Mock Exam 2
BY 123 – Dr. Biga
Supplemental Instruction
1. Which of the following are in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics?
A) Energy can’t be create be destroyed.
B) Things in nature move toward increasing Entropy.
C) Entropy of a system may increase as long as the total entropy of the universe increases.
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
1. Conservation of Energy - Energy cannot be created or destroyeD)
2. Free energy is declining. Things in nature go towards disorder or randomness or an increase in
Entropy.
If the entropy of a system increases then the total entropy of the universe must decrease
2. Spontaneous reactions require _________ and __________.
A) energy input/ the stability of the system increases
B) no energy input/ the stability of the system decreases.
C) no energy input/ the stability of the system increases.
D) energy input/ the stability of the system decreases.
Exergonic – Spontaneous or favored reaction, delta G less that 0… energy released/ no energy
added stability increases
Endergonic – Nonspontaneous, delta G greater than 0…. had to add energy/ stability decreases
3. Changes in free energy are directly proportional to _________ and inversely proportional to
________.
A) Entropy/ Enthalpy
B) Disorder/ Heat
C) Enthalpy/ Entropy
D) None of the above
As H increases so does delta G…. as S increases delta G
decreases
4. If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster
yield of products is to _________.
A) heat the solution to 90 C
B) add more substrate
C) add a non competitive inhibitor
D) add an allosteric inhibitor
3. add more of the enzyme
The only way to turn more substrates into products is by adding more enzymes so the substrates
can bind to the active sites and be converted into products
5. Catabolism is to anabolism as __________ is to _____________.
A) free energy/ entropy
B) entropy / enthalpy
C) endergonic/ exergonic
D) exergonic/ endergonic
6. Enzymes are known as biological catalyst and _____________.
A) Increase delta G
B) Decrease delta G.
C) Increase activation energy
D) Decrease activation energy.
Catalysts only have kinetic properties… they don’t mess with themodynamics
7. Enzymes can turn __________.
A) Monosaccharaides into disaccharides
B) Disaccharides into monosaccharaides.
C) ADP into ATP.
D) ATP into ADP.
E) A and B only
f. All of the above
8. Enzymes can be affected by ___________.
A) Salt concentration
B) pH
C) Increase in temperature
D) Decrease in temperature
E) Only A B and C
f. All of the above
Temperature – denaturing of protein
pH – pepsin, trypsin
Salt Concentration – ions can alter the activity of enzymes
9. A molecule is added to a reaction containing enzymes and substrates. The molecule binds
away from the active site and changes the shape of the enzyme’s active site. This molecule is an
example of a _____________.
A) Competitive inhibitor.
B) Non-competitive inhibitor.
C) Additional enzyme
D) A cofactor
Noncompetitive inhibitors do not bind to the active sit but to somewhere else that ultimately changes the
shape of the active site which in turn does not allow the substrate to fit in the active site
10. How many ATP’s are made from substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 1
D) 3
Total vs Net Remember. Total 4 are made. You have to put 2 in. So net 2
11. The process of glycolysis takes place in the _______ of the cell and results in the creation of
2 ________ carbon molecules of ___________.
A) Mitochondria, 3 ,G3Ps
B) Cytosol, 2, Pyruvates
C) Mitochondria, 3, Pyruvates
D) Cytosol, 3, Pyruvates
12. The movement of Pyruvate into the Mitochondria is a(n) _________ form of transport?
A) Passive
B) Active
C) Cytosolic
D) Cooperative
Pyruvate is a charged molecule so in eukaryotic cells it must enter the mitochondrion via active
transport by way of a transport protein
13. How many ATPs are generated through oxidative phosphorylation by the Oxidation of
pyruvate?
A) 7 ATP
B) 4 ATP
C) 5 ATP
D) 8 ATP
2 Pyruvate molecules produce 2 NADH x 2.5 ATP per NADH = 5 ATP
Because the question asked about oxidative phosphorylation we have to think about the NADH,
which 2 are produced? No ATPs are produced by substrate level phosphorylation during this
step.
14. How many ATP’s are generated by oxidative phosphorylation only if 7 Acetly COA’s were
added to the mitochondria of a cell?
A) 52.5
B) 63
C) 57.5
D) 70
Each Acetyl Co A = 3 NADH and 1 FADH.
3 NADH per turn x 2.5 ATP per NADH x 7 turns (ACoas) = 52.5 ATP….. 1 FADH2 per turn x
1.5 ATP per x 7= 10.5 …… 10.5 + 52.5 = 63 ATP. The number 2.5 for NADH and 1.5 for
FADH can be found on page 176 in your book. I wanted to be sure that is the numbers in the
book. It is. UNLESS Dr. Biga has specifically different number in her lecture, these are what you
should use. Also make note that one ATP= 7.3kcal
15. The complete oxidation of 8 glucose molecules would take _____ turns of the Krebb’s
Cycle?
A) 8
B) 24
C) 12
D) 16
8 x 2…. 2 turns to oxidize a glucose molecule
16. In humans the process of fermentation results in the creation of __________ from
___________.
A) NADH / lactate
B) ethanol / pyruvate
C) lactate /pyruvate
D) ATP / lactate
Bateria make ethanol
17. A soft drink provides 5 molecules of Citric acid, how many ATP’s are made from substrate
level phosphorylation?
A) 8
B) 10
C) 5
D) 7
1 ATP is made from each turn of the Krebs’s cycle. Substrate so we are not talking about the
ATP that will be generated from NADHs and FADHs produced, that’s oxidative.
18. The color _____________ contains the _____________ energy and the ___________
wavelength.
A) Indigo/ highest/ shortest
B) Red/ lowest/ longest
C) Violet/ highest/ longest
D) Green/ lowest/ highest
ROYGBIV Violet = Highest energy… and shortest WL
19. Electrons found in photosystem 1 are replenished by _____________, those found in
photosystem 2 are replenished by _____________.
A) the electron transport chain #1/ the splitting of water
B) the splitting of water/ the electron transport chain #1
C) the splitting of Water/ the electron transport chain #2
D) the electron transport chain #2/ the splitting of water
20. In cyclic photophosphorylation, ________ is not created.
A) NADH
B) 02
C) ATP
D) Both A and B
Shunts electrons away from the 2nd electron transport chain into the first electron transport chain
which results in ATP… remember we use 9 ATP per3 CO2 in the calvin cycle compared to only
6 NADPH this is why we do the cyclic sometimes
21. _____________ is used in ETC/cellular respiration to create ATP by the high H+
concentration in the __________ and the low H+ concentration in _____________ in animal
cells. ____________ Is used in photosynthesis to create ATP by the high H+ concentration in
the __________ and the low H+ concentration in _____________ in plant cells.
A) ATP synthase/ matrix/ intermembrane space/ ATP synthase/ Stroma/ Thylakoid memebrane
B) Proton Pump/ intermembrane space/ matrix/ ATP synthase/ intermemebrane space/ stroma
C) Proton pump / cytosol/ matrix/ Proton Pump/ outer membrane space/ thylakoid memebrane
D) ATP synthase/ intermemebrane space/ matrix/ ATP Synthase/ thylaloid space/ stroma
22. In order to make 5 6-carbon molecules you would use _________ in the Calvin Cycle?
A) 30 CO2/ 90 ATP/ 60 NADH
B) 20 CO2/ 75 ATP/ 50 NADH
C) 30 CO2/ 90 ATP/ 60 NADPH
D) 32 CO2/ 90 ATP/ 55 NADPH
6 C02 per Glucose *5 = 30 9 ATP per 3 C02 *10 turns = 90 ATP,
6 *10 = 60 NADPH
23. RUBISCO has the highest affinity for binding _________ to ____________.
A) CO2/ Ribulose Phosphate
B) 02/ Ribulose Phosphate
C) C02/ Ribulose Bisphosphate
D) 02/ Ribulose Bisphosphate
Sorry guys this was incorrect it is C! Thanks to the student who brought that to my attention
24. The elongation of the cell in mitosis is caused by the ______ of the _____________. The
Separation of sister chromatids is caused by the _______ of __________.
A) Shortening/ Kinetochore/ Lengthening/ Non kinetochore
B) Lengthening/ Non Kinetochore/ Shortening/ Kinetochore
C) Shortening/ Non Kinetochore/ Shortening/ Non kinetochore
D) Lengthening/ Kinetochore/ Lengthening/ Kinetochore
25. The arrangement of a kinetochore would be ____________.
A) increasing
B)9+0
C) Semi circular
D) 9+2
Kinetochores are made of microtubules… microtubules display a 9+2 arrangement
26. The drug Cytochalasin B blocks the function of actin. Which of the following aspects of the
cell cycle would be most disrupted?
A) DNA Synthesis
B) Spindle formation
C) Spindle attatchment
D) Cleavage furrow formation
E) Cell elongation during anaphase
27. An animal has 2n = 64. How many chromosomes are lined up at the metaphase plate in
mitosis? How many sister chromatids are present?
A) 32/ 64
B) 16/ 32
C) 64/ 128
D) 72/ 144
28. Meiosis I is the ____________ and Meiosis 2 is the ________________.
A) separation of chromatids/ separation of homologous chromosomes
B) Separation of homologous chromosomes/ separation of chromatids
C) crossing over of sister chromatids/ separation of chromosomes
D) separation of chromosomes/ crossing over of sister chromatids
29. A cell that is 2n = 6 results in __________ cells with __________ chromosomes at the end
of meiosis II?
A) 2/4
B) 4/3
C) 4/4
D) 2/3
30. With each round of spermatogenesis ___________ viable sperm cells are made?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
31. With each round of oogenesis ___________ viable egg cells are made?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
32. Primary spermatocytes have ________ chromosomes and ____________ chromatids, while
secondary spermatocytes have ___________ chromatids and ____________ chromosomes.
A) 23/46/92/46
B) 23/96/92/23
C) 46/92/46/23
D) 23/92/23/46
Be sure to read careful, notice chromosomes and chromatids are switched around. The
chromatids are always double the chromosome.
33. Food is taken in as ____________ energy and is transformed into ___________ energy when
an organism uses this energy to move.
A. thermal, potential
B. potential, mechanical
C. chemical, kinetic
D. mechanical, thermal
E. potential, thermal
34. Which of the following is a reason why high fevers can be dangerous?
A. They directly slow down reactions. ( This has to be very high, if it were extreme, you could
denature and ultimately slow reactions however the initial rise in temperature will speed up
reactions typically)
B. They denature enzymes.
C. They denature proteins.
D. B and C
E. All of the above.
35. The concentration of an enzyme is .03 M before a reaction. What would the concentration be
after a reaction?
A. .06 M
B. .003 M
C. .03 M
D. .3 M
E. The exact concentration cannot be calculated, but it would be substantially higher.
36. When O2 binds to hemoglobin, it primes the hemoglobin, making it easier for the rest of the
O2 molecules to bind. This is an example of:
A. Allosteric binding
B. Cooperativity
C. Non-competitive inhibition
D. Competitive inhibition
E. A and C
37. Which type of enzymes play an important role in substrate-level phosphorylation?
A. Kinases
B. Isomerases
C. Mutases
D. Enolases
E. ATP Synthase
38. Which of the following is not true?
A. Reducing agents are electron donors.
B. Oxidizing agents are electron acceptors.
C. Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
D. Reduction is the gain of electrons.
E. NAD+ is a reducing agent.
39. A mutation prevents the formation of cristae in the mitochondria. What process would be
affected by this mutation?
A. Glycolysis
B. Photosynthesis
C. The electron transport chain
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
40. What is the difference between substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative
phosphorylation?
A. Substrate level phosphorylation involves the transfer of a phosphate group directly from an
organic molecule to ADP using an enzyme and oxidative phosphorylation uses chemiosmosis
and ATP synthase
B. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in cellular respiration and substrate level
phosphorylation does not.
C. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs directly in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle and substrate
level phosphorylation does not.
D. Substrate level phosphorylation occurs only in cellular respiration while oxidative
phosphorylation occurs only in photosynthesis.
E. None of the above.
41. Which of the following is most directly responsible for ATP formation in oxidative
phosphorylation?
A. The series of redox reactions that occurs when the electrons descend down the chain.
B. The formation of water.
C. Protons moving through ATP synthase.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
42. True or false: The same number of ATP is always formed in cellular respiration.
False
43. What is the difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?
A. Lactic acid is the starting material in lactic acid fermentation, while ethanol is the starting
material in alcoholic fermentation.
B. Ethanol fermentation occurs in the presence of oxygen, while lactic acid does not.
C. Humans can perform alcoholic fermentation, but not lactic acid fermentation.
D. Lactic acid fermentation uses pyruvate as the final electron acceptor, while alcoholic
fermentation uses acetaldehyde as the final electron acceptor.
E. Facultative anaerobes perform lactic acid fermentation, while obligate anaerobes perform
alcoholic fermentation.
44. Cellular respiration is a/an ____________ reaction. Photosynthesis is a/an ___________
reaction. Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis are ____________ reactions.
A. Exergonic, exergonic, exergonic
B. Exergonic, endergonic, redox
C. Endergonic, exergonic, redox
D. Hydrolysis, dehydration, redox
E. None of the above.
45. A mutant lung cell begins mitosis with 16 chromosomes. How many sister chromatids will
be present during metaphase?
A. 16
B. 32
C. 72
D. 48
E. There is not enough information to determine the number present during metaphase.
47. What phase of mitosis is this cell in?
A. Prophase
B. Prometaphase
C. Metaphase
D. Anaphase
E. Telephase
48. Why are C4 plants more suited for hot, dry climates than C3 plants?
A. They do not close their stomata in hot, dry weather
B. They evolved in cold weather but migrated to the tropics, where they are now more suitable
C. They suspend photosynthesis in the heat
D. They keep fixing carbon dioxide even when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the leaf is
low
E. A and D
49. While cellular respiration uses ___________ to drive the synthesis of ATP, photosynthesis
utilizes ____________.
A. Hydrogen ion gradient, the splitting of water
B. Hydrogen ion gradient, hydrogen ion gradient
C. Splitting of water, splitting of water
D. NADH, FADH2
E. Glucose, light
50. Which of the following are required for the Calvin cycle?
A. Light
B. CO2
C. ATP
D. A and B
E. B and C
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/respiration.htm
This is a good summary of many processes. ^^^
SLP= substrate level phosphorylation Ox= oxidative
Energy Breakdown
SLP
Ox. Phos
Glycolysis
2 ATP Net
2 NADH
Ox of Pyruvate
0 ATP
2 NADH
Citric Cycle
2 ATP total
6 NADH & 2 FADH2
4 ATP from SLP
10 NADH x 2.5 ATP eq. = 25 ATP
2 FADH2 x 1.5 ATP eq. = 3 ATP
1 NADH = 2.5 ATP eq.
1 FADH2 = 1.5 ATP eq.
4 ATP from SLP + 28 ATP from Ox. Phos = 32 ATP
GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!!