EARTH SYSTEMS SEMESTER A FINAL EXAM REVIEW
Chapter 1 Introduction to Earth Science
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List 4 main areas of Earth science and explain what each branch does.
What is the Nebular Hypothesis?
List the 4 major spheres of Earth.
Draw and label the Earth’s spheres.
What are the 3 main parts of the geosphere?
What sphere includes oceans, lakes and glaciers?
What is longitude?
What is latitude?
Where is the Prime Meridian?
The differences in elevation are best shown on what type of map?
What does a Mercator map show?
What type of map is used for a weather map or road map?
On a topographic map the contour lines that form a circle indicate what?
See an example of a contour map on p14 to answer the following:
a. What is the height of Sugar Loaf Mountain?
b. What is the contour interval of this map?
c. What is the distance between Sugar Loaf Mountain and Bartlett?
If a map has a sale of 1:24,000 what does this mean?
Why is Earth and all its parts and processes considered a system?
What are the two sources of energy for the Earth?
The sun’s energy drives what two processes on Earth?
The energy from Earth’s interior powers what process?
When can a scientific hypothesis become a theory?
What is a hypothesis?
Answer the Review Content page 29 #1-10
Chapter 2 Minerals
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List the eight common elements found on Earth’s continental crust.
The most abundant element in Earth’s continental crust by weight is what?
What are the building blocks of minerals?
The central region of an atom is called what?
What is the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element?
How many neutrons are in an element with a mass number of 14 and an atomic number of 6?
What is an isotope?
What is a mineral?
Why is a glacier ice considered a mineral and water not?
Minerals form as a result of what process involving bodies of water?
Mineral formation from magma is called what?
Where on Earth do minerals form as a result of high heat and pressure?
How are minerals classified?
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Minerals in the sulfate and sulfite group contain what element?
The most common mineral in Earth’s crust is what?
What is luster?
The resistance to being scratched is what?
The color powder left from a mineral is known as what?
The Moh’s scale determines what property of a mineral?
What is the difference between fracture and cleavage?
What is the density of a mineral?
Answer the Review Content Questions p.61 #1-9
Chapter 3 Rocks
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What is a rock?
Which of the following is not a rock: coal, sandstone, pumice, and lava?
List the 3 types of rock?
The three groups of rock are classified by what?
See your rock cycle diagram page 67 or your notes. Study the steps.
The energy that drives the rock cycle on Earth comes from where?
What type of rock is formed by processes powered by the sun?
Magma hardened beneath the Earth’s surface is known as what?
Rock formed from cooling lava is classified as?
Lava that cools quickly forms rock that has what type of appearance?
Answer the Reviewing Content p. 89 1-10 and 19-22
Chapter 5 Weathering and 7.1 Glaciers
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What is mechanical weathering?
What is chemical weathering?
What factors affect the rate of weathering in rocks?
The Antarctic Ice Sheet holds how much of the Earth’s fresh water?
What percentage of the Earth is covered by glaciers?
Material deposited by glaciers is known as what?
Chapter 22 Origin of Modern Astronomy
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The apparent westward movement of a planet in the sky is known as what?
List the 4 inner planets.
List the 4 outer planets.
What is the geocentric model of the universe?
What is the shape of the planets orbit?
Which scientist first used a telescope in the study of astronomy?
Earth is closes to the sun at what point?
What is precession?
What movement gives Earth its night and day?
What causes the seasons?
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The moon is closest to the Earth when?
What period of the moon phases are changing from new to full?
What occurs when the moon casts a shadow on the Earth?
Round depressions on the Moon’s surface are known as what?
Answer the Reviewing Content p. 639 #1-10
Chapter 23 Our Solar System
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Which are the Jovian planets?
Which are the terrestrial planets?
What is the most obvious difference between Jovian planets and terrestrial planets?
The formation of the universe from a huge cloud of dust and gases is known as what?
What 2 gases make up the large percentage of the Jovian planets?
What is the smallest planet?
Between what two planets do most of the asteroids reside?
When a comet travels through our solar system the tail always does what?
Small particles that enter the Earth’s atmosphere producing streaks of light are known as what?
Answer the Reviewing Concepts p. 669 #1-10
Chapter 24 Our Sun
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List out the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
How is the Doppler Effect used in astronomy?
What was the first space telescope produced by NASA?
The layer of the sun that radiates light that reaches Earth is known as what?
The outermost layer of the sun is known as the what?
The sun’s surface is mainly made up of what gas?
The most explosive event that occurs on the sun is known as what?
The source of the sun’s energy comes from where?
Answer the Reviewing Content p. 695 #1-10