Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMPII),
Ministry of Water, P. O. Box 211, Mwanza, Tanzania
Telephone: +255-28-2502684, Mobile: +255784376611, Fax: +255-28-2502523,
E-mail: amdamo@lvemp.go.tz, annamdamo@yahoo.com, Website: www.lvemp2.com
Preliminary Environmental Assessment (PEA) for the proposed
Rehabilitation of Sola Dam in Maswa District Simiyu Region
Submitted to:
Lead Consultant:
The National Environment Management Council (NEMC)
Regent Estate, Plot No. 29/30, P.O. Box 63154,
Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Tel: +255 22 2774889,
Email: secretarydg@nemc.or.tz or dg@nemc.or.tz
27th March, 2014
Dr. William J. S. Mwegoha
(Reg. No. NEMC/EIA 0100)
P.O. Box 35176, Ardhi University
Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Cellular: +255 786 316055
Email: mwegoha@hotmail.com
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Executive Summary
Project Title
Proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam in Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Project Location
The proposed project intends to rehabilitate the existing breached embankment of Sola Dam
so as to revive its intended functions of sustainable supply of water for domestic and livestock
uses and restrict siltation and soil erosion in the downstream Zanzui Dam, River Simiyu and
Lake Victoria. Sola Dam is established at Sola village, Binza Ward in Maswa District. Maswa
District is one of the five districts in the newly Simiyu Region, formerly part of Shinyanga
Region. It is bordered by Meatu district in the East, Bariadi district in the North and Northwest,
Kishapu district South and Southwest and Kwimba District in the West. The District lies
between latitudes 2.45'and 3.15' south of the Equator and longitudes 33.0' and 34.1' east of
the Greenwich Meridian. The altitude of the District lies between 1200 m and 1300m above
sea level.
Name and Contacts of the Proponent
Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMPII), Ministry of Water, P. O. Box 211,
Mwanza, Tanzania. Telephone: +255-28-2502684, Mobile: +255784376611, Fax: +255-282502523,
E-mail:
amdamo@lvemp.go.tz,
annamdamo@yahoo.com,
Website:
www.lvemp2.com. LVEMPII is an East African Community project under implementation in
the five countries that share the Lake Victoria Basin: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and
Uganda. It is a trans-boundary project designed to achieve two development/global
environmental objectives.
Name and Contacts of the Lead Consultant
Dr. William J. S. Mwegoha, (Reg. No. NEMC/EIA 0100). P.O. Box 35176, Ardhi University, Dar
Es Salaam, Tanzania, Cellular: +255 786 316055. Email: mwegoha@hotmail.com
Project Description
Sola earth dam was constructed in 1948 by the community of Maswa Township. For Five
decades since its construction the dam provided water for the community for both domestic
and livestock uses, development of tree nursery which is located nearby and protection of
vulnerable soils against rill and gully erosion as well as protection of Simiyu River against silt
deposits. In 1997/98 following El Nino storms part of the dam embankment was washed out.
The destroyed portions have expanded to about 10% of the embankment length and due to
increased water pressure has caused gullies and increased siltation to downstream water
bodies (Zanzui Dam, Simiyu River and ultimately Lake Victoria).
The current project intends to rehabilitate the dam so that it can revive its intended functions
of supplying water for domestic uses, livestock, and irrigation. It will involve engineering
design and construction of a destroyed section of the embankment dam, cattle troughs (2)
and Domestic water point (DP), outlets works including pipes and fittings as well as office and
caretaker’s residence. The project is expected to not only supply water for various uses to the
community but also reduce the occurrence of soil erosion and siltation in Zanzui Dam, River
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Simiyu and Lake Victoria. The project will be implemented by LVEMPII in collaboration with
Maswa District Council.
Existing Environment
Climate
Maswa district has a semi arid climate with bimodal rainfall pattern of between 450 and
1000 mm with an average of 750mm. The average rainfall decreases from north to south
and from west to east. The short rains start in mid November to mid January and the long
rains start early March up to May. The average temperature is 26°C.
Topography and soil
The topography of the district is characterized by flat, gently undulating plains covered
with low sparse vegetation. The area is dominated by heavy black clay soils with areas of
red loam and sandy soil. It is observed that most of the Maswa district is dry flat lowland
thus its agro- economic zones are not well pronounced as it is with some regions in the
country.
Water Resources and Hydrology
The main surface water sources in Maswa district are the dams and wells (shallow wells
and boreholes). The district accommodates a total 3 dams: Zanzui (new sola dam),
Nyambiti and old sola dams. However, currently only Zanzui dam is operational. The dam
was constructed in the late 1980’s and it is serving the district. The dam has a capacity of
supplying Maswa district headquarter with 1,607 cubic metres of water which is over and
above the daily requirement of the residents which currently standing at 1,500 cu metres
per day.
Biological Environment
The project site and its proximity are characterized by mainly a mixture of bushes and
shrubs. The bushes comprise of short and scattered trees interspaced with short grasses.
These grasses act as fodder for cattle grazing, though they wither during dry season. The
dominant tree species are acacia species. The species is available in abundance within and
outside the dam site. The common species identified include acacia auriculiformis, accasia
nilotica, leucaena diversifolia and papyrus water plants.
Main fauna reported by locals include small animals such as rats, reptiles (including lizards
and snakes), arthropods (butterflies, grasshoppers, ants and insects including bees of
various kinds) and birds. Local people also informed that Sola stream which passes
through the project area accommodates few species of fishes which are cached and used
for domestic dish, crabs and some micro-invertebrate organisms of various sorts. The
main domestic fauna observed and reported by local people are cattle, goats, sheep and
poultry.
Methodology
This PEA study was undertaken to determine, analyse and present the environmental and
social impacts of proposed project, formulate remedial measures to mitigate the negative
impacts and enhance positive impacts, and plan in such a way that a rational decision can be
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
made about its implementation. A multi disciplinary team of experienced social and
environmental professionals studied the project sites and their conditions including existing
infrastructures. The methodology used involved five basic steps:
 Review of the literature on environmental and social baseline status of the project
area and its immediate environs relating to past studies;
 Consultative meetings with stakeholders at various levels in order to determine the
potentially significant issues of the project and to exclude any issues unlikely to be of
significance;
 Identification and analysis of the magnitude and significance of the potential impacts;
 Determination of appropriate mitigation measures and to eliminate or reduce the
identified impacts; and
 Formulation of an environmental management plan and monitoring plan as well as
dam decommissioning plan.
Project Stakeholders and their Involvement
The stakeholder consultation process involved stakeholder meetings, open discussion and
interviews. The aim was to get views and concerns from stakeholders in terms of how they
understood the dynamics of the environment of the proposed project site; positively
conveying information about the planned Project; clear up misunderstandings, allow a better
understanding of relevant issues and how they will be dealt with; identify and deal with areas
which are controversial while the project is still is its design stage and any possible underlying
causes that could lead to changes over time as a result of implementing project. Responses
from the stakeholder meetings and interviews provided the much needed relevant
background information and helped identify major environmental and social concerns of the
stakeholders within the project area. The list of stakeholders consulted includes:
 Lake Victoria Basin Water Officers;
 Maswa District Administrative Secretary;
 Maswa District Town Planner;
 Maswa District Land Officer;
 Maswa District Water Engineer;
 MAUWASA Managing Director;
 Binza Ward Councillor;
 Binza Ward Councillor, Special Seat;
 Binza Ward Executive Officer;
 Sola Street Chairman;
 Binza Street Chairman.
Results of Public Consultations
Generally all stakeholders consulted welcomed the idea of rehabilitating the existing Sola
Chaco Dam hoping that it will increase availability of water resources for community and
livestock in Maswa district, and it will protect the downstream water resources, thus they are
looking forward to implementation of the project in the near future. However, few concerns
were raised regarding project implementation and are hereby summarized in the paragraphs
below:
Delay in Project Implementation
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
All stakeholders consulted agreed that the project should go ahead as quickly as possible.
However, they raised the concern of the long delay in starting implementation of project
activities as per contract signed. They were worried that the project might not be
implemented due to timeline constraints as per contractual agreements.
Location and Land Ownership
Stakeholders consulted had no objection about the location of the Sola Chaco Dam since it is
existing there for many years ago. Additionally, the area is free from conflicts related to land
ownership and use by the local community.
Alter environmental water flow
One stakeholder was worried that rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam might affect the flow and
availability of water in the existing new constructed dam called New Chaco Dam in Maswa
located about 10 km downstream of the proposed project area. The new dam is currently fed
by water escaping from Sola Dam after part of its banks collapsed.
Protection of water sources
Most of stakeholder consulted emphasized the importance of protection of environment and
water sources since there is water scarcity in Maswa district. It was emphasized that human
activities should be restricted within catchment and buffer zone of Sola Chaco Dam.
Advice on foreseeable negative impacts
Most of stakeholders consulted were of the view that the proposed project will not cause any
significant negative environmental and socio-economic impacts. Nevertheless, the ESIA team
was requested to provide useful mitigation measures for any potential negative
environmental and socio-economic impact that might be uncovered during assessment.
Employment
One of the positive impacts of the proposed project will be creation of employment
opportunities. A major concern is that these opportunities, especially those that require
unskilled labor, should be prioritized to the local workforce especially during construction and
operation phases.
Increase availability of water resources
All stakeholders consulted during the PEA process are optimistic that the proposed project
will benefit Maswa district community particularly in increasing access to reliable water since
there is water scarcity within the district. Also the project will boost other community socioeconomic activities.
Community participation
Some of the stakeholders consulted emphasized the need for effective community
participation in all phases of the project as a key factor for sustainability of proposed project.
Generally, many of the raised concerns and questions during meetings attracted immediate
responses and clarifications. Many were due to lack of adequate information and experience
about the project.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Description of Major Significant Impacts
The assessment of impacts and their associated significance are summarized in the Table
below. The results indicate that, the project is expected to have negative impacts of minor
significance and some positive impacts of major significance during construction, operation
and decommissioning phases of the project.
Potential Impacts
Type
Significance
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Low
Low
Low
Very Low
Very Low
A.2: Construction Phase
Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna
Erosion of soil and reservoir sedimentation
Soil and water pollution due to hazardous wastes
Environmental pollution from poor waste management
Reduced air quality from continuous air emissions
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
High
Low
Low
Low
Very
A.3: Demobilization Phase Impacts
Air, water and soil pollution
Noise pollution from demobilized equipment
Negative
Negative
Very Low
Very Low
A.4: Operation phase
Change in water quantity in downstream reaches of the stream
Enhancing watershed management
Change in stream flow regime and water quality
Environmental pollution from poor waste management
Induced landscape change and aquatic biotopes
Negative
Positive
Negative
Negative
Positive
Low
High
Low
Very Low
high
Positive
Positive
Negative
Negative
Negative
High
High
Low
Low
Low
A. Potential Environmental Impacts
A.1: Mobilization Phase
Deterioration of ambient air quality by dust and fumes
Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna
Contamination of water and soil from waste oils
Disturbance to local fauna due to noise and vibration
Depletion of resources and land degradation at materials point
source
B Potential Socio-Economic Impacts
B.1 Mobilization and Construction phases
Creation of Employment
Skills transfer to locals
Resource Use Conflicts and Security
Interruption of area traffics and movements
Nuisance due to air emissions, noise and vibrations
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Type
Significance
Hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management
Health risks associated with hazardous wastes
Occupational health and safety hazards
Increased incidences of diseases including STDs and HIV/AIDs
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
Low
Low
Low
Low
B.2: Demobilization Phase
Loss of Employment
Negative
High
B.2 Operation Phase
Creation of employment and enhanced livelihood
Health hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management
Nuisance due to air emissions, noise and vibrations
Occupational Health and Safety Hazards
Threat to public health due to induced water borne diseases
Positive
Negative
Negative
Negative
Negative
High
Very Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Skills transfer to local
Positive
High
Boost to other socio-economic activities
Positive
High
Recommendation and Plans for Mitigation of Impacts
The purpose of mitigation measures is to minimize adverse (negative) impacts, or avoid or
compensate for those negative impacts that cannot be mitigated by the project. It has already
been shown that implementation of some of the mitigation measures will require
collaboration of other stakeholders. Detailed mitigation measures for each significant impact
have been provided in Chapter 6 of the PEA report.
Environmental and Social Management Plan
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) sets the “environmental conditions” that
will be abided by project proponents in the course of implementing the project. It aims at
ensuring effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Specifically, ESMP
summarizes all anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts, and provides
responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and cost estimates. The total cost
for implementation of ESMP has been estimated to be TZS 44,000,000/=. The detailed ESMP
is provided in Table 7.1 of this PEA report.
Environmental Monitoring Plan
The environmental monitoring plan has been proposed for the proposed project, intended to
ensure implementation of mitigation measures is done in accordance with regulations and
standards. Table 8.1 outlines the particular issues that will be monitored during various stages
of project implementation. The parameters which will be monitored by the EM will include
water quality; ambient air quality; loss of vegetation covers; etc. The monitoring plan also
includes type of monitoring indicators, frequency of monitoring and responsibility for each
monitoring activity. Total costs for the Environmental Monitoring Plan is estimated to be TZS
22,000,000.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Decommissioning Plan
At the end of the design life, the dam shall be decommissioned and abandoned. A
comprehensive plan shall be prepared for the restoration and subsequent protection of the
ecosystem. The decommissioning and abandonment activities shall comply with international
standards (world commission on dams). Preliminary decommissioning plan is described in
Chapter 9 of this PEA report.
Conclusion
This Preliminary Environmental Assessment report has identified key environmental and
social issues pertaining to the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam project. The impacts both
negative and positive have been assessed and described in some detail to gain an
understanding of possible environmental effects of the proposed project – from preconstruction phase to decommission phase. This was necessary for developing mitigation and
enhancement measures for the identified impacts. It has also developed an Environmental
and Social Management Plan which provides guidance on responsibilities and provides
indicative financial implication. The Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan provides the
parameters to be monitored and frequency as well as responsibility and indicative financial
implication. It should be noted that the actual costs of management and monitoring plan are
subject to negotiations between the proprietor and consultants to be assigned for the jobs.
The Consultant is of the opinion that there are no irreversible significant environmental and
social impacts that have been identified. However, the negative environmental and social
impacts identified can be reduced, limited and eliminated by the application of appropriate
mitigation measures including good engineering design and envisaged construction and
operational practices have been provided in this PEA report. The proposed environmental and
social management plan and environmental monitoring plan if implemented will safeguard
the integrity of the environment in Binza Ward, Maswa District and Tanzania at large. It is,
therefore, concluded that, rehabilitation of Sola Dam will entail no detrimental impacts
provided that the recommended mitigation and enhancement measures are adequately and
timely put in place.
Acknowledgements
This Preliminary Environmental Assessment study for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola
Dam in Maswa District, Simiyu Region was carried out by registered EIA experts on behalf of
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project II (LVEMPII). This PEA report was prepared
based on field work and secondary data from other various reports and documents which are
cited in this report.
LVEMPII and the Consultant wish to acknowledge the following for their valuable contribution
during preparation of this report:
 The National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) for progressive review of the
project interim report;
 Maswa District Council for valuable collaboration during stakeholders’ consultation
which played a very important role to the success of this brief;
 Various stakeholders in Maswa District for their invaluable contribution, support and
cooperation. Their input contributed enormously towards successful completion of this
comprehensive brief.
Table of Contents
Executive Summary.................................................................................................................... ii
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Acknowledgements................................................................................................................. viii
List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... xiv
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... xv
List of Plates ............................................................................................................................. xv
Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................... xv
Chapter One ............................................................................................................................... 1
Project Background .................................................................................................................... 1
1.1
Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1
1.2
PEA Objectives ............................................................................................................... 2
1.3
Scope of the Study ......................................................................................................... 2
1.4
Methodology.................................................................................................................. 2
1.4.1 Consultations with Stakeholders ................................................................................... 3
1.4.1.1 Identification of Stakeholders........................................................................................ 3
1.4.1.2 Involvement of Stakeholders ......................................................................................... 3
1.4.1.3 Information gathering techniques ................................................................................. 3
1.5
Structure of the report................................................................................................... 4
Chapter Two ............................................................................................................................... 5
Project Description .................................................................................................................... 5
2.1
Proponent History and Rationale .................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Proponent History .......................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 Project Rationale ............................................................................................................ 5
2.2
Project Location and Accessibility.................................................................................. 6
2.2.1 Project Location ............................................................................................................. 6
2.2.2 Accessibility .................................................................................................................. 10
2.3
Project Scope ............................................................................................................... 10
2.3.1 Size and capacities ....................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2 Design Summary and Technical Provisions.................................................................. 10
2.3.2.1 Embankment Dam ....................................................................................................... 10
2.3.2.2 Cattle troughs (2) and Domestic water point (DP) ...................................................... 10
2.3.2.3 Outlets works including pipes and fittings................................................................... 11
2.3.2.4 Office and caretaker’s residence ................................................................................. 12
2.4
Project Activities .......................................................................................................... 12
2.4.1 Planning and Design Phase .......................................................................................... 12
2.4.2 Mobilization Phase....................................................................................................... 12
2.4.3 Construction Phase ...................................................................................................... 12
2.4.3.1 The Workforce ............................................................................................................. 13
2.4.3.2 Materials inputs ........................................................................................................... 13
2.4.3.3 Equipment and machinery requirements .................................................................... 14
2.4.3.4 Transportation ............................................................................................................. 14
2.4.3.5 Storage ......................................................................................................................... 14
2.4.3.6 Site preparation activities ............................................................................................ 14
2.4.3.7 Local supplies and services .......................................................................................... 15
2.4.3.8 Management of Construction Activities ...................................................................... 15
2.4.3.9 Construction Supervision ............................................................................................. 15
2.4.4 Demobilization Phase .................................................................................................. 16
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
2.4.5 Operation Phase .......................................................................................................... 16
2.4.5.1 Workforce for Management of Operation Activities .................................................. 16
2.4.6 Waste Collection and Disposal..................................................................................... 16
2.4.7 Decommissioning phase .............................................................................................. 17
2.4.8 Support Facilities and Services .................................................................................... 17
2.4.8.1 Water Supply................................................................................................................ 17
2.4.8.2 Security ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.4.8.3 Staffing: ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.5
Cost Structure of the Project ....................................................................................... 18
Chapter Three .......................................................................................................................... 19
The Baseline Environment .................................................................................................. 19
3.1
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 19
3.2
Location and Administrative Boundaries..................................................................... 19
3.3
The Physical Environment ............................................................................................ 19
3.3.1 Climate ......................................................................................................................... 19
3.3.2 Topography and Soil .................................................................................................... 19
3.4
Water Resources and Hydrology ................................................................................. 19
3.4.1 Surface Water and Hydrology ...................................................................................... 20
3.4.2 Ground Water Resources............................................................................................. 22
3.5
Biological Environment ................................................................................................ 23
3.5.1 Flora ............................................................................................................................. 23
3.5.2 Fauna............................................................................................................................ 24
3.6
Land Use ....................................................................................................................... 25
3.7
Socio-Economic Environment ...................................................................................... 25
3.7.1 Demographic Profile .................................................................................................... 25
3.7.1.1 Population .................................................................................................................... 25
3.7.1.2 Type and Pattern of Housing ....................................................................................... 26
3.7.1.3 Gender Aspects ............................................................................................................ 26
3.7.2 Main Economic Activities ............................................................................................. 26
3.7.2.1 Agriculture Potentiality ................................................................................................ 26
3.7.2.2 Livestock....................................................................................................................... 27
3.7.2.3 Trade and Industry ....................................................................................................... 28
3.7.3 Economic Infrastructures ............................................................................................. 28
3.7.3.1 Road Network .............................................................................................................. 28
3.7.3.2 Railway ......................................................................................................................... 28
3.7.3.3 Communication ............................................................................................................ 28
3.7.3.4 Air Transport ................................................................................................................ 28
3.7.3.5 Energy .......................................................................................................................... 28
3.7.4 Social Infrastructures and Services .............................................................................. 29
3.7.4.1 Water Supply................................................................................................................ 29
3.7.4.2 Health Facilities ............................................................................................................ 29
3.7.4.3 Education Facilities ...................................................................................................... 30
3.7.4.4 Employment ................................................................................................................. 30
Chapter Four ............................................................................................................................ 30
Stakeholders Consultation ....................................................................................................... 30
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
4.1
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 30
4.2
Stakeholders Identification and Participation ............................................................. 31
4.3
Acceptance of Proposed Project .................................................................................. 33
4.4
Stakeholder Issues and Concerns Regarding Project Activities ................................... 33
4.4.1 Legal/Contractual Issues .............................................................................................. 34
4.4.1.1 Delay in Project Implementation ................................................................................. 34
4.4.1.2 Location and Land Ownership ..................................................................................... 34
4.4.2 Environmental Issues and Concerns ............................................................................ 34
4.4.2.1 Alter environmental water flow .................................................................................. 34
4.4.2.2 Protection of water sources......................................................................................... 34
4.4.2.3 Advice on foreseeable negative impacts ..................................................................... 34
4.4.3 Socio-Economic Issues ................................................................................................. 34
4.4.3.1 Employment ................................................................................................................. 34
4.4.3.2 Increase availability of water resources ...................................................................... 35
4.4.3.3 Community participation ............................................................................................. 35
Chapter Five ............................................................................................................................. 36
Identification and Assessment of Impacts ............................................................................... 36
5.1
Introduction ................................................................................................................. 36
5.2
Identification, Classification and Significance of Impacts ............................................ 36
5.3
Environmental Impacts ................................................................................................ 40
5.3.1 Mobilization Phase Impacts ......................................................................................... 40
5.3.1.1 Deterioration of ambient air quality by dust and fumes ............................................. 40
5.3.1.2 Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna .................................................. 40
5.3.1.3 Contamination of water and soil from waste oils ....................................................... 40
5.3.1.4 Disturbance to local fauna due to noise and vibration ............................................... 41
5.3.1.5 Depletion of resources and land degradation at materials point source .................... 41
5.3.2 Construction Phase Impacts ........................................................................................ 41
5.3.2.1 Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna .................................................. 41
5.3.2.2 Erosion of soil and reservoir sedimentation ................................................................ 41
5.3.2.3 Soil and water pollution due to leaking waste oils ...................................................... 41
5.3.2.4 Environmental pollution from poor waste management............................................ 42
5.3.2.5 Reduced air quality from continuous air emissions .................................................... 42
5.3.3 Demobilization Phase Impacts ..................................................................................... 42
5.3.3.1 Air, water and soil pollution......................................................................................... 42
5.3.3.2 Noise pollution ............................................................................................................. 42
5.3.4 Operation Phase Impacts ............................................................................................. 42
5.3.4.1 Change in water quantity in downstream reaches of the stream ............................... 42
5.3.4.2 Enhancing watershed management ............................................................................ 42
5.3.4.3 Change in stream flow regime and water quality ....................................................... 43
5.3.4.4 Environmental pollution from poor waste management ............................................ 43
5.3.4.5 Induced Landscape Change and Aquatic Biotopes ...................................................... 43
5.4
Potential Socio-economic Impacts............................................................................... 43
5.4.1 Mobilization and Construction Phases ........................................................................ 43
5.4.1.1 Creation of Employment .............................................................................................. 43
5.4.1.2 Skills transfer to locals ................................................................................................. 44
5.4.1.3 Resource use conflicts ................................................................................................. 44
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
5.4.1.4 Interruption of area traffics and movements .............................................................. 44
5.4.1.5 Nuisance due to air emissions, noise and vibrations................................................... 44
5.4.1.6 Health hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management .................................. 44
5.4.1.7 Occupational health and safety hazards...................................................................... 45
5.4.1.8 Increased incidences of diseases including STDs and HIV/AIDs .................................. 45
5.4.2 Demobilization Phase .................................................................................................. 45
5.4.2.1 Loss of Employment ..................................................................................................... 45
5.4.3 Operation Phase .......................................................................................................... 45
5.4.3.1 Creation of employment and enhanced livelihood ..................................................... 45
5.4.3.2 Health hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management .................................. 46
5.4.3.3 Nuisance to on site / offsite receptors due to air emissions, noise and vibrations .... 46
5.4.3.4 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards (Injuries to workers / fatalities) ................. 46
5.4.3.5 Threat to public health due to induced water borne diseases.................................... 46
5.4.3.6 Skills transfer to local ................................................................................................... 46
5.4.3.7 Boost to other socio-economic activities .................................................................... 46
Chapter Six ............................................................................................................................... 47
Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures ...................................................................... 47
6.1
Environmental Mitigation Measures ........................................................................... 47
6.1.1 Deterioration of ambient air quality by dust and fumes ............................................. 47
6.1.2 Contamination of water and soil from waste oils ....................................................... 47
6.1.3 Disturbance to local fauna due to noise and vibration ............................................... 48
6.1.4 Depletion of resources and land degradation at materials point source .................... 48
6.1.5 Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna .................................................. 48
6.1.6 Erosion of soil and reservoir sedimentation: ............................................................... 48
6.1.7 Environmental pollution from poor waste management............................................ 48
6.1.8 Change in water quantity in downstream reaches of the stream: .............................. 49
6.1.9 Change in stream flow regime and water quality ....................................................... 49
6.1.10 Enhancing watershed management ............................................................................ 49
6.2
Social Mitigation Measures.......................................................................................... 50
6.2.1 Resource Use Conflicts................................................................................................. 50
6.2.2 Interruption of area traffics and movements .............................................................. 50
6.2.3 Nuisance due to air emissions, noise and vibrations................................................... 50
6.2.4 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards .................................................................... 50
6.2.5 Health hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management .................................. 50
6.2.6 Increased incidences of diseases including STDs and HIV/AIDs .................................. 50
6.2.7 Creation of employment and enhanced livelihood ..................................................... 51
6.2.8 Skills transfer to local ................................................................................................... 51
6.2.9 Threat to public health due to induced water borne diseases.................................... 51
6.2.10 Boost to other socio-economic activities .................................................................... 51
6.2.11 Loss of Employment ..................................................................................................... 51
Chapter Seven .......................................................................................................................... 52
Environmental and Social Management Plan .......................................................................... 52
7.1
General Overview ........................................................................................................ 52
7.2
Environmental Management Plan Administration ...................................................... 52
7.3
The Management Plan ................................................................................................. 53
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Chapter Eight ........................................................................................................................... 61
Environmental Monitoring Plan............................................................................................... 61
8.1
General Overview ........................................................................................................ 61
8.2
Responsibilities of Environmental Monitor ................................................................. 61
8.3
Environmental Parameters to be monitored .............................................................. 61
Chapter Nine ............................................................................................................................ 65
Decommissioning ..................................................................................................................... 65
9.1
General Overview ........................................................................................................ 65
9.2
Decommissioning Plan ................................................................................................. 65
9.3
Decommissioning Costs ............................................................................................... 66
9.4
Decommissioning permits and other requirements.................................................... 66
9.5
Decommissioning Impacts and mitigation................................................................... 66
9.5.1 Loss of employment ..................................................................................................... 66
9.5.2 The impacts of wastes ................................................................................................. 66
9.5.3 Risks due to abandoned structures ............................................................................. 66
9.5.4 Rehabilitation ............................................................................................................... 66
9.6
Stakeholders’ Engagement Forum ............................................................................... 67
Chapter Ten.............................................................................................................................. 68
Conclusion and Recommendation ........................................................................................... 68
Bibliography ............................................................................................................................. 69
Appendices............................................................................................................................... 70
Appendix 1: List of Expert who carried out the PEA study ...................................................... 70
Appendix 2: NEMC Screening and Reviewed Decision ............................................................ 71
Appendix 3: Details of stakeholders concerns ......................................................................... 72
Appendix 4: Consulted Stakeholders and theirs Signatures .................................................... 76
Appendix 5: Detailed analysis of impacts’ significance ........................................................... 80
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Materials requirement for Sola Dam rehabilitation works ----------------------------- 13
Table 2.2: Equipment requirement for mobilization and construction works ------------------- 14
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Table 2.3: Management of wastes during project implementation -------------------------------- 16
Table 3.1: Existing water dams in Maswa District ------------------------------------------------------ 20
Table 3.2: Existing Boreholes in Maswa District -------------------------------------------------------- 22
Table 3.3: Number of livestock in the Maswa District ------------------------------------------------- 27
Table 3.4: Water services in Maswa District ------------------------------------------------------------- 29
Table 3.5: Distribution of Health Facilities in Maswa District Council ----------------------------- 29
Table 4.1: List of Stakeholders Consulted ---------------------------------------------------------------- 32
Table 4.2: Summary of project acceptance by different stakeholders ---------------------------- 33
Table 5.1: Assessment of significance in terms of impact’s magnitude, scale and duration - 37
Table 5.2 Assessment of significance in terms of Exposure and Probability --------------------- 38
Table 5.3: Consequence assessment according to score/scale-------------------------------------- 38
Table 5.4: Colour Code Implications ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
Table 7.1: ESMP for the Rehabilitation of Sola Dam --------------------------------------------------- 54
Table 8.1:Environmental Monitoring Plan for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam Project
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62
Table 9.1: Decommission Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 67
List of Figures
Figure 2.1. Location of Maswa District, Simiyu Region wherein the project is located --------- 7
Figure 2.2: Specific Project location ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
Figure 2.3: Specific Project location ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9
Figure 2.4: Typical Cross Section for a Spillway --------------------------------------------------------- 11
Figure 3.1: Location of Zanzui Dam ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21
Figure 5.1: Color codes for Impact Significance --------------------------------------------------------- 39
List of Plates
Plate 2.1: Destroyed Embankment and Gullies Formation Downstream -------------------------- 6
Plate 2.2: Sample Cattle Trough ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
Plate 3.1: A section of Zanzui Dam downstream the project area---------------------------------- 21
Plate 3.2: A section of Zanzui Dam downstream the project area---------------------------------- 22
Plate 3.3: Some vegetation observed at the site ------------------------------------------------------- 24
Plate 3.4: Bees keeping observed downstream the project area at Zanzui dam ---------------- 24
Plate 3.5: Cattle grazing observed at the site ----------------------------------------------------------- 25
Plate 3.6: Ongoing small scale farming (maize and rice) in the vicinity of the project area -- 27
Plate 4.1: A section of participants in a meeting with local leaders during stakeholders ----- 32
Table 4.2: Summary of project acceptance by different stakeholders ---------------------------- 33
Abbreviations and Acronyms
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
AIDS
BA
BOD5
BSc
CMIC
COD
dBA
DCDO
DED
DEMO
DFO
DLFO
DO
DP
DPLO
DAS
EAC
EIA
EIC
EIS
EM
ERB
EMA
ESIA
EMP
ESMP
FDC
FM
GDP
GPS
HIV
IDA
ILO
IWRM
L
LGAs
LVB
LVBWO
LVEMP II
M
MDC
MoW
MSc
MAUWASA
NBS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Bachelor of Arts
Biochemical Oxygen Demand-Five Day
Bachelor of Science
Co-Management Intervention Committee
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Decibel
District Community Development Officer
District Executive Director
District Environmental Management Officer
District Forest Officer
District LVEMP II Focal Officer
Dissolved Oxygen
Domestic Water Point
District Planning Officer
District Administrative Secretary
East African Community
Environmental Impact Assessment
Education, Information, and Communication
Environmental Impact Statement
Environmental Monitor
Engineers Registration Board
Environmental Management Act
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental and Social Management Plan
Folk Development Centre
Frequency Modulation
Gross Domestic Product
Global Positioning System
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
International Development Association
International Labour Organization
Integrated Water Resource Management
Litre
Local Government Authorities
Lake Victoria Basin
Lake Victoria Basin Water Office
Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project
Metre
Maswa District Council
Ministry of Water
Master of Science
Maswa Urban Water and Sewerage Authority
National Bureau of Statistics
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
NEMC
NGO
NOX
PAP
PEA
pH
PPEs
PPP
RC
SACCOs
SOX
STIs
STDs
TANESCO
TBS
TSS
TTCL
TZS
URT
UTI
VEO
VPO
WDC
WEO
WHO
WUA
National Environment Management Council
Non-Governmental Organization
Nitrogen Oxides
Project Affected Persons
Preliminary Environmental Assessment
Measure of Acid and Base Properties
Personal Protective Equipment
Public Private Partnership
Regional Commissioner
Saving and Credit Co-Operative Societies
Sulphur Oxides
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Tanzania Electrical Supply Company
Tanzania Bureau of Standards
Total Suspended Solids
Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited
Tanzanian Shilling
The United Republic of Tanzania
Urinary Tract Infection
Village Executive Officer
Vice Presidents Office
Ward Development Council
Ward Executive Officer
World Health Organization
Water User Association
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Chapter One
Project Background
1.1
Introduction
Lake Victoria Environmental Management Programme Phase Two (LVEMP II) is an East African
Community project under implementation in the five countries that share the Lake Victoria
Basin: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. It is a trans-boundary project designed
to achieve two development/global environmental objectives. Firstly, the project is meant to
improve collaborative management of trans-boundary natural resources of Lake Victoria
Basin and, secondly, reduce environmental stress in the targeted pollution hotspots and
selected degraded sub-catchments as a means of improving the livelihoods of communities
who depend on the natural resources of the Basin. LVEMP II which was started on 25th of
September 2009 complements LVEMP I which was completed in December 2005. The Overall
Objective of LVEMP II is to contribute to achieve the vision of the EAC for the LVB of “having
a prosperous population living in a healthy and sustainably managed environment, providing
equitable opportunities and benefits”.
LVEMPII in collaboration with Maswa District Council intends to rehabilitate the embankment
of the existing Sola Dam which is located in Sola Village, Binza ward, Maswa District. Sola dam
is a large earth dam which was constructed in 1948 by community. The dam catches water
from Sola stream and is located in Maswa Township. The dam has an earth embankment of
683 meters long with an initial designed capacity of 800,000m3. This dam provided water for
domestic and livestock uses, development of tree nursery located nearby it and protection of
vulnerable soils against rill and gully erosion. After five decades of operation, two portions of
the embankment were washed out by El-Niño storms in 1997/1998. The destroyed portions
have expanded to about 10% of the embankment length. This has caused floods, enormous
erosion, and reduction of the dam height and development of gullies downstream. Similarly,
the dam bed level has decreased due to soil deposition and thus allowing growth of trees and
shrubs in it. The recent flow of sediment loads through this dam affects the Zanzui Dam (the
current major source of water for Maswa Town), Simiyu River and ultimately Lake Victoria.
This project intends to rehabilitate the dam thereby constructing the destroyed portions. The
overall goal is to revive the dam’s intended functions of sustainable supplying water for
domestic and livestock uses and restrict siltation and soil erosion downstream. In doing so,
the project will contribute to the reduction of non-point source pollution (sediment loads,
nutrients and agrochemicals) to Zanzui Dam, Simiyu River and ultimately Lake Victoria. In
addition, downstream farming communities will be able to irrigate their crops and therefore
acquire more food and generate income.
The proposed rehabilitation works might cause both adverse and positive environmental and
socio – economic impacts emanating from both planned operations and accidental events.
Projects of this nature are not specifically mentioned in the First Schedule of the Tanzania EIA
and Audit Regulations of 2005 as requiring EIA but might fall under sections 20 and 22. As
such, in order to comply with the Tanzania Environmental Management Act, Cap 191, LVEMPII
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would like to ensure that dam rehabilitation works is accomplished and operated in an
environmentally and socially acceptable manner.
LVEMPII commissioned registered EIA experts (Appendix 1) to carry out the assignment. The
project was successful registered with NEMC which proposed Preliminary Environmental
Assessment (PEA) as shown in Appendix 2. The PEA was conducted in accordance with the
requirements of the Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations of 2005. It was
conducted between January and February 2014.
1.2
PEA Objectives
The PEA study was carried out to incorporate environmental and social considerations into
the project design. The main objective of the PEA was to predict and forestall potential
environmental and social impacts and propose mitigation measures to lessen any impacts to
the environment and communities in project’s area of influence that may arise from the
development and operation of the proposed Sola dam rehabilitation project. The overall
objective is therefore to ensure that the rehabilitation works delivers minimum disruption to
the environment and social settings. Specifically, the objectives of this study were:
 To establish biological and physical baseline conditions of the project area
 To predict any adverse (negative) and/or beneficial (positive) environmental and
social impacts associated with the project.
 To propose appropriate mitigation measures and recommend ways in which the
proposed mitigation measures could be incorporated into designs.
 To provide cost estimates required to cover the proposed mitigation measures
 To provide environmental and social management and monitoring plan
1.3
Scope of the Study
This PEA has been prepared to support a major project application as provided in the Tanzania
Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit Regulations of 2005. The PEA provides the
following:
 Description of the proposed Dam Rehabilitation works in Sola Village, Binza Ward,
Maswa District, Simiyu Region.
 Environmental planning context of the proposed development
 Preliminary environmental assessment findings
 Proposed environmental and social management and monitoring plans.
1.4
Methodology
A multi-disciplinary team of experienced social and environmental professionals was
assembled to carry out the required resource assessment, generation of baseline data,
determination of potential impacts and recommendation of mitigation measures. An
interactive approach among the environmental team members and other project
professionals was adopted.
The methodology brought together several approaches that include interviews and
consultation with key stakeholders, the review of existing information and data, and site
visits. The information provided at the local level i.e. from Sola Village, Binza Ward and Maswa
District Council established a reliable baseline for the PEA study.
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1.4.1 Consultations with Stakeholders
1.4.1.1 Identification of Stakeholders
The identification of stakeholders for the proposed project area mainly considered location
of the project and socio economic activities in regard to proximity with local communities. As
such, the leadership and communities in the Sola Village, Binza Ward and Maswa District
wherein the proposed project is located formed the primary and key stakeholders. The local
government authorities and other government agencies in the social, environmental and
water resources sectors in Simiyu Region and Lake Victoria Basin have also been identified as
other key stakeholders.
1.4.1.2 Involvement of Stakeholders
During PEA study the identified stakeholders have been involved through direct consultation,
meetings, group and individual interviews. Some also assisted in identifying other key
stakeholders for the project.
1.4.1.3 Information gathering techniques
In the first place, data and information gaps were identified and strategies put in place for
collecting the information before or during the impact assessment study. Generally, baseline
information (on the bio-physical and socio-economic environment), institutional and legal
conditions was collected from a variety of sources including:
 Review of relevant documents: Guidelines and standards, and legislation etc; (e.g.
Environmental Management Act and EIA Regulations and Guidelines, other related
national acts and local by- laws.
 Project documents: Concepts, design and schedule of the proposed project; maps at
appropriate scale and photographs of the project area;
 Literature on the project: For this matter, a detailed review of existing information
on the proposed Sola Dam Rehabilitation project in Maswa District.
 Existing secondary information and data on different environmental, social,
economical and cultural characteristics of the area obtainable at relevant offices in
Maswa District.
 Baseline information (on the bio-physical and socio-economic environment),
institutional and legal conditions
 Consultation with project administrators and experts; project planning teams; and
other service providers especially at LVEMPII and Maswa District Council, regarding
the project elements from both technical and environmental perspectives.
 Consultation with all institutions and agencies relevant to the project
implementation and environmental management and monitoring – regional and
local for information and data on guidelines and standards, laws & by-laws,
institutional structures and mandates, management procedures, human and
institutional capacities and needs for environmental and social management and
monitoring of the proposed project.
 Field visits for data/information collection – using interviews and discussions with
experts, key informants, committees on other socio and security issues, as well as
observations in Maswa District
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1.5
Structure of the report
The report is presented in Nine Chapters with the First Chapter presenting an introduction,
background information and objectives of the PEA study and the methodology adopted in
carrying out the data/information gathering exercise. The Second Chapter presents detailed
project description thereby highlighting major project components and activities. Chapter
Three jots down the baseline environment existing in the area; it covers an overall spectrum
of the physical as well as the biological characteristics. During the PEA study some
stakeholders were consulted to obtain views and opinions which were considered in the
preparation of this report. The synthesis of the views and opinions are presented in Chapter
Four. While preliminary identification and analysis of potential environmental and social
impacts of the project are presented in Chapter Five; the mitigation measures are presented
in Chapter Six. Plans to manage and monitor proper implementation of the proposed
mitigation measures are presented in Chapters Seven and Eight respectively. Chapter Nine
provides for the preliminary Decommissioning Plan whereas Chapter Ten presents the
conclusion and recommendation based on the findings of the PEA study. The last section of
the report presents references and a list of appendices, which among other things consists of
maps, photos and list of stakeholder.
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Chapter Two
Project Description
2.1
Proponent History and Project Rationale
2.1.1 Proponent History
The Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project Phase II (also known as LVEMP II) is an
East African Community project under implementation in the five countries that share the
Lake Victoria Basin: Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. It is a trans-boundary
project designed to achieve two development/global environmental objectives. As described
in the first chapter, the project is meant to improve collaborative management of transboundary natural resources of Lake Victoria Basin and reduce environmental stress in the
targeted pollution hotspots and selected degraded sub-catchments as a means of improving
the livelihoods of communities who depend on the natural resources of the Basin. The project
comprises four main components: (i) strengthening institutional capacity for managing shared
water and fisheries resources; (ii) point source pollution control and prevention; (iii)
watershed management; and (iv) project coordination and management.
2.1.2 Project Rationale
For decades most African countries are still facing the interlocking challenges of water
scarcity, soil erosion, poor agriculture performance and weak institutional capacities that
expose them to very high risks of food insecurity and land degradation. In Tanzania for
example, despite the significant contribution of the nation in development of water projects
water scarcity is still a serious concern throughout the country and particularly in the semi
arid regions like Dodoma, Mwanza, Simiyu and Shinyanga.
Maswa district is among the few districts in the country which initiated dam construction
before independence. Sola earth dam was constructed in 1948 by the community of Maswa
Township. For Five decades since its construction the dam provided water for the community
for both domestic and livestock uses, development of tree nursery which is located nearby
and protection of vulnerable soils against rill and gully erosion as well as protection of Simiyu
River against silt deposits. In 1997/98 following El Nino storms part of the dam embankment
was washed out. The destroyed portions have expanded to about 10% of the embankment
length and due to increased water pressure has caused gullies and increased siltation to
downstream water bodies (Zanzui Dam, Simiyu River and ultimately Lake Victoria).
The current project intends to rehabilitate the dam so that it can revive its intended functions
of supplying water for domestic uses, livestock, and irrigation. In addition, runoff will be
restricted downstream of the dam hence reduce the occurrence of soil erosion and siltation
in Zanzui Dam, River Simiyu and Lake Victoria. The project will be implemented by LVEMPII in
collaboration with Maswa District Council.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Plate 2.1: Destroyed Embankment and Gullies Formation Downstream
2.2
Project Location and Accessibility
2.2.1 Project Location
The proposed project entails rehabilitation of the existing water dam in Sola Village, Binza
Ward, Maswa District (Figure 2.1). The dam has an earth embankment of 683 meters long
with an initial designed capacity of 800,000m3. The geographical coordinates that mark the
start and end of the dam embankment are 3°10.955"S and 33°48.256"E as well as 3°11.222"S
and 33°48.404"E. On the west the dam is bordered by agricultural farms, Maswa – Kishapu
Road (about 1 km), Maswa Air strip (about 1.2km) and the incoming Sola River. On the South
it is bordered by agricultural farms and Maswa Girls Secondary School (about 1 km). Sola
village is on the North of the dam. On the East the dam is bordered by the outgoing Sola
Page 6
stream and old/poor pumping facilities. There is also a natural vegetation of indigenous trees,
wetland, bushes and grasses.
Figure 2.1. Location of Maswa District, Simiyu Region wherein the project is located
(Source: Tanzania Census Report of 2012 and Internet help)
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Figure 2.2: Specific Project location (Source: Source: Google Earth Imagery of 19th July 2011)
Legend
= Sola Dam Embankment
Page 8
= Sola Dam Catchment Area
Figure 2.3: Specific Project location (Source: Source: Google Earth Imagery of 19th July 2011)
Legend
= Sola Dam Embankment
= Sola Dam Catchment Area
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
2.2.2 Accessibility
The project area is accessed by a rough earth road branching off from Maswa - Bariadi at Sola
village, about 2 km from Maswa town. The proposed dam site in particular, is accessed from
Sola Village, about 1.3 km from the centre of the village. The existing road will be used to
cater for transportation of people, materials, tools and equipment especially during physical
work rehabilitation activities.
2.3
Project Scope
2.3.1 Size and Capacities
The project entails rehabilitation of the dam embankment. Its implementation will follow
conventional project cycle and engineering scheduling, procedures and practices. It will
involve engineering design and construction of the following dam components:
 Embankment dam
 Cattle troughs (2) and Domestic water point (DP)
 Outlets works including pipes and fittings
 Office and caretaker’s residence
2.3.2 Design Summary and Technical Provisions
2.3.2.1 Embankment Dam
The existing destroyed dam has an embankment of 683m and 2.5m lengths and widths
respectively. Two sections of this embankment have been destroyed; one with a length of
about 25m and the other one with 15m. These sections have been broken and therefore allow
for water from Solar River to pass through to Zanzui dam.
The proposed rehabilitation works will rebuild the broken sections using selected soil
materials to allow for retention of water from Sola stream into the dam. In addition, the
rehabilitation works will increase the embankment height from 2.5m to 3.9m for the entire
length of 683m. The entire embankment will be planted with natural grasses to control soil
erosion and avoid another breakage.
2.3.2.2 Cattle troughs and Domestic water point (DP)
Two (2) cattle troughs will be established to allow for the supply of water to the livestock
(Plate 2.2). The troughs will extract water from the dam but will be aside so that livestock
cannot enter into the dam and contaminate the water. It is anticipated that the proposed Sola
Dam will increase livestock accessibility to reliable water supply from 15% to 45% in the 7
villages surrounding Sola Dam.
The proposed Sola dam will also accommodate one (1) Domestic Water Point. This point will
be designed to allow for extraction of water from local people in the locality. The point
therefore will have necessary facilities to easy the fetching of water and avoid risks of entering
the dam directly. It is expected that the proposed Sola dam will increase local people
accessibility to reliable water supply from the current 40% to 60% in the 7 villages surrounding
the dam.
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Plate 2.2: Sample Cattle Trough (Source: The Agha Khan Foundation, 2007)
2.3.2.3 Outlets works including pipes and fittings
The outlet works will involve establishment of the spillway as well as pipe works. The spillway
(overflow channel) will be designed and established to provide for controlled release of flows
of water from a dam into a downstream area (Figure 2.4). The purpose is to release floods so
that water does not overtop and damage or even destroy the dam. The design of spillway
therefore will consider the largest flood that is expected in project area.
Figure 2.4: Typical Cross Section for a Spillway
(Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillway visited on 26th March 2014)
On the other hand, 60 meters GS pipe (100mm diameter), one 3’’ diameter Gate valve, ¾ pipe fittings
and 30 meters GS pipe (75mm diameter) will be used for the project.
Page 11
2.3.2.4 Office and caretaker’s residence
A medium sized building structure will be established to serve as an onsite office and
caretaker’s residence. The building will be constructed of concrete blocks and roofed with
corrugated aluminum sheets. It will be furnished with office facilities (i.e. tables and chairs)
as well as residential facilities (i.e. beds, kitchen utensils, etc.). The building will be used during
the dam operational phase.
2.4
Project Activities
Project activities differ for the different phases of the project i.e. Planning and Design,
Mobilization, Construction, Demobilization, Operation and Decommissioning phases. The
activities per phase are described in the sections below.
2.4.1 Planning and Design Phase
LVEMPII and Maswa District Council through a consultant have already started the project
planning and design work. Currently the physical planning of the area is underway and other
associated planning and supporting studies are being done. Planning and design work involves
the following activities:
 Technical feasibility studies (baseline, geotechnical & hydrological studies)
 Preliminary and detailed designs and preparation of drawings
 Environmental, social and economic appraisals
2.4.2 Mobilization Phase
Mobilization phase constitute activities that entail commencement and setting of the
proposed project. The phase will last up to about 3 months. The activities include:
 Formation of Co-management Intervention Committee (CMIC).
 Sensitization of Ward Development Committee (WDC) of Binza and Shanwa wards
on Environmental management and IWRM.
 Formation of Water User Association (WUA).
 Preparation of tender and contracts documents
 Mobilization of the workforce i.e. contractor, suppliers, service providers, etc.
 Mobilization of working tools and equipment
 Mobilization of materials for construction and installation of project components
The phase will also involve setting up the temporary structures for the storage of materials
and construction equipment and machinery. The temporary storage structures will also
accommodate guards to provide security for the materials. Note that it is planned that
workers will be residing in the nearby areas and shuttling to and from the project site. A
contractor will be responsible for this activity with supervision from LVEMPII, Maswa District
Council and appointed consultant.
2.4.3 Construction Phase
The construction phase will involve carrying out development activities that will mark
implementation of Sola dam rehabilitation project. The activities shall include:
 General site clearance which includes cut of trees and removal of vegetation that is
currently existing within the dam area
Page 12
 Earth works which includes cuts and fills for the dam’s embankment and excavations
of foundation trenches for the proposed offices and outlet works
 Rehabilitation of the dam’s embankment
 Construction of two cattle troughs and Domestic water point (DP)
 Outlet works which include pipes and fittings
 Protection of embankment and gully control
 Construction of office and caretaker’s residence.
 Supervision of construction and rehabilitation activities
The sections below provide detailed description of the various consideration and
undertakings of the mobilization and construction phase.
2.4.3.1 The Workforce
Construction activities will require skilled and unskilled laborers. The rehabilitation and
construction works will be done by registered engineering contractors by the Contractors
Registration Board (CRB). Preliminary analysis of the project workforce requirement
estimates that the construction works will engage about 30 people (10 skilled and 20
unskilled).
2.4.3.2 Materials inputs
The project will require various standard construction materials including cement, gravel,
aggregates, sand, steel rods, timber, water etc for the proposed rehabilitation and
construction of the various components of the project. Most of the materials will be obtained
locally in Maswa. Table 2.1 shows approximate amount of the materials that will be used.
Table 2.1: Materials requirement for Sola Dam rehabilitation works
Materials
Quantity
Source
Sand and aggregates
2500 tones
Locally available in Maswa
Cement
600 tones
Licensed local suppliers in Maswa
Mass concrete
-
Licensed local suppliers in Mwanza
city
Water for rehabilitation and
construction activities
Grasses and trees for planting to
control erosion gullies
Formworks to be hired for
concrete work
Fuel, lubricants and paints
Pipes and fittings
Steel
Timber
Assortment of mechanical parts
(nails, iron sheets, etc)
10,000m3
Sola stream
-
Locally available in Maswa
-
Contractor
Various
100 tones
Various
Various
Locally available in Maswa District
Purchased from Mwanza City
Purchased from Mwanza City
Locally available in Maswa District
Locally available in Maswa District
Page 13
2.4.3.3 Equipment and machinery requirements
The project will employ various types of working tools, equipment and machinery. Table 2.2
provides a list of working tools, equipment and vehicles that will be used during the
construction phase.
Table 2.2: Equipment requirement for mobilization and construction works
S/N Type
Quantity Duration Source
(Month) (Hire, Contractor)
1
Concrete mixer
1
6
Contractor
2
Trucks
4
6
Contractor
3
Compactor
2
6
Contractor
4
Bulldozer
1
6
Contractor
5
Excavator
1
6
Contractor
6
Grader
1
6
Contractor
7
Levelling and surveying machines Various 6
Contractor
and equipments
8
Vehicles
3
6
LVEMPII, MDC and
Contractor
9
Ancillary equipments (e.g. GPS,
Various 6
Contractor
Compass, water bowser, etc.)
10 Simple working tools (e.g. hoes,
Various 6
Contractor
axles, spades, etc.)
2.4.3.4 Transportation
Input materials to the site will be transported by trucks through the existing access road that
branch off Maswa – Bariadi road at Sola village in Maswa district. Most of the working tools,
equipment and machinery will be the property of Contractor and will be stored at the site.
While workers will be residing at the temporary camp or near the project area (hence no need
for transport services), supervisors (based at contractors, LVEMPII and MDC) will use private
vehicles to and from the project sites.
2.4.3.5 Storage
Materials that are sensitive to weather such as cement will be stored in on-site stores. Other
materials such as aggregates, gravel will be stockpiled at the sites. Construction equipment
will also be stored in onsite stores when not in use. Maintenance and repair of project vehicles
will be done in the existing garages in Maswa town. Filling of fuel for some equipment such
as compactors will be done on site whereas for vehicles and trucks will be done outside the
project area in existing fuel stations in Maswa town.
2.4.3.6 Site preparation activities
Site preparation activities will include general clearance of the site especially the catchment
area which is currently full of trees and vegetation of various sorts. The clearance therefore
will involve cutting down of trees and removal of the existing vegetation cover within and in
the proximity of the catchment area and the embankment. Other site preparation activities
Page 14
will be earth works for the establishment of the subsurface structures (foundation) for offices
and stockpiling of cut materials for use in landscaping after construction activities. A
combination of excavators, simple working tools and equipment as well as trucks will be used
for site clearance and preparation.
2.4.3.7 Local supplies and services
Food supplies will be from the local vendors in Sola village. Medical supply will be from local
registered medical facilities in the Binza Ward and Maswa District. Water for construction
activities will be sourced onsite from Sola stream whereas domestic and sanitary undertakings
will use water supplied by Maswa District Council and some will be purchased from registered
water suppliers that serve in Maswa district.
2.4.3.8 Management of Construction Activities
As pin pointed earlier, management of construction activities will be responsibility of the
appointed contractor. This will be a registered firm/individual by the Contractors’
Registration Board (CRB). The contractor will:
 Develop a project plan
 Acquire approval of plan
 Manage the implementation of all activities described in it
 Update the plan as changes occur
 Communicate the changes to project manager and consultant
The contractor will also be responsible for the employment of the required personnel and
preparation of schedule of works. There will be planned site meetings between the contractor
and project developers to assess the progress of the works. During these meetings the
contractor will present progress reports including plans for the next phase.
2.4.3.9 Construction Supervision
Supervision of construction works will be done by consulting firm registered by Engineers
Registration Board (ERB) of Tanzania in collaboration with civil engineers based at MDC. The
consulting engineer, among other things, to ensure that the work is constructed in accordance
with the plans and specifications, the contract is administered in a proper and fair manner,
the contractor is paid for all contract items that are satisfactorily completed in accordance
with the contract, the work is adequately inspected and properly documented.
Overall project management will be administered by Maswa District Council under overall
oversight of the District Executive Director (DED). The DED will establish a Co-management
Intervention Committee (CMIC) comprising of stakeholders at all levels and it will have day to
day responsibility of managing implementation of the sub-project. Composition of the CMCI
will be as follows:
 District Planning Officer (DPLO)
– Chairperson
 District LVEMP II Focal Officer (DLFO) - Secretary
 Two Village Chairpersons (representing community)
 One Ward Executive Officer (WEO) and one Extension staff (representing ward level)
 District Environmental Management Officer (DEMO), District Forest Officer (DFO) &
District Community Development Officer (DCDO) representing the District Council
 One member from the Civil Society
Page 15
 Two members from other implementing institutions (Lake Victoria Basin Water Office
and Maswa Urban Water Supply Authority)
2.4.4
Demobilization Phase
Demobilization phase will follow after construction activities. The phase will last for about 2
weeks and will include the following activities:
 Demobilization of the workforce i.e. contractor, suppliers, service providers, etc.
 Demobilization of working tools, equipment and machinery
 Reallocation/disposal of remained materials
 Dismantling of the work camp and associated components
The contractor will be responsible for these activities with supervision from LVEMPII, Maswa
District Council and appointed consultant.
2.4.5
Operation Phase
Operational phase will commence after development works have been completed and the
rehabilitating dam is functioning. The paragraphs below provide detailed description of
activities to be undertaken during the operation phase.
2.4.5.1 Workforce for Management of Operation Activities
Sola dam is rehabilitated in order to store water for domestic, agricultural and livestock uses.
As such, after testing and commissioning the rehabilitated dam and all its components, the
dam will be operated by MDC to facilitate the intended purposes. The council will employ
some skilled personnel to guard and operate the dam. However, during the guarantee period
as shall be specified in agreements, it will be the responsibility of the contractor to rectify all
problems as per the agreement. Beyond the guarantee period there can be maintenance
agreement if MDC does not have capacity to maintain the systems.
2.4.6
Waste Collection and Disposal
Waste generation associated with the project are provided in Table 2.3. Most and critical
wastes are expected from the construction/rehabilitation activities. The project will
incorporate a comprehensive solid waste collection system and wastewater disposal design.
Table 2.3: Management of wastes during project implementation
Type of waste Source and characteristics
Management procedure
Overburden
Shall emanate from anticipated
earth works under the project. This
waste is expected during the
construction phase.
- Avoid unnecessary excavation of
land
- Stockpile and store most of
overburden produced for site
rehabilitation
Solid wastes
Shall include garbage (as a result of
preparation and serving of food at
the camp and construction site) and
rubbish (which includes papers,
cardboards, woods, tree leaves and
- A solid waste collection point
shall be designed and established
to separate and store various
sorts of solid wastes before they
are disposed off.
Page 16
branches, bottles, metals, plastic
materials, containers and packaging
materials) during construction
phase.
Liquid wastes
Sewage is expected from workers
and supervisors during the
construction phase as well as dam
operators during the operation
phase. It will be only grey water
from bathing.
An onsite pit latrine will be design
and established at the construction
site. The toilet will continually serve
during the operation phase. Bathing
facilities will also be established to
serve for laundry activities. An
onsite pit for this matter will be
established to treat grey water
through ground filtration.
Hazardous
wastes
Will include chemical additives from - Secondary containment
construction activities (including
measures in areas where fuels,
paints), leaking fuels and lubricants
oils and lubricants are stored and
from poorly maintained trucks,
loaded or unloaded shall be
vehicles, machinery and equipment.
installed
Most of these wastes are expected
- All hazardous materials and
during the construction phase.
chemicals will be handled in
accordance with their Materials
Safety Data Sheets held on site.
2.4.7
Decommissioning phase
The proposed Sola Dam may last for a very long time if there will be proper operations as well
as appropriate periodical maintenance and repair. However, the dam may stop its operation
due to a number of reasons including natural disasters. Under this circumstance rehabilitation
of the project site will be carried out to restore the site to its original status or a better status
than it was originally. If the decommissioning happens the proponent will develop the
decommissioning plan. This plan will establish feasible decommissioning schemes that can be
accomplished without undue risk to the health and safety of the public and decommissioning
personnel, without adverse effects on the environment, and within established guides and
limits of the appropriate regulatory agencies.
2.4.8
Support Facilities and Services
2.4.8.1 Water Supply
Potable water will be needed by workers during the construction and operation phases.
About 100L/day and 20L/day will be required for drinking purposes during the construction
and operation phases respectively.
Page 17
The portable water supplied by MDC will be used for drinking purposes. At some instances
drinking water will be purchased from local suppliers in Maswa.
2.4.8.2 Security
During the construction phase, the contractor will mobilize for security requirement at the
project area. During the operation phase MDC shall mobilize security from Sola village to take
care of the dam and associated facilities and properties.
2.4.8.3 Staffing:
Workforce selection during the construction and operation phases will give preference to
local people. However, recruiting out-of-area workers (by contractors) with skills that are not
available locally will also be required.
2.5
Cost Structure of the Project
Financial resources are a vital component of the proposed rehabilitation of Sola Dam. The
resources are required for development, operations and maintenance activities. The total
development cost for the proposed project is Tshs. 254,941,005/= and will be contributed in
the following order: Tshs. 245,724,294/= by LVEMPII and Tsh. 9,216,711/= by MDC.
Page 18
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Chapter Three
The Baseline Environment
3.1
Introduction
This chapter provides a description of relevant environmental, economic and social
characteristics of the project core area (site specific), and areas in the immediate vicinity of
the project which is Sola village as well as broad description of the area of influence i.e. Binza
ward and Maswa district. The Consultant relied on secondary data and information found in
literature covering the project area and observation at the site. The level of details in the
various sections depends on the interactions between the project activities and the particular
environmental or socio-economic aspect.
3.2
Location and Administrative Boundaries
The proposed project is located in Mwanza Maswa district. The district is one of the seven
districts in Simiyu region. It is bordered by Meatu District in the East, Bariadi in the North and
Northwest, Kishapu in the South and Southwest and Kwimba District in the West.
The District lies between the latitudes 2.45’ and 3.15’ South of the Equator and between the
longitudes of 33.0’ and 34.1’ east of the Greenwich Meridian. The altitude of the District lies
between 1200 m and 1300 m above sea level administratively the district has 3 divisions
namely Mwagala, Sengerema and Nung’hu, 26 wards and 115 registered villages, also there
is one Township authority that has 34 hamlets.
The proposed dam rehabilitation project is located in Sola Village, Binza ward.
3.3
The Physical Environment
3.3.1 Climate
Maswa district has a semi arid climate with bimodal rainfall pattern of between 450 and 1000
mm with an average of 750mm. The average rainfall decreases from north to south and from
west to east. The short rains start in mid November to mid January and the long rains start
early March up to May. The average temperature is 26o C. Large parts of the district have
hardly and vegetative cover and the soil fertility in large tracks of the district is medium to
poor.
3.3.2 Topography and Soil
The topography of the district is characterized by flat, gently undulating plains covered with
low sparse vegetation. The area is dominated by heavy black clay soils with areas of red loam
and sandy soil. It is observed that most of the Maswa district is dry flat lowland thus its agroeconomic zones are not well pronounced as it is with some regions in the country.
3.4
Water Resources and Hydrology
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
3.4.1 Surface Water and Hydrology
Two main factors affect the availability and quality of surface water in the vicinity of the
project area: (1) wet and dry seasons and (2) agricultural use of land, resulting in impacts to
water supplies. During the wet season water is typically captured by farmers directly. Much
of the water is captured in water ponds, natural streams, low land wet areas and used for
small scale agriculture, aquaculture and domestic use. In addition, runoff reports to
downstream ends and several naturally existing surface ponds in the area, some of which will
retain water throughout the dry season. The dry season corresponds to the hottest
temperatures, highest evaporation rates and lowest precipitation. During the dry season,
water in the area is often scarce.
The main surface water sources in Maswa district are the dams and wells. The district has 3
dams as described in Table 3.1. However, currently the district receives its water supply from
Zanzui Dam which was constructed in the late 1980’s. The dam has a capacity of supplying
Maswa district headquarter with 1,607 cubic metres of water which is over and above the
daily requirement of the residents which currently standing at 1,500 cu metres per day.
Table 3.1: Existing water dams in Maswa District
S/n Name
Capacity
Years
Remarks
(m³)
constructed
1
Zanzui Dam
1.607 x 103
1980
Condition – good. The dam is
(New Sola Dam)
currently serving Maswa District
2
Nyambiti dam
0.18 x 106
1950
3
Old Sola Dam
0.8 x 106
1950
Condition – fair
 Dam is silted
 Dam dried up in Jan 2006
 Currently these is some water
which is distributed to our
customers
Condition – poor
 Dam is embankment
collapsed during ELMINO
rains, 1997 / 1998 season
 Not yet repaired
 This project entail for
rehabilitation of this dam
At the project area in Sola village, Sola River exists. The river consists of a natural drain and a
levee floodway which flows on the South-West of Nyalikungu (Maswa District Centre) and
empties into Simiyu River and ultimately into Lake Victoria. The river is expected to feed the
proposed Sola dam (the project area) after rehabilitation but also is currently feeding the
operating Zanzui dam which is located at about 10 km North – East from Sola dam with central
coordinates of 3"7.119"S and 33°52.577E" (Figure 3.1 and Plate 3.1 – 3.2).
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Plate 3.1: A section of Zanzui Dam downstream the project area
(Source: Consultant: 03/02/2014)
Figure 3.1: Location of Zanzui Dam
(Source: Source: Google Earth Imagery of 19th July 2011)
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Plate 3.2: A section of Zanzui Dam downstream the proposed Sola Dam
(Source: Consultant: 03/02/2014)
3.4.2 Ground Water Resources
There is evidence that there is an abundance of groundwater resources in most of the
adjacent land surrounding the project area. They are in the form of springs, shallow wells,
water ponds and bore holes (Table 3.2) that exist within Maswa District which is used by local
community members for domestic purposes.
Table 3.2: Existing Boreholes in Maswa District
S/N Name
Field
Depth Year
m³/Hr
constructed
1
Mwanguhi
13.3
36.6
1987
SHY 77/86
2
Madeco I
12.7
60
1987
SHY 143/87
3
Uzunguni
8.1
37.7
1974
SHY 181/74
4
Sola
11.36
24.4
1974
SHY 7/74
5
Madeco II
6.0
40
1998
SHY 139/98
6
badabada
6.0
40
2004
7
Maswa
Girls
3.0
17.9
1982
Page 22
Type of pump
Remarks
Submersible
Working
Submersible
Submersible
Fairly
working
Working
Mono pump
Working
Hand pump
SNW 80
Hand pump
Afri Dev
Hand pump
Afri Dev
Working
Working
working
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
3.5
Biological Environment
The rationale of management of biodiversity is to enhance maintenance of ecosystem
functioning. Environmental degradation results in reduced supply of crucial environmental
resources such as clean water, air, as well as fertile soils. Similarly, animals and plants provide
the biological mechanism for the filtration of dirty water, or reconditioning of polluted soil.
Biodiversity conservation and management therefore is the crucial aspect of maintenance of
the ecosystem services that are essential for the life support of plants, human and other
animals. All components of the ecosystems (physical environments, flora and fauna) of a site
are related and interdependent.
3.5.1 Flora
The project site and its proximity are characterized by mainly mixture of bush and shrubs. The
bushes compose of short and scattered trees interspaced with short grasses (Plate 3.3). These
grasses act as fodder for cattle grazing, though they wither during dry season. The dominant
tree species are acacia species. The species is available in abundance within and outside the
dam site. The common species identified include acacia auriculiformis, accasia nilotica,
leucaena diversifolia and papyrus water plants.
Note that during the construction phase, the trees and vegetation currently existing within
the dam site will have to be cleared to pave the way for water to fill in and the dam to operate.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Plate 3.3: Some vegetation observed at the site (Source: Photographed at site, Date: 03/02/2014)
3.5.2 Fauna
Main fauna reported by locals include small animals such as rats, reptiles (including lizards and
snakes), arthropods (butterflies, grasshoppers, ants and insects including bees of various
kinds) and birds. Bees keeping for example were observed near Zanzui dam (about 10 km
from Sola dam) during PEA study (Plate 3.4). In addition, local people also informed that Sola
stream which passes through the project area accommodates few species of fishes which are
cached and used for domestic dish, crabs and some micro-invertebrate organisms of various
sorts. The main domestic fauna observed and reported by local people are cattle, goats, sheep
and poultry (Plate 3.5).
Plate 3.4: Bees keeping observed downstream the project area at Zanzui dam
(Source: Photographed at site, Date: 03/02/2014)
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Plate 3.5: Cattle grazing observed at the site (Source: Photographed at site, Date: 03/02/2014)
3.6
Land Use
Maswa district has a total of 3,398 square km of which 2,475 sq. km are suitable for agriculture
and livestock keeping. 77 square km is forest reserve and 846 square km are mountainous
with slight bushes and shrubs. The proposed project area is a public land owned by Maswa
District Council and it has been marked as an appropriate area for water dam.
3.7
Socio-Economic Environment
3.7.1 Demographic Profile
3.7.1.1 Population
According to 2012 population and housing Census, Maswa District Council has a population
of 344,125 people of whom males were 167,402 (48.65%) and Females 176,723 (51.35%). The
district constitutes about 21.72% of total Simiyu Region (1,584,157) population.
In Binza ward wherein the project area is located, the population was 12,243 people whereby
males 6099 (49.82%) and females were 6144 (50.18%) which is equivalent to 3.56% of the
total population in Maswa District Council. The average household size was 5.2
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
3.7.1.2 Type and Pattern of Housing
Residential houses in Sola village fall into cement bricks with corrugated aluminium roofing,
burnt bricks or stick/wood walls with corrugated aluminium roofing or grasses.
3.7.1.3 Gender Aspects
Both women and men in Maswa District are involved in planning cycle and implementing
activities especially in economic activities. Maswa District women’s participation in
agriculture for example has been assessed to be at around 70% and 80%. The District has a
total of 695 women economic groups made up of an average of 5 members each that are
engaged in various economic activities.
3.7.2 Main Economic Activities
The basis of the district economy is agriculture and livestock keeping as well described in the
sections below. However, weather fluctuations to a large extent affect crops and livestock
production. The income per capita for the year 2010 was estimated to TZS 257, 000/=.
3.7.2.1 Agriculture Potentiality
The district grows food crops such as sorghum, millet, sweet potatoes, rice, cassava,
groundnuts and maize in some areas. A cash crop like cotton is grown in the large part of the
District. Paddy is becoming dominant cash and food crop in Sengerema and Nung’hu divisions.
The area suitable for irrigation is 52,375 (ha), among this only 1,511 (ha) are under
development at 4 irrigation schemes of Bukangilija, Buyubi, Bukigi and Ijinga. There are
36,326 pairs of Oxen ploughs are mostly used in land cultivation and oxen for crops and goods,
138 tractors that are mostly used in land cultivation in the district. The use of power tillers for
cultivation has been now familiarized, notably in 2010/12 financial year the Council were
able to acquire and distribute 73 power tillers and through Public Private Partnership (PPP)
one businessman have acquired and loaned 10 power tillers to trustful and credible farmers
.The District has 4 markets, and 8 open markets (“Magulio”), also the Districts has 5 livestock
market (“Minada”) where most of the agricultural crops are sold.
Agricultural activities are also practiced in the vicinity of the project area. During PEA study
small scale farming of maize and rice (Plate 3.6) was observed. However, it was informed by
MDC that the existing farms will not be affected by the proposed dam rehabilitation works.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Plate 3.6: Ongoing small scale farming (maize and rice) in the vicinity of the project area
(Source: Photographed at site, Date: 03/02/2014)
3.7.2.2 Livestock
The major Livestock kept in the District are cattle, goats, sheep and poultry. The District also
provides services to livestock keepers through 30 dipping tanks, 26 charcoal dams, 32 crashes,
one (1) holding ground, one (1) livestock clinic and seven (7) Livestock Development centre.
Table 3.3 quantify the livestock categories kept in Maswa District.
Table 3.3: Number of livestock in the Maswa District
Cattle
Goats
Poultry
Local
breed
Dairy
bree
d
Local
breed
Dairy
breed
402,52
5
375
217,581
766
Sheep
Donkey Pigs
Local
118,600 918,411
Dogs
Layers
4,000
825
390 12,286
Source: Agriculture and Livestock department, MDC, March, 2012.
In sola village where the proposed dam rehabilitation will take place, livestock keeping is
practiced. During PEA field visit grazing of cattle, goats and sheep was observed within the
proposed dam site (refer plate 3.3). It was informed that these livestock require special
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
consideration to enable them access water for drinking from the proposed the dam. This
request has been considered in the dam design.
3.7.2.3 Trade and Industry
Maswa District has got 1,450 business premises; also there are 189 small grinding machines,
6 ginning factories, 5 sunflower oil mills and 2 cotton oil mills. All these factories do create
employment to Maswa, Lalago and Malampaka residents. The District also has small-scale
industries such as grinding, carpentry, oil extraction, metal work and tailoring.
3.7.3 Economic Infrastructures
3.7.3.1 Road Network
Maswa District has a total road length of 1,080.2 km, which comprises regional roads with
288 km, District and feeder roads 792.2 km. Most of the existing District feeder roads are in
pathetic condition due to lack of regular maintenance and inadequate funds allocated. Only
77% of the District roads are passable during the rainy season.
For the year 2012/2013 budgets the total of 203.8 km will be maintained and or developed;
among them 107 km will be gravel roads and 88.3 km will be Earth roads, while 8.5 km of
Earth roads will be developed .
3.7.3.2 Railway
The central railway line, which starts at Mwanza, passes through the District at Malampaka
railway station to Dar es Salaam. Notably, this service is not currently provided.
3.7.3.3 Communication
Land based telephone services are provided by the Tanzania Telecommunications Company
Limited (TTCL). The District headquarters is connected with STD telephone, mobile phones
and fax, internet and e-mail services. Other telephone providers are private companies of
cellular telephone services notably Zain, Vodacom and Tigo which are all available full time.
In addition, Maswa District has one Radio station known as Sibuka FM
3.7.3.4 Air Transport
There is an airstrip in Maswa District. Actually, the strip is located close to the project site
(Sola dam), about 1 km on the west side.
3.7.3.5 Energy
Charcoal and firewood are the main sources of energy used by the communities in the area.
Charcoal is the dominant source of energy for cooking and other domestic purposes.
Kerosene is used for lighting purposes. There are also other sources of energy used like Gas
and solar which are considered expensive to the majority of Sola Villagers.
On the other hand TANESCO does serve for electricity in Maswa District. The services are
available at Nyalikungu town, Malampaka, Lalago, Sangamwalugesha, Njiapanda, Gula,
Malita, Mwandete and Sayusayu villages.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
3.7.4 Social Infrastructures and Services
3.7.4.1 Water Supply
A described in sections 3.5.1, the technology used in the district for water collection, storage
and extraction are dams and wells. Clean and safe water is provided to about 253,323 people;
this is equal to 73.61% of all people living in the District. In addition to the data provided in
section 3.5.1, Table 3.4 shows water service that is available in Maswa District.
Table 3.4: Water services in Maswa District
YEAR SHALLOW WELLS
BOREHOLES
2008
587
18
2009
648
18
2010
668
25
2011
740
35
2012
740
58
Source: Water Department, MDC, March 2012
PIPED
WATER
SCHEME
CHARCOAL
DAMS
11
11
13
20
20
17
19
19
35
35
RAIN
WATER
HARVESTS
TANK
45
65
68
75
77
3.7.4.2 Health Facilities
Maswa district Council is offering health services, (both curative and preventive) through 41
health facilities (Table 3.5). About 73% of the population is accessible to health facilities within
5 km.
Maswa District hospital is the only referral centre for all the lower health facilities. The
hospital has a very poor quality operating theatre for its level, which is old and small that has
a single operating room and no sterilization room, hence risking patients for the case of
controlling sepsis. However, in year 2011 budget, the Council has started to construct one
storey operation theatre that will be completed in three years consecutive budgets. The
District has a single old ambulance acquired in the year 1998 which is stationed at the District
hospital and always needs major services hence very high running costs.
Table 3.5: Distribution of Health Facilities in Maswa District Council
Type of
Required
Existing and Ownership
health facility
Government Voluntary Parastatal
agencies
Hospital
4
1
0
0
Health centre
26
3
0
0
Dispensary
115
31
3
0
Page 29
Private
Total
0
0
3
1
3
37
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Total
35
Source: Health Department, MDC, March, 2012
3
0
3
41
3.7.4.3 Education Facilities
The District has a total of 121 primary school among them 2 are private and 119 are owned
by the Government, 38 secondary schools among them , 2 are private ,and 36 are owned by
the Government. There is also one folk development centre (FDC). Illiteracy rate is only 38%.
3.7.4.4 Employment
The District has a working force (18 - 60 years), which is estimated to be 48% of total
population. More than 90% of the working force is employed in Agriculture and Livestock
keeping while less than 10% is employed in non-agricultural employment, such as
employment in Governmental and Non-Governmental institutions and small business.
Chapter Four
Stakeholders Consultation
4.1
Introduction
Participation is a process through which different stakeholders influence and share their
views regarding development initiatives and the decisions and resources that affect them.
The participation of different social groups directly affected by a project is a prerequisite of
any project planning nowadays. The involvement of the project affected persons (PAP) in the
design of the mitigation plan increases the probability of project acceptance and success.
Section 89 of the Environmental Management Act (EMA, 2004) provides directives on public
participation in the EIA process. The stakeholders for participation in the EIA process include
the government agencies, beneficiaries, and all other formal or informal groups associated
with a project.
In order to comply with above named Act and Regulations, initial stakeholders consultation
exercise was conducted for selected and potential stakeholders in Maswa District and
Mwanza City with the overall goal of disseminating project information and to incorporate
the concerns and views of PAP in the design of the mitigation measures, and management
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
plan pertaining to the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam project. The specific aims
of the consultation process were to:
 To access stakeholders awareness regarding the proposed project;
 To introduce the proposed project and PEA processes to the potential affected and
benefited stakeholders
 To receive and address some of the concerns stakeholders may have regarding the
proposed project;
 To identify social and environmental impacts of the project and by sharing knowledge
and experience design methods of mitigating the impacts, and
 To increase long term project sustainability and ownership.
This chapter describes the definition of stakeholder, stakeholders identification process, the
list of potential stakeholders identified and consulted; the consultation methodology used;
and identified stakeholders’ issues concerns regarding the propose project.
4.2
Stakeholders Identification and Participation
Stakeholders include individuals, groups or organizations that might be affected by or might
affect in one way or the other (positively or negatively) the proposed project. They are found
both at National, regional and local levels and range from government authorities, NGOs to
local communities. The stakeholder identification was conducted through an assessment of
the envisaged implications arising from project development. Various groups and individuals
considered to be key stakeholders that might be impacted by the project components or have
influence on the project were identified and consulted. (Plate 4.1). These stakeholders
included Government sectors, District, Ward and local leaders. The list of key stakeholders
consulted for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam project is shown in Table 4.1.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Plate 4.1: A section of participants in a meeting with local leaders during stakeholders
consultation(Source: Photographed at site, Date: 03/02/2014)
The Stakeholders’ consultations processes took place in the form of focus group meetings and
discussion with local authorities and technical personnel, direct personal interviews, and
physical visits were the main methods used in involving selected stakeholders. A
multidisciplinary team of experts met with officials from Government departments, regional
and district local government authorities, and ward leaders for consultation. The Consultant
team considered all aspects of the project that can cause environmental or socio-economic
changes in all stakeholders’ meetings/consultations. The team also evaluated the significance
of each aspect of the project in terms of defined criteria, taking into account the scale, extent,
duration, the potential to implement mitigation measures and controls and the likelihood and
timescale of environmental recovery.
Table 4.1: List of Stakeholders Consulted
SN Level of Stakeholder
Stakeholders
1 National/Zonal
Lake Victoria Basin Water Officers
2 District
Maswa District Administrative Secretary
3
Maswa District Executive Director
4
Maswa District Town Planner
5
Maswa District Land Officer
6
Maswa District Water Engineer
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ward and Street
MAUWASA Managing Director
Binza Ward Councillor
Binza Ward Councillor, Special Seat
Binza Ward Executive Officer
Sola Village Chairman,
Binza Village Chairman
4.3
Acceptance of Proposed Project
The stakeholders consulted generally viewed the proposed project very positively, hoping
that it will increase availability of water resources for community and livestock in Maswa
district. A summary of the degree of acceptance by different stakeholders consulted above is
presented in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2: Summary of project acceptance by different stakeholders
SN. Stakeholder
Acceptance Level
High
Medium
1
Lake Victoria Basin Water Officers

2
Maswa District Administrative Secretary

3
Maswa District Executive Director

4
Maswa District Town Planner

5
Maswa District Land Officer

6
Maswa District Water Engineer

7
MAUWASA Managing Director

8
Binza Ward Councillor

9
Binza Ward Councillor, Special Seat

10 Binza Ward Executive Officer

11 Sola Village Chairman,

12 Binza Village Chairman

Low
4.4
Stakeholder Issues and Concerns Regarding Project Activities
The resulting details of issues and concerns that were revealed during the various
meetings/consultations and discussions with individuals and groups of stakeholders are
provided in Appendix 4 whereas Appendix 5 provides stakeholders’ signatures. As per the
requirements of the Environment Management Act Cap 191, stakeholders expect that the
project proponent (LVEMP II) will take their views into consideration in the planning and
implementation of the project. Below is highlight of main issues and concerns that were raised
during stakeholders’ consultation for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam Project.
Some of them were addressed (responded) during the consultation meetings. However, the
remaining concerns are addressed in this PEA document. The document includes the
Environmental and Social Management and Monitoring Plans (ESMP), which addresses issues,
arose during the consultation process.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
4.4.1 Legal/Contractual Issues
4.4.1.1 Delay in Project Implementation
All stakeholders consulted during the EIA process agreed that the project should go ahead as
quickly as possible. However, they raised the concern of the long delay in starting
implementation of project activities as per contract signed. They were worried that the
project might not be implemented due to timeline constraints as per contractual agreements.
This concern was clarified that the delay is due to the World Bank (Financier) condition that
all LVEMP II CMIC projects should undergo ESIA processes before they commence. It was
emphasize that this is also as per requirement of Environmental Management Act of 2004. It
was further clarified that the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam is still valid, and
other project arrangements/ preparations for project execution have been completed.
However, its execution will begin after completion of This PEA processes.
4.4.1.2 Location and Land Ownership
Stakeholders consulted had no any objection about the location of the Sola Dam since it is
existing there for many years ago. Also there is no any land conflict related to land ownership
and use in the community.
4.4.2 Environmental Issues and Concerns
4.4.2.1 Alter environmental water flow
One stakeholder was worried that rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam might affect the flow and
availability of water in the existing new constructed dam called New Chaco Dam in Maswa
which lie about 10 km from Sola Chaco Dam. The new dam is currently fed by water escaping
from Sola Dam after part of its banks collapsed.
4.4.2.2 Protection of water sources
Most of stakeholder consulted raised the concern on importance of protection of
environment and water sources since there is water scarcity in Maswa district. It was
emphasized that human activities should be restricted within catchment and buffer zone of
Sola Chaco Dam.
4.4.2.3 Advice on foreseeable negative impacts
Most of stakeholders consulted were in the view that the proposed project on Rehabilitation
of Sola Chaco Dam will not cause any negative environmental and socio-economic impact.
Stakeholders demanded the ESIA Consultant team to provide useful mitigation measures for
any negative environmental and socio-economic impact that might be caused by the
proposed project in all phases
4.4.3 Socio-Economic Issues
4.4.3.1 Employment
One of the positive impacts of the proposed project will be creation of employment. There is
a concern about jobs and that employment should be given to the locals surrounding the
project during construction and operation phases.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
4.4.3.2 Increase availability of water resources
All stakeholders consulted during the PEA process are optimistic that the proposed project
will benefit Maswa district community particularly in increasing access to reliable water
supply since there is water scarcity within the district. Also the project will boost other
community socio-economic development.
4.4.3.3 Community participation
It was insisted during meetings that community participation in all phases of the project will
be key factor for sustainability of proposed project. Involvement of communities is an
important aspect of the public participation process, as it makes easier for dissemination of
project information among communities.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Chapter Five
Identification and Assessment of Impacts
5.1
Introduction
This Chapter assesses the relevant environmental and social issues that may occur throughout
the project cycle that are addressed in this PEA study. The description is based on identified
potential impacts through filed work, potential stakeholders’ consultation, interviews and
experience drawn from other similar projects. It is felt that the project will result in a net
benefit to the local, regional and national communities affected by the project as the positive
project impacts significantly outweigh the potential negative impacts from the project.
5.2
Identification, Classification and Significance of Impacts
Impact identification was through the knowledge of activities involved, literature and
experience of the experts in similar projects. The prediction of impacts is based on the
knowledge of the project and causes and effects and their secondary and synergistic/
cumulative effects for the natural environment and local community. The classification and
significance of impacts for different project components is characterized based on the
following parameters:
 Are extensive over time and space;
 Are intensive in consideration or proportion to assimilative capacity;
 Exceed environmental standards or thresholds;
 Do not comply with environmental policies, land use plans and sustainability strategy;
 Adversely and seriously affects ecological sensitive areas; and
 Adversely and seriously affect heritage resources, other land uses, communities or
indigenous people’s traditions and values.
The significance of impacts have based on their severity and duration of the impact to the
natural and social environment and their importance; exposure and probability of the impact;
consequence of the impacts according to score/scale and colour code implication.
Consideration has also been made to the compliance or incompliance of the existing laws,
standards, conventions and treaties. Tables 5.1 – 5.3 below describe in detail the significance
criteria assigned for the various impacts of the project.
Based on these descriptions of the significance criteria, the analysis of the potential
environmental impacts identified in this project are well described in Appendix 6.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Table 5.1: Assessment of significance in terms of impact’s magnitude, scale and duration
Criterion
Magnitude of
the Impact
Description
An indication of the
severity of the impact,
either positive or
negative.
Possible Results
Term
Very High
Scale of the
Impact
An indication of duration
or time over which the
Duration of the impact will be
Impact
experienced.
Score
5
High
Severe effect – where natural, cultural or social functions are altered to
the extent that they temporarily cease
4
Moderate
Moderate effect – the affected environment is altered but natural,
cultural or social functions continue, albeit in a modified way
3
Very Low
Unknown
Minimal effect – affects the environment in such way that natural,
cultural or social functions and processes are not affected
Minimal or negligible effect
Magnitude of the impact unknown
National
Affects the resources of the country
5
Regional
Affects the resources of the region
4
District
Affects the resources of the district
3
Local
Affects the project area and surrounding villages
2
Site – specific
Unknown
Permanent
Localized, confined within the license area
Extent of the impact unknown
Will remain permanently
1
5
5
Long term
Extends into the post- closure phase, but not Permanently
4
Medium term
Short term
Transient
Unknown
During the operational life of the project
Shorter than the operational life of the project
Very short duration
Duration of the impact is unknown
3
2
1
5
Low
An indication of
geographical extent of
the
impact
Description
Extreme effect – where natural, cultural or social functions or processes
permanently cease
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Table 5.2 Assessment of significance in terms of Exposure and Probability
Criterion
Description
Possible Results
Description
Prolonged Exposure
Term
Discrete Event
Exposure to
Impact
Probability of
the occurrence
An indication of the
frequency of the
activity that may cause
the impact, or the
continuity of the
exposure
An assessment
of the degree
of certainty
associated with a
potential
impact
Score
Very High
Daily
or Exposure in perpetuity
continuous
High
Weekly
Continuous exposure into closure or post-closure phases
Moderate
Monthly
Continuous exposure during construction and operations phases
Low
Bi-annually
Continuous exposure throughout one phase
Very low
Annually or less
Prolonged exposure yet finishes before end of a phase
frequently
Unknown
Frequently of
Continuity of exposure unknown
activity unknown
Highly likely
Very likely or certain to occur
Likely
Likely to occur
Possible
May possibly occur
Unlikely
Unlikely to occur
Highly Unlikely Very unlikely to occur, or almost impossible
Unknown
Probability of the occurrence unknown
Table5.3: Consequence assessment according to score/scale
Consequence
Magnitude + Scale + Duration
Likelihood
Exposure + Probability
3-4
Very Low
2-3
Very Low
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5-7
Low
4-5
Low
8-11
Moderate
6-7
Moderate
12-14
High
8-9
High
15
Very High
10
Very High
5
4
3
2
1
5
5
4
3
2
1
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
In order to determine the overall significance of the impacts, a matrix of the scores of the
“Consequence” and “Likelihood” was used as shown in Figure 5.1 below. The Colour codes in
Figure 6.1 are used to show the significance of the impact in the following manner:
 White colour for “Very Low Significance”
 Green colour for “Low Significance”
 Orange colour for “Moderate Significance”
 Red colour for “High Significance”
 Black colour for “Very High Significance”.
The implications of these descriptions are provided in Table 5.4. Based on these implications, the
mitigation measures and hence the EMP were drafted as presented in Chapters 7 and 8
respectively.
Figure 5.1: Colour codes for Impact Significance
Table 5.4: Colour Code Implications
Colour
Code
VL
L
Significance of the
Residual Impact
Positive Impacts
Very low
Negligible effects
significance
Low significance
Some Benefits
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Implications for Project
Negative Impacts
Negligible effects
Acceptable effect
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
M
Moderate
Significance
H
High Significance
VH
Very high
significance
Appreciable improvements
to, or will sustain, existing
resources
Very substantial
improvement to existing
resources
Extremely beneficial and
enduring effect
Effect is serious enough to cause concern.
Changes to project design should be
considered.
Unacceptable effect. The project should not
proceed unless the design is changed so that
the significance of this impact is reduced to
acceptable levels
An automatic fatal flaw. The project should
not proceed unless the design is changed so
that this impact is eliminated or its
significance is reduced to acceptable levels.
5.3
Environmental Impacts
The proposed dam rehabilitation is expected to cause some environmental impacts during all
phases of project implementation. Possible environmental impacts associated with the proposed
project are described in the sections below.
5.3.1 Mobilization Phase Impacts
5.3.1.1 Deterioration of ambient air quality by dust and fumes
Pollution of ambient air by dusts and emissions (in the form of CO2, NOx, SOx) will arise from
transportation of construction materials, equipments, machinery and working tools. Even with
well-maintained equipment, gases will be emitted from engine of vehicles transporting
equipment, materials and personnel to the dam site. Production of dust and emissions by
transport trucks within the project site and near settlements along the existing public roads is
likely to affect local climatic conditions. The impact is negative, short-term and of low
significance.
5.3.1.2 Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna
The existing vegetation cover (trees – acacia spp – and grasses) especially within the dam will be
cleared during the site preparation/clearance phase to pave way for catchment of water from
Sola stream. Vegetation s will also be cleared to enable for establishment of setting the cattle
troughs and site offices and store buildings and yards. Vegetation loss will result to the disturbance and
direct loss of biodiversity over the project area in the form of flora, fauna and their habitats. Cut materials
especially trees will be offered to local people to collect for construction timber and/or fuel wood. The
impact is, negative, short-term but of low significance
5.3.1.3 Contamination of water and soil from waste oils
During mobilization phase, impacts on land/soil qualities and water may be associated with the
handling, storage and disposal of material containing waste oils. The waste oils include leaking
fuels, lubricants and other fluids from poorly maintained vehicles, heavy equipment and
machinery on dam site. If discharged they may cause potential localised and temporary acute
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
toxic effects, and may contaminate water and soil and affect contained organisms. The impact is
negative, short-term, low significance.
5.3.1.4 Disturbance to local fauna due to noise and vibration
Noise and vibrations are expected to be generated from vehicles transporting equipments,
machinery and construction materials. This will cause disturbance to surface and subsurface
organisms. However, because mobilization activities would be of short-term and move relatively
rapidly along the road, noise impacts to fauna would likely also be short term. The impact is
gauged to be negative, short- term, and of very low significance
5.3.1.5 Depletion of resources and land degradation at materials point source
Input materials for rehabilitation of Sola Dam will include cement, sand, aggregates and gravels
as well as water. Water will be sourced from Sola stream. Yet, the project developer intends to
procure construction materials (i.e. gravel, sand and cement) from licensed suppliers who extract
materials from permitted sources. The impact is negative, short term and of very low significance
5.3.2 Construction Phase Impacts
5.3.2.1 Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna
Rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam will involves earth works (land cut) which will result to the
disturbance and direct loss of some wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna. More
disturbances of organisms will be in the form of noise and vibrations produced due to increased
traffic volume as well as movement of construction machinery and equipment across the project
area. The impact is negative, short-term, high significance.
5.3.2.2 Erosion of soil and reservoir sedimentation
The nature of the project demands use of heavy machinery during construction mainly for earth
movement and levelling. It is expected that loss of vegetation due to land clearance and cut due
to excavation works will occur. This may lead to instability of the soil in the area and as a result
cause soil erosion mainly of top soil. Consequently this may lead to siltation and sedimentation
of especially Sola stream and the downstream Zanzui dam and Simiyu River if not controlled. The
impact is negative, short-term, low significance.
5.3.2.3 Soil and water pollution due to leaking waste oils
The nature of the project requires use of trucks and earth moving machinery. The use of trucks
and machinery which are not well maintained or serviced may lead to leakages thus polluting soil
and consequently water resources. In addition, leaking fuel, oil or other fluids from poorly
maintained vehicles, machinery and heavy equipment on the construction site are also a
potential source of environmental pollution especially water and soil pollution. This impact is
negative, short-term and of low significance.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
5.3.2.4 Environmental pollution from poor waste management
During the construction stage solid waste in the form of overburden, rubbish and garbage is
expected resulting from land clearance and levelling, excavation and food preparation activities.
If not properly disposed this may pollute soil and water resources. Potential impacts on the
environment may also be associated with the handling, storage and disposal of construction
material containing pollutants. In addition, human activity involving workers will also result into
waste being generated. Environmental pollution may also results from domestic and sanitary
wastes from workers at construction site. Water can be affected by receiving untreated human
waste. Absence of proper sanitation facilities for construction workers may result in human waste
finding itself in stream water thus polluting it and posing a health risk to people who depend on
river water for domestic use. This impact is negative, short-term and of low significance.
5.3.2.5 Reduced air quality from continuous air emissions
Deterioration of ambient air quality will be due to production of fumes as exhaust. The exhaust
fumes from stationary as well as earth moving machinery, equipment and vehicles will emit SO x,
NOX, CO, and CO2. Production of dust and emissions is likely to affect local climatic conditions.
The impact is negative, short-term, low significance
5.3.3 Demobilization Phase Impacts
5.3.3.1 Air, water and soil pollution
During the demobilization movement of equipments shall contribute to air pollution as the result
of operation of the vehicles and equipments. This may also be accompanied by the soil and water
pollution that might result from spillage of oil and fuel. The impact is negative, short-term and of
very low significance.
5.3.3.2 Noise pollution
Noise is likely to emanate from demobilized equipment and machines. However, the problem of
the noise pollution caused by the demobilization will have little impact since this will be done
once. The impact is negative, short – term and of very low significance.
5.3.4 Operation Phase Impacts
5.3.4.1 Change in water quantity in downstream reaches of the stream
The proposed Sola dam will have to catch water from Sola stream which is also feeding Zanzui
dam and Simiyu River. In this regard the operation of Sola dam will reduce the quantity of water
reaching Zanzui dam and other downstream facilities and usage. Besides, Sola stream will not be
completely seized but will allow at least minimum environmental flows for both the ecosystem
and any other activity that may be undertaken downstream at any given time. Similarly, excess
flow during summer season is targeted for filling the dam. It is also worth nothing that filling of a
dam is normally gradual and may take a number of rain seasons. The impact is negative, longterm and of low significance.
5.3.4.2 Enhancing watershed management
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
The proposed project intends to rehabilitate the existing embankment of Sola earth dam so as to
revive its intended functions of sustainable supplying water for domestic and livestock uses. Also
the operational of rehabilitated Sola dam is expected to reduce non-point source pollution
(sediment loads, nutrients and agrochemicals), restrict runoff downstream of the dam hence
reduce the occurrence of soil erosion and siltation in Zanzui Dam, enhance flows to River Simiyu
and ultimately Lake Victoria. In doing so the project will enhance management of watershed. The
impact is positive, long-term and of high significance.
5.3.4.3 Change in stream flow regime and water quality
Rehabilitation and operation of Sola dam may affect variations in discharges and water levels.
The discharge regime becomes more regular compared to the conditions without dam and both
low and high discharges occur less frequently. Hydrological changes in the river system may lead
to greater area of influenced both upstream and downstream. The stream morphological
features may also change with time. The dam operational may cause alterations in the flow of
water that can affect downstream users. This impact is negative, long-term and of low
significance.
5.3.4.4 Environmental pollution from poor waste management
The major wastes expected during the operation phase are sanitary wastes (solid and liquid)
emanating from dam operating crew. Leaking fuel, oil or other lubricants from poorly maintained
vehicles are also potential sources of environmental pollution but are considered insignificant
due to low vehicle movements during the operation phase. This impact is negative, long-term
and of very low significance.
5.3.4.5 Induced Landscape Change and Aquatic Biotopes
The physical presence of the proposed Sola dam will transform the area from being a terrestrial
land to aquatic zone. This will completely change the scenery view of the area. This change will
also welcome aquatic life in the form wetland plants and aquatic fauna. The possible aquatic
fauna are expected to be various species of fishes, frogs, crabs and other invertebrates. The
change will increase biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in the locality. This impact is
negative, long-term and of very high significance.
5.4
Potential Socio-economic Impacts
5.4.1 Mobilization and Construction Phases
5.4.1.1 Creation of Employment
Rehabilitation of Sola Dam will create opportunities for jobs mainly for the local communities. At
preparatory and construction stages, local people will be engaged and consequently livelihood
for family members will be guaranteed. Direct employment will be in the form of skilled labourers
as well as unskilled labourers. Indirect employment will include selling of food staff and other
supplies to construction workers. The Impact is positive, long-term and of high significance.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
5.4.1.2 Skills transfer to locals
When the local people are employed during dam rehabilitation, they will acquire skills in
construction which they can use in future. By employing as many local as possible there will be
skills transfer thus building capacity in the area. When the local people are employed for
operation of heavy machinery and equipment, they will acquire skills in operation and
maintenance of the equipment and machinery which they can use later in future. The impact is
positive, long-term and of high significance.
5.4.1.3 Resource use conflicts
The rehabilitation of the dam will have an influence on the population size of the area. During
the construction, skilled personnel will add on to local population. Conflicts are expected to be
increased by presence of immigrant workers from other places in Maswa district to seek jobs
thus putting pressure on the available social services and natural resources. The negative impact
due to resource use conflicts is gauged to be low significance
5.4.1.4 Interruption of area traffics and movements
Project activities especially construction works will increase the traffic movements especially
over the existing road heading to the project site. Moreover, along materials stock routes, road
kills may occur. Other accident black spot areas are where school pupils cross the project road.
The impact is negative, short-term and of low significance.
5.4.1.5 Nuisance due to air emissions, noise and vibrations
Air pollution may result from construction activities as well as production of fumes exhausted
from earth moving machinery, equipment and trucks. Air pollutants will be in the forms of SO 2
NOX, CO, CO2 and dusts. Air emissions will impair vision and create nuisances. Excessive dust level
can negatively affect human health; apart from nuisance, dust can cause several bronchial
problems, including Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI). Noise pollution may result from
transportation and storage of construction materials, vehicle movements and other associated
construction activities. Noise and vibrations create nuisances. An assessment of potential
impacts from air emissions, noise and vibrations found that significant impacts are unlikely at
locations more than 500 m from effective construction site. From the current settings, few
community based households lie within this zone. The impact is negative, short-term, and of low
significance.
5.4.1.6 Health hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management
During the construction phase workforce and daily construction activities are expected to
generate various types of wastes in different quantities. Potential impacts may be associated
with the handling, storage and disposal of material containing pollutants during the construction
and operation phases of the project. Poor waste management will create nuisance thereby
impairing the aesthetic and hygienic status and may lead to eruption of diseases including
cholera, malaria, stomach ache, etc. Poor waste management might accelerate contamination of
water resources. The impact is negative, short-term, moderate significance.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
5.4.1.7 Occupational health and safety hazards
Safe working environment is normally assured when code of practices in the working place are
institutionalized. Failure during the planning to provide for and integrate health and safety (e.g.
proper personal protective gear) and ensure there is a distribution of responsibility and
accountability for health and safety to all employees at all levels may lead to injuries to people,
loss of lives and/or of property. All core activities pertaining to the project are associated with
activities that may cause risk of serious injuries, fatalities to workers these include
motored/sharp edged equipments, etc. Occupational health hazards may also be promoted by
lack of procedures that mitigate negligence at work, fatigue due to understaffing and long
working hours, employing wrong people on particular jobs (e.g. employing unskilled persons),
lack of protective gear, low morale, etc. The impact is negative, medium term and of low
significance.
5.4.1.8 Increased incidences of diseases including STDs and HIV/AIDs
The dam rehabilitation activities will result in increased economic activity in the area
consequently more people will be attracted to the area therefore the social interaction may be
of high significance and may not be avoided among the workers and the local communities. This
will expose the community to the foreign people who may lead to the spread of HIV/AIDS and
other STDs, and unwanted pregnancies. Considering the nature with which HIV/AIDS is
contracted and spread, this makes it a significant contribution to the pandemic. The youth
especially girls are the most vulnerable groups due to their social economic background. The
impact is negative, long-term an of low significance
5.4.2 Demobilization Phase
5.4.2.1 Loss of Employment
The local population that will be employed during mobilization and construction phase of the
proposed project will lose jobs immediate after the closure of the project. The loss of jobs will
have far reaching impacts. The impact is negative, long-term, and of high significance.
5.4.3 Operation Phase
5.4.3.1 Creation of employment and enhanced livelihood
Operation of Sola dam will provide employment opportunities to local people. Direct
employment will be to few people who will be engaged on the operation of the dam and its
security. Indirect employment will be associated with potential economic opportunities which
are possible to occur. It is expected that the dam once operational will result into fishing
activities, hence, provide for a long term positive addition source of livelihood. Employment and
new trading activities will equally support livelihood for the locals due to increase in income. The
impact is positive, long-term, high significance.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
5.4.3.2 Health hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management
The major wastes during the operation phase are expected to be solid, liquid and hazardous
wastes. Solid wastes shall include garbage and rubbish from food handling. Liquid wastes shall
comprise of sewage from onsite sanitary facilities. Potential impacts may be associated with the
handling, storage and disposal of material containing pollutants during the operation phases of
the project. However, due to small number of people expected to run the rehabilitated dam, the
impact is expected to have very low significant. This impact is negative, long-term, very low
significance
5.4.3.3 Nuisance to on site / offsite receptors due to air emissions, noise and vibrations
Deterioration of ambient air quality will be due to production of fumes as exhaust. The exhaust
fumes are expected from machinery, equipments and vehicles which will emit SOx, NOX, CO, and
CO2. Air emissions will impair vision and create nuisances. Noise and vibrations create nuisances.
An assessment of potential impacts from air emissions, noise and vibrations however found that
significant impacts are unlikely at locations more than 500 m from effective sources. From the
current settings, few community based households lie within this zone. The impact is negative,
short-term, low significance
5.4.3.4 Occupational Health and Safety Hazards (Injuries to workers / fatalities
Injuries to workers may be promoted by ineffective management of various activities of the
project including negligence at work, fatigue due to understaffing and long working hours, lack
or non-use of protective gears, low morale, etc. This impact is negative, long-term, and of low
significance.
5.4.3.5 Threat to public health due to induced water borne diseases
The possible water pollution in Sola dam might originate from upstream contamination of Sola
stream, absence of proper and adequate sanitation facilities for operational workers and
improper human based activities within and in the vicinity of Sola dam i.e. bathing, open
defecation, urination and agricultural activities. These activities may result in waste finding way
into the Sola dam and pose health risks to people who depend on stream water for domestic use
within and downstream the project area. Risk of introduction of new diseases as schistosomiasis
and the spread of mosquitoes and vectors of malaria are also prone to dam and immediate
environments. This impact is negative, long-term, and of moderate significance.
5.4.3.6 Skills transfer to local
Operation of the dam will result into skills being transferred to the local people which they can
use later in future. Thus human capacity will be built in the area. This impact is positive, longterm, and of medium significance.
5.4.3.7 Boost to other socio-economic activities
Reliable water supply throughout the year will effectively enable Maswa communities to
dedicate most of their time into other socio-economic activities such as agriculture and livestock
keeping rather that fetching for water. Availability of reliable water supply will also reduce
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
community workload in search of water especially to women and children. This will facilitate the
socio-economic development of the area. This impact is positive, long-term, and of high
significance.
Chapter Six
Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures
The proposed mitigation and enhancement measures to be carried out during all development
phases of the proposed project are elaborated in this chapter. These mitigation and
enhancement measures haves been proposed to manage identified potential impacts under
Chapter Five of this report
6.1
Environmental Mitigation Measures
6.1.1 Deterioration of ambient air quality by dust and fumes
Dust and fumes will emanate from transportation and handling of materials. Also dam
rehabilitation activities will take place in dry season which is well known for dust circulation thus
posing a danger to human health. LVEMP II will implement the following measures to address
the impacts:
 Haul vehicles will be kept leak tight;
 Undertake watering of the area and surroundings regularly during mobilization and
construction phases;
 Workers will be supplied with dust masks to prevent them from inhaling polluted air;
 The exhaust fumes from machinery, vehicles and equipment will be minimized by
ensuring proper and adequate maintenance and switching off when not in use.
 Ensure that emission levels of machinery and equipments are within permissible limits.
6.1.2 Contamination of water and soil from waste oils
Not well maintained or serviced machinery usage may lead to leakages thus polluting water
resources and soil. To minimise this, LVEMP II shall carry out the following mitigation measures:
 Ensure all machinery and equipment is regularly maintained;
 Limit servicing and repair of machinery and equipment to designated areas;
 Dispose any used oil at a designated place in accordance with the law and materials data
sheets
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
6.1.3 Disturbance to local fauna due to noise and vibration
LVEMP II will implement the following mitigation measures:
 Low-noise machinery and equipment will be selected for project activities wherever
possible and feasible;
 Machinery and equipment will be well maintained and properly fitted with exhaust
mufflers to minimize noise;
 Locating stationary machinery near sensitive areas will be avoided;
 Ensure that there is no night work
 Switch off when not in use
6.1.4 Depletion of resources and land degradation at materials point source
The project developer will make use of licensed firms to procure construction materials in order
to avoid environmental destruction at materials sources.
6.1.5 Loss of wildlife habitats, indigenous flora and fauna
No direct interference with any existing wildlife reserves or national park is expected. However,
limited loss of wildlife habitat and flora is expected. The developer will implement the following
mitigation measures:
 Avoid unnecessary removal of the vegetation, especially trees and grasses;
 Adopt strict good practices in conservation;
 When inevitable, undertake reforestation of affected areas by planting species carefully
selected to avoid introducing invasive alien species. Both exotic and indigenous plants will
be considered for planting in consultation with experts from forestry department.
6.1.6 Erosion of soil and reservoir sedimentation:
Disturbed top soil in the area due to use of heavy machinery may lead soil erosion consequently
silting the stream and if not checked the impact can be significant. To minimize soil erosion the
following mitigation measures will be implemented:
 Confine project disturbance within the active project area;
 Apply best practice environmental controls to avoid erosion;
 Unnecessary removal of the vegetation cover will be avoided to reduce soil erosion;
 Carry out reforestation of the disturbed area with native species after construction
activities;
 Limit movement of heavy machinery only to designated access route and operational
areas;
 Ensure catchment protection and watershed management
6.1.7 Environmental pollution from poor waste management
LVEMP II shall follow the normal and standard operational procedures to address the impacts of
wastes. The procedure shall involve segregation of waste streams generated, recycling and reuse
of waste products where possible and carry out appropriate disposal of waste products. The
bullets below highlight some management measures for management of domestic and solid
wastes:
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
 Waste is collected at selected points for proper disposal;
 Avoid unnecessary excavation of land
 Stockpile and store most of overburden produced for site rehabilitation and dam
embankment
 Provide appropriate and complete sanitation facilities for dam construction and
operation workers: an improved pit latrine would fit in the area;
 Conduct awareness campaigns among the workers and community;
 Domestic solid wastes i.e. glass, paper, cans will be segregated using clearly marked bins
and disposed off appropriately;
 Combustible solid wastes may be incinerated and the ashes collected and disposed in
accordance with legal requirements.
6.1.8 Change in water quantity in downstream reaches of the stream:
Sola stream catchment will not be completely impounded/ seized but will allow environmental
flow for both the ecosystem and any other activity that may be taken downstream (including
Zanzui dam and Simiyu River) at any given time. Since excess flow during summer season is
targeted to filling of the dam this impact is of low significance in the long term. However, the
following measures are proposed:
 Ensure that the embankment is constructed to standard design and dam has adequate
design provisions to allow flow downstream even in times of dry months;
 Ensure that excess flow during summer season is harnessed;
 Apply standard dam operational rules;
 Observe Water Right Permit regulations and requirements for the sake of downstream
water users and environment.
6.1.9 Change in stream flow regime and water quality
Rehabilitation and operational of Sola dam may affect stream flow regime and water quality.
Measures to minimise this impact will include:
 Ensure that the design and construction activities are is carried out in consideration of the
best engineering practices
 Stick to good practices of dam operation rules;
 Ensure minimum flows downstream at all time;
 Ensure prior clearance of all deadwood/ vegetation prior to dam filling;
6.1.10 Enhancing watershed management
This impact is expected to be of high significance and measures to enhance watershed
management will include:
 Stick to good practices of dam operation rules;
 Ensure that agriculture activities in the vicinity of the dam are carried out in a professional
manner e.g. regulate use of agro-chemicals;
 Promote sustainable fishing methods which do not use hazardous chemicals;
 Monitor quality of spillway releases.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
6.2
Social Mitigation Measures
6.2.1 Resource Use Conflicts
During implementation of project activities, more people will add on to the population of the
local community as well as an influx of laborers looking for employment. LVEMP II will implement
the following mitigation measures
 The construction site will be furnished with all the necessary social services to minimize
interactions of the workers with the local people;
 Strengthen existing basic facilities;
 Establish a system to manage local expectations.
6.2.2 Interruption of area traffics and movements
The developer will put in place the following mitigation measures:
 Establish speed restraining humps, signs and symbols will be established at all potential
black spots on the access roads;
 Awareness and education will be provided to drivers and communities;
 Establishment of appropriate and understandable signage at strategic sites.
6.2.3 Nuisance due to air emissions, noise and vibrations
This impact will be mitigated as described in sections 6.1.1 and 6.1.3 above.
6.2.4 Occupational health and safety hazards
LVEMP II will implement the following mitigation measures to manage occupation, health and
safety hazards:
 Provision and use of appropriate working machinery, equipment and tools;
 Provision and use of proper Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs), reasonable working
hours, conditions and facilities;
 Establish a code of practices at the work place including comply with relevant Tanzania
(OSHA, 2003) Performance Standards on health and safety requirements;
 Observe for water and sanitation provisions:
6.2.5 Health hazards and nuisance due to poor waste management
LVEMP II will implement mitigation measure describes in section 6.1.7 above.
6.2.6 Increased incidences of diseases including STDs and HIV/AIDs
The proposed project will expose the community to the foreign people who may lead to spread
of HIV/AIDS other STIs and unwanted pregnancies. Mitigation measure to minimize this will
include:
 Sensitize staff and community on the dangers of HIV/AIDS, STIs;
 Support programmes by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare regarding HIV/AIDS and
family planning;
 Help strengthen healthcare system;
 Partner with NGOs in campaign to stop the spread of HIV/AIDS.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
6.2.7 Creation of employment and enhanced livelihood
Implementation of proposed project creates opportunities for jobs mainly for local communities
during construction and operation stages. It is also expected that the operational of dam will
result in more fish production and other trading activities in the area. To enhance this, LVEMP II
will to the following:
 Local people will be given priority for employment;
 The contractors shall observe national and international labour standards;
 Ensure that the fishing is carried out in a professional and sustainable manner;
 Promote formation of small fisher’s groups;
 Maximize procurement of supplies from locals e.g. food, construction materials, etc.;
 Establish a system to manage local expectations.
6.2.8 Skills transfer to local
Skills transfer through employment of local people will enhance human capacity building in the
area. To enhance this, the developer and contactor will do the following measures:
 Adopt deliberate policy of giving employment priority to locals;
 Develop on job training programmes;
 Ensure skilled manpower is employed.
6.2.9 Threat to public health due to induced water borne diseases
Implementation of propose project activities may pollute water quality and thence threaten
public health if no special attention and mitigation measures are put in place. In order to avoid
this to happen, the developer will carry out the following measures:
 Monitor for the presence of snails of Bulinus species;
 Employ disease vectors disruption techniques such as regulated dam operation to curb
vectors for malaria and water borne diseases;
 Encourage natural aquatic life that takes care of mosquito larva as part of the food chain;
 Provide appropriate sanitation facilities for construction workers;
 All waste oils or chemicals used or stored will not be routinely discharged but will be
managed in accordance with strict procedures to avoid polluting water sources;
 Ensure proper operation of the spillway. Spillway ensures continuous flows, hence the likelihood
of creation of habitats for bilharzias is remote;
 Conduct awareness campaigns among the staff and the community.
6.2.10 Boost to other socio-economic activities
Reliable water supply throughout the year will effectively contribute to overall community socioeconomic growth. Dam operation is expected to enhance agriculture and livestock keeping
activities. To enhance this, the developer will:
 Ensure effective operational and management of rehabilitated dam.
6.2.11 Loss of Employment
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
The major impact that will result during demobilization phase of the proposed project is loss of
jobs. In order to minimise the impacts that may result from this eventuality include:
 Preparing the workers to be employed anywhere else through regular and periodic on job
training;
 Establish some small group business and SACCOS to assist people access loans to enable
them run small businesses.
Chapter Seven
Environmental and Social Management Plan
7.1
General Overview
Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been elaborated under this chapter.
ESMP sets the “environmental and social conditions” that will be abided by LVEMP II in the course
of implementing the proposed project. It aims at ensuring effective implementation of the
proposed mitigation measures. The objective of the ESMP is to set out clearly the key
components of environmental and socio-economic management for the project and thereby
ensure that the basic concepts are realized throughout all phases of project implementation. The
basic concepts for consideration are:
 Negative impacts on physical, biological and socio-economic setting are mitigated;
 Benefits that will arise from the development of the Project are enhanced;
 Compliance with Tanzanian legislation and consistency with international guidelines and
best practice is achieved;
 Development programs are identified and implemented with the active involvement of
the community and sustainable outcomes are achieved;
 Good will and good relations with communities, civil society and governments at local and
national levels are maintained; and
 The Project will endeavour to ensure that resources are available to implement the ESMP
throughout all phases of project development and closure.
7.2
Environmental Management Plan Administration
The project will be implemented by MDC under overall oversight of the District Executive Director
(DED). The DED will establish a Co-management Intervention Committee (CMIC) comprising of
stakeholders at all levels and it will have day to day responsibility of managing implementation
of the project. Composition of the CMCI will be as follows:
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region





District Planning Officer (DPLO)
– Chairperson
District LVEMP II Focal Officer (DLFO) - Secretary
Two Village Chairpersons (representing community)
One Ward Executive Officer (WEO) and one Extension staff (representing ward level)
District Environmental Management Officer (DEMO), District Forest Officer (DFO) and
District Community Development Officer (DCDO) representing the District Council
 One member from the Civil Society
 Two members from other implementing institutions (Lake Victoria Basin Water Office and
Maswa Urban Water Supply Authority)
7.3 The Management Plan
The following table (Table 7.1) provides a summary matrix of potentially significant
environmental impacts, management measures, target levels, responsible entities and estimated
costs.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Table 7.1: ESMP for the Rehabilitation of Sola Dam
Potential Impacts
Management Measures
Environmental Impacts
Deterioration of ambient air  Haul vehicles will be kept leak tight;
quality by dust and fumes
 Undertake watering of the area and surroundings regularly
during mobilization and construction phases;
 Workers will be supplied with dust masks to prevent them
from inhaling polluted air;
 The exhaust fumes from machinery, vehicles and equipment
will be minimized by ensuring proper and adequate
maintenance and switching off when not in use;
 Ensure that emission levels of machinery and equipments are
within permissible limits.
Contamination of water and
soil from waste oils (fuels
and lubricants)
Disturbance to local fauna
due to noise and vibration
Target
Standards
Responsibility Estimated
Costs (Tshs)
As minimum
emissions as
possible
LVEMP II
Contractors
4,000,000
LVEMP II
LVBWO
Contractors
NEMC
Part of project
investment
costs
LVEMP II
Contractors
Part of project
investment
costs
TBS
WHO
 Ensure all machinery and equipment is regularly maintained;
 Limit servicing and repair of machinery and equipment to
designated areas;
 Dispose any used oil at a designated place in accordance with
the law.
No water, soil
contaminations
from waste oils
 Low-noise machinery and equipment will be selected for
project activities wherever possible and feasible;
 Machinery and equipment will be well maintained and
properly fitted with exhaust mufflers to minimize noise;
 Locating stationary machinery near sensitive areas will be
avoided;
 Ensure that there is no night work.
As minimum
noise (<60dBA)
and vibrations
as possible
Page 54
TBS
WHO
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Depletion of resources and
land degradation at
materials point source
Loss of wildlife habitats,
indigenous flora and fauna
Management Measures
The project developer will make use of licensed firms to procure
construction materials in order to avoid environmental
destruction at materials sources.
 Avoid unnecessary removal of the vegetation, especially
trees and grasses.
 When inevitable, undertake reforestation of affected areas
by planting species carefully selected to avoid introducing
invasive alien species. Both exotic and indigenous plants will
be considered for planting in consultation with experts from
forestry department.
Erosion of soil and reservoir  Confine project disturbance within the active project area;
sedimentation
 Apply best practice environmental controls to avoid erosion;
 Unnecessary removal of the vegetation cover will be avoided
to reduce soil erosion;
 Carry out reforestation of the disturbed area with native
species after construction activities;
 Limit movement of heavy machinery only to designated
access route and operational areas;
 Ensure catchment protection and watershed management.
Environmental pollution from  Waste is collected at selected points for proper disposal;
poor waste management
 Some of the rubble will be used for compaction in the
construction of the dam embankment;
 Provide appropriate sanitation facilities for construction
workers;
 Domestic solid wastes i.e. glass, paper, cans will be
segregated using clearly marked bins and disposed off
appropriately;
Page 55
Target
Standards
Minimum land
degradation as
possible
No or minimum
impacts
possible
As minimum as
possible
Responsibility Estimated
Costs (Tshs)
LVEMP II
Part of project
Contractors
running costs
LVEMP II
Contractor
LGAs
3,000,000
LVEMP II
Contractors
LGAs
Covered above
LVEMP II
Contractors
LGAs
Part of project
investment and
running costs
All affected
areas are
rehabilitated
As minimum
wastes as
possible
TBS
WHO
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Management Measures

Change in water quantity in
downstream reaches of the
stream



Change in stream flow regime
and water quality
Enhancing watershed
management
Socio-Economic Impacts
Resource Use Conflicts
Interruption of area traffics
and movements
Target
Standards
Ensure that the dam is constructed to standard design and Ensure required
has adequate design provisions to allow flow downstream environmental
even in times of dry months;
flow to the
Ensure that excess flow during summer season is harnessed; downstream
Apply standard dam operational rules;
Observe Water Right Permit regulations and requirements
for the sake of downstream water right holders.
 Ensure that the design and construction activities are is
carried out in professional manner;
 Stick to good practices of dam operation rules;
 Ensure minimum flows downstream at all time;
 Ensure prior clearance of all deadwood/ vegetation prior to
dam filling.
LVEMP II
Contractor
Part of project
investment and
running costs
 Stick to good practices of dam operation rules;
Dam operation
 Ensure that agriculture activities are carried out in a rules
professional manner e.g. regulate use of agro-chemicals;
 Promote sustainable fishing methods which do not use TBS
hazardous chemicals;
 Monitor quality of spillway releases.
LVEMP II
LVBWO
NEMC
LGAs
WUAs
10,000,000
 The construction site will be furnished with all the necessary
social services to minimize interactions of the workers with
the local people;
 Establish a system to manage local expectations.
Absence of
conflicts over
resources use
LVEMP II
Contractor
LGAs
Part of project
investment and
running costs
 Establish speed restraining humps, signs and symbols will be
established at all potential black spots on the access roads;
Zero roads
injuries and kills
LVEMP II
Contractor
4,000,000
Page 56
Stream regime
is maintained
as maximum as
possible
Responsibility Estimated
Costs (Tshs)
LVEMP II
Part of project
LVBWO
investment and
NEMC
running costs
LGAs
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Nuisance due to air
emissions, noise and
vibrations
Management Measures
 Awareness and education will be provided to drivers and
communities;
 Establishment of appropriate and understandable signage
at strategic sites.
 Undertake watering of the area and surroundings regularly
during mobilization and construction phases;
 Workers will be supplied with dust masks to prevent them
from inhaling polluted air;
 Ensure that emission levels of machinery and equipments are
within permissible limits;
 Low-noise machinery and equipment will be selected for
project activities wherever possible and feasible;
 Machinery and equipment will be well maintained and
properly fitted with exhaust mufflers to minimize noise;
 Ensure that there is no night work.
Page 57
Target
Standards
Responsibility Estimated
Costs (Tshs)
LGAs
As minimum
emissions as
possible
LVEMP II
Contractor
LGAs
TBS
WHO
Covered above
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Injuries to workers and
hazards associated with
Occupational Health and
Safety
Management Measures





Health hazards and nuisance
due to poor waste
management
Increased incidences of
diseases including STDs and
HIV/AIDs
Creation of employment and
enhanced livelihood
Target
Standards
Provide appropriate and ensure proper use of working No exposure
machinery, equipment and tools;
Provide appropriate and ensure proper use of proper PPEs; Low risks to
Provide for reasonable working hours, conditions and workers
facilities;
Establish a code of practices at the work place;
Observe for water and sanitation provisions.
 Waste is collected at selected points for proper disposal;
 Some of the rubble will be used for compaction in the
construction of the dam embankment;
 Provide appropriate sanitation facilities for construction
workers;
 Conduct awareness campaigns among the staff and
community;
 Domestic solid wastes i.e. glass, paper, cans will be
segregated using clearly marked bins and disposed off
appropriately;
As minimum
impacts due to
waste as
possible
 Sensitize staff and community on the dangers of HIV/AIDS,
STIs;
 Support programmes by Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
regarding HIV/AIDS and family planning;
 Help strengthen healthcare system;
 Partner with NGOs in campaign to stop the spread of
HIV/AIDS.
Absence of new
HIV/AIDS
transmission
LVEMP II
Contractors
LGAs
Covered above
LVEMP II
LGAs
8,000,000
LVEMP II
LGAs
Part of project
running costs
TBS
WHO
No unwanted
pregnancy
 Local people will be given priority for employment;
All unskilled
 The contractors shall observe national and international labourers are
labour standards;
local
Page 58
Responsibility Estimated
Costs (Tshs)
LVEMP II
5,000,000
Contractors
OSHA
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Management Measures
Target
Standards
Responsibility Estimated
Costs (Tshs)
 Ensure that the fishing is carried out in a professional and
sustainable manner;
 Promote formation of small fisher’s groups;
 Maximize procurement of supplies from locals e.g. food,
construction materials, etc.;
 Establish a system to manage local expectations.
Skills transfer to local
 Adopt deliberate policy of giving employment priority to Enhanced local
locals;
human capacity
 Develop on job training programmes;
 Ensure skilled manpower is employed.
Threat to public health due to  Monitor for the presence of snails of Bulinus species;
deterioration of water quality  Employ disease vectors disruption techniques such as
regulated dam operation to curb vectors for malaria and
water borne diseases;
 Encourage natural aquatic life that takes care of mosquito
larva as part of the food chain;
 Provide appropriate sanitation facilities for construction
workers;
 Spillway ensures continuous flows, hence the likelihood of
creation of habitats for bilharzias is remote;
 Conduct awareness campaigns among the staff and the
community.
Boost to other socioeconomic activities
 Ensure effective
rehabilitated dam.
operational
and
Page 59
management
Maximum
possible
protection of
public health
LVEMP II
Contractor
LGAs
Part of project
investment and
running costs
LVEMP II
Contractor
LGAs
10,000,000
LVEMP II
LGAs
Part of project
running costs
WHO
of Maximum
possible socioeconomic
growth
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Loss of Employment
Management Measures
The major impact that will result during demobilization
phase of the proposed project is loss of jobs. In order to
minimise the impacts that may result from this eventuality
include:
 Preparing the workers to be employed anywhere else in
the construction industry through regular and periodic
on job training;
 Establish some small group business and SACCOS to
assist people access loans to enable them run small
businesses.
Target
Standards
New
employment
opportunities
Responsibility Estimated
Costs (Tshs)
LVEMP II
Part of project
investment and
LGAs
running costs
Total cost for the Environmental and Social Management Plan is TZS 44,000,000. Note that the estimated costs for implementing the
mitigation measures are just indicative. The consultant used informed judgement to come up with these figures. Appropriate bills of
quantities should clearly give the actual figures.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Chapter Eight
Environmental Monitoring Plan
8.1
General Overview
Monitoring of the anticipated environmental impacts in the receiving environments is
important. Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMP) is an objective, periodical, reliable, and
continuing process of observation and assessment of environmental changes. It helps in
determining the effects of the project activities on the environments enhancing
understanding of cause effect relationships between human activities and environmental
changes, and verifies the accuracy of prediction about the environmental impacts. It is
intended to ensure implementation of mitigation measures is done in accordance with
regulations and standards. It is therefore based on monitoring indicators, which will have to
be compared with targets to gauge the effectiveness of the mitigations plans. In addition, the
baseline data will be compared with targets and post situation. Monitoring shall involve
sampling and analysis of environmental components like soils, vegetation, water, air and
biota, as well as emissions, effluents or systems, at regular intervals.
8.2
Responsibilities of Environmental Monitor
The objectives of the Environmental Monitoring Program are:
 Ensure proper development and implementation of the environmental management
plan and other mitigation measures
 Asses the performance of environmental controls and mitigation measures
 Ensure that the project proprietor, contractors and service providers corrects any
mitigation measure that are not functioning acceptably
An Environmental Monitor (EM) will be on site once per month during the construction phase
and at least twice during operation phase of the project. The environmental monitor will
make observations and recommends as described in the following sections. If the EM believes
that there is a potential for unacceptable impacts, he/she may require changes in the
operating procedures or additional mitigations measures. He/she will have the authority to
stop work until the required changes have been implemented. The EM’s specific
responsibilities will include the following:
 To meet once per months with the project developer, contractor and service providers
to discuss work requirements, compliance issues and other environmental matters;
 To inspect other aspects of the work area and equipment for general housekeeping,
dust, fume, noise and compliance with spill prevention plan
 To monitor environmental parameters for comparison with available standards
8.3
Environmental Parameters to be monitored
The parameters which will be monitored by the EM will include water quality; ambient air
quality; loss of vegetation covers; etc. Table 8.1 below presents the environmental monitoring
plan for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam Project, Maswa District in Simiyu Region.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Table 8.1: Environmental Monitoring Plan for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam Project
Phase Potential Impacts
Parameters to be
Monitored
Monitoring
Frequency
Monitoring Measurement Target Level /
Area
Unit
Standards
Level of pH, grease
and oils in soils
Mid of the
Sola
Mg/l
mobilization stream and
phase
Project
area
Responsible Estimated
Costs (TZS)
Construction Phase
Mobilization Phase
Environmental Impacts
Contamination of water and
soil from waste oils
Depletion of resources and land
degradation at materials point
source
Loss of wildlife habitats,
indigenous flora and fauna
Legal Compliance of Start of
the contractors
mobilization
phase
Area cleared
Twice
Trees cut down
during
Size of footpaths
construction
phase
Change in stream flow regime and Flow and water
Twice
water quality
quality
during
construction
phase
Environmental pollution from
poor waste management
Facilities for
disposal of solid
wastes and
wastewater
N/A
N/A
Project
area
M2
Downstrea
m of Sola
stream
Twice during Project
construction area
phase
pH, DO,
TSS, BOD5,
Water quality in the
COD, NH3,
Sola stream
NO3 &TSS
Page 62
Visual
pH, DO, TSS,
BOD5, COD,
NH3, NO3
&TSS
Visual
Mg/l
No oil
LVEMP II
contamination
s
3,000,000
As minimum
degradation
as possible
All affected
areas are
replanted
LVEMP II
N/A
LVEMP II
2,000,000
Minimum
change in
stream flow
regime
LVEMP II
LGA
LVBWO
Below TBS
recommended
values
No haphazard LVEMP II
disposal of
WUAs
wastes
Below TBS
recommended
values
4,000,000
Covered
above
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Operation Phase
Change in water quantity in
downstream reaches of the
stream
Deterioration in water quality in
downstream reaches of the
stream
Water quantity
Water quality
Once every
6 months
Once every
6 months
Sola and
other
nearby
streams
Visual
M3/h
Sola stream Visual
pH, DO,
TSS, BOD5,
COD, NH3,
NO3 &TSS
Mg/l
Minimum flow LVEMP II
should be
WUAs
maintained
LVBWO
No haphazard
disposal of
wastes
LVEMP II
WUAs
LVBWO
2,000,000
4,000,000
Below TBS
recommended
values
Mobilization and Construction Phases
Socio-Economic Impacts
Health hazards and nuisance
due to poor waste management
Facilities for
disposal of solid
wastes and
wastewater
Twice during Project
construction area
phase
pH, DO,
TSS, BOD5,
COD, NH3,
NO3 &TSS
Water quality in
Sola stream
Occupational Health and Safety
Hazards
Availability of PPEs;
types of people
employed with
their training
background;
Working conditions
Continuous Project
during
area
mobilization
and
constructio
n
Page 63
Visual
No haphazard LVEMP II
disposal of
wastes
Mg/l
Below TBS
recommended
values
Incidences
No exposure
Low risks to
workers
OSHA
Guidelines
LVEMP II
OSHA
Covered
above
5,000,000
Operation Phase
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Health hazards and nuisance
due to poor waste management
Facilities for
disposal
Continuous
during
operation
phase
Water quality in the
exiting retention
ponds
Occupational Health and Safety
Hazards (Injuries to workers /
fatalities)
Creation of employment and
enhanced livelihood
Project
area
Visual
pH, DO,
Mg/l
TSS, BOD5,
COD, NH3,
NO3 &TSS
Project
Incidences
area
Availability of PPEs;
types of people
employed with
their training
background;
Working conditions
Continuous
during
operation
phase
Number of local
people employed
Procuremen continuous Project
t records
ly during
records
constructio
n and
operations
No haphazard
disposal of
wastes
LVEMP II
MDC
LVBWO
WUAs
Covered
above
LVEMP II
MDC
2,000,000
LVEMP II
MDC
WUAs
Project
running costs
Below TBS
recommended
values
No exposure
Low risks to
workers
OSHA
Guidelines
All unskilled
labourers are
local
Total costs for the Environmental Monitoring Plan is 22,000,000 TZS. Likewise, the estimated costs for implementing the mitigation
measures are just indicative. The consultant used informed judgement to come up with these figures.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Chapter Nine
Decommissioning
9.1
General Overview
It is anticipated that the project planning life span is 50 years based on the dam design life. A
number of reasons exist for decommissioning a dam and these include: obsolescence,
environmental concerns, economics, safety criteria, risk reduction, and operation and
maintenance cost. Note that many dam failures occur either during construction or during a
shortly after reservoir filling. However the unique nature of each dam entails that every
structure is expected to age a different rate in a different way. Some dams may remain safe
for a thousand years, others may start to crack and leak after less than a decade.
The proposed process of decommissioning will involve the study of all alternatives including
repair and upgrade and decommissioning. If decommissioning is the selected alternative, a
comprehensive plan shall be prepared for the restoration and subsequent protection of the
ecosystem. The decommissioning and abandonment activities shall comply with national and
international standards. Activities associated with the decommissioning process will include:
 Undertaking of feasibility study for decommissioning;
 Reviewing of alternatives;
 Build consensus with other stakeholders;
 Undertake impact assessment for decommissioning;
 Commence decommissioning and restoration;
 Undertake continuous operation and maintenance.
9.2
Decommissioning Plan
While planning for dam decommissioning some impacts on the riverine ecosystem are likely
which has been used to a totally regulated system and lake like reservoir conditions for many
years. Sudden release of sediments for instance can impair feeding and spawning grounds of
aquatic species. Riparian roots and stems can get buried below the sediments and damaged
by abrasions. If there are pollution sources in the catchment of the reservoir, contaminated
sediments can pose a health hazard. Hence, dam decommissioning options and strategies
need to be planned based upon long term studies of the character of the river, its geology,
ecology, climate and other related aspects. It would also entail economic analysis of the
process.
In accomplishing the decommissioning plan, MDC will prepare a decommissioning plan to
ensure that environmental and social impacts due to decommissioning of the project are
minimized; abide by environmental and other policies obligation and legal requirements. Also
to ensure that the land used for installing project facilities is rehabilitated and returned to the
state that would be usable by others after the project decommissioning. Since it is a far ahead
issue it will be inadequate and speculative to prepare it now due to unknown environment at
that time and would be money value. However it will involve the following project
components but not limited to:
 Buildings and concrete works;
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
 Employees;
 Sediments;
 Land where the project is sited
9.3
Decommissioning Costs
TPCC will fund and implement all aspects of project decommissioning, including but not
limited to, all engineering, environmental monitoring, permitting, construction and mitigation
activities associated with this plan.
9.4
Decommissioning permits and other requirements
MDC will ensure that all permits required for decommissioning process are sought. The
permits may include permit to transfer equipment, disposal of hazardous materials (if any),
permit from relevant bodies to retrench workers if it is not possible to transfer them to other
locations or training them for other jobs. The decommissioning and abandonment activities
shall comply with international standards (world commission on dams). Equipment and steel
will be re-used or sold to steel rolling mills for recycling. Concrete works that require removal
will be broken into small pieces and used for local road surfacing.
9.5
Decommissioning impacts and mitigation
9.5.1 Loss of employment
There will be a loss of employment during the closure phase. Therefore, adequate advance
notice will be provided to employee. Then employees who will be working in the project will
be laid off using normal procedures agreed by MDC management and workers union.
9.5.2 The impacts of wastes
The closures will results into generation of wastes from obsolete materials and unwanted
materials. Mechanisms of identifying, collecting and disposal will be in place to ensure all
wastes have been collected, removed and right disposed of.
9.5.3 Risks due to abandoned structures
Abandoned structures at the project area may depreciate, become filled with rainwater and
become dangerous to people and animals. They may also create breeding sites for vectors like
mosquitoes and bilharzias, when filled with rainwater. As a mitigation measure, at the closure
of the plant, access to the project area will be restricted to better carry out final rehabilitation
thereby returning the land into its original state. The local community leaders and district
natural resource office will be involved in the final rehabilitation of the dam area. The
landforms to be established during the rehabilitation and closure process will be engineered
so that they are geotechnically stable and resistant to erosion by wind and water. Adequate
provisions will be made within the forward budgeting process to facilitate the rehabilitation
and closure process.
9.5.4 Rehabilitation
Areas disturbed by removal of structures will be re-vegetated with grass and appropriate tree
species.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
9.6
Stakeholders’ Engagement Forum
When the time for decommissioning arrives, MDC will form a team of experts (engineering,
labour and human resources, water, forestry and environment) with a representative from
NEMC who will monitor the implementation of decommissioning plan and ensure that
decommissioning is done according to the plan.
Table 9.1: Decommission Plan
SNo Activity
Responsible
Budget
1
Provide information about the MDC
dam decommissioning to the
workers
To be determined during
decommissioning time
2
Prepare workers’ mind and fear MDC
about losing jobs
To be determined during
decommissioning time
3
Retraining workers for other tasks MDC
or self employment
To be determined during
decommissioning time
4
Laying off workers and paying MDC, NSSF, PPF and To be determined during
terminal benefits if no option workers union
decommissioning time
exists to retrain and redeploy.
5
Demolition of the structures and MDC
land reclamation
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To be determined during
decommissioning time
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Chapter Ten
Conclusion and Recommendation
This Preliminary Environmental Assessment report has identified key environmental and
social issues pertaining to the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam project. The impacts both
negative and positive have been assessed and described in some detail to gain an
understanding of possible environmental effects of the proposed project – from preconstruction phase to decommission phase. This was necessary for developing mitigation and
enhancement measures for the identified impacts. It has also developed an Environmental
and Social Management Plan which provides guidance on responsibilities and provides
indicative financial implication. The Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan provides the
parameters to be monitored and frequency as well as responsibility and indicative financial
implication. It should be noted that the actual costs of management and monitoring plan are
subject to negotiations between the proprietor and consultants to be assigned for the jobs.
The Consultant is of the opinion that there are no irreversible significant environmental and
social impacts that have been identified. However, the negative environmental and social
impacts identified can be reduced, limited and eliminated by the application of appropriate
mitigation measures including good engineering design and envisaged construction and
operational practices have been provided in this PEA report. The proposed environmental and
social management plan and environmental monitoring plan if implemented will safeguard
the integrity of the environment in Binza ward, Maswa district and Tanzania at large. It is,
therefore, concluded that, rehabilitation of Sola Dam will entail no detrimental impacts
provided that the recommended mitigation and enhancement measures are adequately and
timely put in place.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillway. Accessed on 26th March 2014
Ministry of Water of Tanzania, Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project
(LVEMP II), Co - Management Natural Resources Conservation Interventions,
Sub-Project on Rehabilitation of Sola Dam in Maswa District, Simiyu Region
(2012 – 2013).
The Agha Khan Foundation (2007). Development in Rural Areas. Available at
http://www.akdn.org/rural_development/kenya.asp
United Republic of Tanzania (URT) (2004). Environmental Management Act (EMA),
Cap 191. Government Printer, Dar Es Salaam
United Republic of Tanzania (URT) (2005). Environmental Impact Assessment and
Audit Regulations. G.N. No 339. Government Printer, Dar Es Salaam
United Republic of Tanzania (URT), The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 2003 (Act
No. 5/2003)
United Republic of Tanzania, Ministry of Water of Tanzania, Maswa Urban Water
Supply and Sanitation Authority available at
https://www.google.co.tz/#q=Maswa+Urban+Water+Supply+and+Sanitation+A
uthority
United Republic of Tanzania, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2013). 2012
Population and Housing Census: Population Distribution by Administrative Areas
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Appendices
Appendix 1: List of Expert who carried out the PEA study
Name
Qualification
Role
BSc. Chemical and
Process Engineering
TEAM LEADER
Environmental
issues
Signature
EIA Expert
Dr. William
Mwegoha
M.Sc. Environmental
Engineering
PhD - Environmental
Science
Leonard Gastory
Lugali
BSc – Civil and Water
Resources Engineering
MSc – Integrated
Environmental
Management (MIEM)
Civil
engineering,
water resources
and waste
issues
Other Experts
Mathias
Kabyemera
BA Geography and
Environment
Socio-economic issues
Vaileth Biphuye
B.Sc. Environmental
Engineering
Environmental issues
Rhoda
Mutalemwa
B.Sc. Environmental
Environmental issues
Laboratory Science and
Technology
Evody Ndumiwe
B.Sc. Environmental
Engineering
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Environmental issues
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Appendix 2: NEMC Screening and Reviewed Decision
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Appendix 3: Details of stakeholders concerns
Stakeholders
Issues/Concerns
Maswa District Council
Hilda A. Lauwo
(DED)



James J. Hongoli
(Acting DAS)




John Mkoko –
(Town Planner)






Waryoba Musa –
(Land Officer)



She is aware of proposed project;
She said that Maswa district is semi-desert area, if there
will be no environmental and water resources conservation
initiatives life status of community living within the district
will be worse;
She is very positive with proposed project because it will
improve availability of water resources for domestic uses
and livestock in the district.
He is aware of proposed project;
He strongly accept the proposed project;
He is optimistic that the proposed project will benefit
Maswa district community particularly in increasing access
to water resources since there is water scarcity within the
district;
He recommended that environmental laws and procedures
should be adhered in implementation of proposed project.
He is very well aware of proposed project;
He supports proposed project because it will improve
availability of waster resource in Maswa district;
He has concern that there is existing of new constructed
dam called Zanzui Dam in Maswa which lie about 10 km
from Sola Chaco Dam. The new is currently fed by water
coming from Sola Dam after part of its banks crumbled, so
he is suspicious that the rehabilitation of Sola Dam could
possibly affect availability of water at New Chaco Dam;
He advised that human activities should be restricted within
buffer zone of Sola Chaco Dam;
He has concern that currently there is existing of a beautiful
forest in Sola Dam therefore remove the forest during the
rehabilitation of the dam shall be like forests destruction;
He has another concern that in Maswa water for livestock is
of great important, so rehabilitation of Sola Chaco Dam
should provide mechanism for availability of water for both
domestic uses and livestock.
He knows very well the proposed project;
He accepts propose project because it will increase access to
water supply in the district;
He confirmed that there is no land conflict in the propose
project area because the land is owned by Maswa District
Council.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Edward J. Jinayi –
(Water Engineer)





He is aware of proposed project and he has been involved in
process of carrying out Geotechnical study of the project
area;
He is positive with proposed project since it will increase
availability of water resources for Maswa community;
He has concern that human activities within catchment
should be restricted;
He also believe that Sola Chaco Dam can feed the Zanzui
Dam especially during heavy rain season;
He confirmed that the design work for rehabilitation of Sola
Chaco dam has not yet produced.
Lake Victoria Water Basin Office
Eng. Ogoma Mangasa He didn’t know about the proposed project;
( Acting Water Officer)
 After being given a brief introduction of the proposed
project, he become aware and greatly accept the proposed
project;
 He wanted to know whether the Water Officer has been
involved in the proposed project. It was replied that the
Water Officer has been fully involved in the project by
LVEMP II;
 He was in the view that the Environmental Officer from the
basin should be also involved in the project;
 He emphasized on the issue of community involvement in
all phases of the project in order to create ownership and
for the sustainability of the project;
 He urged the Consultant to speedy up the EIA processes so
that the proposed project is awarded ESIA certificate by
NEMC;
 He hopes that the proposed project will improve utilization
of water resources;
 He requested the geographic coordinates of Sola Chaco
Dam for easy reaching when they want to visit it.
Eng. Jane John (Environmental
Engineer)




Eng. Jane knows very well about proposed project since she
has been involved in a number of LVEMP II activities
including process of selecting the ESIA expert for this
propose project;
She is positive to the proposed project because it will
enhance availability of water resource in the project area;
She is confident that the proposed projects will not caused
any negative significant impacts to the environment and
community;
She recommended that Water User Permit shall be
requested for Solar Chaco Dam in Maswa.
MAUWASA
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Lema Jeremiah
(Managing Director)




He was not aware of proposed project since he was newly
in the office at the time of interview;
He has no objection with the proposed project after being
informed about the project by ESIA Consultant Team;
He strongly support proposed project because in will
increase availability of water supply to the existing and new
customers in Maswa urban and nearby villages;
He has concern that all water source catchments should be
restricted from human activities (e.g Agriculture, livestock
keeping) in order to protect water resources.
Meeting with Binza Ward Leaders
Aron J. Mbose
 He has high awareness of proposed project;
(Councilor )
 He strongly accepts proposed project;
 He confirmed that the public meeting has been conducted in
Maswa urban area to inform public about the proposed
project, therefore the project is very well know to the public;
 He acknowledged that proposed project will benefit Maswa
community since there is scarcity of water resource in the
area;
 He was interested to know why project implementation has
delayed for so long. He was informed that the delay is due
to: the World Bank terms and conditions that the proposed
project should undergo ESIA processes before it commence,
and some challenges in internal arrangement within LVEMP
II which have been solved. Also EMA of 2004 requires project
developer to conduct ESIA for the project of such size;
 Community have been informed that they should stop
carrying out agriculture activities around Sola Chaco Dam;
 There is no land conflict on the project site;
 He promised that there will be a guarantee of full time
security in the project area;
Solo P. Ng’oka
(Chairmani-Binza
Kitongoji)





Masanja Mshandete –
(Chairman Sola Street)


He knows proposed project;
He supports proposed project for the benefit of Maswa
urban community and nearby villages;
He was also interested to know exactly when
implementation of proposed project will start;
He also confirmed that community are aware and accept the
proposed project;
He wanted to know the distance of restricted from dam
embankment of which communities are not allowed to carry
out any activities. He was informed that the required
distance (buffer zone) is 60m.
He is aware of proposed project;
He is positive with proposed project;
Page 74
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region


Caroline Shayo
(Councilor (Special
City))




Pawa Y. Sama
(WEO)



He requested urgent efforts to be made so that project
implementation can start as soon as possible;
He also urge that local community should be given first
priority in employment opportunity during project
implementation.
She is aware of proposed project;
She strongly support proposed project because there is
water scarcity in Maswa district;
She is hopeful that availability of reliable water supply will
boost community development;
She insisted that community participation will be key factor
for sustainability of proposed project.
He knows propose project;
He accepts proposed project because it will increase access
of water supply in Maswa urban and nearby village;
The project will facilitate other community socio-economic
development.
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Appendix 4: Consulted Stakeholders and theirs Signatures
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Appendix 5: Detailed analysis of impacts’ significance
Potential Impacts
Magnitude
Scale
Duration
Exposure
Probability
1
2
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
3
4
2
2
1
5
2
1
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
Consequence
Likelihood
5
(Low)
6
(Low)
5
(Low)
4
(Very Low)
5
(Low)
4
(Low)
5
(Low)
4
(Low)
4
(Low)
4
(Low)
8
(Moderate)
6
(Low)
6
(Low)
6
(Moderate)
6
(Moderate)
6
(Moderate)
Significance
A. Potential Environmental Impacts
A.1: Mobilization Phase
Deterioration of ambient air
quality by dust and fumes
Loss of wildlife habitats,
indigenous flora and fauna
Contamination of water and
soil from waste oils
Disturbance to local fauna
due to noise and vibration
Depletion of resources and
land degradation at
materials point source
2
Low
Low
Low
Very Low
Low
A.2: Construction Phase
Loss of wildlife habitats,
indigenous flora and fauna
Erosion of soil and reservoir
sedimentation
Soil and water pollution due
to hazardous wastes
Page 80
High
Low
Low
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Scale
Duration
Exposure
Probability
3
2
3
3
4
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
3
Air, water and soil pollution
1
2
1
Noise pollution
1
2
Change in stream flow
regime and water quality
Environmental pollution
from poor waste
management
Reduced air quality from
continuous air emissions
Magnitude
Consequence
Likelihood
Significance
8
(Moderate)
7
(Low)
7
(Moderate)
5
(Low)
Moderate
4
6
(Low)
7
(Moderate)
Low
2
2
1
2
4
(Low)
3
(Very Low)
Very Low
1
4
(Very Low)
4
(Very Low)
Low
A.3: Demobilization phase
Very Low
A.4: Operation phase
Change in water quantity in
downstream reaches of the
stream
Change in stream flow
regime and water quality
2
2
3
3
3
7
(Low)
6
(Moderate)
Low
2
2
3
3
3
7
(Low)
6
(Moderate)
Low
Enhancing watershed
management
3
5
3
3
5
11
(Moderate)
8
(High)
High
Environmental pollution
from poor waste
management
1
2
3
2
1
6
(Low)
3
(Very Low)
Very Low
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PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Magnitude
Scale
Duration
Exposure
Probability
3
4
4
5
Consequence
Likelihood
Significance
10
(Moderate)
1
(Moderate)
6
(Low)
8
(Moderate)
6
(Low)
9
(High)
9
(High)
6
(Low)
5
(Low)
5
(Low)
High
B Potential Socio-Economic Impacts
B.1 Mobilization and Construction phases
Creation of Employment
3
Skills transfer to locals
3
3
5
5
4
Resource use conflicts and
security hazards
Interruption of area traffics
and movements
Nuisance due to air
emissions, noise and
vibrations
Health hazards and nuisance
due to poor waste
management
Occupational Health and
Safety Hazards
Increased incidences of
diseases including STDs and
HIV/AIDs
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
4
8
(Moderate)
7
(Moderate)
Moderate
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
5
(Low))
5
(Low)
Low
2
8
(Moderate)
7
(Low)
B.2 Demobilization Phase
Page 82
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
PEA for the proposed Rehabilitation of Sola Dam, Maswa District, Simiyu Region
Potential Impacts
Magnitude
Scale
Duration
Exposure
Probability
2
2
5
5
5
9
(Moderate)
10
(Very High)
High
Creation of employment
and enhanced livelihood
Hazards and nuisance due
to poor waste management
Health hazards and nuisance
due to poor waste
management
Nuisance to on site / offsite
receptors due to air
emissions, noise and
vibrations
Occupational Health and
Safety Hazards
Threat to public health due
to deterioration of water
quality
Skills transfer to local
5
3
5
4
5
2
2
1
5
1
1
3
2
1
9
(High)
3
(Very Low)
6
(Moderate)
High
4
13
(High)
5
(Low)
8
(Moderate)
1
1
2
2
1
4
(Very Low)
3
(Very Low)
Very Low
2
1
3
3
3
4
3
3
6
(Moderate)
6
(Moderate)
Low
2
6
(Low)
9
(Moderate)
5
3
5
4
4
Boost to other socioeconomic activities
5
2
4
4
5
13
(High)
11
(Moderate)
8
(High)
9
(High)
Loss of Employment
Consequence
Likelihood
Significance
B.3 Operation Phase
3
Page 83
Very Low
Low
Moderate
High
High