Final Exam Study Guide to complete!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! If you know these concepts you will do
great on your exam
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1. Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called:
a. prototypes.
b. subtypes.
c. isotopes.
d. ions.
2. Protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held together by:
a. gravity.
b. electromagnetic force.
c. the strong nuclear force.
d. the weak force
3. Compared to protons, electrons have:
a. much smaller mass and opposite charge.
b. about the same mass and opposite charge.
c. much larger mass and the same charge.
d. much larger mass and opposite charge.
4. Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass are called:
a. prototypes.
b. isomers.
c. isotopes.
d. ions.
5. A particle with zero charge found in the nucleus of an atom is called a(n):
a. electron.
b. proton.
c. neutron.
d. positron
6. A common isotope of Carbon has an atomic number of 6 and a mass number of 13. How many neutrons are in
an atom of this isotope?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 12
d. 13
7. Many models have been developed to explain the nature of atoms. The model that helped scientists to
understand energy levels of atoms was developed by:
a. Niels Bohr.
b. Albert Einstein.
c. Sir Isaac Newton.
d. Richard Feynman.
8. Why don’t all the electrons in an atom fall to the lowest energy level?
a. Electrons move so fast they quickly bounce out of the lowest energy level.
b. Gravity won’t allow it.
c. The lowest energy level can only hold 2 electrons.
d. The nucleus repels the electrons.
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9. The diagram below represents a spectrum. Each line is a different color of light. The bright colored lines
represent:
____ 10.
____ 11.
____ 12.
____ 13.
____ 14.
____ 15.
a. the diameter of several isotopes.
b. light of different energies from an element.
c. atoms that are radioactive.
d. values for the strong force for several isotopes.
Fireworks contain different elements in them for displaying different colors. The different colors occur
because:
a. the different elements burn at different temperatures.
b. atoms of various elements react with each other differently.
c. atoms of various elements emit light at different frequencies.
d. atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons.
An atom contains 11 electrons. If a 12th electron were added to the atom, the energy level into which it would
be placed is energy level:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
Most of the elements in the periodic table can be described as:
a. metals.
b. nonmetals.
c. metalloids.
d. halogens.
Characteristics of non-metals include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. ductile.
b. brittle.
c. poor conductors.
d. dull.
Most non-metals on the periodic table are located on the:
a. left.
b. bottom.
c. right.
d. top.
An atomic mass unit is the approximate mass of a single:
a. electron.
b. proton.
c. carbon atom.
d. carbon molecule.
____ 16. An example of a metalloid, elements with properties between metals and non-metals, is
a. iron.
b. silicon.
c. oxygen.
d. copper.
____ 17. In which directions on the periodic table do the atomic masses of elements increase?
a. Left to right and bottom to top
b. Left to right and top to bottom
c. Right to left and bottom to top
d. Right to left and top to bottom
____ 18. Which of the following is evidence that a chemical change has occurred?
a. A material changes from solid to liquid.
b. The temperature of a material changes from 10ºC to 20ºC.
c. A material is hammered from a round shape to a flat shape.
d. A material changes color from blue to red.
____ 19. Atomic mass is approximately the same as:
a. the atomic number.
b. an atomic mass unit.
c. the mass number.
d. the element symbol.
____ 20. The diagram below represents information that can be found on the periodic table for the element argon.
The mass number for an argon isotope is represented at:
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
____ 21. The number of valence electrons in an atom of aluminum, atomic number 13, is:
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
___ 22. The oxidation number for halogens is:
a. 1+
b. 2+
c. 1d. 2____ 23. Which statement is TRUE about elements in group 16?
a. They need 6 electrons to complete their octet.
b. They have an oxidation number of 2-.
c. They have an oxidation number of 2+.
d. They have 2 valence electrons.
____ 24. The atom of the element most likely to bond with a single atom of fluorine, atomic number 9, is:
a. lithium, atomic number 3
b. beryllium, atomic number 4
c. boron, atomic number 5
d. carbon, atomic number 6
____ 25. The element chlorine has two stable isotopes, Cl35 and Cl37. About 3 of every 4 chlorine atoms found on Earth
are Cl35, and the remainder are Cl37. The average atomic mass of chlorine is closest to ____ amu.
a. 35.0
b. 35.5
c. 36.0
d. 36.5
____ 26. The atomic mass of boron is 10.811. What is the mass number of the most abundant isotope of boron?
a. 9
b. 10
c. 11
d. 12
____ 27. Elements used to make semiconductors for computers include germanium and:
a. oxygen.
b. iron.
c. carbon.
d. silicon.
____ 28. The most abundant element in Earth’s crust is:
a. oxygen.
b. silicon.
c. carbon.
d. nitrogen.
____ 29. Of the following, the best insulator is the element:
a. zinc.
b. chromium.
c. sulfur.
d. magnesium.
____ 30. The element that is shiny in appearance, quite dense and liquid at room temperature is:
a. silver.
b. aluminum.
c. mercury.
d. zinc.
____ 31. A molecule of water, formed when two hydrogen atoms (oxidation number 1+) and one oxygen atom
(oxidation number 2-) bond, has an oxidation number of:
a. 0
b. 1+
c. 1d. 2____ 32. A chemical formula for a compound tells a lot of information about that compound. Which of the following is
NOT true of a chemical formula?
a. The chemical symbols for each element in the compound are given.
b. The chemical formula lets you know if polyatomic ions are present in the compound.
c. The element with the negative oxidation number is usually listed first.
d. The number of atoms for all the atoms in a compound are given.
____ 33. The compound CaCl2 contains which of the following ions?
a. Ca+ and Clb. Ca2+ and Clc. Ca4+ and Cl2d. Ca2+ and Cl4____ 34. When a chemical change occurs:
a. atoms are rearranged.
b. the law of conservation of mass is always obeyed.
c. the chemical properties of new substances are different from the ones you started with.
d. All of the above
____ 35. Evidence for a chemical change includes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. phase change.
b. color change.
c. temperature change.
d. production of bubbles.
____ 36. A general name for ALL substances created in a chemical reaction is:
a. reactant.
b. coefficient.
c. product.
d. precipitate.
____ 37. Balance the following equation to demonstrate the conservation of atoms in a reaction. Choose the answer
which provides the correct coefficients for each reactant and product.
_____ Fe + _____ O2
_____ Fe2O3
a. (4, 3, 2)
b. (2, 1, 1)
c. (1, 2, 3)
d. (2, 3, 1)
____ 38. In the chemical equation, 2HCl + Ca(OH)2
CaCl2 + 2H2O, the number of molecules of reactants is:
a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 9
____ 39. The general equation representing an addition reaction is:
a. A + B
AB
b. AB
A+B
c. AX + B
BX + A
d. AB + CD
AD + CB
____ 40. Classify the following reaction:
Cu(OH)2
CuO + H2O
a. Addition
b. Single-displacement
c. Double-displacement
d. Decomposition
____ 41. The unit for measuring the frequency of an oscillating system is the:
a. meter.
b. meter/second.
c. hertz.
d. hertz/second.
____ 42. In a mechanical system, the distance an oscillator moves from its average position is called:
a. amplitude.
b. cycle.
c. frequency.
d. period.
____ 43. Natural frequency is:
a. what happens when two waves combine to produce one wave of lower amplitude.
b. the frequency at which a system oscillates when it is disturbed.
c. the rate at which vibrations are naturally damped in an oscillator.
d. an oscillator whose frequency is a multiple of another wave.
____ 44. The force that brings the motion of an oscillator toward its equilibrium position is called its ____ force.
a. gravitational
b. strong
c. restoring
d. centripetal
____ 45. Which of the following is NOT a property of waves?
a. Frequency
b. Amplitude
c. Speed
d. Weight
____ 46. The wavelength of a certain frequency of light is 5  10-7 meters. If the speed of light is 300,000 km/sec, the
frequency of the light is ____ hertz.
a. 1.67  10-15
b. 1.67  10-12
c. 6.00  1011
d. 6.00  1014
____ 47. A longitudinal wave travels:
a. only along the Earth's longitudinal lines.
b. perpendicular to the direction of oscillations.
c. in the same direction as the oscillations.
d. perpendicular to a latitude wave.
____ 48. Which of the following usually occurs inside a material instead of at the surface?
a. Reflection
b. Refraction
c. Diffraction
d. Absorption
____ 49. When a wave bends as it crosses a boundary, ____ occurs.
a. reflection.
b. refraction.
c. absorption.
d. diffraction.
____ 50. As a wave front crosses a boundary between two different media, the wave front may change direction, an
interaction known as:
a. reflection.
b. refraction.
c. diffraction.
d. absorption.