• Interpret, analyse and extract information from a range of sources such as professional literature, legal documents, discussions and workshops

• Undertake cost benefit analysis in relation to the introduction of bio-technology

• Communicate with industry contacts, colleagues and family regarding the land/farm based business

• Design risk management strategies including installing a Total Quality Management System

(TQMS)

• Conduct a risk management audit before and after the introduction of bio-technology products

• Complete and maintain appropriate quality assurance documentation for a TQMS

Required knowledge:

• Benefits and risks of introducing biotechnology into a production system

• The principles of sustainability

• Relevant State/Territory legislation, regulations and codes of practice with regards to OH&S, use and control of hazardous substances and biotechnology in production systems

• Financial cost analysis tools and techniques

• Methods of risk assessment audits for the production system

• Implementing, monitoring and maintenance of a Total Quality Management System (TQMS)

• Stewardship to fellow farmers and community when using bio-technology in a production system



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RANGE STATEMENT



What is included by the term bio-technology ?

When researching for information about biotechnology, what sources of information may be considered?

What are the potential benefits to be gained by using biotechnology products?

Gene technology, genetically modified organisms, DNA genetic markers, identifying genes.

Information may be obtained through the internet, farming magazines, research journals, commercial sources, newspapers, library searches and agronomists.

With the rapid development of bio-technology, the benefits to be gained include:

- New crop varieties

- Nutrition benefits to livestock

- Increased pest and disease resistance

- Increased weed management options

Improved health benefits to humans and water use efficiencies of plants. These benefits could include:

- Improved tolerance to environment stress such as drought and cold weather

- Increased yields from improved water efficiency by plants

- Improved health of animals to increase production yields

- Reduced product inputs

- Disease resistance reducing chemical reliance

- Faster product development of newer plant varieties

- Removing potential detrimental traits from plant i.e. pollen that causes hay fever

What might be some ramifications ?

What is the meaning of sustainability for agriculture?

• Increased risk of contaminating other products produced

• Creation of further problems in the production system

• Reduced income from sale of bio-technology product

• Effects on markets

• Increase of herbicide use if not properly managed

Application of the principles of sustainability in agriculture may:

- Increase productivity and profit from the production system

- Increase efficient water use in the production system

- Protect the on farm natural resources

- Create more opportunities for biodiversity

- Reduce off-site impacts from the production system



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What current and/or historical production data can be used?

• Crop/stock history

• Disease and pest history

• Previous yield data

• Pesticide usage, weather patterns

• Land use history

• Financial returns

What are the potential risks from the introduction of biotechnology into the production system and local environment?

What business goals and marketing objectives should be considered?

• Pest tolerance and build up of resistance to existing chemicals from bio-technology products

• Spread of resistance to non-bio-technology products and weeds from chemical and alternative control methods

• Chemical dependence and loss of choices available for producers

• Cross pollination with other canola varieties and closely associated plant varieties

• Consumer (export and local) reaction through choice of not purchasing bio-technology products

• Contamination of other non-bio-technology products in supply chain affecting food safety and quality

• Corporate ownership of technology

• Social issues relevant to local communities including neighbouring land owners

The types of business goals and objectives that enable different production and marketing systems and long term economic profitability for improved sustainability.

What types of systems production may be applicable?

• Continuous cropping systems

• Conventional cropping systems

• Intensive grazing systems

• Animal production systems

What types of risk management strategies should be included for consideration?

A variety of strategies may be used which involve insurance policies, training and development programs and vital record keeping including:

- Total Quality Management System (TQMS)

- Crop management plan covering all aspects from seed receipt to grain delivery or birth to market

- Resistance management plan aimed at preventing the development of natural resistance to technology including:

- Chemical resistance to volunteer GM plants and bio-technology products

- Development of weed populations that are resistant to chemicals when using bio-technology products

- Pest tolerant GM plants and bio-technology products



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- Transport and delivery management plan to identify risks of transporting grain and manage risks in supply chain

- Integrated weed and pest management plan.

- Monitoring of risk management strategies to include:

- Monitoring of processes

- Mapping

- Auditing

- Inspection

- Risk assessment

- Review of practices and policy

What are the implications of quality assurance (QA)?

Quality assurance (QA) means managing business processes so both the supplier and customer are satisfied with the quality and consistency of the product being produced.

It is important that the specified quality assurance requirements are determined by the level of risk associated with the product being produced. It is the responsibility of the purchaser to clearly specify their quality assurance requirements. It is the responsibility of the supplier to demonstrate to their customers that they meet the specified quality assurance requirements.

What might be included in relevant legislation, regulatory and product supplier requirements involved for biotechnology?

• Federal Gene Technology Act 2000

The Gene Technology Regulatory agencies in Australia responsible for the regulation of Agricultural Bio-technology are as follows:

- Office of the Gene Technology Regulator (OGTR)

- Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ)

- Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines (APVMA)

- Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS)

Product suppliers include developers of bio-technology products

(i.e. Monsanto, Bayer) who may require installation of a TQMS before allowing producers to purchase and apply technology.

What type of production processes could be applied?

Production processes may include resources, personnel, methodology and interaction between them, using sound crop rotation and maintenance of farm hygiene.

What types of organization factors should be considered

• Staff training

• Resource availability

How should environmental values be applied within a production process?

The environmental and waste management systems stewardship

(humans should manage the environment) should take into account the management and care of the whole natural environment with a responsibility for the continued health of the whole ecosystem, not just parts. It involves integrating and applying environmental values into a process. This could include:

- Ethical and responsible use of bio-technology products

- Effective processing and disposal of waste products



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Detection and control of escaped products

Development of a crop management and resistance management plan

What is a risk management audit ?

Audit recommendations are identified and are subject to monitoring and follow up audits by:

- Identifying the level (low- high) of risk and the relationship between the likelihood of something happening and the consequences if it happens

- Identifying the existing controls and establishing that they are adequate

What should be taken into consideration in contingency

• Reducing risk of exposure to contamination through poor farm work practices i.e. cleaning down of machinery and plans ? equipment before moving between crops or paddocks

• How to effectively communicate strategies with staff, agri- business representatives and neighbours

• Impact of longer term climatic weather patterns and daily activities affected by weather on production system

• Knowing and selecting alternative action/s in a timely manner as problems arise that differ from the prepared production plan

EVIDENCE GUIDE





• Critically analyse current production system, identify and evaluate potential benefits and ramifications of the introduction of bio-technology into farming system including legislative and QA requirements

• Develop a plan to introduce and integrate bio-technology into production system and monitoring of the implementation

• Evaluate the extent to which the plan has improved production viability and sustainability and identify modifications required




- Farm/ property and district map

- Land based business historical production records and financial analysis

- Historical pasture and/or cropping program

For valid and reliable assessment of this unit, evidence should be gathered from a range of methods to provide consistent performance.



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- practical exercises, for example assessing bio-technology implications and benefits, planning strategies and evaluating operational activities, including QA recording and communication skills

- written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of bio-technology industry stewardship principles, risk management strategies, legislative requirements and QA processes


- development of a product to implement bio-technology using best management practices


- consideration of case studies from different geographical and areas rainfall zones to assess learners ability to transfer skills and knowledge and problem solving abilities.



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VBP 155 Develop and manage a plan for sustainable production reflecting organic, biodynamic and biological farming principles

Unit Descriptor

This competency covers the process of developing a farm plan for a rural enterprise to reflect organic, biodynamic and biological farming principles. It requires the ability to determine the philosophy of the farm business. An audit of the farm and the resources will be undertaken to assess the current status of the property. A management plan is developed to ensure sustainability of the farm business and the natural areas on the property. The plan is to convert the property and the management system to reflect the philosophy and the orderly transition to the new short term and long-term goals. It is also to manage the production system including crops, pasture and livestock within the organic, biodynamic and biological farming system.

Records will be kept to maintain the integrity and quality of the product and meet legal requirements for accreditation.




Unit


This unit is applicable to a person who has a role in managing a farm. This unit is likely to require consultation with certification bodies, auditors and producers with similar philosophies.

ELEMENT





1. Develop goals and objectives for an organic, biodynamic or biological enterprise

1.1 Establish long-term direction and purpose of the business by identifying and analysing the values, expectations and personal goals of the people involved.

1.2 Identify business and personal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and strategies to address them

1.3 Investigate sources of information and support for conversion and plan the property conversion over a period of time including time lines and conversion costs.

2. Audit the natural resources and improvements on the property and develop a range of strategies that address the results

2.1 Draw a property map to include land classes using classification terminology, fences and water systems, natural property features and infrastructure.

2.2 Identify fenced areas at risk of soil degradation and monitor the success of the strategy on an ongoing basis.

2.3 Develop and implement strategies to improve the health and



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture the regeneration of remnant vegetation to support a diversity of living systems

2.4 Conduct a risk assessment of previous land use and an inventory of chemicals applied or evidence of application on the site.

2.5 Assess potential problem pests and weeds and use strategies to implement an eradication program, within the guidelines of the certification body.

3. Develop and implement grazing and cropping strategies to improve biodiversity, recycling and sustainability in an organic, biodynamic or biological farm

3.1 Use soil test results to make recommendations for soil improvement with appropriate organic fertilisers and soil conditioners to ensure a mineral-balanced and healthy soil.

3.2 Develop and implement an annual grazing program and strategies to optimize pasture growth and animal production.

3.3 Develop and implement a strategy for the recycling of farm waste and effluent .

3.4 Assess soil biological activity and apply suitable preparations and grazing strategies to improve the soil biota

3.5 Utilise appropriate mulching and composting systems.

3.6 Design and implement a plan using crop rotations to optimise soil fertility

3.7 Make and apply biodynamic preparations according to biodynamic principles.

4. Manage animal health and welfare for organic, biodynamic or biological production

4.1 Plan strategies to preserve animal health including allowable treatments and grazing management in the short term and genetic improvement in the long term.

4.2 Maintain livestock records to identify treated animals, including a record of all treatments including homeopathic remedies.

4.3 Sustain the animal enterprise with pasture and suitable fodder and maintain consumption records to meet certification protocols

5. Manage customer feedback and satisfaction with organic, biodynamic or biological product quality and integrity

5.1 Develop and implement procedures to obtain, analyse and respond to customer feedback on farm product quality and integrity

5.2 Meet legal requirements to maintain organic, biodynamic or biological certification.



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Required skills:


• Determine directions for the organic, biodynamic or biological business

• Audit the natural resources on the property

• Monitor legal and certification requirements impacting on the management of the property

• Develop management strategies to address natural resource management issues

• Research information on production changes and methods for the chosen philosophy

• Ability to interpret accurate data

• Communicate information to people and groups inside and outside the industry sector

• Use animal handling and husbandry techniques within the guidelines provided

• Monitor and treat parasites and disease with suitable preparations

• Assess and sample soils

• Interpret and make recommendations regarding outcomes of soil tests

• Recognise plants and pasture species

• Calculate a feed budget

• Maintain records

• Document production processes and activities including developing a flow chart for the supply chain

• Document a risk assessment

• Respond to customer feedback

• Analyse benefits to the family and farm from adopting the philosophy

Required knowledge:

• Sustainable land management practices

• Property planning process

• Water, vegetation, livestock, pasture, soil, fire and wildlife management strategies within the accreditation guidelines

• Legal requirements impacting on the whole farm plan

• Risk management

• Credible sources of information

• Supply chain for the organic, biodynamic and biological farming sector and your position in the chain

• The permitted/restricted and prohibited inputs and activities for Organic Production

• Grazing management including feed budgeting and grazing strategies

• Animal health and options for maintaining health based on pathogen life cycles and the use of suitable preparations

• Maintaining biodiversity to complement the organic, biodynamic and biological farming philosophy

• Principles of sowing according to moon phase and maintaining crops with biodynamic preparations



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RANGE STATEMENT



What are the business goals ? Goals may include:

- Philosophy of the farming family

- Choice between the organic, biodynamic or biological accreditation

- Size of the enterprise

- Type and range of the commodity to be produced

- Activities that might support the enterprise

- The desire to improve farm environment

- The desire to maintain sustainability of the farm

What conversion issues might arise?

Preparation for conversion might include:

- Selecting a certification body

- Documenting the property history

- Consideration of the costs involved

- Setting up recording systems financial and management records

- Sourcing suitable feed

- Purchasing livestock

- Addressing weeds, pests and disease problems

- Marketing restrictions

- Time lines for full accreditation

What is included on the property map ?

The property map will include:

- Natural resources

- Soil classes

- Water courses

- Farm water supply system

- Wet lands

- Remnant vegetation

- Riparian zones

- Erosion and risk areas

- Windbreaks and wood lots

- Vegetation corridors

- Farm infrastructure



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What assessment is made of the native vegetation and living systems ?

Assessment of:

- Riparian vegetation including trees, understorey and grasses

- Diverse population of aquatic micro flora and fauna which are important to maintain the quality of the water

- Healthy population of soil micro flora and fauna in pastures which are important to improve soil structure and moisture holding capacity

- Calcium levels to improve soil structure

- Calcium/magnesium ratio which may need to be adjusted

- Vegetated areas to provide protection from water loss by evaporation

- Biodiversity of the surrounding bush, grassland and pasture to support a range of plants and animals

- The greater the biodiversity, the greater the resilience of the system to change.

What waste and effluent disposal is used?

Silage wrap should be cleaned and taken to collection points.

Waste water and effluent needs to be collected and treated.

Pollution of the environment must be avoided.

Where are the biodynamic preparations and principles documented and explained?

Standards and preparations are regulated by the National

Standard for Organic and Bio-Dynamic Produce. There are seven certification agencies accredited with Australian

Quarantine and Inspection Service (AQIS). Each certification agency has developed their own specific standards. The agencies publish the standards which outline all aspects of production, distribution and labelling of certified product.

What strategies might be used to preserve animal health ?

Strategies include:

- Improving the quality of diet

- Minimising exposure to health challenges and stress

- Improving natural resistance through breeding strategies.

- Using strategies as preventative methods i.e. cross grazing management and selecting approved products for treating stock.

What records must be kept? Records need to be kept of livestock history, health treatments, breeding records and information required to maintain organic and biodynamic or biological certification.

What when sourcing fodder?

What protocols are required regulations observed? are to be

Documentation giving proof of organic production and chemical free status must be available to the purchaser.

The national standards for Organic and Bio-Dynamic Produce are published standards. The purpose of the standards is to clearly define the minimum conditions for certification in accordance with organic principles outlined by the body responsible for the certification i.e. The National Association for

Sustainable Agriculture Australia Limited (NASAA) have



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22173VIC Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture published full details of prohibited, restricted and allowed substances to be observed to gain certification.

What feedback might be analysed ?

Feedback from customers should be sought on quality, price and shelf life of the product. Packing and distribution methods might be analysed for speed and efficiency. Marketing outlets might be expanded or relocated.

EVIDENCE GUIDE



The candidate must be able to: Critical aspects for assessment and evidence required to demonstrate competency in this unit

- Develop a plan for, and manage organic, biodynamic or biological production, distribution and marketing for the farm

- Plan for and manage farm sustainability

- Research and apply organic, biodynamic or biological standards and regulations to the production system of the farm



- A farm suitable for organic, biodynamic or biological production or conversion

- A farm map

- Farm records for financial analysis

- Organic, biodynamic or biological guideline



Evidence should be gathered as part of the learning process, where appropriate.


- Practical exercise, for example in the development of production and supply procedures

- Written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of the principles and regulations applicable to organic, biodynamic or biological production

- Completion of learning materials, including analysis of case studies such as the review of a breach of a critical control point

- Development of a product e.g. preparing a farm map showing fencing, land classes and protected native areas


- Consideration of case studies, including a farm with different livestock enterprise or enterprise mix



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VBP477 Improve agricultural sustainability using renewable energy and recycle system/s

Unit Descriptor This unit covers the development of planning strategies to address sustainability issues, using renewable energy sources and opportunities to recycle production, to improve the efficiency of the business and reduce off-site impacts from the production system.

It will involve working in a safe manner and applying sustainable renewable energy systems to rural, regional and local conditions. It includes:

- Identifying key parts of the enterprise operation that may be converted to renewable energy sources, reducing greenhouse emissions and recycling opportunities using key principles of sustainability

- Establishing a budget, organising materials and staff

- Development of a plan to use renewable energy and recycling systems in agricultural systems including environmental risk management strategies

- Development of workflow plan strategies and monitoring progress of the plan during the implementation stages including OH&S issues

- Establishing and evaluating improvement outcomes




Unit


This unit is applicable to a person who has role in the management of the following land based business:

- Agricultural related industries


- Agro-Forestry

This unit will require the consultation with external experts such as alternative energy consultants and suppliers of alternative energy equipment, planning authorities, State and Federal Government

Departments who administer subsidies and provide advice.

ELEMENT





1. Identify opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and use recycling

1.1 Identify areas of each enterprise to improve efficient use of energy and cost savings to work practices, using renewable

energy resources, recycling products and other ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions .

1.2 Identify available government subsidies for the implementation of strategies using renewable energy or recycling and potential cost savings to the business in the longer term.



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1.3

1.4

1.5

1 .

6

Identify the specified regulatory requirements, government legislation and safety issues for the introduction of any renewable energy resources and recycled products

Identify potential

Measure and Safety hazards standards of quality, licensing, income earnings capabilities on selling energy excesses or recycled products. improvement outcomes renewable energy sources and recycling products in relation to achieving greater sustainability. to business by from the introduction of

Identify and conduct risk assessment for Occupation Health

2 Develop strategies 2.1 Develop strategies to apply principles of sustainability to to reduce address greenhouse gas emissions from using renewable greenhouse gas energy resources, recycled products and improved work emissions and use recycling

2.2 practices.

Estimate plant, material, labour and other associated costs in consultation with appropriate person(s) or organization(s).

2.3

Develop a budget for estimated plant, material, labour and other associated costs

2.4

Develop effective work plan strategies for the introduction of renewable energy resources and recycled products.

2.5

2.6

Investigate sources and availability of materials and human resources needed to complete work plan

Develop risk management strategies including contingencies to maintain supply to contract on time and incorporate into the plan .

2.7

Develop OH&S risk control measures and establish procedures

3 Implement strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and use recycling

3.1 Implement and monitor the plan for renewable energy and recycling products to ensure on time supply of plant and materials.

3.2 Monitor the progress of strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and use recycling against schedule, quality requirements and budget.

3.3 Identify unplanned events and deal with safely and effectively, consistent with regulatory requirements and enterprise policy.

3.4 Review plan against required inputs and make adjustments to rectify any anomalies to meet and supply contractual arrangements on time.

3.5 Monitor OH&S risk control measures and procedures and implement changes

3.6 Evaluate the improvement outcomes and document appropriate corrective action taken with a view to improvement.



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Required skills:


• Identify sustainability issues and implement associated systems for the use of renewable energy and recycling systems

• Plan and budget cost efficient savings by implementing renewable energy of project

• Monitor the plan and address contingency plans including risk management strategies

• Recognise OH&S hazards and implement control measures on the work site

• Recognise environmental safety issues associated with the use of renewable energy

• Maintain quality standards of product when on selling

• Organise materials, plant and human resources for implementation for the adoption of renewable energy or recycling opportunities

• Measure and evaluate improvement outcomes

Required knowledge:

• Key principles of sustainability associated with using of renewable energy and recycling systems

• Government legislation, regulatory requirements, licensing and subsidies

• Environmental and OH&S risk management strategies

RANGE STATEMENT



What are the areas or aspects of an enterprise that may produce efficient use of energy and cost savings ?

Efficiencies in the use of energies can be identified by conducting a ‘Farm Energy Audit’ on the types of operations completed and the machinery and equipment that require an energy source, to determine if changes in usages or consumption can be achieved. The following could be:

- Fuel consumption costs per production unit

- Reduction in energy savings in buildings using energy saving products

- Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by avoiding and/or reducing burning of agricultural fuels and crop residues.

- Use of precision farming techniques and associated technology

- Using fuel efficient vehicles to reduce fuel consumption

- Changing work and driving habits

- Selecting appropriate machinery and equipment for work practice

- Placing water tanks alongside a trough in paddock

- Using grey water sources if available

- Changing irrigation habits and use of latest irrigation techniques



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• Solar panels producing electricity e.g. for pumps, electric

What are some forms of renewable energy resources ? fencing

• Bio diesel produced from oilseed crops

• Ethanol and Methanol fuel from crops

• Biomass produced from forest products and animal manure

• Wind generators

• Water driven generators

• Wind mills to pump water

• Hot dry rock system

• Wave and tidal power

What types of recycling products are there and in what way can these products be applied?

• Animal manure products for pasture and production crops

• Purchase of recyclable products and returning polythene type products to be recycled e.g. Silage wrap and baling twine, chemical containers

• Increased productivity of sustainable pasture and agro forestry by use of dairy wash down or piggery effluent

• Improve water usage and biodiversity by revegetation of riparian zones and swampy areas, and improving soil structure.

• Aquaculture water recycled into production crop or hydroponic system

• Rainwater tanks on all buildings to collect water

• Straw and hay, paper and cardboard products as mulch to reduce water usage

• Grey water into production areas

• Composting waste products

• Spread logs, branches and litter from fallen trees in vegetation areas to recycle nutrients

What are the processes or products which cause greenhouse gas emissions and what methods can be used to implement changes?

Greenhouse gas emissions are causing a global warming effect on the environment resulting in an increase in temperature, climatic change and rising sea levels. The following sources have been associated with this current event:

- Methane gas emissions from farm animals

- Carbon dioxide from industry emissions, burning of fossil fuels and vegetation residues

- Nitrous oxide from fossil fuels and fertilisers

- Chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration and aerosol products

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture can be achieved by:

- Changing types of pastures animals graze on and other feeds and mixes for efficient conversion of energy by the animal

- Reducing machinery operations

- Use of more efficient fuel saving machinery

- Improve soil fertility



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Why are government subsidies and rebates important?

Current policies and government subsidies are designed to encourage industry to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce energy consumption. The following may attract a subsidy or rebate:

- Installing solar panels to convert household to solar power

- Rainwater tanks

What are the required standards of quality, licensing, regulatory requirements, government legislation and safety issues when introducing renewable energy sources and recycling products?

• Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act 2000

• Connection of electricity sources to household and other buildings - Certificate of Electrical Safety

• Construction and building regulations to include energy efficient products and rating

• Bio diesel standards

• Ethanol and methanol fuel standards

• Planning permits for building wind farms

• Product design of energy generators

• Production and selling of produce from use of grey water

What potential income earnings capabilities might apply?

• Methane gas from piggeries generating electricity and on- sold to power authorities

• Solar panel generating electricity

• Wind generators

• Compost products

• Animal manure

• Sale of carbon credits from production of sustainable agro forestry and revegetation programs if Australia is a signatory to and ratifies the Kyoto protocol agreement.

• Efficiency of conversion to energy in animal production system using selected preferable pastures

What are the outcomes improvement from the introduction of strategies of using renewable energy resources?

• Improved air quality from sustainable agro forestry and revegetation programs

• Increased water efficiency by plants

• Reduction of waste products and landfill

• Reduction in costs from use of fuel efficient vehicles, electricity consumption and water usage

What are the sustainability

What principles of

? work plan strategies could be used or developed?

• Increase productivity and profit from the production system

• Increase efficient water use in the production system

• Protect the on farm natural resources

• Create more opportunities for biodiversity

• Reduce off-site impacts from the production system

• Records and reports may be paper or computer based.

• Job completion charts and schedules

• Maintenance work charts and schedules including organisation and work responsibilities

• Contingency plans to ensure work is completed on time or the maintenance of consistence of supply of product to meet contractual arrangements



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What are some risk management issues?

• Completion of work on schedule

• Effective management of environmental issues and risks

• Safety risks to staff while working on the implementation and ongoing production of renewable and recycled products

• Consistence of supply of product to purchaser that meet contractual agreements

What is meant by

‘supply to

A contract is when one party agrees/promises to supply a contract’ ? product to another in return for a simple exchange of cash for goods. The following fundamental principles are needed for a contract to be legally binding, these are:

- Agreement (one party makes an offer and another accepts)

- Consideration (one party gives something in exchange for product from other party)

- Intention (both parties intend to keep agreement)

- Capacity (both parties understand terms and conditions of contract)

- Genuine consent (enter into contract of their free will)

- Legality (all parts of contract are legal)

What may be some regulatory requirements for installation or repair of renewable energy sources?

• Licensing requirements for the installation, connection and production of energy sources

• Appropriate personnel to carry out installation and repairs to energy sources

EVIDENCE GUIDE





• Identify key principles of sustainability and potential benefits for renewable resources and/or recycled products

• Complete a cost benefit analysis for the implementation of renewable resources and/or recycled products

• Identify and prepare a risk management strategy for environmental and OH & S issues

• Calculate and evaluate measurable outcomes

• Develop, implement and evaluate a plan for renewable energy and recycled products




- Farm/property and district map



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For valid and reliable assessment of this unit, evidence should be gathered from a range of methods to provide consistent performance.



- practical exercises, for example, identifying potential opportunities to introduce renewable resources and recycled products, calculating costs involved and outcomes such as cost savings and environmental risks. Evaluating operational activities and communication skills. i.e. installing a solar panel for the electric fencing system or hot water service

- written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of key principles of sustainability,

Government legislation and regulations, licensing and available subsidies and risk management strategies

- completion of learning materials, including analysis of learners own properties and circumstances, case studies and management plans for the introduction of renewable resources and recycled products

- development of a product to improve sustainability using renewable resources and recycled products


- consideration of case studies which may be from a different geographical and rainfall areas to assess learners ability to transfer skills and knowledge and problem solving abilities.



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VBQU076

Unit Descriptor



Unit

ELEMENT

1.

2.

property

Develop and implement a to determine the to improve water


Undertake an audit health and range of biodiversity on the management plan quality and biodiversity on the farm

Develop and manage a plan to improve biodiversity on a farm.

This competency covers the development and management of a plan to improve the biodiversity on the property with the view to improving profitability and sustainability of the production system, as well as the long-term viability of the farming enterprise. The focus is to protect, enhance and manage natural areas in balance with the production enterprise. Improved biodiversity is considered a core part of the vision for the property, providing improved profitability, personal fulfillment, community benefits, and the long-term sustainability of soil, water, and local flora and fauna.



This unit is applicable to a person who has a role in managing a farm. This unit is likely to require consultation with family members and a range of external institutions, groups, government departments and individuals.



1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

2.1

2.2

2.3

Map the existing features and soil types on the property for protection.

Obtain a list of local native flora and fauna species specific to habitat types and assess the health and diversity of vegetation riparian

Analyse water samples and assess the health and diversity of the zone. animal control and continue to monitor biodiversity of these areas.

Develop a plan to restore and revegetate areas to improve number and range of species of flora and fauna native areas and isolated trees in comparison to the local or regional list

Analyse soil samples for chemical and biological content and assess the health and diversity of the grasslands and pasture.

Plan and implement grazing management strategies to achieve the target pasture. ground cover for soil protection for natural areas and

Protect retained vegetation and provide access for pest plant and



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2.4 Monitor water quality and quantity and develop and implement strategies to prevent contamination and reduce run off.

2.5 Review all chemicals and fertilisers used on the farm to identify their potential impact with the view to minimising the effects on the biodiversity through reduced use where possible.

2.6 Monitor soil fertility and soil biology in pasture by soil testing and implementing recommendations

2.7 Develop and implement a plan to control weeds and pests by using methods which reduce the impact on biodiversity.

2.8

Apply for funding to assist with biodiversity project work on the farm and in the local community.

3. Evaluate benefits of improved biodiversity on the farm.

3.1 Estimate the benefits which will include increased financial value from the farm enterprise and the improved sale, resale or capital value of the farm as a result of the improvement in biodiversity.

3.2 Identify personal benefits that biodiversity may contribute to the individual, the farm and the wider community .

3.3 Identity the benefits to the environment of improved biodiversity.

3.4 Survey the number and diversity of flora and fauna species annually on the farm.

3.5 Monitor water quality and quantity leaving the property in comparison to initial values and local benchmarks.

3.6 Work with Landcare groups and other community groups to develop plans to extend corridors and improve water quality beyond the farm.

RANGE STATEMENT



What areas might be marked on the map for protection ?

Areas requiring protection include:

- Remnant vegetation

- Isolated mature trees

- Riparian zones

- Areas at risk from erosion

- Salinity areas

- Swamps and wetlands

- Areas for revegetation



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- Sites for windbreaks

- Linking wildlife corridors

- Unusual land forms

- Habitat of endangered species

What are the indicators of healthy areas? native vegetation

Indicators of healthy native vegetation include:

- A wide variety of indigenous species of trees, shrubs and understorey, grasses and creepers

- Indicators of natural regeneration

- Plants are not heavily infested with mistletoe, pests and die-back

- The area is not over-run by blackberries, thistles, other weeds or introduced plants

- A diversity of native birds and animals

What are indicators of healthy grasslands ?

Indicators of healthy grasslands and pastures are:

- Diverse range of species

- Few weeds

- Soil with good physical structure

- Soil with a range of nutrients available to the plants

- Large, diverse populations of biological life in order to support plant growth and production in the long term e.g. by supplying nutrients, removing toxins

They have been managed in order to:

- Supply feed for animal production throughout the year

- Maintain ground cover

- Provide quality feed

What are indicators of healthy riparian zones?

Indicators of healthy riparian zones include:

- A wide variety of indigenous native species

- Protection of the stream and river banks

- Vegetation filtering water coming into the stream and reducing evaporation

- Large numbers of insects, birds and animals present

- Fencing either side of the water to give protection and to provide access

Why is ground cover required?

Management to maintain ground cover in pasture and natural areas is necessary to:

- Protect the soil from wind and water erosion

- Maintain the benchmarks for the pasture cover to sustain the stocking rate

- Protect native pastures for sustainability and reproduction

- Balance pasture growth and persistence with animal consumption

- Be sensitive to land classes and soil types

- Include perennial species to assist in water use

- Use deep rooted species to prevent leakage of water through the profile



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- Maximize soil biota and organisms

- Analyse changes over time, and respond as necessary

How is water quality protected ?

Water quality in storage, streams and rivers is protected by:

- Preventing contamination from sediment, chemicals and organic matter

- Preventing contamination by effluent from animal production and silage storage

- Reducing salt

- Preventing fertilizer run off

- Preventing algal blooms

- Testing and sampling regularly

- Observing macro-invertebrates present

What chemical and fertilizer inputs need to be reviewed ?

Fertilisers, herbicides, pesticides and drenches need to be reviewed for possible effects on the flora and fauna of the soil, air and water. Alternatives should be investigated and a policy of minimum chemical use and proper disposal of wastes should be developed.

How could control of weeds and pests be implemented?

A schedule for weed control and pasture maintenance should be developed. The optimum time to control each type of weed and pest should be determined. Alternative methods for eradication should be investigated, to include physical control, pasture management strategies and careful selection of appropriate chemicals. Record product used, quantity used for treatment and date applied.

Where might funding be found?

Funding may be provided by Federal or State government initiatives, Shire Council programs and local business with an interest in land and water issues. The funds might be provided for:

- Fencing, plants and planting

- Labour

- Equipment hire

Support and reduced cost might be provided by:

- Enthusiastic communities and motivated land holders sharing the work

- Volunteer labour e.g. Greencorps

- People with local expert knowledge such as regional Landcare facilitators

- Officers from Greening Australia, Department of Sustainability and

Environment (DSE) and Department of Primary Industries (DPI)

- Landholders propagating their own plants

- Direct seeding and innovative techniques



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What might be considered the Financial benefits might be measured as: financial benefits of improved biodiversity on the farm?

- Reduced input costs e.g. from natural pest control and improved nutrient recycling

- Increased business opportunity by providing seed from native species

- Improved productivity by shelter of livestock and pastures

- Increased value of the property

- Increased product value from being produced and managed with a sustainability ethic

What might be considered the community and personal benefits of improved biodiversity on the farm?

Personal and community benefits could include:

- Social benefits including pleasant working conditions

- Increased potential for recreation and enjoyment of wildlife

- Personal satisfaction and pride in the aesthetic value of the farm, the production system and the product

- The community working together.

What might be considered the environmental benefits of biodiversity on the farm?

Benefits to the environment could include:

- Improving habitat for a wide range of interdependent plants and animals

- Provision of cleaner air, soil and water by reduced pollution

- Carbon sequestration

- Conservation of the local Australian flora and fauna for future generations

These could be monitored through the conduct of annual surveys of flora and fauna for number and diversity.

What groups might be involved?

• The local Landcare group, Greening Australia, WaterWatch

DPI and DSE. The local Catchment Management Authority may assist with advice about planning and implementation of the projects and have access to funding from various sources.

• Local interest groups might work together on a regional environmental problem. The group can be involved with the initial project and the ongoing management of the weeds, rabbits and foxes.

• Producer discussion groups and education groups might cooperate with off farm projects.

EVIDENCE GUIDE




The critical requirement for competency is an assessment that confirms the candidate’s ability to plan and develop strategies for:

- A sustainable improvement in biodiversity on a farm

- A sustainable improvement in productivity of a farm



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- Optimising use of available funds

- Cooperation with farmer and community groups to minimize land degradation and improve reclamation and protection


For valid assessment, the candidate must have an opportunity to participate in a range of exercises, case studies, real and simulated practical assessments that demonstrate the skills and knowledge needed to achieve this competency. The candidate must also have access to the following resources:

- A farm with remnants of natural bush, grassland and riparian zones

- A farm map

- The family and farm goals and philosophy

- Farm financial records for costs

- Local maps

- Local Landcare facilitator

- Local field guides for flora and fauna




Evidence should be gathered as part of the learning process where appropriate.


- Practical exercises such as development of a budget for a

Landcare project

- Written and/or oral questioning to assess knowledge and understanding of the complexity of the living systems

- Completion of learning materials, including analysis of case studies such as the review of existing natural areas and species indigenous to the area

- Practical demonstration, as in presenting a whole farm plan

- Development of a product e.g. development of a revegetation plan to increase biodiversity


- Case studies, which might include a farm in different rainfall zones, variation in natural biological systems for example coastal area, dry land salinity, forest region and wet lands. The farm may have different enterprises and enterprise mix.



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Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture * 22173VIC

22173VIC

Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture

Table of Contents

Section A: Copyright and course classification information...4

Section B: Course information ...................................................6

Section C: Units of competency ...............................................19

Section A: Copyright and course classification information

Section B: Course information

Section C: Units of competency

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Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture * 22173VIC

22173VIC

Diploma of Sustainable Agriculture

Table of Contents

Section A: Copyright and course classification information...4

Section B: Course information ...................................................6

Section C: Units of competency ...............................................19

Section A: Copyright and course classification information

Section B: Course information

Section C: Units of competency

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