Make-up work
Module H
Cell Theory
1. What is metastasis? ______________________________________________________
2.
3.
List the 7 warning signs of cancer.
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
d. _______________________
e. _______________________
f. _______________________
g. _______________________
Each lung is covered by a sac called the _______________________.
4.
The meninges is the protective covering of the ___________________________________.
5.
The body has four cavities. Name each and what organs are located in each cavity.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Integumentary
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. Friction
2. Eczema
3. Epidermis
4. Dermatitis
5. Dermis
a. areas of body where bone is close to the skin, such as
elbows, shoulder blades, sacrum
b. outer layer of kin containing melanin, nerve endings,
but no blood vessels
c. 2 surfaces rub together
d. points where the body bears much of the weight
e. a serious wound caused by poor circulation, resulting
from pressure
6. Bony Prominences
f. found in epidermis gives the skin primary color
7. Shearing
g. red, itching areas on the surface of skin
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8. Integumentary System
h. layer of skin under the epidermis contains hair and nail
follicles, sweat & oil glands, blood vessels, nerves &
touch receptors
9. Melanin
i. inflammation of skin
10. Pressure Points
11. Pressure ulcers
j. the skin; the largest organ and system in the body,
responsible for providing a natural protective covering of
the body
k. skin moves in one direction and underneath tissue
remains fixed
12. What changes due to aging are normal for the integumentary system? __________________
______________________________________________________________________________
13. What is the function of the integumentary system? _________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
14. What are liver spots? _________________________________________________________
15. Describe the 4 stages of pressure ulcers.
stage 1 _________________________________________________________________
stage 2 _________________________________________________________________
stage 3 _________________________________________________________________
stage 4 _________________________________________________________________
16. What is psoriasis? ___________________________________________________________
17. What is shingles? ___________________________________________________________
18. What is impetigo? __________________________________________________________
19. What is gangrene? _________________________________________________________
20. What should NAs remember when caring for older adults (circle all that apply):
a. Older adults do not need complete bed baths every day
b. Massage any reddened areas to increase circulation
c. Older adults often need lotion for moisture
d. The RN will do all skin observation
e. Rub skin thoroughly to dry and to increase circulation
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f. Layer clothes for extra warmth
g. Limit fluids
21. A common cause of pressure ulcers includes (circle all that apply):
a. Shearing
b. Ambulation every 2 hours
c. Moisture
d. Friction
e. Tourque
f. High protein diet
g. Pressure
h. Trauma
22. List 10 pressure points on the human body: ______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
23. Which of the following can prevent pressure ulcers? (circle all that apply)
i. Keeping the resident on strict bedrest
j. Turning a resident every 2 hours
k. Allowing a resident to sleep all night long uninterrupted
l. Keeping a resident clean and dry
m. Keeping linens dry and clean
n. Massaging any pressure site
Musculoskeletal
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
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1. Supination
a. connect muscle to bone
2. Osteoarthritis
3. Muscles
4. Opposition
b. turning upward
c. stretched or torn ligaments or tendons
d. involuntary muscle of the inner linings of organs
5. Fracture
e. voluntary muscle that powers movement of the skeleton
6. Extension
f. systemic, crippling disease causing deformities, with
stiff, painful, swollen joints
7. Flexion
g. turning downward
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8. Internal Rotation
h. bending the foot downward at the ankle, also known as
foot drop
9. Abduction
i. spongy type of bone that breaks easily
10. Adduction
j. disease affects weight-bearing joints, with aches,
stiffness, limited motion
11. Amputation
k. touching the thumb to a finger of the same hand
12. Arthritis
13. Bone Marrow
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l. system of the body that provides structure and
movement for the body
m. structure of the body that powers movement of
skeleton and helps body stay erect
14. Bones
n. damage of the muscle caused by trauma
15. Cardiac Muscle
o. muscle mass decreases in size
16. Dorsiflexion
p. connect bone to bone
17. Contracture
q. points where bones meet and consist of cartilage and
connective tissue that cushion the bones, allowing for
movement of the area
18. Joints
r. moving a body part away from the midline
19. Ligaments
s. moving a body part toward the midline
20. Muscle Atrophy
t. removal of all or part of a limb
21. Muscle Strain
u. inflammation of the joints
22. Musculoskeletal
System
v. soft and spongy inside part of the bone
23. Opposition
w. hard and rigid structures that make up the skeleton and
together form the framework of the body
24. Osteoporosis
x. involuntary muscle of the heart
25. Plantar Flexion
y. permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable
joints
26. Pronation
z. bending the toes and foot upward at the ankle
27. Rheumatoid
Arthritis
aa. straightening a body part
28. Skeletal Muscles
bb. turning the joint outward
29. Smooth Muscles
cc. turning the joint inward
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30. Tendons
dd. break in the bone
31. Sprain
ee. bending a body part
32. What is the function of the musculoskeletal system? _______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
33. What changes due to aging are normal for the musculoskeletal system? _________________
______________________________________________________________________________
34. What does the bone marrow makes and store? _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
35.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
What is the function and an example of the:
Hinge joint _____________________________________________________________
Ball and socket joint ______________________________________________________
Pivot joint _____________________________________________________________
Long bone _____________________________________________________________
Short bone _____________________________________________________________
Flat bone ______________________________________________________________
36. What is a greenstick fracture? _________________________________________________
37. Where is synovial fluid found? ________________________________________________
38. Where are the voluntary muscles? ______________________________________________
39. Where are the involuntary muscles? ____________________________________________
40. What is asphasia? __________________________________________________________
41. What is osteoarthritis? ______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
42. What is gout? ____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
43. What is rheumatoid arthritis? _________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
44. How many vertebrae are there? _______________________________________________
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45.
a.
b.
c.
Define the following:
Paraplegic _____________________________________________________________
Quadriplegic ___________________________________________________________
Hemiplegic ____________________________________________________________
Neurological
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. Brain
a. damage to optic nerve caused by pressure
4. Cataract
b. not being able to hear normal range of sounds that can
be heard with normal hearing
c. structures that are made up of nerve cells or neurons
that carry messages to and from the brain and to and
from the rest of the body
d. the control and message center of the body
5. Cerebellum
e. nerve cells
6. Cerebrum
f. infection of the middle ear
2. Brainstem
3. CVA
7. Deafness
8. Dementia
9. Glaucoma
g. progressive nervous disease due to destruction of
brain cells
h. receive impulses from environment and relay
impulses to brain including skin, tongue, nose, eyes, and
ears
i. located within the spine, connected to the brain and
conducts messages between the brain and the body by
pathways
10. Hearing Loss
j. loss of eyesight
11. Nerves
k. progressive loss of mental abilities, such as thinking,
remembering, etc.
12. Neurological System
l. hearing loss
13. Neurons
14. Otitis Media
m. center of the brain where thought and intelligence
occur
n. part of the brain located just below the cerebrum that
controls balance and regulates movement
15. Parkinson’s Disease
o. when lens of eye becomes cloudy
16. Sensory Organs
p. damage to part of brain due to blood clot or
hemorrhage cutting blood supply off
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17. Spinal Cord
18. Blindness
q. part of the brain that controls breathing, opening and
closing of blood vessels, heart rate, swallowing,
gagging, and coughing
r. located in the skull and consists of three parts –
cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brainstem
19. What is the CNS? ___________________________________________________________
20. What is the largest part of the brain and has the four lobes? _________________________
21. What are the functions of the cerebrum? _________________________________________
22. What is the myelin sheath? ___________________________________________________
23. Describe Parkinson’s disease. ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
24. Describe Multiple Sclerosis. __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
25. What are the 3 parts of the brainstem? ___________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Cardiovascular
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. Anemia
2. Arteries
3. Atria (2)
4. Blood
5. Cardiovascular System
a. two lower chambers of the heart
b. the resting phase of the heart when the heart fills
with blood
c. blood vessels that carry blood with waste products
away from the cells and to the heart
d. the pump of the cardiovascular system
e. the working phase of the heart when the heart is
pumping blood to the body
6. Congestive Heart Failure
f. high blood pressure
7. Coronary Artery Disease
g. the beat of the heart felt at an artery, as a wave of
blood passes through the artery
8. Diastole
h. a heart attack
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9. Heart
10. Hypertension
11. Myocardial Infarction
12. Pulse
i. low red blood cell count
j. a condition in which blood vessels in the coronary
arteries narrow, lowering blood supply to the heart and
depriving it of oxygen
k. blood vessels that carry blood with oxygen and
nutrients away from the heart
l. also called the circulatory system and is the
continuous movement of blood through the body
13. Systole
m. two upper chambers of the heart
14. Varicose Veins
n. consists of water (90%), blood cells, carbon dioxide,
oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, waste products
15. Veins
o. enlarged, twisted veins usually in the legs
16. Ventricles (2)
p. when one or both sides of the heart stop pumping
effectively
17. What is the function of the cardiovascular system? ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
18. What are the normal changes due to aging in the cardiovascular system? _____________
____________________________________________________________________________
19. What is the aorta? ___________________________________________________________
20. What is the pathway of blood through the heart? (Include vessels coming in and out of the heart)
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
21. What is the function of red blood cells? _________________________________________
22. What is the function of white blood cells? _______________________________________
23. What is the function of platelets? ______________________________________________
24. Describe myocardial infarction. ________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
25. Describe angina pectoris. _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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26. What is an embolus? ________________________________________________________
27. What is a thrombus? ________________________________________________________
28. Describe phlebitis. _________________________________________________________
29. Where is the mitral valve? ___________________________________________________
30. What is a TIA? ____________________________________________________________
31. What is a CVA? ____________________________________________________________
Respiratory
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. Upper Respiratory Tract
2. Thorax
3. Respiratory System
4. Pneumonia
5. Lungs
6. Lower Respiratory Tract
a. difficulty breathing
b. irreversible damage to the lungs causing permanent
holes in the lung tissue
c. a disease characterized by difficulty breathing,
wheezing, and a sense of tightness or constriction in the
chest due to spasm of the muscles
d. covers larynx when swallowing preventing food from
going into airway
e. emphysema, asthma, and chronic bronchitis and
problems related to these diseases
f. changes in skin color, pale or bluish color of lips and
extremities
7. Lobes
g. segments or areas of the lung
8. Inspiration
h. involves the breathing in of oxygen
9. Inhale
i. when carbon dioxide is expelled out of nose and the
mouth from the lungs
10. Influenza
j. involves the breathing out of carbon dioxide
11. Expiration
k. when air (or oxygen) is pulled in through the nose and
down into the lungs
12. Exhale
l. contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus
13. Epiglottis
m. consist of nose, mouth, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and
top of trachea
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14. Emphysema
15. Dyspnea
16. Cyanosis
17. COPD
18. Asthma
n. consist of lower trachea, bronchi, and lungs
o. closed cavity of the body that contain the structures
needed for respirations, extending from the base of the
neck to the diaphragm
p. elastic, spongy, cone-shaped air-filled structures
involved in respiration
q. involves the breathing in of oxygen (inspiration) and
the breathing out of carbon dioxide (expiration)
r. acute (sudden onset) inflammation of the lungs
19. What are the functions of the respiratory system? _________________________________
20. What are the normal changes due to aging in the respiratory system? __________________
______________________________________________________________________________
21. What separates the chest and abdomen? _________________________________________
Define or describe the following:
22. Apnea ________________________________________________________________
23. Hypoxia_______________________________________________________________
24. Hypoxemia ____________________________________________________________
25. Dyspnea _______________________________________________________________
26. Larynx ________________________________________________________________
27. Pharynx _______________________________________________________________
28. Trachea _______________________________________________________________
29. Pharyngitis _____________________________________________________________
30. Tuberculosis ____________________________________________________________
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Gastrointestinal System
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. Appendix
a. tubular shaped stool passed from the rectum
2. Pharynx
3. Constipation
4. Intestines (small and large)
b. passage of air or gas
c. difficulty swallowing or chewing
d. air or gas in the stomach or intestines
e. located where small and large intestine meet – no
known function
5. Diarrhea
6. Gastroenteritis
f. upper GI structure located in the back of the throat
7. Hemorrhoids
g. lower GI structures. One has three parts duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum
8. Gastrointestinal System
h. enlarged veins in the anal area
9. Esophagus
i. difficulty in expelling feces, incomplete, or
infrequent bowel movements hard stool/inability to
pass a stool
10. Feces
j. liquid stool
11. Flatus
k. inflammation of the stomach and intestines lining
12. Dysphagia
l. the food tube between the throat and the stomach
13. Flatulence
m. also known as the digestive system, extends from
the mouth to the anus, and responsible for digestion
and elimination
14. What are the functions of the gastrointestinal system? ______________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
15. What are the normal changes due to aging in the gastrointestinal system? _______________
______________________________________________________________________________
16. Where is the stomach located? _________________________________________________
17. Where is bile formed? __________________ Stored? _____________________________
18. What is the function of bile? __________________________________________________
19. Where is pepsin secreted and what does it do? ____________________________________
20. What is peristalsis? _________________________________________________________
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21. What are the 3 parts of the small intestine? ______________________________________
Urinary System
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. UTI
a. inflammation of kidney due to infection
2. Urine
3. Retention
b. decreased ability to filter waste products
c. blood in the urine
d. paired organs responsible for filtering waste products
from the blood and producing urine
4. Urinary System
5. Nephritis
e. painful urination
6. Urinary Incontinence
f. inability to completely empty the bladder
7. Kidneys
8. Urinary Bladder
9. Kidney Failure
g. the filtering system of the body, responsible for
ridding body of waste products from blood
h. a tube located between the urinary bladder to the
outside of the body
i. narrow tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary
bladder
10. Urethra
j. is a urinary tract infection
11. Hematuria
k. kidney or bladder stones
12. Ureters
l. Inability to control urination
13. Calculi
m. inflammation of bladder due to infection
14. Dysuria
n. muscular sac that stores the urine until it passes from
the body
15. Cystitis
o. made up of water, salt, and waste substances
16. Which are the functions of the urinary system? ___________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
17. What are the normal changes due to aging in the urinary system? _____________________
______________________________________________________________________________
18. Which part of the urinary system is responsible for producing urine? ___________________
19. What is the daily urine output for the average adults? _____________________________
20. What is the sphincter muscle? _______________________________________________
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21. What is nephritis? _________________________________________________________
Reproductive System
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. Cystocele
2. Prostatic Hypertrophy
3. Reproductive System
a. system allows human beings to create a new human life
b. weakening of wall between urethra and vagina, which
leads to urinary incontinence
c. enlargement of prostate gland, a donut – shaped structure
around the male urethra, leading to urinary dysfunction
4. Which reproductive structures produce sperm and testosterone? _______________________
5. What is the name of the fluid that carries the sperm cells outside the body? ______________
6. How does sperm leave the body? _______________________________________________
Endocrine System
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. Hypothyroidism
a. high blood sugar
2. Homeostasis
3. Hyperthyroidism
4. Diabetes Mellitus
b. too little thyroxin
c. secrete chemicals, called hormones that regulate bodily function
d. balance
5. Endocrine System
e. master gland
6. Glands
f. disorder of carbohydrate metabolism with decreased insulin
production from the pancreas
7. Pituitary
g. too much thyroxin
8. Islets of Langerhans in
the Pancreas
h. gland associated with metabolism
9. Thyroid
i. system of glands that secrete chemical directly into the
bloodstream to regulate body functions
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10. Hypoglycemia
j. produces insulin
11. Hyperglycemia
k. low blood sugar
12. Which are the normal changes in the endocrine system due to aging? ___________________
______________________________________________________________________________
13. What are the functions of the endocrine system? ___________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
14. Describe Type 1 IDDM. _____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
15. Describe Type 2 IDDM. _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
16. List six signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Place a “S” beside subjective symptoms and an “O”
beside objective signs:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
17. Please list six signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. Place a “S” beside subjective symptoms and
an “O” beside objective signs:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
18. The normal blood glucose level range is: ________________________________________
19. What is diabetic coma? ______________________________________________________
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Immune System
Place the correct letter beside the matching number:
1. AIDS
2. Graves’ Disease
3. Immune System
4. Lupus
a. when immune system attacks tissues causing redness, pain,
swelling and damage
b. system defends threats both inside and outside the body
c. immune system attacks thyroid gland which causes it to
secrete more thyroid hormone
d. disease caused by a virus and attacks the immune system and
destroys infection-fighting and cancer-fighting cells of the body
5. What are the functions of the immune system? _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. What are the normal changes of the immune system due to aging? _____________________
____________________________________________________________________________
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