REVISED ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT REPORT
E1965 v8
ON
DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN, SAFEGUARD
STUDIES, ESIA AND PREPARATION OF
BIDDING DOCUMENT FOR PRIORITIZED
ROADS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA.
Prepared by:
AFKON ASSOCIATES
19, Bode Thomas Road
Onipanu,
Lagos.
JUNE, 2012.
1
ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYMS
ARAP
-
Abbreviate Resettlement Action Plan
ADB
-
African Development Bank
AFD
-
Agence Francaise de Development (Franch Development Agency)
BOT
-
Build Operate and Transfer
BEME
-
Bill of Engineering Measurement
CAS
-
Country Assistance Strategy
CPS
-
Country Partnership Strategy
CBA
-
Cost Benefit Analysis
CFAA
-
Country Financial Accountability Assessment
CLA
-
Central Licensing Authority
CMT
-
Corporate Management Team
CPAR
-
Country Procurement Assessment Report
CY
-
Calendar Year
DFRRI
-
Directorate of Foods Roads and Rural Infrastructure
EA
-
Environmental Assessment
ESIA
-
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF
-
Environment and Social Management Framework
EMP
-
Environmental Management Plan
ERR
-
Economic Rate of Return
EPA
-
Environmental Protection Act
FGN
-
Federal Government of Nigeria
FMARD
-
Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
FPMU
-
Federal Project Management Unit
FERMA
-
Federal Roads Maintenance Agency
FME
-
Federal Ministry of Environment
FMW
-
Federal Ministry of Works
FR
-
Financial Regulations
FRR
-
Financial Rate of Return
GDP
-
Gross Domestic Product
GIS
-
Geographical Information System
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables and Figures
Pages
Table I -Prioritized Roads
12
Figure I
- Project Categorization
17
Table II
-Prioritized Roads / GPS
25
Figure II
- Rainfall
30
Figure II
- Temperature
31
Table III
- Samples of Soil and Water Analysis
33 - 38
Figure III
- Noise
39
Table IV
- Criteria for Road Evaluation
40
Table V
- Summary of Potential Environmental Impact
43 - 58
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
6 -12
Acronyms
Introduction
8
Key Policies
The Proponent (FMARD)
11
Prioritized Roads in Niger State
12
Chapter one
1.0
Introduction
13
1.1
Administration Framework
13
1.2
Relevant Regulatory Instrument
13
1.3
Federal Policy / Legislation
13
1.4
Environmental Impact Assessment EIA ACTS 86
14.
1.5
Forestry Law Cap 55, 1994
14
1.6
Regulatory Gazetted as Supplementary to NESREA
14
1.7
State Legislations
15
1.8
Applicable International Legal and Administrative Instruments,
16
1.9
Land Use Act
18
1.10
World Bank’s Safeguard Policies
19
3
Chapter Two
2.0
The design and design alternatives.
20
2.1
The 1st Alternative.
20
2.2
The 2nd Alternative.
20
2.3
The 3rd Alternative.
20
2.4
Recommended Aternative
20
Chapter Three
3.0
Description of Proposed Project and Justification
21
3.1
The Need for RAMP II in Niger State
21
3.2
Objectives
21
3.3
Project Coverage Area
21
3.4
Objectives and Scope of the ESIA
21
3.5
Reporting
23
3.6
The Project
24
3.7
Prioritized Roads / GPS
24
3.8
Existing Road Features
25
Chapter Four
4.0
Description of the Project Environment and Social Context
26
4.1
Description of Baseline Conditions
27
4.2
Baseline Environmental and Socio-Economic Condition.
27
4.2.1
Geographical Background
28
4.2.2
Weather and Climate
28
4.2.3
Rainfall
29
4.2.4
Temperature
30
4.3
Wind Speed and Direction
32
4.4
Relative Humility
32
4.5
Soil Composition
32
4
4.6
Water Resource
32
4.7
Samples of Soil and Water Analysis
33
4.8
Noise Level
39
4.9
Criteria Identified for Evaluation and Ranking
40
4.10
Criteria Justification
40
4.11
Summary of Potential Environmental Impact
43-58
4.12
Summary of Environmental and Socio- Economic Impact Assessment59
4. A
Physical Environment
59
4. B
Biological Environment
60
4. C
Socio-Economic Environment
60
4.13
Socio-Economy Survey
61
4.14
Meetings with the PAP Summary
65
Chapter Five
5.0
Potential Impacts of the Proposal Projects
70
6.0
Environmental and Social Management Plan
72
6.01
Mitigation Measures
73
6.02
ESMP and PAP
74
6.03
World Bank’s OP4.12 Guidelines
76
6.04
Entitlement Matrix
77
6.05
PAP Classification
78
6.06
ESMP Costing
79
Chapter Six
Chapter Seven
7.0
Summary of Recommendations.
5
81
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ESIA FOR DETAILED ENGINEERING SAFEGUARDS STUDIES AND PREPARATION OF
BIDDING DOCUMENTS FOR PRIORITIZED ROADS IN NIGER STATE. (RAMP II).
This is an interim Environmental and Social impact report for the detailed Engineering,
safeguards studies and preparation of Bidding Documents for prioritized Roads in Niger
State.
After the Inception Report, various field works were carried out to ascertain the
environmental setting in the Project Area. At this interim stage of the project, the purpose
of ESIA is to gather enough information on the Environment in the project Area such that
we can be in position to raise an early signal if the project proposal will have adverse effect
on Environment in the Project Area.
The objective of the project is to facilitate easy access to Socio-Economic Environment,
Biological Environment, easy access to Institution e.g. School, Health centre’s, access to
farms and sustainable transportation system.
Consultation with the necessary stakeholders including the communities in the Project Area
was carried out. An interaction with the communities on a project like this is however a
continuous exercise throughout the project gestation period. .
All available literature and data were collected and reviewed, this in conjunction with our
field work and consultation at the community level formed the bases for the ensuing
screening of the impact of the project on the immediate environment of the project area.
PROJECT ESTIMATED COST
1.
Kabo- Diko-Tafa
N226,644,863
-
23km
2.
Sabonwuse-Ijahgwari
N86,417,487
-
8km
3.
Suleja- Abuchi
N256,336,753
-
21km
4.
Wuya- Suman-Lemu
N316,572,282
-
30km
5.
Enagi-Guzan
N119,836,182
-
11km
6
6.
Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu
N331,521,750
-
43.8km
7.
Wawa-Malale
N151,437,312
-
22km
8.
Aunu-Tungajinka Shafini
N559,303,122
-
36km
The fieldwork and consultation covered the Area of influence of the listed Roads.
S/N
Road No
Road
Length
1.
19
Kabo-Diko- Tafa
24km
2.
18
Sabonwuse-Ijahgwari
8km
3.
11
Suleja-Abuchi
5km
4.
16
Wuya-Suman-Lemu
35km
5.
10
Enagi-Guzan
15KM
6.
4
Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu
44km
7.
9
Aunu-Tungajika- Shafini
32km
8.
3
Wawa-Malale
23km
Total
186km
The project falls into category B on the World Bank classification of the likelihood impact of
the project on the Environment or category II classification by the Federal Ministry of
Environment. Category B projects are projects with very little adverse impact on its
immediate environment and for which such impacts are completely reversible.
Our environmental screening, studies and consultation confirmed above and further
indicated that the project shall be of immense benefit, not only to the communities along
the project routes but also to all the communities in its area of influence.
We from the Environmental point of view will therefore entertain no fear in recommending
that the project should proceed.
7
BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION
1).
Nigeria is a Federal country with a high dependence on the Oil sector. The Federal
Republic of Nigeria comprises thirty-six states and one Federal Capital Territory
Sorted out in six geopolitical Zones. With an estimated population of 167 million,
Nigeria is the most populous Country in Africa and the seventh most populous in the
world. With an estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of US $1,541 per Capital in
2011, Nigeria could now be considered a lower middle income country. A decade
ago, per Capital GDP was about US $ 300. However, poverty remains a major
challenge with more than half of the total population earning less than US $ 1.25 A
DAY. The Nigeria economy is heavily dependent on the oil sector which accounts for
40 percent of GDP and 80% percent of Government earnings. Nigeria is the 12th
largest oil producer in the world, the 8th largest oil exporter and has the 1oth largest
proven oil reserves.
2).
Achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Nigeria will require a special
focus on rural poverty particularly through out the whole country, as well as
significant growth and productivity gains outside the oil sector. It is currently not
very certain if Nigeria will meet the set goals of the Millennium Development Goals.
In 2008, the poverty rate achieved was 54 percent compared to an objective of 31
percent in 2015. Poverty is particularly acute in rural Nigeria: more than half of the
population (54 percent) live in the country side and 63 percent of that population
earns a daily income which is below the poverty line. It can be inferred that almost
two thirds of the Nigerian poor live in rural areas. A significant difference can also be
observed between the north and the south, as well as a large heterogeneity across
states: over 75 percent of agricultural households in the north are poor while the
south-south geopolitical zone is just fairing a bit better, with Enugu 59 percent
having the highest rate for the south. The poorest Nigeria State, Jigawa has a
poverty rate of 91 percent compared to only 21 percent for Oyo which has the
lowest poverty rate.
3).
Agriculture – mostly subsistence-oriented, remains the backbone of Nigeria’s rural
economy. Although the Country is mostly known for being the biggest oil exporter in
Africa, in 2009 yet Agriculture represented about the same share as the oil sector in
the Nigerian economy (about 40 percent of GDP). Agriculture employs the bulk of
8
the labour force, with about 60% working in this sector. It is even as high as 90% in
the Rural Areas. In the sixties, Nigeria was the world’s largest exporter of
groundnuts, cocoa and palm oil and a significant producer of coconuts, citrus fruits,
corn, millet, cassava, yams and sugar cane. However, due to the oil boom which
shifted Government attention from Agriculture and low productivity, many small
farmers are today still heavily relying on subsistence agriculture to survive. A
modernization of the sector is needed, with the provision of incentives and means
for farmers to adopt better- technology, scale up from subsistence to commercial
agriculture, encourage Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in irrigation, and
Investment in related infrastructure, particularly roads and power.
4).
Lack of accessibility- caused by highly deteriorated infrastructure contributed
majorly to rural poverty and poor agricultural productivity. In 2007, it was estimated
that less than half of the rural population lived less than 4km away from an allweather road (rural accessibility index 47percent). Due to the lack of good and
properly maintained infrastructure, about 30 million Nigerians currently live in near
isolation and lack access to income – generating opportunities and social services.
Out of the country’s 160,000 km of primary, secondary and tertiary Roads, less than
10-15 percent can be considered in good condition. Deteriorated Roads increase
transport costs via high vehicle operation cost, which in turn affects access to
markets and services, ultimately resulting in lower productivity.
As a result of
isolation, insufficient connectivity and high transport costs, farmers have difficulties
sourcing and transporting key inputs (like seeds or fertilizers) to their farms and
evacuating their products to the local and regional markets. A significant part of
perishable products are lost or damaged in transit. In rural Nigeria, it is estimated
that poor transport infrastructure is responsible for 15-20 percent of the agriculture
production not reaching market. Lack of access also affects human capital, as poor
households cannot send their children to local schools nor access social services
provided in health or community centers.
5).
The ambitious “Nigeria Agriculture Transformation Agenda” (NATA) is being
designed by the Federal Government in order to boost the competitiveness of
selective high value crops. NATA is focusing on the promotion of a few high- value
crops such as rice, cassava, sorghum, palm oil, cocoa, aquaculture and livestock.
Key policies are aimed at:
9
i.
Reforming the fertilizer subsidy program in order to broaden its reach and to
make it more efficient and business-oriented;
ii.
Improving the agriculture investment framework in particular through the
development of seventeen staple cross processing zones (SCPZs)
iii.
Improving the marketing of agricultural products; and
iv.
Improving the institutional framework.
In order to achieve effective implementation of above programme, a sporadic
increase in the infrastructure stork (primary, secondary and tertiary) is greatly
required to enable connectivity between production areas, processing zones and the
markets. The World Bank has been actively partnering with FMA & RD to provide
support in finalizing the design of the NATA and to assist in its implementationwhile RAMP-2 is focusing exclusively on the issue of improving access in selected
Nigerian states, the proposed project is closely coordinated and fully aligned with
the other World Bank projects under implementation or preparation in the
agriculture section. A multi-sector World Bank team has been constituted in order
to handle the strategic dialogue in the agriculture sector and to support the
Government’s agenda in the most effective way.
Nigeria has a total road network consisting of about 194,000km of roads, out of
which 32100km Federal Roads are linking state capitals and major cities, 30900km
are State Roads while the bulk (132000km) belongs to the local Government and
the Rural Communities. While the bulk of the Federal allocation goes to the federal
and State government, only a paltry sum is allocated to the Local Government
making them completely incapable of executing any major Road construction nor
maintenance activities.
This in no small measure contributed to the poor condition of the Rural Roads,
making rural mobility from one place to the other very expensive.
The purpose of good road network in the rural sector is to access basic daily
necessities such as cottage industries, marriage ceremonies, education and health
facilities, funeral, social engagement, animal grazing, potable water, farm resources.
According to our reconnaissance survey carried out, we discovered that about 99%
of these rural roads are in deplorable condition and highly impassable in some area
10
due to collapsed of existing culverts where it is in existence. In some cases,
communities are connected by Timber bridges.
During rainy season, the entire settlements are cut off because of the poor condition
of these rural roads network.
The Nigeria Development sector strategy (2001) confirmed that the rural sector is
central to Nigeria’s development strategy. The development of the Nigeria Rural
Development Strategy was complemented by a similar effort to develop policies and
strategies to remove constraints, hardship poverty imposed by inadequate access
and mobility to rural areas.
V
Proponent (FMARD)
In view of the above scenario, the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) having
realized that rural infrastructural development is the key to rural economy
development and by extension, of the Nation; prepared the National Rural Travel
and Transport Programme (NRTTP) as an integral part of National Transportation
Policy. The Federal Ministry of Agriculture through the Federal project management
unit (FPMU) and Rural Access and Mobility Project are the implementation organs.
The Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) through the Federal Ministry of Finance
sought the assistance of World Bank and the FDA as Major Donor to meet the
funding of the implementation of (RTTP) on a short term basis.
The RTTP focuses on road network that gives access to easy circulation within the
earmarked geographical spread for improvement and rehabilitation and
maintenance within the next four years. This effort would provide for the required
support to achieve a sustainable rural development on a long term basis.
A prioritization exercise was carried out to select states and Roads within selected
States to benefit from this programme based on the success of RAMP1 and lesson
learnt in Kaduna State. Niger State came out as one of the selected four States and
the list of Roads prioritized in Niger State are as in Table 1.1
VI
RAMP II
11
The Rural Access Mobility Project (RAMP) will support this initiative through long
term performance based on awards of contracts including both rehabilitation
improvement and maintenance activities. In compliance with the Federal State
Laws of Nigeria and the World Bank’s safeguard policies, an Environmental and
Social Management Framework (ESMF) had been prepared for Niger State under
(RAMPII) in consonance with the requirement of National requirements of Nigeria
for EIA studies.
The objective of ESIA is to assess the anticipated environmental and social impacts /
Benefits during design, construction and operational phases of the project roads
under RAMPII in Niger State. Mitigation measures and management plan shall be
evolved as per the identified environmental / social impacts and benefits.
TABLE 1.1
RAMP II
Roads Details of Prioritized Roads in Niger State
Cluster
Name of Cluster
1
Wuya-Suman-lemu
Road 16
Enagi-Guzan Road 10
Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu
2
Kabo-Diko- Tafa.
Rd 19
Sabonwuse-Ijah
gwari Rd. 18
Suleja-Abuchi- Izom
Rd.11
3
Auna-TungajinkaShaffini Rd. 9
Wawa-Malale Rd. 3
No of Road
section
3
12
Total
Roads
length
of Road Type
40km
15km
26km
81km
Earth
Earth
Earth
3
28km
15km
21km
64km
Earth
Earth
Earth
2
32km
23km
55km
Earth
Earth
CHAPTER ONE
POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAME WORK
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Among the existing pieces of legislations there are a number of national and
international environmental guidelines applicable to the RAMP II project. These are
highlighted in this section.
1.1
ADMINISTRATION FRAMEWORK
In Nigeria, the power of regulation of all environment matters is vested in the
Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV), which was formerly Federal
Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) set up by Act 88, of 1988.
Nigeria subscribes to a number of international regulations and conventions relating
to environmental protection.
International Development Partners/ Agencies such as World Bank and other
financial organizations interested in development projects have sets of
environmental categorizations, assessments and management standards, which
must be complied with by project proponents before these institutions invest in
them.
1.2
RELEVANT REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS
Duty and responsibility for environmental protection and management related to
projects in various sectors of Nigerian economy are mandated under:

Current Federal, state and Local and relevant acts, rules, regulations and
standards, and the common law of the Federal Republic of Nigeria ( FRN)

International environmental agreements and treaties ratified by the Federal
Republic of Nigeria.

World Bank Policies
Below, an outline of some of the relevant regulatory instruments to this EIA is given
as they relate to the Federal, State and International arenas.
1.3
FEDERAL POLICY/ LEGISLATION
National Policy of Environment, 1989 (revised 1999) the thrust of the policy is the
achievement of sustainable development in Nigeria.
In the policy, guidelines and strategies are defined for securing for all Nigerians a
quality of environment adequate for their health and well-being; conserving and
using the natural resource for the benefit of present and future generations; raising
public awareness and promotion understanding of the essential linkages between
13
the environment, resources and development; and cooperation with other countries,
international organizations and agencies to achieve optimal use of trans-boundary
resources in order to preserve environmental resources.
1.4
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) ACTS 86, CAPE 12 LFN
2004.
*
Deals with the considerations of environmental impact in respect of public
and private projects.
SECTION 2 (1) requires an assessment of public or private project likely to have a
significant (negative) impact on the environment.
SECTION 2 (4) requires an application in writing to the Agency before embarking on
projects for their environmental assessment to determine approval.
SECTION 13 establishes cases where an EIA is required and SECTION 6 creates a
legal liability for contravention of any provision.
1.5
1.6
FORESTRY LAW CAP 55, 1994.
*
Prohibits any act that may lead to the destruction of or cause injury to any
forest product, forest growth or forestry property in Nigeria.
*
Prescribes the administrative framework for the management, utilization and
protection of forestry resources in Nigeria.
REGULATIONS GAZETTED AS SUPPLEMENTARY TO NESREA ACT
*
National Environmental (Soil Erosion and Flood Control) regulations, S.I. No.
12 of 2011
*
National Environmental (Surface and Ground Water Quality Control)
regulations, S.I. No. 22 of 2011.
*
National Environmental (Protection of wetlands, River Banks and Lake
Shores) Regulations, S.I. No. 26 of 2009.
*
National Environmental (Watershed, Mountainous, Hilly and Catchment Areas
Protection) Regulations, S.I. No. 27 of 2009.
*
National Environmental (Sanitation and Wastes Control) Regulations, S.I. No.
28 of 2009.
*
National Environmental (Noise Standards and Control) Regulations, S.I. No.
35 of 2009.
14
1.7
*
National Environmental (Control of Bush/ Forest fire and open Burning)
Regulations, S.I. No. 19 of 2011.
*
National Environmental (Protection of endangered species in International
Trade) Regulations, S.I. No. 16 of 2011.
*
National Environmental (Construction Sector) Regulations, S.I. No. 19 of
2011.
STATE LEGISLATIONS
In order to protect public health and safety, and to restore and enhance
environmental quality and sustain economic vitality through effective and efficient
implementation of Environmental Programmes, each State in Nigeria has state
ministries / EPA.
Inter alia, these are empowered by the respective state government to give
direction to all issues concerning the environment, monitor and control pollution and
the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the
states.
Some of their functions include:
(i)
Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, (FMENV) to achieve a
health or better management of the environment via development of national
policy on environment.
(ii)
Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates / Agencies in the
performance of environmental functions including environmental education /
awareness to the citizenry.
(iii)
Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards
(iv)
Responsibility for general environmental matters in the state, and
(v)
Monitoring the implementation of EIA studies and other environmental
studies for all development projects in the state.
Generally, state laws on environment are still in the evolving stages. Specifically, for
EA, the states rely on that of the Federal Government, the EIA ACT 86.
15
1.8
APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Some of the relevant international instruments to which Nigeria is a signatory
include:
*
Convention concerning the protection of the World cultural and natural
Heritage sites (World Heritage Convention) 1975.
*
United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (1992)
*
African Convention on the conservation of nature and natural resources
(1969)
Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (1979)
Agenda 21- United Nations Conference on Environment and development.
*
*
Relevant good practice guidelines/ policies in line with the World Bank process shall
be applied. This is more so since the proposed project is co-sponsored by the World
Bank.
16
Figure 1 Project Categorization
Category 1- A

Agriculture / Agro Allied

Fisheries

Forestry

Industries (Manufacturing)

Food, Beverages and Tobacco Processing:

Infrastructure
- Hospital with outfall into beach fronts
- Medium and heavy industrial estate
Covering 50 Ha or more;
-Expressways and National Highways
- New Township

Ports

Housing

Airport

Drainage and Irrigation

Railways

Transportation (Mass Rapid Transport Projects)

Resort and Recreation Development

Power Generation

Petroleum

Mining

Queries

Waste Treatment and Disposal

Water Supply

Land reclamation

Brewery
Category III- C
ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVE AREAS
 Coral Reefs;
 Mangrove Swamps
 Small Islands
 Tropical Rainforest
 Areas with erosion prone soils e.g.
mountain soils;
 Areas prone with desertification (
semiarid zone);
 Natural Conservation Area;
 Wetlands of national and international
importance;
 Area which harbor protected and or
endangered species;
 Areas of unique scenery;
 Areas of particular scientific interest;
 Areas of historic or archaeological
interest
 Areas of importance to threatened ethnic
groups.
If the project located or close to
Category II – B
Agriculture and Rural Development
 Any reforestation / a forestation projects;
 Small scale irrigation and drainage;
 Small scale aquaculture/ Mari culture;
 Saw milling wood logging;
 Rubber processing
 Any fish processing
 Any other Agro allied industry
Industry and Infrastructure
 Mini hydro power development;
 Any small scale industry development;
 Small scale power transmission;
 Any renewable energy development;
 Telecommunication facilities
 Rural water supply and sanitation
 Public facilities (school, hospitals and
housing) etc.
 Small scale development of petroleum or
related facilities;
 Road rehabilitation
 Any form of querying and mining
17
Then
But if the project involves
Category IV-D






Institutional Development
Health Program;
Family Planning Program;
Nutritional Program
Educational Program;
Environmental Awareness
1.9
LAND USE ACT
The legal basis for land acquisition and resettlement in Nigeria is the Land Use Act
1978 and modified in 1990. The following are selected relevant sections.
SECTION 1: Subject to the provision of this Act, all land comprised in the territory
of each state in the federation are hereby rested in the Governor of each state and
such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and common benefit of
all Nigerians in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
SECTION 2: All land in urban areas shall be under the control and management of
the Governor of each state; and (b) all other land shall be under the control and
management of the local Government within the area of jurisdiction in which the
land is situated.
Therefore, according to the Land Use Act, all land in Nigeria is vested in the
Governor of each state, and shall be held in trust for the use and common benefit of
all people. The administration of land area is divided into urban land, which will be
under the control and management of the Governor of each state; and non-urban
land, which will be under the control and management of the local Government. The
Governor of each state will have the right to grant statutory rights of occupancy to
any person or any purpose, and the local Government will have the right to grant
customary rights of occupancy to any person or organization for agricultural
residential and other purposes.
18
1.10 WORLD BANK’S SAFEGUARD POLICIES
S/NO
I.
Operational Policies
Status of Triggering
Rational
OP.4.01
Triggered
Moderate Impacts
Triggered
Moderate Impacts
Not Triggered
N/A
Triggered
Potential Impacts on
Cultural Resources
Environmental Assessment
II.
OP.4.04
Natural Habitants
III.
OP.4-09
Pest Management
IV.
OP.4-11
Physical Culture Resources
V.
OP.4-36 Forest
Not Triggered
N/A
VI.
OP.4-37
Not Triggered
N/A
Not Triggered
N/A
Triggered
Potential Social
Impacts
Not Triggered
N/A
Not Triggered
N/A
Triggered
Policy Requirement
Safety of Dams
VII.
OP.4-10
Indigenous People
VIII.
OP.4-12
Involuntary Resettlement
IX.
OP.7-50
International Waterways
X.
OP.7-60
Disputed Area
XI.
Access to Ibformation Policy
19
CHAPTER TWO
2
The design Alternatives:
In consonance with the Terms of Reference, only Earth Road design options were
considered with different maintenance strategies.
Serviceability of Earth Roads
depends to a very large extent on the level of maintenance accorded the Road during its
service years and beyond. It also depends on the capacity of the Road Agencies to keep
funding and managing the required maintenance exercise. There is the growing initiative that
the maintenance of these earth Roads be community based. This is a major shift from the
traditional mode whereby the Road Agencies (Federal/Donors, State or Local Government)
alone is responsible for the maintenance of these Roads.
The implication is that the community which is the beneficiary will now participate actively
in the maintenance activities. This no doubt calls for capacity building both at this level and
the Road Agency level.
The road maintenance activities that were considered along with the design options can be
divided into three basic maintenance activities, namely (1) The Routine Maintenance (2) The
recurrent Maintenance and (3) The Periodic maintenance. The design options considered had
been mainly on the Road pavement design as the Road alignment had been taken to closely
follow the existing alignment within the corridor and as a result there is no realignment of the
route. Three design alternatives were considered and these are: Earth Road, Earth Road with
Soil Aggregate surfacing and Earth Road with dust Palliatives.
2.1
The 1st Design alternative:
This is an Earth Road with 150mm thick lateritic sub base and 150mm thick lateritic base
with a maintenance schedule of grading wetting and rolling twice a year in addition to the
regular routine maintenance. It is expected that the 1st grading will be before the beginning of
the raining season while the 2nd Grading will be at the end of the raining season. The routine
maintenance on the other hand shall consist of cleaning of Drains, cutting grass on the verge
and slopes of embankment, desilting of culverts, filling of minor pot holes and wetting of the
Road to abate dust.
2.2
The 2nd Design alternative:
The 2nd alternative is also an earth Road with 300mm thick lateritic pavement but with the
top 50mm consisting of well compacted and graded Soil Aggregate. The maintenance
schedule shall consist of regular routine maintenance, grading, wetting and rolling once in a
year.
2.3
The 3rd Design alternative:
This is also an Earth Road with 300mm thick lateritic pavement but with the top 25mm layer
impregnated with dust Palliatives. The maintenance schedule shall include regular routine
maintenance, grading wetting and rolling, including replacement of the palliatives every year.
2.4
Recommendation:
An economic analysis of the three design alternatives had been carried out and on the basis of
this analysis, the 2nd design alternative had been recommended for the project.
20
CHAPTER THREE
Description of Proposed Project and Justification
3.0
The Need for Ramp2 in Niger state
Justification
The existing condition of the above mentioned roads are in deplorable state which
makes transportation highly difficult for the communities settlers.
The road width measurement on these roads varies from one point to the other that
is 4.0 metres to 8. 0 metres (width of road) due to encroachment of bush, and
washing off of surface soil due to erosion in places where measurement is low.
These roads serve as the major economic carriage way of the rural settlers to have
access to Local Market, Farm, Education and Health facilities. The improvement of
these prioritized roads is required to reduce vehicle operating cost and enhance the
socio economy status of the rural communities in the area of influence of the Roads.
3.1
OBJECTIVES
ESIA Rural/Feeder
Generally, Roads upgrading/ rehabilitation and maintenance may have certain
triggers of the following operational policies of World Bank.


Environmental Assessment (OP.401 and BP. 4.01)
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP/412)
In view of the aforementioned, FEPA, by decree N0 58 of 1988 was created by the
military government of Nigeria and formalized its functions by degree No 59 in 1992.
These two documents are known as Federal Environmental Protection Agency Act
and demands all development project under the categories must be accompanied by
ESIA.
3.2
Project Coverage Area
The project is located in Niger State, Nigeria. The state shares boundaries with the
Federal Capital Territory Abuja and Kaduna state to the south east and east
respectively Kebbi and Zamfara states to the North, Kwara and Kogi States to the
south and Benin Republic in the east.
The existing width of the Roads in the three clusters ranges from 4.0 to 6.0 metres.
21
The proposed right of way (Row) is put at 9.0metres in width in the country and
6.0m within the villages. Efforts will be gain towards identification of physical
sociological and social protected areas in order not to tamper with it. The project
map is presented in fig. 2.1.
3.3
Objectives and scope of the ESIA study
The objective of ESIA report is to identify the potential environmental and social
impacts of the proposed project, measures and formulate strategies to
avoid/mitigate the negative impacts and enhance the positive impacts. The scope of
work to accomplish the above objective, comprise the following.






3.4
Understanding baseline environmental conditions in the study area.
Identification of the potential environmental impact due to proposed project
activity;
Recommending appropriate mitigation measures to avoid/minimize the negative
environment and social impacts;
Assessment of possible environmental and social benefits from the project;
Preparation of a management plan and administrative framework to minimize the
negative impacts; and,
Preparation of a monitoring and evaluation (M & E) program to monitor the
negative and positive impact on the baseline Environment condition as well as on
the overall socio-economic structures of the project study area during
construction and operational phase of the project.
Reporting
The scope for preparation of the ESIA report includes screening, impact assessment
and management plans towards minimizing the possible environmental and social
impacts for the entire project road as required. The ESIA report also includes
development of a comprehensive environmental and social management plan and
administrative frame work.
The current screening exercise determines the extent of the baseline study
requirement, while the draft final will give details of necessary in-depth baseline
study, additional public consultation and feedback.
22
locations of these Roads are marked out in the Location Map below.2.
Map of Clusters 1, 2, &3
Niger State Ramp II
23
3.5
The Project
The prioritized roads which fall across the following L.G.A of Niger State are
considered for improvement under RAMP II.
S/N
L.G.A
1.
Gbako
2.
Edati
3.
ROUTE
DISTANCE
Wuya-SumanLemu
4okm
Enagi-Guzan
15km
Mokwa
Mokwa-Jaagi-Kudu
26km
4.
Gurara
Diko-Kabo-Tafa
28km
5.
Tafa
Sabonwuse-Ijah
gwari
15km
Suleja-Abuchi-Izom
21km
Auna-TingajungaShaffini
50km
Wawa-Malale
23km
6.
Emirate Suleja
7.
Magama
8.
Borgu
24
TABLE II
3.6
Prioritized Rural Roads for RAMP in Niger State
S/N
LGA
Route/Site
1.
2.
Borgu
Mokwa
3.
Magama
4.
Edati
Wawa-Malale
Mokwa-JaagiKudu
AunaTungajinkaShafini
Enagi-Guzan
5.
Gbako
6.
Tafa
7.
Gurara
8.
Suleja
Total
3.7
Wuya
Suman-Lemu
Sabon-WuseIjahgwari
Kabo-DikoTafa
Abuchi-Suleja
GPS Co-ordinates
(start)
Easting Northing
0654760
1095344
0726433
1028011
GPS Co-ordinates
(end)
Easting
Northing
0663985
1113859
0757893
1025173
0688508
1126879
0691986
0779965
1009864
0815203
Distance
Type of
Surface
Km
23
26.5
From
Wawa
Mokwa
Earth
Earth
1094131
50
Auna
Earth
0778634
0995874
15
Guzan
1011784
0173619
1035903
40
305860
1028741
311021
1022191
15
WuyaSuman
Wuse
Surfaced
dressed/
Earth
Earth
303363
1025492
299991
1040505
28
Kabo
Earth
299530
1015541
299530
1015541
5
202.5
Suleja
Earth
Earth
Existing Road Features
*
Terrain:
The existing terrain is flat plain and rocky. There are some horizontal and
vertical curves along the project roads. Steep gradient was identified on
Suleja Abuchi Road while steep valley was also identified along Abuchi and
Izom in the Emirate of Suleja Local Government Area.
*
Settlements:
Some of the Settlement areas are mostly rural such as: Tesemasuko,
Gwaban, Essam, Patita, Gbodoti, Gbadafu, Eppa, Knanyigma, Iwa, Sulu,
Chimbi, Nyajuva, etc.
*
Carriage Way and (ROW):
The existing road width of the study area varies from 5.0 metres to 6.0
metres. The Row has been defined by the existing alignment.
*
Pavement or Road Surface:
As at the time of our visit, the road surface was eroded which rendered
transportation and accessibility very difficult.
*
Drainage: The general condition of drainage system is very poor, blocked or
silted, eroded by erosion.
*
Land Use: The general land use of the study area is residential and
Agriculture.
25
3.8
Traffic: The traffic surveys that were carried out showed that low traffic volume of
less than 100 vpd were recorded and mostly motorcycle.
3.9
Proposed Road Features:
The proposed road alignment is put at 6.0metres wide and the following
components were designed according to specification.
3.10 Shoulder: width- 1.0 metre with a 4% camber to facilitate drainage of carriageway
3.11 Design Speed: The designed speed is put at 50km/hr.
3.12 Geometric Design Aspects: All geometric design parameters had been designed
as per the Terms of Reference (TOR) and relevant Federal Ministry of Works
Highway Manual 2006 revised edition.
26
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Description of the Project Environment and Social Context
4.1
Description of Baseline Conditions: This aspect of the project was carried out in
line with the World Bank policies and FEPA act of Nigeria. The study includes:
screening, consultation and disclosure
Step I
Reconnaissance survey was carried out between 16th February, 18th February 2012
and 14th March 2012 by the consultant and state SPIU.
The FMOE was also contacted to know the existing relevant section of its policy and
legal framework as ESIA is concerned in Niger State.
Step II
The following matters were discussed:


-
ESIA process in Nigeria
Whether the rural road development requires detailed EIA study in Nigeria
Issue of protected area such as (PCR), National park, forest reserve in the study
area were also discussed
And project implementation framework.
Step III
4.1
Site/Field works
Field survey was carried out in all the two hundred kilometers prioritized roads
under RAMP II in Niger State. The field survey covered the three clusters as earlier
listed in this report.
Study of the roads alignment to identified critical road sections such as steep terrain
carried out. The site photographs are provided in the Annexure.
The existing project roads are earth road with varying width between 4.0m and
6.0m. There exist gullies in some places. Natural vegetation about 20% and
Agricultural lands about 80% were seen at both sides of the road throughout the
whole length of the 200km Road.
27
The ROWS of the roads are being encroached by weeds/bush and Artisan’s Stalls in
some places. Trees Yielding fruits such as mango, cashew, locust bean etc. forms
the Aesthetic of these Roads.
Step IV
In all the roads clusters, public consultations were made. Interaction was carried
along the routes to receive their opinion, observation and suggestions if any.
The following centres were the venue
1. Cluster (1)
2. Cluster (2)
3. Cluster (3)
-
Mokwa – kudu
Tafa, Sabonwuse Ijahgwari – Suleja Abuchi
Shafini and Tungan JIka
Feedback was collated for the enhancement of this report.
4.2
Baseline Environmental and socio-economic condition
4.2.1
Geographical Background of the study area
Niger state was created on February 3rd, 1976 from the then north western state
when it was subdivide into Niger and Sokoto states by the Administration of Late
General Murtala Muhammed (Rtd.). Niger state currently comprises twenty five
local government areas with an area of 76,363/km2 of land area.
Niger state lies between longitudes 4.00E and 7.00E, latitudes 11.00N and 800N
getting to as high as 41 degree Celsius.
4.2.2
Weather and climate
There are two seasons annually in Niger state and Nigeria in general, wet season
and dry season. The wet season generally starts from April and extends till
October. The dry season last from November to March and the weathers are hot
at this time.
28
4.2.4
Rainfall
Rainfall characteristics vary indirectly with latitudinal location but directly with the
location of the ITD and monsoon initiated winds.
The mean annual rainfall in the Northern part of Nigeria varies between 150cm
and 200.cm in Niger State. Between July and August, Niger State recorded its
highest rainfall yearly. Harmattan usually takes place between the months of
November and February as a result of the harmattan winds.
29
Figure II
RAINFALL CMM
250
200
200
150
150
150
100
100
100
80
80
50
50
50
30
10
10
0
JAN
FEB MARCH APRIL
MAY
JUNE
Source: NIMMET
30
JULY AUG
SEP OCT NOV DEC
4.2.5
Temperature
Between July and August the honest temperature of 26.40C was recorded.
Between February and March, the highest temperature of 38.70c and 40.80c was
recorded.
Fig. 4.2.5 refers please.
TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE CELSIUS
33.9
40.8
38.7
37.6
33.5
37.4
36.8
32.2
30.8
30
26.4
JAN
FEB
MARCH
APRIL MAY
JUNE
Fig. III
Source: NIMMET
31
JULY
26.4
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV DEC
4.3
WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION
The mean annual wind speeds vary between a narrow range of 4.0 and 6.2m/s.
Speeds are higher between July and August, the period of August break. Conversely
at the peak of the rainy season in September and October, wind speeds are lowest,
measuring between 4.1 and 4.2 m/s.
According to the statistics available for the last ten years the prevalent wind
directions is South-Westerly. Often the South-Westerly dominates the wetter period
of the year in the area while North-Easterlies dominate the direr season.
4.4
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Relative humidity is usually in excess of 70% especially during the peak of the wet
season. Highest values of 78% occur in June to October and the lowest value of 57%
was recorded in February.
4.5
ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE
Atmosphere pressure is highest around November with 58.36hpa and lowest in
August with 51.83hpa.
4.6
SOIL COMPOSITION
The soil composition include sandy clay soil underlying the top loamy soil, the alluvia
soil nature allow the practice of Agriculture to be highly positive. Generally, the soil
grows largely yam, cassava, fruits, legumes etc.
4.7
WATER RESOURCE
Samples of both surface and ground water were collected and details of the analysis
are shown in the table here under.
32
SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Location
PH
25oc
EC
(µs/
cm)
Clay
(%)
Silt
(%)
Sand
(%)
LEMU-WUYA
SUMAN
6.45
51.9
10.91
10.08
80.10
ENAGI
GUZAN
6.43
51.8
10.81
7.07
MOKWA
JAAGI-KUDU
5.6
11.5
9.00
DIKKO
KABO TAFA
6.71
10.7
SABO-WUSE
IJAHGWARY
6.71
SULEJA
ABUGA
IZOM
AUNATUNG
A JINGA
SHAFFINI
Class
(USDA
texture
class)
Bulk
Density
(g/cm3)
Water
Holding
Capacity
(mn/cm
)
Sodium
(meq/100q
)
Potassiu
m (meq/
100q)
Calcium
meq/100q
Magnesium
meq/100q
Nitrogen
content
(mg/kg
Phosphate
(mg/kg)
Total
organic
matter
(%)
Sandy
loam clay
1.29
1.22
1.10
0.33
2
3.30
30.3
609
2.5
81.00
Sandy
loam clay
1.23
1.26
1.10
0.37
2.01
3.30
30.6
552
2.51
1.02
80.4
Sandy
loam clay
1.02
1.21
1.29
1.02
2.02
2.30
31.0
220.6
3.5
4.11
7.34
83.00
Sandy
loam clay
1.43
1.27
1.45
0.45
2.00
3.31
36.8
258
3.5
8.6
11.3
5.95
80
Sandy
loam clay
1.39
1.51
0.55
1.25
2.81
1.35
40.0
223.3
3.22
6.61
11.2
1.3
19.0
81
Sandy
loam clay
1.46
1.39
0.43
3.6
4.5
4.79
70.0
320.5
4.25
6.34
8.4
1.2
17.5
81.3
Sandy
loam clay
1.424
1.36
0.47
5
5.06
4.97
75.6
325.8
3.65
33
WAWA
MALALE
6.49
8.6
1.7
13.5
81
Sandy
loam clay
1.4
2.0
0.4
4.5
5.11
4.93
75.5
314.5
3.61
MEAN
5.59
20.4
5.04
10.2
80.98
Sandy
loam clay
18.52
18.2
0.85
2.07
3.19
3.53
48.7
352.96
3.34
MIN
5.6
8.4
1.2
1.02
80
Sandy
loam clay
1.02
1.21
0.4
0.33
2
1.35
30.3
220.6
2.5
MAX
6.71
51.9
10.91
19.0
83.00
Sandy
loam clay
1.46
13.6
1.45
4.5
5.11
4.97
75.6
609
4.25
34
WATER SAMPLE ANALYSIS SURFACE.
Location
PHO
25oC
Cond
uctivi
ty
(µ.s/
cm)
TDS
(mg/1)
Salinity
(PSU)
DO
(mg/1)
(mg/1)
Alkalinity
Total
nasdnes
s
mg/1asc
dos
Chloride
(mg/1)
Sulphate
(mg/1)
Phosphate
(ma/1)
Nitrate
(mg/1 as
No3)
Calcium
(mq/1)
Magnesium
(mq/1)
Copper
(mg/1)
Zinc
mg/1
Iron
mg/1
LEMU-WUYA
SUMAN
8.6
1128
539
1.5
3.3
51.6
279
268
411
3.4
41.1
70.05
27
<0.001
0.42
0.091
ENAGI
GUZAN
9.50
1121
525
1.55
4.1
61.2
265
270
425
3.53
46.9
61.05
22.4
<0.001
0.48
0.0065
MOKWA
JAAGI-KUDU
7.39
169
85
1.1
4
10.8
55
48.1
49
1.37
8.43
5.13
12.36
<0.001
0.17
0.18
DIKKO KABO
TAFA
7.12
645
335
0.52
3.1
64.3
265
309
413
3.49
44.18
62.79
21.5
<0.001
0.64
0.049
SABO-WUSE
IJAHGWARY
8.01
859
346
0.65
4.2
63.8
278
310.5
420
3.46
41.76
64.73
23
<0.001
0.52
0.20
SULEJA
ABUGA IZOM
7.29
272
127
1.3
4.3
45.9
52.1
42.8
33.4
2.31
1.27
5.16
11.24
<0.001
0.07
0.089
AUNA TINGA
JINGASHAFINI
7.47
1119
337
0.2
4.7
52.8
278
266
439
3.41
41.2
70.12
24.05
<0.001
0.45
0.071
WAWA
MALALE
8.61
1100
535
0.51
5.6
61.2
337
279
510
3.51
46.8
61.19
22.5
<0.001
0.55
0.18
MEAN
7.99
801.6
353.6
0.92
4.16
51.5
226.1
224.2
337.6
3.1
33.96
49.39
20.51
<0.001
0.41
0.116
MIN
7.12
169
85
0.2
3.1
10.8
52.1
48.1
33.4
1.37
1.27
5.13
21.5
<0.001
0.07
0.18
MAX
9.50
1128
539
1.55
5.6
63.8
337
310.5
510
3.53
46.9
70.12
27
<0.001
0.64
0.091
35
WATER ANALYSIS GROUND WATER.
Location
PHO
25oC
EC
(µs/
cm)
TDS
(mg/1)
Salinity
(PSU)
Colony
(TCU)
TSS
(mg/1)
REDOX
(MV)
Turbidit
y (NTU)
DO
(mg/1)
BOD
(mg/1)
COD
(mg/1)
Alkalinity
(mg/1)
Sulphide
(mq/1)
Sulphate
(mg/1)
LEMU-WUYA
SUMAN
7.73
108.1
50
0.1
9.6
3
-10
5.6
3.9
<1
5
16
<0.006
55
ENAGI
GUZAN
7.61
112.3
54
0.19
9.1
3.2
-12
6.12
6.2
<1
6
16.2
<0.006
54.6
MOKWA
JAAGI-KUDU
7.82
110.3
57
0.08
9.12
4.4
-11
6.3
6.5
<1
5
44.2
<0.006
53.62
DIKKO KABO
TAFA
7.65
5.8
250
1.3
8.9
1.3
-10
30.4
2.9
13
4
16.15
<0.008
70
SABO-WUSE
IJAHGWARY
7.66
5.5
241
0.2
9.2
15
-102
32
3.4
14
61
58.4
<0.008
72.6
SULEJA
ABUGA IZOM
7.46
101.0
40
0.14
50
4
-74
4.71
4.64
<1
63
58
<0.006
54
AUNA TINGA
JINGASHAFINI
7.57
94.1
44
0.11
52
3
-80
4.51
3.9
<1
54
11.3
<0.006
53
WAWA
MALALE
7.77
276
132.5
0.13
14.2
4
-28
4.89
4.8
<1
55
11.9
<0.006
52
MEAN
7.66
101.6
108.6
0.28
20.3
4.7
-40.9
11.8
4.53
<1
31.6
29.1
<0.006
58.1
MIN
7.46
5.5
40
0.1
8.9
1.3
-10
4.51
2.9
<1
4
11.3
<0.006
52
MAX
7.82
276
241
0.19
52
15
-102
32
6.5
<1
63
58.4
<0.006
72.6
36
PARAMETERS
Iron
Mg/1
Cadmium
mg/1
Lead
(mg/1)
Chromiu
m (mg/1)
Manganes
e (mg/1)
Vanadiu
m(mg/1)
Arsenic
(mg/1)
Mercury
(mg/1)
Nickel
(mg/1)
Barium
(mg/1)
Total
Heterotrop
hic
Bacteria
Total
Coalitions
E.Coli
LEMU-WUYA
SUMAN
0.5
0.0016
0.0022
0.08
0.033
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.126
<0.006
168
ND
ND
ENAGI GUZAN
0.5
0.0018
0.0022
0.09
0.034
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.132
<0.006
172
ND
ND
MOKWA
JAAGI-KUDU
0.42
0.0018
0.0024
0.087
0.036
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.136
<0.006
160
ND
ND
DIKKO KABO
TAFA
0.13
0.0027
0.0036
0.2
0.076
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.193
<0.006
1212
ND
ND
SABO-WUSE
IJAHGWARY
0.146
0.005
0.0036
0.1
0.075
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.195
<0.006
1239
ND
ND
SULEJA
ABUGA IZOM
0.433
0.0015
0.0032
0.13
0.089
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.36
<0.006
60
ND
ND
AUNA TINGA
JINGASHAFINI
0.53
0.0016
0.0027
0.14
0.015
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.36
<0.006
31
ND
ND
WAWA
MALALE
0.086
0.0012
0.0026
0.09
0.016
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.1
<0.006
106
ND
ND
MEAN
0.34
0.0022
0.0028
0.12
0.056
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.25
<0.006
393.5
ND
ND
MIN
0.5
0.0005
0.0022
0.1
0.015
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.1
<0.006
31
ND
ND
MAX
0.433
0.0027
0.0036
0.087
0.089
<0.006
<0.006
<0.006
0.195
<0.006
1239
ND
ND
37
PARAMETERS
PHO
Mg/1
LEMU-WUYA
SUMAN
0.53
ENAGI GUZAN
Nitrate
mg/1as
Nos
Chlorid
e(mg/
1)
Ammonia
(mg/1)
Total
hardness
(mg/1) as
Cacaos
Sodium(
mg/1)
Potassiu
m (mg/1)
Calcium
(mg/1)
Magnesi
um
(mg/1)
Total
Organic
Carbon
(mg/1)
Oil &
Grease
(mg/1)
Copper
(mg/1)
Zinc (mg/1)
0.5
40.5
<0.01
48
39.5
3.2
6.14
8.3
1.1
<0.006
0.14
0.068
0.61
0.39
38
<0.01
43
35.8
3.3
6.11
8.25
1.12
<0.006
0.14
0.079
MOKWA
JAAGI-KUDU
0.74
0.51
41.3
<0.05
40
36.7
3.61
6.12
8.15
1.14
<0.006
0.04
0.09
DIKKO KABO
TAFA
1.96
0.44
165.8
<0.05
118
109.1
6.9
20.02
14.95
18.2
<0.006
0.055
0.189
SABO-WUSE
IJAHGWARY
1.98
0.45
168.1
<0.066
114.8
111.3
7.8
20.04
14
8.4
<0.006
0.054
0.168
SULEJA
ABUGA IZOM
0.56
4.85
45.3
<0.01
21.9
39.65
2.5
3.6
2.66
8.4
<0.006
0.026
0.159
AUNA TINGA
JINGASHAFINI
0.57
4.83
39.6
<0.01
23
40
4.5
3.6
1.79
1.4
<0.006
0.033
0.155
WAWA
MALALE
0.68
0.50
43.9
<0.01
80.5
48.2
3.6
4.9
10.73
1.4
<0.006
0.034
0.041
MEAN
0.95
1.56
72.8
<0.022
61.2
57.5
4.4
8.82
8.6
5.1
<0.006
0.06
0.12
MIN
0.53
0.5
38
<0.001
21.9
35.8
2.5
3.6
8.3
1.1
<0.006
0.04
0.04
MAX
1.98
4.85
168.1
<0.066
118
111.3
7.8
20.04
14.95
18.2
<0.006
0.055
0.189
38
4.8
Noise
The noise level is presented in the figure 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
Enagi Guzan
Lat
6.57
Long
6.54
Wuya-SumanLemu
Lat
7.8
Long
6.73
Mokwa- JaagiKudu
Lat
10.7
Long
7.57
Kabo-Diko-Tafa
Lat
10.6
Long
7.45
41.4
52.8
46.8
52.1
58.2
60.8
40.5
42.3
5.
SabowuseIjahgwari
N.A
N.A
53.8
64.3
6.
Suleja-AbuchiIzom
Lat
5.56
38.1
47.7
Long
6.54
Auna-Tinga
Junga-Shaffini
Lat
6.55
47.3
52.5
Long
5.45
Wawa Malale
Lat
7.67
41.6
54.6
Long
4.08
7.
8.
39
4.9
Criteria identified for Evaluation and Ranking
For the purpose of using MCA for evaluating and ranking the prioritized road
projects, the following criteria have been identified:
1. The Social Criteria: These include estimated population of settlements
located along each route, number of health facilities and schools to be served
by each identified or selected road project.
2. Economic Criteria: These include number of markets and cottage industries
that are found along or connected by each link.
3. Accessibility Criteria: These include average cost of transportation per
kilometer, the average journey time per kilometer or average speed and road
density within the Local Government in which each link is located. However,
due to limited data, road density and cost of transportation per kilometer are
used in this analysis.
4.10 Criteria Justification
The selection of the social criteria is justified on the fact that the objective of the
rural accessibility project is to alleviate poverty through the improvement of
access of rural populace to social facilities and services such as health and
education. In the case of economic criteria, this is justified on the ground that
rural road improvement has economic empowerment effects of the rural
populace as one of the cardinal objectives of RAMP. Accessibility criteria are
included in order to determine level of accessibility problem as it affects different
localities in Niger State. Areas with lower accessibility can be accorded higher
priority and be assigned higher scores. Table IV shows the selected roads and
the identified criteria for their evaluation.
Table IV Criteria for Road Evaluation and Ranking
S/N
Route
Name
Estimated
Road
No of
No of
Transportation
Population Density
Market
Health
cost per Km in
per km
within Connected Facilities
Naira
LGA
Connected
1.
WawaMalale
2200
0.282
2
3
11.5
2.
MokwaJaagiKudu
3813
0.258
2
2
13.3
3.
AunaTunga
Jinka
Shafini
1898
0.334
2
3
11.3
40
4.
EnagiGuzan
4533
0.302
1
3
13.1
5.
Wuya
SumanLemu
1580
0.198
2
4
23.5
6.
KaboDikoTafa
980
0.212
3
3
30
7.
SabonWuseIjahgwari
3864
0.274
2
4
15.8
8.
SulejaAbuchi
4823
0.345
2
5
25.8
41
Local Government Areas, Headquarters, Population and Population
Density of Niger State.
S/NO
Local
Government
Area
Headquarters
Land
Area
(km2)
Population
Population
Density
1.
Edati
Enagi
779
160,321
206
2.
Gbako
Lemu
1915
127,466
67
3.
Mokwa
Mokwa
3791
244,937
65
4.
Tafa
Wuse
241
83,544
347
42
Table V
SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
DIKKO-KABO-TAFFA ROAD
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASON
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
b
c
a
The more the erosion potentials and slopes
the higher the sensitivity
2.
RESETTLEMENT
b
c
a
The higher the population density the higher
the sensitivity.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
a
c
b
The higher the number of cultural heritages,
the higher the sensitivity.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
c
a
b
The more the critical natural habitat or
protected areas. The higher the sensitivity.
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
c
b
a
The higher the need for dense road, the
higher the sensitivity.
43
SABONWUSE IJAGWARI ROAD
CRITERIA
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASON
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
b
c
a
The lower the erosion potentials, the lower
the sensitivity.
2.
RESETTLEMENT
b
c
a
The lower the population density, the lower
the sensitivity.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
a
c
b
Sensitivity diminishes as there are no cultural
heritage.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
a
c
b
Sensitivity
diminishes
as
there
are
no
protected habitat but little natural habitat.
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
c
b
a
Sensitivity diminishes as there is no need for
dense road network.
44
SULEJA – ABUCHI – IZOM ROAD
CRITERIA
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASON
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
a
c
b
Sensitivity is high as a result of the rocky
terrain.
2.
RESETTLEMENT
c
b
a
Sensitivity is low due to low population
density.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
a
c
b
Sensitivity is low due to little or no cultural
heritage.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
a
c
b
Sensitivity is low as a result of non-existence
of natural habitat and protected areas.
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
b
c
a
Sensitivity is high as a result of the rock
terrain.
45
WUYA – SUMAN – LEMU ROAD
CRITERIA
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASONS
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
b
c
a
The
more
the
slope,
the
higher
the
sensitivity.
2.
RESETTLEMENT
c
b
a
The higher the population density the higher
the sensitivity.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
a
c
b
Sensitivity increases when cultural habitat is
known.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
a
c
b
Sensitivity
increases
as
critical
natural
habitats are available.
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
a
b
c
From
dens
increases.
46
road
network
sensitivity
ENAGI - GUZAN ROAD
CRITERIA
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASON
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
b
c
a
The lower the erosion potential, the lower
the sensitivity.
2.
RESETTLEMENT
b
c
a
The lower the population density, the lower
the sensitivity.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
c
a
b
The higher the number of cultural heritage,
the higher the sensitivity.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
a
c
b
The more the critical natural habitat, the
higher the sensitivity.
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
b
c
a
The higher the need for dense roads, the
higher the sensitivity.
47
MOKWA – KUDU – JAAGI ROAD
CRITERIA
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASON
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
b
c
a
The higher the erosion potentials the higher
the sensitivity.
2.
RESETTLEMENT
c
b
a
The lower the population density, the lower
the sensitivity.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
c
a
b
The higher the number of cultural heritage,
the higher the sensitivity.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
c
a
b
The sensitivity increases with the existence
of natural habitats.
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
a
c
b
The sensitivity increases with the need for
dense road network.
48
WAWA – MALALE ROAD
CRITERIA
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASON
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
b
c
a
High sensitivity as a result of presence of
erosion potentials.
2.
RESETTLEMENT
b
c
a
Low sensitivity as a result of non-existence
of resettlement population.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
a
c
b
Low sensitivity due to the non-existence of
cultural heritage.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
c
a
b
High sensitivity due to existence of natural
habitat
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
b
c
a
High sensitivity due to the need for dence
road network.
49
SHAFFINI-TUNGA-AUNA ROAD
CRITERIA
1.
SOIL STABILITY/EROSION
SENSITIVITY
REASON
LOW
MEDIUM
HIGH
b
c
a
High sensitivity as there is presence of erosion
potentials.
2.
RESETTLEMENT
b
c
a
Low sensitivity due to the non-existence of
resettled population.
3.
CULTURAL HERITAGE
a
c
b
Low sensitivity as a result of non existence of
cultural heritage.
4.
NATURAL HABITATS
a
b
c
Medium sensitivity as there are some natural
habitat available.
5.
INJUCED DEVELOPMENT
c
b
a
High sensitivity as a result of the need for a bye
pass at Shaguwa Village.
50
Table V
SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
DIKKO – KABA – TAFFA ROAD
1.
2.
MAINTENANCE
REHABILITATION
NATURE OF WORK
YES
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
√
NO
SCALE
REASONS
5
There is need for routine and
in working conditions. All of the work is done
periodic maintenance scheme
on the existing platform
on the existing right of way.
Bringing
existing
deteriorated
road
to
√
5
There is need for
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
rehabilitation of deteriorated
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
roads.
additional land acquisition is needed
3.
IMPROVEMENTS
Improving road specifications most of the work
√
3
There is need for the
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
improvement of road
land acquisition may be needed
specifications but without
additional land acquisition.
4.
UPGRADING
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather,
secondary
to
primary).
√
1
Land
or altering the road
acquisition is needed in most cases.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
land acquisition is needed.
There is no need for changing
categories.
√
1
-
No new projects,
-
No new alignments
-
Land acquisition
not required
51
SABO – WUSE – IJAH – GWAYI ROAD
1.
2.
3.
MAINTENANCE
REHABILITATION
IMPROVEMENTS
NATURE OF WORK
YES
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
√
NO
SCALE
REASONS
5
Periodic
maintenance
on
in working conditions. All of the work is done
existing platform right of way
on the existing platform
is necessary
Bringing
existing
deteriorated
road
to
√
5
Rehabilitation of the existing
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
deteriorated roads are
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
necessary for effective
additional land acquisition is needed
accessibility
Improving road specifications most of the work
√
3
Road specification
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
improvements are necessary
land acquisition may be needed
but land acquisition not
required
4.
UPGRADING
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather,
secondary
to
primary).
√
1
Land
Changing of road categories
not required
acquisition is needed in most cases.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
√
1
-
land acquisition is needed.
New projects not
required.
-
Land acquisition
not required
52
SULEJA – ABUCHI - IZOM ROAD
1.
2.
3.
4.
MAINTENANCE
REHABILITATION
IMPROVEMENTS
UPGRADING
NATURE OF WORK
YES
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
√
NO
SCALE
REASONS
5
Routing road maintenance
in working conditions. All of the work is done
schedule is necessary to
on the existing platform
avoid road deterioration.
Bringing
existing
deteriorated
road
to
√
5
Rehabilitation of existing
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
deteriorated roads are
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
necessary to enhance
additional land acquisition is needed
mobility.
Improving road specifications most of the work
√
3
There is necessity for road
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
specification improvement but
land acquisition may be needed
should be within the platform
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather,
secondary
to
primary).
√
1
Land
Altering of road categories
not necessary.
acquisition is needed in most cases.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
√
1
-
land acquisition is needed.
New projects not
necessary.
-
Additional land
acquisition not
required
53
WUYA – SUMAN – LEMU ROAD
1.
MAINTENANCE
NATURE OF WORK
YES
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
√
NO
SCALE
REASONS
5
There is need for routine
in working conditions. All of the work is done
maintenance of the roads
on the existing platform
2.
REHABILITATION
Bringing
existing
deteriorated
road
to
√
5
There is need for the
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
rehabilitation of deteriorated
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
roads.
additional land acquisition is needed
3.
IMPROVEMENTS
Improving road specifications most of the work
√
3
Road specifications
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
improvement is necessary but
land acquisition may be needed
additional land acquisition not
required
4.
UPGRADING
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather,
secondary
to
primary).
√
1
Land
Changing road categories not
required
acquisition is needed in most cases.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
land acquisition is needed.
√
1
-
No new projects,
-
No new alignments
-
Land acquisition
not required
54
ENAGI – GUZAN ROAD
1.
MAINTENANCE
NATURE OF WORK
YES
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
√
NO
SCALE
REASONS
5
Periodic
in working conditions. All of the work is done
maintenance
on
existing platform is necessary
on the existing platform
2.
3.
REHABILITATION
IMPROVEMENTS
Bringing
existing
deteriorated
road
to
√
5
Rehabilitation of the existing
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
deteriorated roads are
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
necessary for affective
additional land acquisition is needed
mobility.
Improving road specifications most of the work
√
3
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
Road specification
improvement required
land acquisition may be needed
4.
UPGRADING
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather,
secondary
to
primary).
√
1
Land
Changing of road categories
not required
acquisition is needed in most cases.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
√
1
-
land acquisition is needed.
No constructions
not required.
-
Land acquisition
not required
55
MOKWA – KUDU – JAAGI ROAD
NATURE OF WORK
YES
NO
SCALE
REASONS
1.
MAINTENANCE
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
in working conditions. All of the work is done
on the existing platform
√
5
Routing road maintenance
scheme is necessary
2.
REHABILITATION
Bringing existing deteriorated road to
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
additional land acquisition is needed
√
5
Rehabilitation of the existing
deteriorated roads are
necessary for affective
mobility.
3.
IMPROVEMENTS
Improving road specifications most of the work
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
land acquisition may be needed
√
3
There is necessity for roads
specification improvement but
should be without additional
land acquisition.
4.
UPGRADING
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather, secondary to primary). Land
acquisition is needed in most cases.
√
1
Altering road categories not
required.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
land acquisition is needed.
√
1
56
-
New projects not
necessary
-
Additional Land
acquisition not
required
WAWA - MALALE ROAD
1.
MAINTENANCE
NATURE OF WORK
YES
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
√
NO
SCALE
REASONS
5
There is need for routine
in working conditions. All of the work is done
maintenance of the roads.
on the existing platform
2.
REHABILITATION
Bringing
existing
deteriorated
road
to
√
5
There is need for the
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
rehabilitation of deteriorated
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
roads.
additional land acquisition is needed
3.
IMPROVEMENTS
Improving road specifications most of the work
√
3
Road specifications
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
improvement is necessary but
land acquisition may be needed
additional land acquisition not
necessary
4.
UPGRADING
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather,
secondary
to
primary).
√
1
Land
Changing road categories not
necessary.
acquisition is needed in most cases.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
land acquisition is needed.
√
1
-
No new projects,
-
Land acquisition
not required
57
SHAFFINI – JINGA - AUNA ROAD
NATURE OF WORK
YES
NO
SCALE
REASONS
1.
MAINTENANCE
Routine or periodic works to maintain the road
in working conditions. All of the work is done
on the existing platform
√
5
Periodic maintenance of
existing right of way is
required
2.
REHABILITATION
Bringing existing deteriorated road to
previous/original conditions. All of the work is
done on the existing platform/ right of way. No
additional land acquisition is needed
√
5
Rehabilitation of the existing
deteriorated roads are
necessary.
3.
IMPROVEMENTS
Improving road specifications most of the work
is done on the existing right of way. Additional
land acquisition may be needed
√
3
Road specification
improvement required
without additional land
acquisition.
4.
UPGRADING
Changing road category (e.g. seasonal/to all
weather, secondary to primary). Land
acquisition is needed in most cases.
√
1
Changing of road categories
not required.
5.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
New projects built on a new alignment. Major
land acquisition is needed.
√
1
58
-
No new
construction
required
-
Land acquisition
not required
4.12 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT
INTRODUCTION
RAMP II
The impact of every infrastructural development is expected to exert some form of
Environmental influence. The impact could be positive or negative, the essence of
critical examination of the set objectives of the proposed RAMP II in Niger State,
whether it should be considered or not with a view to ensuring that hazards and
conflicts are not created in the development to its micro and macro Environment
and to ensure that all the stakeholders are adequately advised.
The following parameters are considered for the assessment of this proposal.
a.
a.
Physical Environment.
b.
Ecological Environment.
c.
Socio-Economic Environment.
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
i.
Infrastructural facilities.
At the construction stage of the RAMP II the following also shall be included.
-
Construction of drainage channels. Rehabilitation of River or stream
crossings.
-
Clearance of drainage congestion.
-
Control of erosion and siltation.
-
Ensure air quality is protected.
-
Rising of dust is abated by wetting the road every Morning and Evening.
-
Surface water and ground water quality is protected.
-
Control of flood.
-
Ensure that no building or property is demolished.
-
Ensure that no obstruction to waste water and sewage flow.
-
Aesthetics of the sites are enhanced.
-
All physical, cultural sites are protected.
59
b.
ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The Engineer’s design put into cognizance the existing platform as suitable
enough for the purpose of RAMP II in Niger State.
c.
i.
At construction stage, no tree shall be removed.
ii.
The design of the wetland area carried some engineering specification to
guarantee the soil stability and quality for the road construction.
iii.
At the implementation stage, there shall be no disruption of surface water
and fish migration.
iv.
Wildlife and Natural habitats are protected.
v.
The forest reserve is still preserved.
vi.
Rare endangered species and aquatic plants are preserved and protected.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
The proposed development will no doubt be a positive contributor to the socio
economic growth of the Environment
The following parameters were considered for the evaluation or assessment of the
socio-economic environment:i.
Since 80% of the land area of the study site is for the practice of Agriculture
the impact of the RAMP II is highly positive in the area of irrigation.
ii.
Where there is an existing Dam, Navigation is also encouraged.
iii.
In the area of Transportation, the impact will be highly positive.
iv.
The design ensures that no loss of Agricultural land.
v.
The proposal guarantees adequate job opportunities to all and sundry. It
also reduces poverty level of the local people.
vi.
The quality of life of the local people is enhanced.
vii.
It eliminates all social conflicts.
viii.
It protects all archeological and cultural heritage of the study area.
For more details, Reports on Environmental and Social Screening and Impact
Ranking overleaf are referred please.
60
4.13
SOCIO- ECONOMICS SURVEY UNDERTAKEN
a).
Agriculture
The major occupation of the indigenous people is farming. About
80% of the population Socio-Economic is farming and farm products
include Variety of Fruits such as Mango, Cashew, Locust beans, Chea
butter Sugarcane and Legumes both of these crops are cash crops.
Other major farm activities include Plantation of Yam, Cassava, Rice,
Palm tree for Palm Oil both are cash and food for the people.
b).
Animal Gracing/ Herdsmen
Another chief occupation of Niger State is Animal production which is
means of live hood for the Fulani Resident in Niger State.
During our consultation with the community Herdsmen and FMARD
officials we discovered that there is no existence of Law or
Regulations that controls their activities. It was observed that animal
gracing cuts across all the influence area of our study Area.
Challenges inherent in their day to day activity are more significant
than the benefit derivable from animal farm. Sometimes, Farms are
destroyed as a result of gracing and usually led to bloodshed / Social
Conflicts. This need to be addressed by FMARD and National House of
Assembly.
c).
Fishing: is another means of live hood.
d).
Market: Every village covered by the influence Area has its market at
the villages’ centre.
All markets that were surveyed are predominantly traditional markets
where food stuffs are being sold.
e).
Artisan: Artisans of different practice were also identified in the
course of the Economic Survey.
Their activities include Shoe Repair, Cottage Industry, Clothing etc.
Noticeable and most general characteristic about their activity is that
they practice under temporary Zinc Structures as Stalls.
f).
Job Opportunities/Employment: Less than (five) 5% of the total
population are employed in Government Institutions and Private
Industries such as School Teachers and Auxiliary, Dispensers and
Nurses, Labourers of all categories.
g).
Industry: Such as Ginning State Arewa Cotton Station at Wawa
Village was identified as a means of Socio-Economic of the people.
61
h).
Transporters: Some people are also engaged in transportation as a
means of livelihood such as Okada Rider etc.
i)
HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (HSE)
The cost of HSE includes the following:
a. Ensuring that Engine oil and other Lubricants are properly
disposed in order to prevent ground water pollution.
b. That Construction Equipment, Generators and Vehicles are
properly maintained to prevent air pollution.
c. Mufflers are installed in all construction Equipment to reduce noise
pollution.
d. The cost of ensuring Health and Safety at work by providing
protective apparels for construction workers, First Aids and
Emergency response facilities for both workers and the
community.
e. The cost of providing adequate signage at construction site and
the cost of safety officer to administer the (HSE) plan of the
contractor.
The contractor is usually required to submit his HSE policy and
plan for approval before embarking on the construction.
4.14 SUMMARY OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS.
Site location and sensitivity is a major factor in determining the type and extent of the
required environmental work (ESIA or EMP or none) to be carried out with regard to a
given project. Using a three grade system of low, medium, and high sensitivity rate the
following subjects were considered in the table.
1)
Resettlement
a)
High population density; major towns and villages; intensive
roadside activity; low income families and illegal ownership of land
in and along right of way; communal properties.
b)
Low population density; dispersed population; no or little road side
activities; well established businesses and legal tenure along right of
way.
c)
Medium population density; settlements; some roadside activity;
mixed ownership and land tenure along right of way.
2)
Soil Stability/Erosion
a)
Mountainous terrain; high slopes; unstable soil formations; high
erosion potential
62
3)
b)
Medium slopes; some erosion potential
c)
Flat terrain; no potential erosion problems
Cultural Heritage
a)
No known or suspected cultural heritage sites
b)
Known cultural heritage sits along the right of way
c)
Suspected cultural heritage sites, known heritage sites in area of
influence
4)
Natural Habitats
a)
b)
c)
5)
No critical natural habitats; no other natural habitats.
Critical natural habitats (existing and proposed protected areas,
along with unprotected natural habitats of known high importance
for biodiversity conservation
No critical natural habitats; other non-forest natural habitats
occur.
Induced Development
a)
Area or region is well consolidated; dense road network
b)
Medium density road network; open lands are still available
c)
Area of region is undeveloped; road network is incipient or nonexistent
63
4.15 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The Supervising consultant is expected to carry out the monitoring and evaluation
during construction to ensure that baseline parameters and conditions remain the
same during construction and after.
The Consultant will be required to carry out any necessary verification/validating
test for the monitoring and evaluation as the need arises.
The summary of cost estimate for above ESIA/Safeguard elements are as below.
This amount should be allowed for in the preliminaries section of the Bill of
Engineering Measurement (BEME).
4.16 SUMMARY OF COST(INDICATIVE BUDGET)
SN
Description
Amount
1
ESMP
440,000
2
HSE
16,000,000
3
M&E
4,000,000
Total
20,440,000
64
4.17 SUMMARY OF GROUP MEETING, ALSO ATTENDED BY PROJECT AFFECTED
PEOPLE (PAP)
INTERRACTION
1.
RESPONSE
The interaction with the
The communities were very pleased that the
communities was a group discussion
road is eventually going to be rehabilitated and
whereby some traders along the road
they expressed their willingness to cooperate
who have been identified as project
and support the rehabilitation even if it means
affected persons (PAP) were in
losing a bit of their land.
attendance.
2.
The purpose of the meeting was
The traders were also willing to relocate away
explained to them, that is, the Road
from the Road in order to give way for the
rehabilitation project and that it may
Road but expressed their hope if they can get
affect some of them especially the road
a form of compensatory relieve. It was
side Traders, who will be required to
however explained to them that the relocation
relocate from the Road side.
might just be temporary for the road to be
constructed.
3.
In addition the benefits of the
They were also happy that the cost of
Road rehabilitation were also
transportation will now reduce after the
highlighted.
rehabilitation and that they will no longer
experience temporary cut off from other
communities during rainy seasons.
4.
It was also explained to them
They were also willing to participate in the
that after the rehabilitation the
maintenance after construction; they said that
community should be prepared to
they had been hitherto maintaining the Roads
participate in the maintenance of the
purely by community efforts without any
Road.
assistance, even from the Local Government.
5.
Thereafter an interview was
conducted on the following:
6.
The location of the school and
the community health center.
The community school and the health center
are within the community.
65
7.
The effect of the deteriorated
Road on the community.
8.
The community market and the
The community is usually cutoff during the
rainy seasons and cost of transportation is
very high due to the bad road.
The market days are usually on weekly basis
and they rarely go to market that is more than
5 kilometers away from the villages.
market days.
None
9.
Availability of traditional/cultural
site along the route that might be
affected by the Rehabilitation
66
4.18 THE DETAILS OF THE INTERVIEW AT GROUP MEETING.
INTERRACTIONS
RESPONSE
1. What is the mode of transportation Transportation is possible during dry
in this community VIS-À-VIS the season and the speed is between 30-40
km/h During rainy season generally it is
proposed RAMP II?
poor.
2. What are the various
inherent in RAMP II?
benefits RAMP will enhance the growth of goods
and services and the population,
irrespective of the weather.
3. What is the daily average traffic in Medium
the road?
4. What is the relationship of the The markets are sighted at the
existing
market
with
the communities’ centre. Easy patronage
communities?
5. Any accident recorded
Nil
6. What is the relationship with the The health cetres are situated in the
existing health centres with the villages, Transportation not needed.
communities?
7. How far are the existing schools The Schools are located at the Peripheries
from the population?
of the villages.
8. I there any incidence of domestic Nil
animals
conflicting
with
the
Pedestrians on the Road, Due to
animal gracing?
9. Is there any cause for the wide The known forest reserves are far from
indigenous villages and are curtailed in the
animals to stray, into the villages?
forest reserve.
10. Are the villages willing to donate Acquisition is not required.
part of their land for RAMP II? If
necessary.
11. What impact has the project on the Positive
Ecological Environment?
12. What are the major farm produces?
Yamtubers, Cassavatubers, Fruits e.g.
Cashew, Sheabutter, Locustbeans,
Sugarcane, Legumes, Vegetable, Mangoes,
Watermelon, Orange etc.
67
13. RAMP will increase production rate. YES
Do you Agree?
14. Will the RAMP have any influence YES
on transportation cost?
15. Will the RAMP
alleviation?
16. Will the RAMP
Opportunities?
reduce
poverty YES
provide
Job YES
17. Will the RAMP add to the quality of YES
the physical, Ecological and SocioEconomic Environment?
18. Will the
facility?
RAMP
enhance
water YES
19. Will the RAMP reduce the cost of YES
farm produce and transportation
generally?
20. After
Construction,
are
the YES
communities ready to participate in
the road maintenance?
68
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
S/N
1.
2
3
4
5
6
POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT I
CRITERIAS (PARAMETERS)
Affect to natural biological environment
 Wildlife Habitats
 Ecology fisheries
 Threatened and endangered species
 Number of trees on proposed land
Adjacent or within any Historic Culturally important site
Any Health Care Centre in the community
Any displacement/resettlement of Activities
General (Positive impacts) will the project
 Create Job opportunities to support the enhancement of life
standards of the local people
 Contribute to poverty reduction in the respective areas
 Contribute to sustainable development
YES
NO N/A
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Environmental Hazards and pollution Threats
 Might the activity cause an increase or probability of increase
of environmental hazards
 Might the activity affect the quality of water resources within
adjacent to or near the project area
√
√
7
Aesthetics of the site
 Might the activity cause a change in the visual character in or √
near the area through alteration
 Might the activity affect views or access to views of natural or
√
cultural landscapes features
 Might the activity introduce new materials colour and forms
√
to the immediate landscapes
8.
Resources Conservation and use
 Might the activity affect commercial fisheries or aquaculture
resources or production
√
Economics and Environment
 Might the proposed activity cause elimination or relocation of
existing activity
√
9.
69
POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT II
PARAMETERS
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
2.)
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.)
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
POSITIVE
IMPACT
L
M
H
Physical Environment
Water logging and drainage
congestion
Erosion and siltation
Obstruction to waste water/sewage
flow
Air and dust
Surface water quality
Ground water quality
Impact on noise
Flooding
Impact of soil quality
Loss of existing buildings and property
Biological Environment
Removal of trees
Wetland
Disruption of surface water fish
migration
Wild life habitats
Forests
Rare Endangered species
Aquatic plants
Socio-Economic Environment
Impact on irrigation
Impact on navigation
Impact on transportation
Loss of agricultural land
Employment generation
Commercial activities
Impact on local livelihood
Impact on human life
Social conflict
Health risks to labours involved in
construction work.
Public Health and Safety
Archaeological and cultural heritage
NO
IMPACT
NEGATIVE
IMPACT
L
M
H
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
70
CHAPTER SIX
CHAPTER SIX
6.0
S/N
1.
2.
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
PROJECT
ACTIVITIES
Road Design
to avoid
sensitive
areas
Mitigation Measures
IMPLEMENTATI
ON
MONITORING
Implementat COST
ion Agency/
ESTIM
Proponent
ATE
(1).The Design
Design verification
standard avoids road
implemented.
running through
sensitive areas like
Forest Reserve, Private
lands, PCR, protects the
existing flora and fauna
shall avoid agricultural
land as borrow area.
(1). Ministry of No Cost
Forest
Reserve
(2). SPIU
(3). The
consultant
Construction/
Contracts
Provision
of
necessary
specifications/
guidelines to ensure
compliance
with
Health, safety and
Environment
regulations
and
Legal
framework.
Laying emphasis on
preventative actions
rather
than
corrective
actions,
incorporating
penalties
for
violating
existing
Legal framework.
Contractor to
submit his Health,
Safety and
Environment
policy, Manuals,
hand books and
flyers to the
Engineer for
approval. This will
include policy on
borrow pit
management,
blasting operations
H.S.E at work and
security.
SPIU FMOEV.
Interaction
with local
people before
construction
Interaction
is
an
ongoing project for
better
understanding
cooperation and signing
all
necessary
agreements ( Annexure
l)
Consultation
implemented at
local level. Periodic
consultative
meeting with the
community
Leaders.
SPIU FMPIU
71
No Cost
The
Consultant,
and FPMU
Local
Government
The
Community
No Cost
The
Consultant.
4.
5.
Scopes
Road surface
(adverse to
road user)
(2). Roads stabilization
through planting of
vegetation by using
chemicals where
feasible and
appropriate.
Construction
programme
implemented
FMARD , SPIU
No Cost
The
Contractor
The
Consultant
Agronomist.
Road surface shall be Construction
stabilized with gravel, programme
murrain and other rocky implemented
surfacing material.
The
Consultant
FMARD
No Cost
SPIU
L.G.
6.
Drainage
Hydrological
investigation shall be
carried one.
Design Verification
Implemented
The
Consultant
No Cost
Equipment
Maintenance
Schedule
submitted and
Equipment
certification
Implemented.
FMOEV
No Cost
(2) Longitudinal and
cross drainage as per
requirements shall be
provided.
(3) Use of culverts
pipes as per rational
formula.
7.
Construction
plants and
equipment
management
(1)
Use of heavy
machinery equipment
shall be minimized to
avoid pollution.
(2)
Waste oil as
cooking fuel shall be
prohibited. Disposal of
waste and waste oil to
be responsibly carried
out.
(3)
Fuel leakage
shall be prevented.
72
Waste and Waste
oil disposal record
provided.
SIPU
The
Contractor
The
Consultant
8.
Tree Planting
(1)
For every simple
tree felled two trees of
local species will be
planted.
Programme
Implemented
No Cost
(2)
Growing of trees
on the road sides shall
be encouraged.
9.
Natural
Habitants
(1)
Speed control by
using speed bumps,
shall be applied.
Programme
Implemented
Dust
No Cost
FMARD
SPIU
(2)
Road surface
shall be sprayed with
water on a frequent
schedule.
10.
FMOEV
The
Consultant
(1)
Speed control by
using speed bumps
shall be applied.
Programme
Implemented
FMOEV
No Cost
SPIU
The
Consultant
(2)
Road surfaces
shall be sprayed with
water on a frequent
schedule.
The
Contractor.
11.
Worker’s
Health and
Safety.
(1) Provision of
personal equipment
and other necessities
shall be encouraged.
Monthly H.S.E
Meeting
Implemented and
Safety Report
emitted monthly
with periodic
safety Audit.
FMOEV
No Cost
12.
Public Health
and Safety at
Construction
(1) Installation of
Traffic safety measure
such as warning signs,
delineators and
barriers shall be put in
place, contractor shall
develop an acceptable
construction site
Environment, Health
and safety plan.
Public Awareness
Implemented with
regards to S.T.D
and other
communicable
diseases. H.S.E.
policy
implemented.
Emergency
response
SPIU
No Cost
73
The
Contractor
The
Consultant.
procedure put in
place and first aid
post Established
13.
Cultural
Proprieties
14.
Land use and
Resettlement
issues
6.01
(1)
This avoids all
cultural properties sites.
Consultation with
community
implemented.
Not applicable.
SPIU
The
Consultants
SPIU
FMARD.
ESMP AND PAP
Parameters
Nature of ESMP
Indicative
Budget
Kudu
ARAP includes
N15,000
shifting three
Zinc stalls to the rear
SPIU
Niger State Government.
at N5,000 per stall
Twelve numbers
(Proponent)
The Consultant
and from the ROW
Tafa
Implementation Agency
World Bank
numbers Artisan’s
N60,000
container being need
SPIU
World Bank
by Artisan’s
enchroaching on the
Niger State Government
ROW, reducing the
The Consultant
width of the existing
Road to 4.5m cost
N5,000 per
container.
Suleja
Sixty- one numbers
N305,000
of Zinc stalls at
74
No Cost
SPIU
No Cost
Suleja market
World Bank
Relocation of the
stalls to the rear
Niger State Government
because of Road
construction at the
cost N5,000 per stall.
Sabon-wuse
Relocation of
Ijahgwari
Electricity pole on
N60,000
World Bank
Sabon-wuse
Ijahgwari Road, at a
PHCN
cost of N60,000. The
CDA
cost includes:
(1)
SPIU
The Consultant
Purchasing of
a new wooden
pole.
(2) Shifting of the
pole from ROW.
Total
N440,000
The sum total enumerated above shall be carried to the preliminaries of the BILLS
of ENGINEERING Measurements.
75
6.02 WORLD BANK’S OP4.12 GUIDELINES
The World Bank’s OP4.12 guidelines require compensation for lost, or impacted,
assets at replacement costs to both titled and non-titled landowners, Land holders
and resettlement assistance for lost income and livehood.
The general characteristic of PAP in the study Areas falls in the category of
Squatters encroaching on the (ROW), since it is the Principle of the World Bank to
adopt special measures and assistance for Vulnerable affected persons to cushion
effect of the project during construction and after construction, few PAP were
identified as presented on 3.6.1, 3.7 and ESMP Costing.
76
6.03 ENTITLEMENT MATRIX
TYPE OF LOSS
ENTITLEMENT PERSONS
DESCRIPTION OF
ENTITLEMENT
1.
Permanent loss of
Not Applicable
No compensation of any
land
No loss of land envisaged
form whether cash or
Certificate of occupancy
otherwise is applicable.
1.1 Cultivate and
Residential/
Not required.
Commercial land
2.
Damage to land such No noticeable land owners.
Restoration of land to
as abutting sub
preconstruction condition or
Construction is on (ROW)
project site.
2.1
By excavation from
cash compensation at the
The contractor shall give
prevailing rates shall be
borrows for Earth for
accounts of Excavation
recommended to the PMU.
construction.
from Borrows for Earth.
Provision of water course
by the contractor to
connect several segments
with source of water.
3.
3.1
4.
Loss of income and
Farm owners are not
No compensation shall be
livelihood
denied access to their farm.
due to anybody since the
Temporary loss of a
Numbers of affected
Contractor shall maintain
access to land for
category of person if any
the Recommendations in
cultivation
Shall be paid.
the process of Construction.
Loss of income
through Agriculture
Activities because of
loss of land.
77
6.04 PAP CLASSIFICATION
PAP
COMPENSATION
ELIGIBLE FOR
CLASSIFICATION
ASSISTANCE
COMPENSATION
Those with legal
Land or asset.
No land or asset
No assistance of
rights
No known
involved.
any form is
acquisition of land
Compensation is not required.
before and after
required.
construction
Those with
Land and assets are
For land and
No assistance is
temporary or leased
not included in the
structure on the
required
rights at cutoff date
process of the Road
land after the cutoff
Rehabilitation
date
Assets only
-
Those with business
Assistance
located within the
Required. N440,000
community
ARAP Costing page
26-27 refers pls.
Those with no
-
legally recognized
None identified to
date
right but arrived
before cutoff date
78
6.06
1.
ESMP COSTING(INDICATIVE BUDGET)
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Safeguards/mitigating measures
do carry a price tag. It is therefore not only desirable but also appropriate to
include in the ESMP report an element of cost of safeguards and mitigating
measures. The main elements of cost of safeguard and mitigating measures are:
2.

Cost of ESMP.

Cost of Health, Safety and Environment during Construction.

The Cost of Monitoring and Evaluation.
ESMP
Parameters
Nature of ESMP
Cost
Implementation Agency
(Proponent)
Kudu
ESMP includes
N15,000
shifting three
World Bank
numbers Artisan’s
Zinc stalls to the rear
The Consultant
and from the ROW
Niger State Government.
at N5,000 per stall
Tafa
Twelve numbers
SPIU
N60,000
container being need
SPIU
World Bank
by Artisan’s
encouraging on the
Niger State Government
ROW, reducing the
The Consultant
width of the existing
Road to 4.5m cost
N5,000 per
container.
Suleja
Sixty- one numbers
N305,000
79
SPIU
of Zinc stalls at
World Bank
Suleja market
Relocation of the
Niger State Government
stalls to the rear
because of Road
construction at the
cost N5,000 per stall.
Sabonwuse Ijah
Relocation of
gwari
electricity pole to
N60,000
World Bank
safeguard the
affected house
PHCN
opposite the wooden
CDA
pole on the
Sabonwuse
The Consultant
Ijahgwari Road, at a
cost of N60,000. The
cost includes:
(3)
Purchasing of
a new wooden
pole.
(4) Shifting of the
pole from ROW.
Total
SPIU
N440,000
80
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0
RECOMMENDATION
 The selected prioritized RAMP II in Niger State as presented in the aforementioned
scenario came at the appropriate time influence area of Rural Travels Transport
project (RTTP).
 The projects had been assessed and confirmed that the impact of this laudable
project in the rural sectors of Niger State and the Environments is highly positive.
 The project has potentials to enhance the quality of Physical Socio-Economic,
Ecological Environment.
 The general overview of this report shows that only limited ESIA is required since
none of the World Bank Operational policies was triggered.
 Mitigation measures highlighted are recommended for appropriate action by the
relevant Proponents.
 All PAP identified fall under the category of Poverty Alleviation and the World Bank
has the Prerogatives over the dispensation as appropriate.
 Laws and Regulation to guide, control the activities of the herdsmen should be
promulgated by the National Assembly.
 In view of the above Resume, we recommend that this project should proceed.
81
82