Chapter 18 Section 2 Notes/ Outline: B-3
I.
II.
III.
IV.
People
a. Jose Marti- 1895 launched a war for independence from Spain.
b. William Randolph Hearst- an American publisher who built the nation’s largest
newspaper chain and whose methods profoundly influenced American journalism.
c. George Dewey- Was admiral of the navy, the only person in U.S history to have attained
the rank.
d. Emilio Aguinaldo- was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and an alleged traitor.
Terms
a. Yellow Press-Type of journalism that presented little or no legitimate well researched
new and instead uses eye catching headlines to sell more newspapers.
b. Jingoism-Extreme patriotism especially in the form of aggressive or warlike foreign
policy.
c. Rough Riders- A member of the cavalry unit in witch Theodor Roosevelt
d. Treaty of Paris- signed in Paris by representatives of King George 3rd of Great Britain
Causes of the War
a. At the end of the nineteenth century, Spain was an imperial nation in decline. Its
formerly vast empire had dwindled to a small number of possessions, including the
Philippine island in the pacific and the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico and Cuba.
b. **Demands by Cuban patriots for independence from Spanish rule made U.S.
intervention in Cuba a Paramount issue in the relations between the United States &
Spain.
c. Cubans Rebel Against Spanish Rule
i. **Cubans wanted freedom
ii. America saw Cuba as a growing market
iii. **Cuban patriot Jose Marti launched a war for independence from Spain
d. The Yellow Press Inflames Opinion
i. **Newspaper publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
heightened the public’s dislike of the Spanish government
ii. Their publications were called the Yellow Press
iii. People in Spain started to establish peace with Americans
iv. **Jigoism-Aggressive Nationalism
e. The Main blows up
i. **February 15, 1889, Maine exploded in Havana harbor
ii. 350 Officers and crew on Board at the time, 266 died
iii. **Yellow Press accused Spain of blowing up the battleship
iv. **McKinley didn’t Declare war just yet, called for further investigation
v. Discovered a mine had blown up the Battleship
The Nation goes to War!
i. War fever gripped the nation
ii. Speeches and Songs Patronized “Remember the Maine”
iii. Spain tried to back peddle but it was to late
iv. **April 11, 1898, McKinley asked Congress for the Authority to use force against
Spain to end fighting in Cuba
V.
v. **April 19, 1898, U.S. Declared war on Spain
vi. **No intention of annexing Cuba
vii. McKinley asked for 100,000 volunteers
viii. Spain Declared war on united states
b. American troops battle the Spanish
i. Americans responded enthusiastically to the war
ii. **200,00 men enlisted in the army
iii. **Americans Heard of a great naval victory over Spain
iv. **Not in Cuba but in the Pacific Ocean, On the Opposite side of the world
v. **The Spanish-American was lasted less than four months
c. Dewey Takes the Philippines
i. **At the beginning of the beginning of the war, Dewey received instructions to
immediately move against the Philippians
ii. The department Hong Kong and began gathering information regarding admiral
Patrico Montojos Spanish fleet at manila
iii. The Spanish was located near Cauite, forming for battle, Dewey attacked
Montojo on May 1, 1989 in result Dewey destroyed the entire fleet of older
warships
iv. **With the Spanish fleet destruction, he became a national hero and was
immediately promoted to rear admiral
v. Continuing to operate in the Philippines, he coordinated with Filipino insurgents
in attacking the remaining Spanish force
vi. **He is the only officer to ever hold this rank and as a special honor was
permitted to remain an active duty beyond mandatory retirement age
d. U.S Forces Went in Cuba
i. **American troops landed in Cuba in June 1898
ii. U.S marines captured Guantanamo Bay, and a force of 17,000 soldiers under U.S
army general Williams Shafter
iii. **In spite of their excitement for the war , the troops faced deplorable
conditions, they were poorly trained and supplied
iv. The soldiers were issued obsolete weapons and heavy wool uniforms that were
unsuitable for Cuba’s tropical climate
Effects on the War
i. Secretary of state John referred to the conflict with Spain as a splendid little war
because of the ease and thoroughness of Americans victory
ii. The war showed splendid to Americans
iii. **With the dilemma of wondering what to do with Spain’s former territories
b. The Treaty of Paris
i. **Signed by Spain and the united states in December 1898, the treaty of Paris
officially ended the war
ii. **Spain gave up control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific island of Guam
iii. Sold the Philippines to the United States for $20 million.
iv. **Teller Amendment prevented United states from Taking possession of Cuba
VI.
VII.
v. However the amendment applied to the Philippines, which was debated
whether to grant Philippines independence
Americans Debate Imperialism
i. In the 1890 book The Influence of Sea Power upon History, Alfred T. Mahan
argued that modern industrial nations should secure foreign markets for the
purpose of exchanging goods and maintain a maritime force that is capable of
protecting those trade routes, justifying American imperialistic policy.
ii. **The American Anti-Imperialist League was an organization established in the
United States on June 15, 1898, to battle the American annexation of the
Philippines. The Anti-Imperialist League represented an older generation and
were rooted in an earlier era.
iii. The anti-imperialists didn’t oppose expansion on commercial, constitutional,
religious, or humanitarian grounds; they believed that annexation and
administration of backward tropical areas would mean the abandonment of
American ideals of self-government and isolation.
America Assumes a New Role in the World
i. **In 1900 William Jennings ran against William McKinley Bryan for president, to
add to the chances of winning in the reelection, McKinley named Theodore
Roosevelt “the hero of San Juan Hill” as his vice president. After U.S. victory over
Spain, McKinley defeated Bryan in the reelection.
ii. The United States had an empire and a new stature in world affairs as a result of
the Spanish American war.
iii. The war then did mark a turning point in history for the American foreign
policies.