‫בס"ד‬
Faculty of Social Science
Analyzing Media Frames
63-234-18
Lecturer name: Dr. Shani Horowitz-Rozen
School year: 2015-16
Semester: 1st (Tuesday, 14:00-15:30)
Year:1st year
Credits: 1 annual credits
Office Hours: Tuesday, 13:00-14:00
Office: Building 109, room 2
Office phone: 03-7384303
Email: shanihz@gmail.com
A. Course objectives and purposes:
This course will focus on the study of framing theory and will introduce key concepts of the theory,
including methodological and empirical aspects in current communication research. This course
will also provide the students with knowledge and understanding of the moderate to powerful media
effects paradigm, including agenda setting and priming. The course seeks to deepen the
understanding of the framing theory and its implications to communication research. Application of
the framing theory will extend the theoretical discussion to relevant updates Israeli and international
case studies and events.
B. Course Topics: Major Parts
1. Theoretical foundations: Media effects, agenda setting, framing and priming.
2. Analyzing media frames: examining contemporary case studies.
C. Course Pedagogical Tools
The class lectures will include slide presentations, video clips, as well as discussions based on
thought-provoking questions and homework readings.
D. Course Requirements and Final Grading*
1. Reading the requested material for each class.
2. Paper – (10-12 pages). The paper will include a short literature review on one or two theoretical
aspects of framing theory, and an application of the theory to a case study chosen by the students.
Specific guidelines will be announced in class: 40%.
3. Final, end-of-course exam -- including lecture material, section discussions and bibliography:
60%.
* Students must receive a minimum grade of 60 in each requirement to pass the course.
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E. Course Program
Lecture topics and readings
The readings with an asterisk* are mandatory.
Theoretical foundations: Media effects, agenda setting, framing and priming.
Lecture 1: Introduction: Media effects
Jennings, B., Thompson, S., & Finklea, B.C. (2013). Fundamentals of media effects (2nd ed.). Long
Grove, Ill: Waveland Press. (Ch. 1,2).
Neuman, W.R., & Guggenheim, L. (2011). The evolution of media effects theory: A six-stage
model of cumulative research. Communication theory, 21, 169-196.
*McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s mass communication theory (6th ed.). London: Sage Publications.
(pp. TBA).
Reserved under MAC-QUA m6 (2382804)
Lecture 2: The agenda setting school: Agenda setting, framing and priming
*McCombs, E.M., Shaw, D.L., & Weaver, D.H. (2014). New directions in agenda setting theory
and research. Mass communication & society, 17(6), 781-802.
Ejournal (2404450)
*McCombs, M., & Ghanem, S. I. (2001). The convergence of agenda setting and framing. In S.
Resse, O. Gandy & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life (pp. 67-81). Mahwah, New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Reserved under FRA (568600)
Ghanem, S. (1997). Filling in the tapestry: The second level of agenda setting. In M. McCombs, D.
L. Shaw & D. Weaver (Eds.), Communication and democracy: Exploring the intellectual
frontiers in agenda-setting theory (pp. 3-14). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Maher, T. M. (2001). Framing: An emerging paradigm or a phase of agenda setting? In S. Reese, O.
Gandy & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life (pp.83-94). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
McCombs, M.E. (2005). A look at agenda-setting: Past, present and future. Journalism studies,
6(4), 543-557.
Scheufele, D.A., & Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, agenda setting and priming: The evolution of
three media effects models. Journal of communication, 57, 9-20.
McCombs, M.E. & Shaw, D.L. (1993). The evolution of agenda-setting research: Twenty-five years
in the marketplace of ideas. Journal of communication, 43, 2, 58-67.
Roskos-Ewoldsen, D.R., Roskos-Ewoldsen, B., & Dillman-Carpentier, F.R. (2002). Media priming:
A synthesis. In B. Jennings & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and
research (2nd ed.) (pp.97-120). Mahwah, NJ: Elbaum Associates.
Lecture 3+4: What is framing: Psychological and sociological origins of framing theory
*Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice.
Science, 211(4481), 453-458.
Journal in the Physics & Life Sciences libraries + Ejournal (135020)
*Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay based on the organization of experience. Boston:
Northeastern University Press (Ch. TBA).
303.33 GOF f (141868)
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*Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of
communication, 43, 51-58.
Ejournal (155002)
*Bora, P. (2011). Conceptual issues in framing theory: A systematic examination of a decade's
literature. Journal of communication, 61, 246-263.
Ejournal (155002)
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1984). Choices, values and frames. American psychologist, 39(4),
341-350.
Wicks, R.H. (2011). Media information processing. In J. Bryant & P. Vorderer (Eds.). Psychology
of entertainment (85-104). NY: Routledge.
Nelson, T.E., & Willey, E.A. (2001). Issue frames that strike a value balance: A political
psychology perspective. In S. Reese, O. Gandy & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing pubic life (pp. 245268). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
D’angelo, P. (2002). News Framing as a Multiparadigmatic Research Program: A Response to
Entman. Journal of communication, 52(4), 870-888.
Gamson, W.A. & Modigliani, A. (1989). Media discourse and public opinion on nuclear power: A
constructionist approach. American journal of sociology, 95, 1-37.
Reese, S. (2007). The framing project: A bridging model for media research. Journal of
communication, 57(1), 148-154.
Scheufele, D.A., & Iyengar, S. (2011). The state of framing research: A call for new directions.
Research paper, Political communication lab, Stanford University. Retrieved from:
http://pcl.stanford.edu/research/2011/scheufele-framing.pdf
Scheufele, D. A. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effects. Journal of communication, 49(1),
103-122.
Lecheler, S., & de Vreese, C. (2013). What a difference a day makes? The effects of repetitive and
competitive news framing over time. Communication research, 40, 2, 147-175.
Gilliam, F.D., Aubrun, A., Grady, J., & Bostrom, M. (2005). Framing public issues. Washington:
Frameworks Institute. (pp. TBA).
Lecheler, S., de Vreese, C., & Slothuus, R. (2009). Issue importance as a moderator of framing
effects. Communication research, 36, 3, 400-425.
Lecture 5: Cultural approach to framing
*Van Gorp, B. (2007). The construction approach to framing: Bringing culture back in. Journal of
communication, 57(1), 60-78.
Ejournal (155002)
Van Gorp, B. (2014). Culture and protest in media frames. In K. Fahlenbrach, E. Sivertsen & R.
Werenskjold (Eds.), Media and Revolt: Strategies and Performances from the 1960s to the
Present (pp. 75-90). NY: Berghahn Books
Huang, Y., & Fahmy, S. (2013). Picturing a journey of protest or a journey of harmony? Comparing
the visual framing of the 2008 Olympic torch relay in the US versus the Chinese press. Media,
war & conflict, 6(3), 191-206.
Lecture 6+7: Methodological aspects of framing
*Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. (pp. TBA).
Chicago: University of Chicago press.
302.2345 IYE I (186430)
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*Tankard, J.W. (2001). The empirical approach to the study of media framing. In S. Reese, O.
Gandy & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing pubic life (pp. 95-105). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Reserved under FRA (568600)
Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (1993). Framing analysis: An approach to news discourse. Political
communication, 10(1), 55-75.
Pan, Z., & Kosicki, G. (2001). Framing as strategic action in public deliberation. In S. Reese, O.
Gandy & A. Grant (Eds.), Framing pubic life (pp. 35-65). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
Analyzing media frames: Examining contemporary case studies
Lecture 8: Analyzing news frames
*Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. Chicago:
University of Chicago press.
302.2345 IYE I (186430)
Iyengar, S. (1996). Framing responsibility for political issues, ANNALS, 546, 59-70.
Iyengar, S., & Simon, A. (1993). News coverage of the gulf crisis and public opinion: A study of
agenda-setting, priming and framing. Communication research, 20, 365-383.
Feldman, L., & Young, D. G. (2008). Late-night comedy as a gateway to traditional news: An
analysis of time trends in news attention among late-night comedy viewers during the 2004
presidential primaries. Political Communication, 25(4), 401-422.
Dunaway, J., & Lawrence, R.G. (2015). What predicts the game frame? Media ownership, electoral
context and campaign news. Political communication, 32(1), 43-60.
Kogen, L. (2015). Not up for debate: U.S. news coverage of hunger in Africa. International
communication gazette, 77(1), 3-23.
Hossain, M.D. (2014). Manufacturing consent: Framing the liberation war of Bangladesh in the US
and UK media. Journalism, Online first March 24, 2014
Lecture 10: Analyzing entertainment media frames
*Mulligan, K., & Habel, P. (2013). The implications of fictional media for political beliefs.
American politics research, 41(1), 122-146.
Ejournal (1103973)
Mulligan, K., & Habel, P. (2011). An experimental test of the effects of fictional framing on
attitudes. Social science quarterly, 92(1), 79-99.
Holbert, R.L., Tschida, D.A., Dixon, M., Cherry, K., Steuber, K., & Airne, D. (2005). The West
Wing and depictions of the American Presidency: Expanding the domains of framing in
political communication. Communication quarterly, 53(4), 505-522.
Mutz, D.C., & Nir, L. (2010). Not Necessarily the News: Does fictional television influence realworld policy preferences? Mass communication & society, 13(2), 196-217.
Hall, B., & Redford, P. (Writers), & Le Salle, E. (Director). (2014). Blame Canada [series episode].
In T. Leoni & S. Hoffman (Producers), Madam Secretary. LA: CBS Television Studios.
Van Gorp, B., Emons, P., Rommes, E. (2014). From the wizard to the doubter: Prototypes of
scientists and engineers in fiction and non-fiction media aimed at Dutch children and
teenagers. Public understanding of science, 23(6), 648-661.
Morgan, S.E., Harrison, T.R., Chewning, L., Davis, L., & Dicorcia, M. (2007). Entertainment
(Mis)education: The framing of organ donation in entertainment television. Health
communication, 22(2), 143-151.
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Lecture 11: Framing social problems
*Egan, P.J. (2011). Public opinion, the media and social issues. In R.Y. Shapiro & L. Jacobs (Eds.).
The Oxford handbook of American public opinion and the media. (pp. 622-638). New York:
The Oxford University Press Inc.
Reserved under OXF 2011 (1215396)
*Wade, L. (2011). Journalism, advocacy and the social construction of consensus. Media, culture &
society, 33, 8, 1166-1184.
Ejournal (125702)
*Gottlieb, J. (2015). Protest news framing cycle: How the New York Times covered occupy Wall
Street. International journal of communication, 9, 231-253.
Ejournal (2385233)
McDonald, K. & Scaife, W. (2011). Print media portrayals of giving: Exploring national 'cultures of
philanthropy'. International journal of nonprofit and voluntary sector marketing, 16(4), 311324.
Hove, T., Hye-Jin, P., Isaacson, T., & Cole, R.T. (2013). Newspaper portrayals of child abuse:
Frequency of coverage and frames of the issue. Mass communication and society, 16, 1, 89108.
Larsen, C.A., & Dejgaard, T.E. (2013). The institutional logic of images of the poor and welfare
recipients: A comparative study of British, Swedish and Danish newspapers. Journal of
European social policy, 23, 3, 287-299.
Gamson, W.A., Croteau, D., Hoynes, W. & Sasson, T. (1992). Media images and the social
construction of reality. Annual review of sociology, 18, 373-393.
Clawson, R.A., & Trice, R. (2000). Poverty as we know it: Media portrayals of the poor. Public
opinion quarterly, 64, 53-64.
Bullock, H.E., Fraser-Wyche, K., & Williams, W.R. (2001). Media images of the poor. Journal of
social issues, 57, 2, 229-246.
Lecture 9: Framing environmental issues
*Lakoff, G. (2010). Why it matters how we frame the environment. Environmental communication,
4(1), 70-81.
Ejournal (2404764)
*Feldman, L. (2013). Cloudy with a chance of heat balls: The portrayal of global warming on The
Daily Show and The Colbert Report. International Journal of Communication, 7, 430-451.
Ejournal (2385233)
Hansen, A. (2011). Communication, media and environment: Towards reconnecting research on the
production, content and social implications of environmental communication. International
communication gazette, 73(1-2), 7-25.
Meisler, M. & Japp, P.M. (Eds.). (2002). Enviropop: Studies in environmental rhetoric and popular
culture. Westport, CT: Praeger. (Ch. 1, 5, 8).
Wickman, C. (2014). Rhetorical framing in corporate press releases: The case of British Petroleum
and the Gulf oil spill. Environmental communication, 8(1), 2014.
Campbell, V. (2014). Framing environmental risks and natural disasters in factual entertainment
television. Environmental communication, 8(1), 58-74.
Hansen, A., & Machin, D. (2013). Researching visual environmental communication.
Environmental communication, 7(2), 151-168.
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Jonsson, A.M. (2011). Framing environmental risks in the Baltic Sea: A news media analysis.
Ambio, 40(2), 121-132.
Feldman, L. (2013). Learning about politics from The Daily Show: The role of viewer orientation
and processing motivations. Mass Communication & Society, 16(4), 586-607.
Feldman, L., Maibach, E., W., Roser-Renouf, C., & Leiserowitz, A. (2012). Climate on cable: The
nature and impact of global warming coverage on Fox News, CNN, and MSNBC. International
Journal of Press/Politics, 17(1), 3-31.
Lecture 12: Framing Israeli cultural, social and political aspects
*Lemish, D. (2014). The whore and the other: Israeli press images of female immigrants from the
former USSR. In: Caspi, D., & Elias, N. (Eds.). Ethnic minorities and media in the holy land.
(pp. 13-26). Edgware, Middlesex, UK: Vallentine-Mitchell.
N/A
*First, A. (2014). A new century and still the enemy: The portrayal of Arabs in Israeli TV news
during 2000-11. In: Caspi, D., & Elias, N. (Eds.). Ethnic minorities and media in the holy land.
(pp. 43-58). Edgware, Middlesex, UK: Vallentine-Mitchell.
N/A
Cavari, A., & Gabay, I. (2014). Coverage of foreign events on US local television news: The 2006
Lebanon war. Israel studies review¸29(1), 62-89.
Jennings, B., Thompson, S., & Finklea, B.C. (2013). Fundamentals of media effects (2nd ed.). Long
Grove, Ill: Waveland Press. (Ch. 16 – the effects of stereotyping).
Shifman, L. (2012). Satire in the Holy Wonderland: The Comic Framing of Arab Leaders in Israel.
Popular communication: The international journal of media and culture, 10(1-2), 94-105.
Lecture 13: Summary and review for final exam
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