Dr. Carney Jackson
Date: Tuesday, November 11, 2014
Time: 8:00 a.m.-8:50 a.m.
Presentation Title: Equine Enteric and Hepatic Pathology
Session Title: Concurrent Session IV: Equine Pathology
Extended abstract
Review of liver conditions in equine with selected gross images.
Theiler’s disease- Indentification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flavivirudae
family in an aoutbreak of equine serum hepatitis. Chandriani S, Skewes-Cox P, Zhong W, Ganem
DE, Divers TJ, Van Blaricum AJ, Tennant BC, Kistler AL. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr
9;110(15) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Apr 9;110(15
Hepatoencephalopaty and hypocalcemia in a miniature horse mare. Scarratt WK, Furr MO,
Robertson JL. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1991 Dec 15;199(12):1754-6.
Equine hepatic bacterial disease- C. piliforme Bacillus
Sarcocyst- Hepatic sarcocystosis in a horse
Hepatic lipidosis of donkeys and ponies- Hepatic-lipidosis in a post parturient mare.
Hepatic lobe torsion in a horse
Hypoglycemia and hepatic ischemic necrosis after small intestinal incarceration through
the epiploic foramen in a horse.
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic ischemia
Toxic hepatopathy- Suspected hepatotoxicity in neonatal foals
Toxic hepatopathy in neonatal foals
Aflatoxicosis in the weanling pony
GI anatomy review with selected gross images.
Equine digestive problem review with selected gross images.
Quid- Tooth malformation causing the dropping of food or saliva
Esophageal obstruction/choke
Colic:
1)Obstruction, mal-position of parts, rectal tear
1) Poor quality feed or haystuffs
2) Poor dentition
3) Impaction- Sand, meconium
4) Decrease in amount of water being taken in due to low quantity or low palatability
5) Worm infestations
6) Strangulation- Lipomas, Meckel’s diverticulum, Umbilical/diaphragmatic hernia
7) Enteroliths
2) Impaction http://veterinarynews.dvm360.com/dvm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=94473
3) Spasmodic colic
4) Gastritis/ulceration
5) Fermentation or gas colic
6) NSAID- Stomach ulcers, colitis, kidneys
Diarrheal disease
Dysautonomia
Adhesion
Bowel twist/torsion, perforation
Endo-toxemia- bad gut flora overwhelming the good
Gastric distention
1) Cribbing
2) Microorganisms
3) Food stuff swelling after digestion
4) Highly digestible feeds (corn) causes gas build up in GI tract
5) Rapid ingestion of large amount of water
6) Gastrointestinal irritation from blister beetles
Eosinophilic enterocolitis
Pancreatitis
Neoplasia/Infiltrative bowel disease
Lymphoma, granulomatous enteritis, lymphocytic-plasmacytic enterocolitis
Multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease, eosinophilic enterocolitis
Melanoma (eg. salivary glands), intestinal adenocarcinoma
ParasitismEpiploic foramen intestine strangulation
Edema renal failure
Stomach rupture
Foals with Lactase Deficiency (Lactose Intolerance) http://www.merckmanuals.com
Foal heat diarrhea
Neonatal foal differential DXs- Meconium retention, Enterocolitis
Uroperitoneum
Ileus
Herniation (inguinal, diaphragmatic, or external)
Gastric ulceration
Small intestine volvulus
Intussusception
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Peritonitis
Intestinal atresia
Ileocolonic aganglionosis/Lethal white syndrome
Large colon torsion (Slovis Infectious GI disorders in Foals)
Trauma
Equine intestine bacterial diseasesClostridial- Clostridium botulinum
Enteritis- Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella anatum,
Lawsonia intracellularis, Melioidosis- Pseudomonas pseudomallei
Ulceration of intestine- Sphaerophorus necrophorus
Listeria monocytogenes
MycobacteriumMesenteric lymph nodes- Rhodococcus abscessation
Neorickettsia risticii (Potomac horse fever)
Equine intestinal viral diseaseRotavirus
Coronavirus
References:
2001 / Vol. 47 / AAEP PROCEEDINGS MILNE LECTURE: GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE
A New Look at Equine Gastrointestinal Anatomy, Function, and Selected Intestinal Displacements
Equine proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/eidrl/local-assets/pdfs/Article_31.pdf
Intestinal bacterial diseases of horses
http://www.mds-usa.com/micro_bacteriology_horses.html
Equine proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis
http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/eidrl/local-assets/pdfs/Article_31.pdf
Intestinal bacterial diseases of horses
http://www.mds-usa.com/micro_bacteriology_horses.html
INFECTIOUS GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS Nathan M. Slovis DVM, Diplomate
ACVIM, CHT Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY
Identification of a previously undescribed divergent virus from the Flaviviridae family
in an outbreak of equine serum hepatitis Chandriani S, Skewes-Cox P, Zhong W,
Ganem DE, Divers TJ, Van Blaricum AJ, Tennant BC, Kistler AL Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219217110 (2013).
http://www.pnas.org/content/110/15/E1407
http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/03/15/1219217110
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219217110
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23509292
Distinctive virus behind mystery horse disease, Ed Yong, 18 March 2013
http://www.nature.com/news/distinctive-virus-behind-mystery-horse-disease-1.12624
Theiler's disease virus identified http://www.equinescienceupdate.com/articles/tdvi.html
Theiler’s disease (acute serum hepatitis) causative agent identified, 21 Mar 2013
http://www.beva.org.uk/news-and-events/news/view/386
British Equine Veterinary Association
Etiology and Prevention of Equine Serum Hepatitis (Theiler's Disease) Dr. Thomas Divers
http://www.vet.cornell.edu/Zweig/Projects/Divers13.cfm
Amit Kapoor, Peter Simmonds, , John M Cullen, , Troels Scheel, Jan. L. Medina, Federico
Giannitti, Eiko Nishiuchi, Kenny V. Brock, Peter D. Burbelo, Charles M. Rice and W. Ian Lipkin,
Identification of a pegivirus (GBV-like virus) that infects horses, J. Virol. 17 Apr 13
Hepatoblastoma, Siobhan B. McAuliffe, Color atlas of diseases and disorders of the Horse, 2nd ed.,
Chapter 2 Conditions of the Liver, Spleen and Pancreas, p99.