Institution Submitting Proposal:
UTAH VALLEY UNIVERSITY
College:
Science and Health
Department:
Earth Sciences
Program Title:
Environmental Science and Management
Recommended Classification of Instructional
Programs (CIP) Code:
03.0104
Degree to be Awarded:
BS
Proposed Beginning Date:
Fall, 2011
Institutional Signatures:
_____________________________________________
Matthew S. Holland
University President
______________________________________________
Ian Wilson
Vice President for Academic Affairs
_______________________________________________
Sam Rushforth
Dean
_______________________________________________
Daniel Horns
Department Chair
Date: 11/12/2010
1
Executive Summary
Utah Valley University
Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Management
12 November 2011
Program Description
The Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Management will be very similar to the existing
Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management. The program will
include courses in environmental technology, geology, hydrology, chemistry, and geography. These
courses will teach students about the physics and chemistry of our water, air, and soil resources; introduce
the laws and regulations that relate to the protection of those resources; explore the ethical issues that
motivate people to either exploit or protect the environment; and introduce the technologies that are used to
prevent disease and protect the environment. Students will be taught through classroom instruction and
hands-on experience. To help students be more effective in their future careers, they will be required to
practice their written and oral communication skills, as well as learn the basic skills of managing an
organization. Internships are strongly recommended. The Bachelor of Science in Environmental
Management program is designed to prepare graduates for careers helping private industries comply with
environmental regulations, working for companies that conduct environmental surveys and cleanups,
working for government agencies that enforce environmental regulations, and for graduate school
programs that deal with environmental science and/or environmental policy.
Role and Mission Fit
These changes are consistent with UVU's mission to offer undergraduate programs that contribute to the
quality of life and economic development at the local and state levels (R312-5.1.1). The changes are also
consistent with UVU's roles of providing quality academic learning opportunities and promoting economic
and cultural development to contribute to the quality of life of the region and state. The changes will
contribute to quality of life issues by preparing graduates who will better protect the region's environmental
quality. The changes will contribute to economic development issues by preparing graduates who can help
Utah’s expanding industry comply with environmental standards and regulations.
Faculty
Number of faculty with Doctoral degrees
Number of faculty with Master’s degrees
Number of faculty with Bachelor’s degrees
Other Faculty
Tenure
Tenure
Tenure
Tenure
7
3
0
0
Contract
Contract
Contract
Contract
0
0
0
0
Adjunct
Adjunct
Adjunct
Adjunct
0
0
0
0
Market Demand
The market demand for this degree program is demonstrated by the success of our graduates from the
existing Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management. Over 80%
of the graduates from the existing Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental
Management program are finding jobs in their fields within a few months of graduating. These include jobs
at engineering companies working with environmental cleanup and water resources, and jobs at
government agencies that enforce environmental regulations.
Student Demand
2
This change was requested by students in the existing program, so that the name of their degree program
will better communicate the content of that program. This proposed change resulted from a formal exercise
conducted by students in the Fall 2008 Environmental Management Systems class (ENVT 3530). Students
in ENVT 3530 learn how to use the methods of ISO 14000 (“continuous process improvement”) to improve
the operations of an organization. Each time the class is taught; students in ENVT 3530 conduct a project
in which they apply the methods of continuous process improvement to an existing operation. In Fall of
2008, the students applied the methods to their own major (Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an
Emphasis in Environmental Management). The students collected and compiled employment
advertisements and interviewed potential employers. The students concluded that the content of the
degree program would be better communicated to potential employers by changing the name of the
program from “Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management” to
“Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science Management.” Furthermore, the students concluded that
the new name was a better match with the job titles listed in employment advertisements. These
conclusions are consistent with comments from other students over the past couple years and with
comments from Renee Zollinger, Environmental Programs Manager for Salt Lake City Corporation.
Statement of Financial Support
There will be no financial impact since the proposed degree will replace a nearly identical emphasis within
an existing program.
Similar Programs Already Offered in the USHE
Programs similar to the proposed UVU Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science
 Utah State University, Applied Environmental Geosciences degree
 Weber State University, Bachelor of Science in Applied Environmental Geosciences
 University of Utah, Bachelor of Science in Geoscience with an Emphasis in Environmental
Geoscience
 Utah Valley University, Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental
Management
3
Section I: Request
Utah Valley University requests approval to offer a Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and
Management degree effective Fall 2011. This action was approved by the UVU Board of Trustees on
October 28, 2010.
Section II: Program Description
Complete Program Description
The proposed Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Management replaces the existing
Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management.
Coincident with this new degree program, the Department of Earth Science has also submitted a proposal
requesting the restructure of their Bachelor of Science in Earth Science which would eliminate the
emphasis in Environmental Management and change the name of the existing degree to Bachelor of
Science in Geology. The curriculum of the restructured Bachelor of Science in Geology will be virtually
identical to the Bachelor of Science in Earth Science approved by the BOR in 2000.
The program will include courses in environmental technology, geology, hydrology, chemistry, and
geography. These courses will teach students about the physics and chemistry of our water, air, and soil
resources; introduce the laws and regulations that relate to the protection of those resources, explore the
ethical issues that motivate people to either exploit or protect the environment, and introduce the
technologies that are used to prevent disease and protect the environment. Students will be taught through
classroom instruction and hands-on experience. To help students be more effective in their future careers,
they will be required to practice their written and oral communication skills, as well as learn the basic skills
of managing an organization. Internships are strongly recommended. The Bachelor of Science in
Environmental Science and Management program is designed to prepare graduates for careers helping
private industries comply with environmental regulations, working for companies that conduct
environmental surveys and cleanups, working for government agencies that enforce environmental
regulations, and for graduate school programs that deal with environmental science and/or environmental
policy.
Purpose of Degree
The first purpose of the Environmental Science and Management Program is to prepare students for
careers as environmental professionals. In those careers, graduates of the program will work to prevent
those diseases and illnesses which are caused by pollution, to prevent pollution that is unsightly and
unpleasant but may not be immediately harmful, and to protect the environment. This protection includes
the living part of the environment, such as plants and animals, as well as the nonliving aspects, such as the
clarity of the water and the cleanliness of the air. Environmental protection is improved by educating future
environmental professionals and by raising awareness among the general public.
Institutional Readiness
Since the proposed degree will replace a virtually identical degree that has been offered since 2004 (the
Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management), this change will
require no new institutional resources. The existing Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an
Emphasis in Environmental Management is supported by the Chair of the Department of Earth Science, the
4
Department of Earth Science Administrative Assistant, and the Department of Earth Science Academic
Advisor. This support will be sufficient for the proposed program.
Faculty
No new faculty members are necessary to deliver the Environmental Science and Management program,
since the needed faculty are currently serving the existing Environmental emphasis in Earth Science.
Appendix C includes a list of faculty members who are key to UVU’s Environmental Management program.
Of the required core classes for the proposed degree (see Appendix A), 80% to 100% of the course
sections will be taught by full-time, tenure track faculty members. All of the Environmental Management
faculty members were hired at UVU because of their dedication to undergraduate education. These faculty
members take great advantage of the faculty development opportunities at UVU, most notable training
sessions by UVU’s Faculty Center for Teaching Excellence and peer review programs in the Departments
of Earth Science and Chemistry.
Staff
Because this new program will replace the Environmental Management emphasis, this change will require
no new staff.
Library and Information Resources
The UVU library currently holds 447 titles related to environmental science (55 related to environmental
science, 57 related to hydrology, 80 related to water resources, 51 related to water quality, 26 related to air
quality, 139 related to soil resources and soil quality, and 39 related to Geographic Information Systems);
which are sufficient to support the requirements of the new degree. Furthermore, students in the program
will have access to books and journal articles from throughout the Utah System of Higher Education
through the interlibrary loan program.
Admissions Requirements
Upon admissions to UVU, students may declare Environmental Science and Management as their major
and will be required to meet with an advisor from the Department of Earth Science. Incoming freshman
would be welcome into the program their first semester at UVU.
Student Advisement
Students in the Environmental Science and Management degree program will be required to meet at least
once per year with the Earth Science advisor in order to plan their curricula and track their progress.
Additionally, students will be encouraged to talk with Earth Science faculty members about choosing and
preparing for internships, careers, and/or graduate programs.
Justification for Graduation Standards and Number of Credits
The proposed program curriculum is listed in Appendix A, attached. The curriculum is designed to provide
a firm grounding in environmental science and related fields of math and science. The degree program has
enough flexibility to allow students to pursue their particular interests within the field of environmental
science and management. A total of 125 credit hours is required for the proposed program.
5
External Review and Accreditation
The proposed degree program was developed by the faculty of the UVU Department of Earth Science, and
was strongly influenced by conversations with Florence Reynolds, Water Quality Administrator for Salt Lake
City Public Works; Neil Taylor of the Utah Dept of Environmental Quality; and David Pitcher of the Central
Utah Water Conservancy District. The degree program was reviewed by Renee Zollinger. Ms. Zollinger is
the current Environmental Programs Manager for Salt Lake City Corporation, and she has over 20 years of
experience consutling to industry and government on environmental issues.
There are no subject-specific accreditation requirements that apply to the proposed degree. The degree is
however, designed to prepare students for several certification exams. Graduates working toward careers
at health departments will take the Environmental Health Scientist test administered by the Utah Division of
Occupational and Professional Licensing. Graduates of the existing program usually pass this exam on
their first try; whereas graduates from other related programs (e.g., biology and chemistry) typically must
take the exam three or four times before they pass.
Projected Enrollment
Year Student Headcount # of Faculty Student –to-Faculty Ratio Accreditation Req’d Ratio
1
58
5
12:1
N/A
2
60
5
12:1
3
60
5
12:1
4
65
5
13:1
5
65
5
13:1
Expansion of Existing Program
The Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management has been
offered since 2004. Below is a chart illustrating the headcount of students with that declared major and
emphasis for each of the past five years.
Year
2004/2005
2005/2006
2006/2007
2007/2008
2008/2009
Student Headcount
42
53
47
52
58
Section III: Need
Program Need
Graduates of the proposed program, like the existing Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an
Emphasis in Environmental Management, are needed to protect the quality of Utah’s soil, air, and water
resources and to meet the demands for qualified environmental professionals by regional water system
operators, industries, and regulatory agencies. The name change from "Bachelor of Science in Earth
Science with an emphasis in Environmental Management " to “Bachelor of Science in Environmental
Science and Management” is needed due to confusion over the name of the existing program. Many
6
prospective students, as well as some employers of our graduates, have expressed confusion about what
exactly is meant by a "Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an emphasis in Environmental
Management". It is, on the other hand, well understood what is meant by a "Bachelor of Science in
Environmental Science and Management" (see Student Demand, below).
Labor Market Demand
The market demand for this degree program is demonstrated by the success of our graduates from the
existing Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management. Over 80%
of the graduates from the existing Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental
Management program are finding jobs in their fields within a few months of graduating. These include jobs
at engineering companies working with environmental cleanup and water resources, and jobs at
government agencies that enforce environmental regulations.
Jobs in environmental science seem to be strong nation-wide. According to Simply Hired Employment
Trends (http://www.simplyhired.com), environmental science jobs in the U.S. increased by 25% between
September 2008 and March 2010. Furthermore, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos311.htm#projections_data) projects that between 2008 and 1018, the numbers
of jobs in environmental science in the U.S. will increase by 28%.
Student Demand
This change was requested by students in the existing program, so that the name of their degree program
will better communicate the content of that program. This proposed change resulted from a formal exercise
conducted by students in the Fall 2008 Environmental Management Systems class (ENVT 3530). Students
in ENVT 3530 learn how to use the methods of ISO 14000 (“continuous process improvement”) to improve
the operations of an organization. Each time the class is taught, students in ENVT 3530 conduct a project
in which they apply the methods of continuous process improvement to an existing operation. In Fall 2008,
the students applied the methods to their own major (Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an
Emphasis in Environmental Management). The students collected and compiled employement
advertisements and interviewed potential employers. The students concluded that the content of the
degree program would be better communicated to potential employers by changing the name of the
program from “Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental Management” to
“Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Management”. Furthermore, the students concluded
that the new name was a better match with the job titles listed in employement advertisements. These
conclusions are consistent with comments from other students over the past couple years and with
comments from Renee Zollinger, Environmental Programs Manager for Salt Lake City Corporation.
Similar Programs
Similar programs offered in Utah:
Utah State University, Applied Environmental Geosciences degree
Weber State University, Bachelor of Science in Applied Environmental Geosciences
University of Utah, Bachelor of Science in Geoscience with an Emphasis in Environmental Geoscience
Utah Valley University, Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental
Management
7
The proposed program differs from existing similar programs in that each of the the similar programs is
essentially a geology degree with some emphasis on environmental science. The proposed program, on
the other hand, has a solid focus on environmental science and management. For example, students in
the “Applied Environmental Geosciences” program at Utah State University are required to take 42 credit
hours of geology classes and just 12 credit hours of environmental science classes1. Students in the
“Bachelor of Science in Geoscience with an Emphasis in Environmental Geoscience” at the University of
Utah are required to take 28 credit hours of geology classes and just 12 credit hours of environmental
science classes. Students in the “Bachelor of Science in Applied Environmental Geosciences” at the
Weber State University are required to take 31 credit hours of geology classes and 27 credit hours of
environmental science classes. By comparison, students in the proposed program at UVU will be required
to take at least 44 credit hours of environmental science classes, and from 4 to 12 credit hours of geology
classes.
There are no similar degrees at any USHE institution south of Salt Lake city.
Collaboration with and Impact on Other USHE Institutions
Because this is effectively a name change of an existing degree program, it should have no impact on other
USHE institutions.
Benefits
The chief benefit of this change will be to the graduates of the program. A degree titled “Bachelor of
Science in Environmental Science and Management” is more concise and better describes the nature of
the degree program than “Bachelor of Science in Earth Science with an Emphasis in Environmental
Management.” The change will make it easier for those students to gain jobs or acceptance into graduate
programs.
Consistency with Institutional Mission
These changes are consistent with UVU's mission to offer undergraduate programs that contribute to the
quality of life and economic development at the local and state levels (R312-5.1.1). The changes are also
consistent with UVU's roles of providing quality academic learning opportunities and promoting economic
and cultural development to contribute to the quality of life of the region and state. The changes will
contribute to quality of life issues by preparing graduates who will better protect the region's environmental
quality. The changes will contribute to economic development issues by preparing graduates who can help
Utah’s expanding industry comply with environmental standards and regulations.
Section IV: Program and Student Assessment
Program Assessment
The desired outcomes of the program are: technical knowledge, skills in oral and written communication,
skills in problem solving and reasoning, knowledge of applicable laws and regulations, and a knowledge of
professional options and responsibilities. Our success in achieving these outcomes is assessed by
surveying students in the program, surveying graduates of the program between one and two years after
1 For the purposes of this comparison, ”environmental science” classes are taken to be classes that deal with environmental aspects of
biology, chemsitry, geography, health, hydrology, meteorology, remote sensing, and public planning.
8
graduation, and surveying the supervisors of the program’s graduates between one and two years after
their graduation.
Expected Standards of Performance
Graduates will be able to do the following at the time of graduation:
1. Understand and discuss the major environmental problems occurring in our society.
Why Chosen: Defining the problem is key to solving the problem.
Assessment Measures: Student understanding of major environmental issues will be measured by
their academic success in discussion classes such as ENVT 1110 (Introduction to Environmental
Management) and ENVT 3700 (Current Topics in Environmental Management).
2. Demonstrate an understanding of the major laws and regulations that are important to environmental
managers and their organizations.
Why Chosen: Graduates are frequently expected to have knowledge of current environmental laws
and regulations.
Assessment Measures: Student understanding and academic success in ENVT 3280
(Environmental Law) and ENVT 3530 (Environmental Management Systems).
3. Ability to communicate effectively both verbally and in writing.
Why Chosen: Environmental managers often need to give presentations to their employers and to
regulatory agencies. They also frequently need to write memos and letters.
Assessment Measures: Most of the ENVT courses require term papers. Several courses, such as
ENVT 3700 (Current Topics in Environmental Management) and ENVT 3530 (Environmental
Management Systems), require oral presentations. Student communication skills will be measured
through success in those courses. Student communication skills can also be measured as
students participate in internships.
4. Have a working knowledge of the technologies used to prevent pollution and disease.
Why Chosen: Environmental managers are expected to use various environmental technologies on
almost a daily basis.
Assessment Measures: Student technological expertise will be measured through 1) academic
success in courses that focus on technology such as ENVT 1360 (Introduction to Drinking Water
Treatment) and ENVT 1510 (Hazardous Materials Emergency Response); 2) participation in
internships; and 3) independent certifications such the State of Utah licenses for water and
wastewater operators.
5. Understand the role that environmental management plays, in relation to government agencies, private
industry, and public perception, in protecting the environment.
Why Chosen: People hold a wide variety of opinions about what environmental workers should be
doing. A clear understanding of their duties will enable environmental managers to focus on
matters of higher priority.
Assessment Measures: Student understanding of the role of environmental managers will be
measured by academic success in discussion courses and through participation in internships.
9
Section V: Finance
Funding Sources
Budgetary impact of the new degree will be limited. The proposed degree will be administered by the
Department of Earth Sciences which is already in place and will, therefore, not require any additional
advising personnel, administrative staff, or other related administrative expenditures during the initial years
of operation. As this proposal is to create a standalone bachelor’s degree from an existing emphasis and
no new courses are proposed, this degree will require no additional financial resources. Thus, the financial
analysis form is not required.
Reallocation
Not applicable.
Impact on Existing Budgets
There will be a minimal impact on existing budgets with the development of these degree program.
10
Appendix A: Program Curriculum
All Program Courses
Course Prefix & Number
General Education
Courses
ENGL 1010
ENGL 2020
MATH 1050
American Institutions
PHIL 2050
HLTH 1100 or PES 1097
BIOL 1010
GEO 1010
GEO 1015
ENVT 1110
Humanities
Fine Arts
Soc/Behavior
Science Core Courses
CHEM 1010
CHEM 1210
CHEM 1215
CHEM 1220
CHEM 1225
CHEM 3020
MATH 1060
MATH 1210
MATH 2040
ENVT Core Courses
ENVT 1200
ENVT 1270
ENVT 1300
ENVT 1510
ENVT 2560
ENVT 2710
Title
Credit Hours
Introduction to Writing
Intermediate Writing
College Algebra
from list
Ethics and Values
Personal Health and Wellness or Fitness for
Life
General Biology
Introduction to Geology
Introduction to Geology Lab
Introduction to Environmental Management
from list
from list
from list
Sub-Total
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
37
Introduction to Chemistry
Principles of Chemistry I
Principles of Chemistry I Lab
Principles of Chemistry II
Principles of Chemistry II Lab
Environmental Chemistry
Trigonometry
Calculus I
Statistics
Sub-Total
3
4
1
4
1
3
3
5
4
28
Environmental Worker Safety
Environmental Microbiology
Environmental Lab and Sampling
Hazardous Materials Emergency Response
Environmental Health
Environmental Careers
11
3
3
4
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
1
ENVT 2730
ENVT 3000
ENVT 3630
ENVT 3280
ENVT 3530
ENVT 3790
ENVT 4790
ENVT 3850
Major Elective Courses
CHEM 1120
CHEM 1125
CHEM 2310
CHEM 2315
CHEM 2310
CHEM 2315
ENVT 1210
ENVT 1360
ENVT 3010
ENVT 3320
ENVT 3330
ENVT 3550
ENVT 3700
ENVT 3750
ENVT 3770
ENVT 3800
ENVT 282R
ENVT 482R
ENVT 495R
GEO 3080
GEO 3200
GEO 4500
Introduction to Soils
GIS and GPS Applications for the Earth
Sciences
Introduction to GIS
Environmental Law
Environmental Management Systems
Hydrology I
Hydrology II
Environmental Policy
Sub-Total
Need 16 Hours
Elementary Biochemistry
Elementary Biochemistry lab
Organic Chemistry I
Organic Chemistry I lab
Organic Chemistry II
Organic Chemistry II lab
Water Reclamation
Introduction to Water Treatment
Environmental Toxicology
Hydraulics of Water
Water Resource Management
Site Investigation
Current Topics
Land Use Planning
Natural Resource Management
Energy Use
Environmental Internship
Environmental Internship
Special Projects
Earth Materials
Geologic Hazards
Sedimentary Geology
Sub- Total
Total Number of Credits
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
3
44
4
1
4
1
4
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1-5
1-3
1-6
4
4
4
16
125
New Courses to be Added in the Next Five Years
Since the proposed degree will replace a virtually identical degree that has been offered since 2004, this
change will require no new courses.
12
Appendix B: Program Schedule
Fall of First Year
ENGL 1010
American Institutions
HLTH 1100 or PES
1097
ENVT 1110
MATH 1050
Title
Introduction to Writing
from list
Personal Health and Wellness or Fitness for Life
Credit Hours
3
3
2
Introduction to Environmental Management
3
College Algebra
4
Semester total:
15
Spring of First Year
Title
Credit Hours
ENGL 2020
Intermediate Writing
3
Humanities
from list
3
ENVT 2710
Environmental Careers
1
GEO 1010
Introduction to Geology
3
GEO 1015
Introduction to Geology Lab
1
MATH 1060
Trigonometry
3
Semester total:
14
Fall of Second Year
Title
Credit Hours
Fine Arts
from list
3
BIOL 1010
General Biology
3
CHEM 1010
Introduction to Chemistry
3
MATH 1210
Calculus I
5
Semester total:
14
Spring of Second Year Title
Credit Hours
CHEM 1210
Principles of Chemistry I
4
CHEM 1215
Principles of Chemistry I Lab
1
ENVT 1200
Environmental and Worker Safety
3
ENVT 1270
Environmental Microbiology
3
MATH 2040
Statistics
4
Semester total:
15
13
Fall of Third Year
Soc/Behavior
CHEM 1220
CHEM 1225
ENVT 1300
ENVT 1510
ENVT 3630
Spring of Third Year
ENVT 3000
ENVT 2560
ENVT 2730
ENVT 3280
ENVT 3530
Fall of Fourth Year
CHEM 3020
ENVT 3790
Spring of Fourth Year
PHIL 2050
ENVT 3850
ENVT 4790
Title
from list
Principles of Chemistry II
Principles of Chemistry II Lab
Environmental Lab and Sampling
Hazardous Materials Emergency Response
Introduction to GIS
Semester total:
Title
GIS and GPS Applications
Environmental Health
Introduction to Soils
Environmental Law
Environmental Management Systems
Semester total:
Title
Environmental Chemistry
Hydrology I
Major elective courses
Semester total:
Title
Ethics and Values
Environmental Policy
Hydrology II
Major elective courses
Semester total:
14
Credit Hours
3
4
1
3
3
3
17
Credit Hours
3
3
3
3
3
15
Credit Hours
3
4
10
17
Credit Hours
3
3
4
6
16
Appendix C: Faculty
List current faculty within the institution, with their qualifications, to be used in support of the program. Do
not include resume.
Jim Callison, Department of Earth Science, Ph.D. in Watershed Management from University of
Arizona. Teaches courses related to water resources, resource management, water treatment.
Eddy Cadet, Department of Earth Science, Ph.D. in Environmental Science (pending) fromTuskeegee
University. Teaches courses in environmental health and planning.
Steve Emerman, Department of Earth Science, Ph.D. in Geophysics from Cornell University. Teaches
courses in hydrology.
Joel Bradford, Department of Earth Science, M.S. in Anthropology from the Univeristy of Utah.
Teaches courses in environmental policy and worker safety.
Fern Caka, Department of Chemistry, Ph.D. in Analytical Chemistry from Brigham Young University,
1993. Teaches environmental chemistry.
15
Appendix D: Letter from Reviewer
16