Emery APES: Chapter 7 & 8 Exam
Version B
25 November 2014
Emeryism # 274: Birds are weird.
Directions: on a blank sheet of paper, write the letter corresponding to the one correct answer for each question.
1. The rain shadow effect refers to
a. More light on the windward side of mountain ranges
b. More moisture on the leeward side of mountain ranges
c. Moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
d. Drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
e. Less light available on the leeward side of mountain ranges
2.
Large terrestrial regions with similar characteristics are
a. Ecosystems
b. Communities
c. Populations
d. Habitats
e. Biomes
3.
Biomes are mostly characterized by certain types of:
a. Light and temperature
b. Climate and light
c. Light and amount of water
d. Climate and dominant plant life
e. Dominant plant life and temperature
4.
Which of the following is the primary factor that controls the vegetative (plant) character of a biome?
a. Light
b. Precipitation
c. Nutrients
d. Soil type
e. Predation
5.
Which of the following is not an adaptation of desert plants for their environment?
a. Toxins in their large, flat leaves to discourage being eaten
b. Spines to discourage animals from taking their water
c. Opening their pores only at night to prevent evaporation
d. Small, wax-coated leaves
e. Reduced or no leaves
6.
Areas of land that are located very far away from a large body of water generally have the following climate
characteristics:
a. Extreme temperature fluctuations from day to night and/or season to season
b. Hot and dry conditions year-round
c. An annual brief rainy season and a long dry season
d. Heavy and frequent precipitation
e. Mild temperature fluctuations from day to night and/or season-to-season
7. Desert soils take hundreds of years to recover from disturbances because of all of the following except
a. Slow plant growth
b. Low species diversity
c. High soil bacteria activity
d. Slow nutrient cycling
e. Lack of water
8. "Widely scattered clumps of trees, warm temperatures year-round, alternating dry and wet seasons, with herds
of herbivores" are the characteristics of which of the following?
a. Tall-grass prairie
b. Tundra
c. Short-grass prairie
d. Temperate grassland
e. Savanna (tropical grassland)
9. Which of the following is not a type of biome on Earth?
a. Iceberg
b. Deserts
c. Forests
d. Grasslands
e. None of these, they are all biomes
10. Which of the following climate zones would be described as having four relatively mild seasons?
a. Polar
b. Tundra
c. Temperate
d. Tropical
e. Rain forests
11. Which of the following are a local area's short-term temperature, precipitation, and humidity?
a. Climate
b. Weather
c. Biomes
d. Ecosystems
e. Currents
12. Where does the largest input of solar energy occur?
a. The north and south poles
b. The tropic of Cancer
c. 30° N and 30° S
d. The tropic of Capricorn
e. The equator
13. Prevailing winds are the result of what?
a. Temperature
b. Direction the sun strikes the earth
c. Rotation of the earth on its axis
d. Cold ocean currents
e. Sun storms
14. Which of the following statements about oceans is not true?
a. Ocean currents redistribute heat from the sun.
b. Most of the heat absorbed by the ocean air is absorbed in tropical waters.
c. Irregularly shaped continents cause currents to flow in circular patterns.
d. Differences in density of warm and cold seawater set up warm and cold currents.
e. Oceans currents flow counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere.
15. Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?
a. Oxygen O2
b. Water vapor H2O
c. Carbon dioxide CO2
d. Methane CH4
e. Nitrous oxide N2O
16. Which of the following would not be true of a tropical rain forest?
a. Low net primary productivity
b. Little ground level vegetation
c. Low levels of ground level sunlight
d. High biodiversity
e. High humidity
17. Thermohaline circulation refers to
a. The movement of ocean currents
b. The transfer of heat driven by differences in saltwater densities
c. Cooling of the equator
d. The impact of anthropogenic climate change on ocean currents
e. Melting of ice sheets
18. Most of the nutrients in the tropical rain forests are found in the
a. Living organisms
b. Large rivers
c. Deep, rich soil
d. Thick atmosphere
e. Shallow soil
19. Which of the following about temperate deciduous forests is false?
a. Average temperatures change significantly with the seasons.
b. They are predominantly just a few broadleaf deciduous tree species.
c. Areas cleared of trees can return to forest in 100-200 years.
d. They have very nutrient-poor soil.
e. Precipitation spreads relatively evenly throughout the year.
20. The Westerlies are:
a. Winds that travel from the west to the east
b. Winds that travel from the east to the west
c. Ocean currents that travel from the west to the east
d. Ocean currents that travel from the east to the west
e. A new reality show on Bravo
21. Which of the following biomes has been most directly disturbed by human activities?
a. Tundra
b. Tropical rain forest
c. Coniferous forest
d. Temperate deciduous forest
e. Taiga
22. The kangaroo rat is a unique rodent that can survive on the water it eats in plant seeds; it does not need to
drink water. In which biome do you think this adaptation helps the kangaroo rat survive?
a. Temperate rain forest
b. Arctic tundra
c. Tropical rainforest
d. Savanna (tropical grassland)
e. Desert
23. Deserts are caused by
a. The rain shadow effect
b. The greenhouse effect
c. Ocean currents
d. Winds that regularly change directions
e. The fact that water has a high heat capacity
24. Which of the following is not true about mountains?
a. They have an essential role in the water cycle.
b. They contain habitats for many endemic species.
c. They serve as sanctuaries for species driven from lowland areas.
d. They help regulate the earth's climate.
e. They contain a small minority of the world's forests.
25. The term greenhouse effect describes
a. The circulation of heat over the earth via wind patterns
b. The difference in heat capacity between land and water
c. The difference in rainfall near mountain ranges
d. The trapping of heat energy by molecules in the atmosphere
e. The effect climate change has on the economy
26. Which of the following is not true of prairies?
a. Winds blow almost continuously.
b. Evaporation is rapid.
c. Grasses are the predominant plant life.
d. Prairies are typical of coastal regions of continents.
e. Fires and wind hinder tree growth.
27. Treeless, bitterly cold most of the year, winters are long and dark, low-growing plants, and permafrost are the
characteristics of which of the following?
a. Taiga (coniferous forest)
b. Tundra
c. High mountain (alpine)
d. Temperate grassland
e. Savanna (tropical grassland)
28. On a visit to a Natural History museum you are shown a burrow-dwelling, small animal with thick fur. You
predict the animal came from the
a. Temperate grasslands
b. Desert
c. Arctic tundra
d. Tropical rainforest
e. Taiga
29. Which of the following does alpine tundra receive in larger amounts than temperate forests?
a. Rain
b. Snow
c. Sunlight
d. Wind
e. Ice
30. Which of the following is the big disadvantage for organisms living in a chaparral region?
a. Too much rain
b. Fire hazard
c. Too little rain
d. Too many venomous snakes
e. Bothersome rodent populations
31. Tropical rain forests are not good for clearing to grow crops or animals, primarily because they are low in
which of the following?
a. Rainfall
b. Temperature
c. Light
d. Soil nutrients
e. Wind
32. Trees of the tropical rainforest are characterized by leaves that are
a. Needlelike
b. Broadleaf and fall seasonally
c. Needlelike and fall seasonally
d. Needlelike and evergreen
e. Broadleaf and evergreen
33. Increasing stress levels on biomes would result in all of the following except
a. Massive loss of biodiversity
b. Increased crop production
c. Accelerated projected climate change
d. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
e. Replacement of one biome by another
34. The biome most commonly found at the equator is
a. Desert
b. Tropical rainforest
c. Temperature rainforest
d. Chaparral
e. Temperate grassland/prairie
35. Coral reefs are being damaged or destroyed by all of the following except
a. Pollution
b. Warmer ocean temperatures
c. Increasing ocean acidity
d. Coastal development
e. Underfishing
36. All of the following are part of the saltwater or marine aquatic life zones, except
a. Oceans
b. Estuaries
c. Inland wetlands
d. Coastal wetlands
e. Mangrove forests
37. If you find a new species of algae floating on the surface of a coastal zone, you would likely consider it a type of
a. Benthos
b. Zooplankton
c. Nekton
d. Phytoplankton
e. Ultraplankton
38. A fishing boat, someone catches a swordfish. As a biologist, you would consider this organism a type of
a. Phytoplankton
b. Zooplankton
c. Nekton
d. Benthos
e. Decomposer
39. Which of the following is not an ecological or economic service provided by mangrove forests?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Major source of trees for use in building
Serves as a nursery for juvenile fish
Habitat for many organisms used commercially as a food source for humans
Reduce strong wave impact during storms
Absorb excess plant nutrients
40. Oysters, clams, and lobsters would be part of which of the following?
a. Phytoplankton
b. Zooplankton
c. Nekton
d. Benthos
e. Decomposers
41. The key factors determining the types and numbers of organisms found in the various layers of both freshwater
and marine systems include all of the following, except
a. Predation
b. Availability of nutrients
c. Temperature
d. Dissolved oxygen levels
e. Availability of food
42. The ocean zone that covers the continental shelf is the
a. Bathyal zone
b. Coastal zone
c. Littoral zone
d. Limnetic zone
e. Abyssal zone
43. The ocean zone that makes up the smallest portion of the world's ocean area (less than 10%), yet contains the
largest number of species, is the
a. Abyssal zone
b. Bathyal zone
c. Benthic zone
d. Coastal zone
e. Littoral zone
44. Which of the following is not part of the coastal zone?
a. Estuaries
b. Coastal wetlands
c. Bathyal zone
d. Intertidal zone
e. Coral reefs
45. The deepest part of the ocean is the
a. abyssal zone
b. euphotic zone
c. estuary zone
d. bathyal zone
e. benthic zone
46. Most photosynthesis in the open ocean occurs in the
a. abyssal zone
b. euphotic zone
c. estuary zone
d. bathyal zone
e. benthic zone
47. Which of the following describes nutrient upwelling?
a. Cycling of nutrients within a food web
b. Transfer of nitrogen and phosphorous from the euphotic zone to the abyssal zone
c. El Niño/La Niña
d. Tropical storms
e. Upwelling of nutrients from the abyssal zone to the euphotic zone through ocean currents
48. The zone in which you would expect to find deposit feeders and detritivores and the dominant life
forms:
a. euphotic zone
b. abyssal zone
c. coastal zone
d. intertidal zone
e. bathyal zone
49. Four of the following are major threats to marine systems; one is not. Choose the one that is not.
a. Overfishing
b. Use of dams for flood control and hydroelectricity
c. Runoff of nonpoint source pollution
d. Invasive species introduced by humans
e. Habitat destruction from coastal development
50. Which of the following would be characteristic of a eutrophic lake?
a. Nutrient overload from human activities
b. Nutrient levels between the extremes of too much and too little
c. Low supply of plant nutrients
d. Well-supplied with nutrients for producers
e. No nutrients available for producers
51. Oysters are considered a keystone species because of their ability to filter sediments and excess plant
nutrients from the water. The oysters in Chesapeake Bay are still threatened from serious pollution.
Four of the following are outcomes as a result of this keystone species being threatened. Choose the
one that is not.
a. Fish kills
b. Increased erosion
c. Increased sediments in the water
d. Reduced oxygen levels in the water
e. Poor living conditions for other organisms in the bay
52. Four of the following are ecological and economic services provided by inland wetlands; one is not.
Choose the one that is not.
a. Filtering and degrading toxic wastes and pollutants
b. Reducing heavy wave impact
c. Reducing flooding and erosion caused by storms
d. Helping to replenish stream flow during dry periods
e. Helping to maintain biodiversity by providing habitats
53. Four of the following are major human activities that disrupt and degrade freshwater systems; one is
not. Choose the one that is not.
a. Elimination of entire river systems.
b. Dams and canals fragment habitats.
c. Flood control levees and disconnect rivers from floodplains.
d. Cities and farms add excess nutrients and pollution.
e. Draining inland wetlands to grow crops.
54. How does human activity affect the greenhouse effect?
a. The sun produces more light, which warms the earth
b. The amount of solar radiation increases
c. The amount of solar radiation decreases
d. More greenhouse gases are added to the atmosphere
e. The atmosphere becomes thicker, which insulates the earth
Refer to the survivorship curve (a graph that
demonstrates reproductive strategies) to answer the
following 2 questions:
55. Which of the following organisms could the
line for Type I represent?
a. Elephants
b. Birds
c. Sun fish
d. Dandelions
e. Herring
56. What is an advantage of having a Type III
reproductive strategy?
a. Offspring have high survival rates to adulthood
b. Offspring have high death rates as juveniles
c. Parents invest a lot of energy caring for young
d. Parents invest very little energy caring for young
e. Predators have very few opportunities to prey on the offspring
57. A cold current that moves past a continent will have which of the following effects on the coastal
climate?
a. There will be more evaporation from the ocean and therefore more humidity
b. The average annual temperature will be lower
c. The winters will be cold
d. The average annual temperature will be warmer
e. There will be more precipitation
58. Look at the board at the front of the room and observe the side-view drawing of an island. On this
island, the wind moves from north to south (note the compass rose). Notice that 4 letters (a, b, c, and
d) have been labeled on the island. For each letter, write the appropriate term that describes the
labeled area on your answer sheet. Your terms are: windward side, leeward side, rain shadow, and
heavy precipitation. All terms will be used only once.
Congratulations, you have finished the Chapter 7 & 8 exam! You did a great job. Please turn in your exam and answer
sheet into the appropriate pile on lab station 7. Did you write Version B on the answer sheet?