China’s
Global
Role
Header Page
in Hydropower Development
SUBHEAD IS ALL CAPS
中国在水电工程中的全球角色
孟方桦, 中国全球项目
国际河流组织
About us
关于我们
International Rivers protects rivers
and defends the rights of
communities that depend on them.
We opposes destructive dams and
the development model they
advance, and we encourage better
ways of meeting people’s needs for
water, energy and protection from
damaging floods.
国际河流组织保护河流并捍卫依赖河
流生存的社区的权利。我们反对破坏
性的水坝以及它所倡导的发展模式，
促进更好的解决方案以满足人民对水
、能源和防止洪水灾害的需要。
Regions of Work
工作区域
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Latin America – The Amazon,
Patagonia, Guatemala, Mexico,
and Mesoamerica more
generally
Africa – mostly Mozambique,
South Africa, Zimbabwe,
Uganda, Cameroon, Sudan
East and Southeast Asia –
China and the Mekong region
South Asia – India and
Pakistan
• 拉丁美洲-亚马孙森林， 巴塔
哥尼亚 ，危地马拉，墨西哥，
中美洲地区
• 非洲-多分布在莫桑比克，南
非，津巴布韦，乌干达，喀
麦隆，苏丹。
• 东亚，东南亚-中国，湄公河
流域。
• 南亚-印度，巴基斯坦
China’s New Role
中国的全新角色
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Over 251 dams abroad in 68
countries
China global hydropower leader
China Exim Bank now biggest dam
funder
China lags in implementing
environmental protection and social
standards
跨越68个国家的251项水电工程
中国-全球水电工程领跑者
中国进出口银行-最大的水坝投资者
中国在贯彻环保与社会标准时略显
落后
China’s global hydropower influence
Africa - 70 projects, 5 complete; Asia (South east) - 124 projects, 12 completed
Asia (South) - 35 projects; 5 complete; Europe and Middle East - 15;
Latin America - 15 projects; Pacific - 3 projects.
非洲-70个项目，5项已完成；东南亚-124个项目，12项已完成
南亚-35个项目，5项已完成；欧洲，中东-15个项目
拉丁美洲-15个项目；太平洋区域-3个项目
Chinese dam builders overseas
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Up to 65 of the
international market
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All aim to
rapidly
develop their
international
market
So far,
geographical
reach limited to
South-east Asia
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As these companies have pushed
overseas, they have also gained new
stakeholders (governments, civil society
groups, affected communities, project
developer…)
Environmental and social standards have
been difficult to ascertain and developed
in a haphazard way
– All these companies conduct annual
corporate social responsibility
reporting but have no environmental
or social safeguards policies
– Some companies conduct
philanthropic activities associated
with their projects (e.g. gifting of text
books to the local school or
medicines to village hospital) but
these are ad-hoc
– Some companies have committed to
international agreements - such as
the UN Global Compact or industry
specific guidelines - CHINCA’s
social responsibility guidelines but
have no publicly available
environmental policies.
Companies are also likely do more when
they have a long-time presence in the
community e.g. Build-Own-Transfer
contract or are the project developer
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在这些公司向海外扩张的同时，
他们也发展了相关利益方（政府，
社会团体，社区，项目建设
者……）
此时，环境与社会标准很难保证，
于是以一种无章序的方式发展。
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这些公司出版企业社会责任报告，但
是没有出台环保及社会政策。
– 有些公司发展与项目有关的公益活动
（例：向当地学生赠送教科书或向当
地医院赞助药品）但是都为临时
– 有些公司遵循国际标准-如联合国全
球契约或行业规则- 中国对外承包工
程商会的社会责任指南，但是没有可
供公众监督的环境政策。
当在某个社区发展长期项目时，公司往往
更加负责：例如建设—拥有—转让合同或
自主建设
Environmental
policy = international
best practice
Commitment to
local laws and
China’s international
obligations
CHINCA social
responsibility
guidelines
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Sinohydro
中国水电建设集团公司
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50% share of the international dam building market
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Active in Southeast Asia, South Asia, Africa and Latin
America
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Damaged reputation - main construction contractor for the
Merowe Dam, Sudan (2003- 2009)
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Since then, there has been an increased sensitivity to
projects with environmental, safety issues; more cautious
when bidding for projects
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Sinohydro has developed a draft environmental policy for
their international projects but it has yet to adopt.
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独占国际水坝建设市场的50%到60%股份
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在东南亚，南亚，非洲和拉丁美洲发展
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名誉受损-苏丹麦洛维水坝建设者（2003-2009）
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此后，对环保，安全问题更加敏感，竞标时更加谨慎。
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中国水电针对国际工程开发了一套环境政策，但还未曾执行
。
Gezhouba
中国葛洲坝集团
Illegal gold mining activity around a
Gezhouba dam project in Burma
缅甸，葛洲坝工程附近的非法金矿开发活动
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Large infrastructure construction
contractor, with an expertise in large
dams
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Rapid expansion, in 2010 signed 22.5
billion RMB in new international contracts
- approx 50% are hydropower projects
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Projects in 60 countries, 30+ overseas
offices and 20,000 overseas workers
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主要的水坝产业建设者，专业于大型工程
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扩展速度迅速。在2010年，签约约2亿人
民币的国际合同-50%为水电工程合同
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在60个国家开发工程。有30多个海外办事
处，20000位海外员工
Gezhouba
中国葛洲坝集团
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Vague environmental commitments but
has adopted CHINCA’s guidelines on
social responsibility
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Destructive dam project: In conjunction
with China Power Investment it is building
the Myitsone dam (6000 MW) in Burma
– No EIA has been conducted
– Significant biodiversity and
downstream impacts
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采用了社会责任指南，但是在具
体执行上依然不甚清楚
破坏性的水电工程：与中国电力
投资合作，在缅甸建设6000兆瓦
的密松大坝
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Illegal gold mining activity around a
Gezhouba dam project in Burma
缅甸，葛洲坝工程附近的非法金矿开发活动
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没有采用EIA标准
对生物多样性和下游环境产生巨大影
响
Thank you
谢谢！
Next: Ethiopia case study
Gibe III Hydroelectric
Project,