Mitigation options
Likely success
Scale of impact
Duration/
timing of
impact
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Impact
description
Significance premitigation
Receptor(s)
Post mitigation
impact
Process stage
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Onshore Wind Farms
Construction &
Decommissioning
Birds
Mammals
Reptiles
Amphibians
Disturbance and
displacement
L
Localised loss of feeding and
breeding habitat
TEMPORARY
Short-term
Seasonal
MOD
Construction works to
adopt best practice
guidance, avoiding most
sensitive time of year
for the species interests
on the site, including
breeding birds, water
voles, otters, badger
M
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
1
L
Local damage to vegetation on
access roads and site bases.
Associated disruption of hydrology
and impact on soil and surface
invertebrates.
PERMANENT
MOD
Avoid particularly
sensitive locations with
highly mobile
sediments, or important
water catchments, and
take extra engineering
precautions, gradient of
construction site likely
to be important
contributory factor. NB
floating road
construction is most
suitable for temporary
roads as they still
interupt hydrology,
most flow being sheet
flow in the top ca 30cm.
Avoid locations with
concentrations of
sensitive species of
conservation concern
and where limited
suitable habitat, eg
specialist flora.
L
Significance postmitigation
Loss of habitat
and habitat
damage during
both phases
Mitigation options
Significance premitigation
Flora
Fauna
Duration/
timing of
impact
Post mitigation
impact
Construction &
Decommissioning
Ecological effect of impact
Likely success
Impact
description
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
2
Ecological effect of impact
Duration/
timing of
impact
Post mitigation
impact
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Operation
Birds
Disruption of
movement
Operation
Bats
Operation
Birds
Mitigation options
RI
Disturbance of feeding and
migration
PERMANENT
MOD
Avoid locations with
concentrations of
sensitive species and
where limited suitable
habitat. Condition of
planning consent for
habitat enhancement,
eg to ensure provision
of alternative feeding
habitat, as necessary,
without increasing
collision risk.s
L
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Disruption of
movement
L
Disturbance of feeding and
migration
PERMANENT
MOD
Sensitive siting design
to leave space between
turbines
L
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Collision
RI
Impact on populations of threatened
species notably larger wildfowl,
raptors, waders and Black Grouse
PERMANENT
MAJ
Avoid locations with
concentrations of
sensitive species whose
flight behaviour
predisposes them to
collision risk and whose
demographics preclude
compensatory response.
Underground
powerlines between
turbines and those
connecting to
substations where
necessary and feasible.
Spacing of turbines.
M
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Likely success
Impact
description
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
3
Impact
description
Post mitigation
impact
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Mitigation options
Operation
Bats
Collision
L
Impact on Local populations of
endangered species
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Operation
Birds
Mammals
Invertebrates
Reptiles
Amphibians
Disturbance
through noise
lighting or flicker
L
Interference with feeding and
breeding patterns
PERMANENT
seasonal
SLT
Sensitive siting, use of
shielding and
intermittent light
sources consistent with
needs of navigation
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Planting
Fauna
Disturbance and
displacement
during planting
L
Disruption of winter feeding damage
to feeding/ hibernation habitat
TEMPORARY
short-term
autumn/
winter/
spring
MOD
Plant small blocks over
a prolonged period
H
NON
E
HIGH
NONE
Land take
Flora
Fauna
Habitat loss on
arable
N
Loss of farmland birds breeding and
feeding habitat. Particularly
affecting granivorous species using
overwintering stubbles. Reduction
in overall populations and habitat
areas of species like Skylark,
Lapwing. Destruction of arable weed
floras.
PERMANENT
MOD
Sensitive siting
retention of areas that
are valuable to
biodiversity habitat
recreation elsewhere
maximize biodiversity
benefit of newly created
habitat
M
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Land take
Flora
Fauna
Habitat loss on
semi-natural
habitats
N
Loss of breeding/ wintering habitat.
Reduction of area of semi-natural
vegetation, scrub, grasslands,
wetlands, heaths and other marginal
land of high biodiversity value.
PERMANENT
MAJ
Restrictions on sources
from which biomass can
be extracted
H
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Biomass
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
4
Impact
description
Post mitigation
impact
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Mitigation options
New habitat
creation
Flora
Fauna
Habitat gain from
biomass
plantations –
willow coppice,
conifers,
Miscanthus
N
Change of habitat and associated
alteration in local habitat matrix
especially on arable. Encouraging
species like Reed Warbler, Reed
Bunting as well as insectivorous
birds and bats etc.
PERMANENT
MAJ
N/A
H
MAJ
HIGH
HIGH
Harvesting
Flora
Fauna
Harvesting of
biomass - new
willow coppice
plantations
L
Disturbance loss of food shelter
breeding sites affecting early
colonizers like Nightingale, warblers
and Dormouse. Destruction of nests
if harvested during breeding season.
Damage to ground-flora.
TEMPORARY
Short-term
MOD
Rotate harvesting over
several years and only
harvest small blocks
M
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Harvesting
Flora
Fauna
Harvesting of
biomass from
natural habitats
(woodlands)
L
Removal of timber waste and
brashings that offer shelter and
habitat for birds like Woodlark,
Nightjar, Tree Pipit and dead-wood
invertebrates as well as hibernating
reptiles and amphibians.
TEMPORARY
Mediumterm
MOD
Restrictions on sources
from which biomass can
be extracted. Avoid
particular times of the
year e.g. bird breeding
season.
H
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Harvesting
Flora
Fauna
Harvesting of
biomass Miscanthus
L
Destruction of bird nest sites if done
during the breeding season. Loss of
food/ shelter/ habitat for
invertebrates, small mammals
(affecting their predators), reptiles
and amphibians.
TEMPORARY
Mediumterm
MOD
Rotate harvesting over
several years and only
harvest small blocks
H
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Management
Flora
Fauna
Pesticide &
herbicide use e.g.
to control willow
beetle
N
Non-selective killing of animals and
plants affecting species higher in the
food web
PERMANENT
Seasonal.
SLT
Restrictions on pesticide
use particularly near
watercourses.
Biological control where
possible.
M
NON
E
MOD
NONE
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
5
Impact
description
Post mitigation
impact
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Mitigation options
Introduction of
non-native
species
Flora
Fauna
Introduction of
non-native plant
species and
associated
invertebrate
faunas
N
Potential for altering the balance of
species and their abundance both
positively and negatively.
PERMANENT
MAJ
Avoid invasive species
and creating large
blocks of monoculture
non-natives
H
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Site clearance
construction &
restoration
Flora
Fauna
Disturbance and
displacement
L
Loss of habitat flooding of terrestrial
habitats & disturbance locally for
installation and removal of
infrastructure
TEMPORARY
Mediumterm to
PERMANENT
seasonal
SLT
Avoid bird breeding
season fish spawning
season etc
L
SLT
MOD
MOD
Construction &
Decommissioning
Flora
Fauna
Increased erosion
& sediment input
to water courses
L
Loss of vegetation, damage to fish
spawning grounds
TEMPORARY
mediumterm
MOD
Good site management
practices
H
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Construction –
Habitat loss
Flora
Fauna
Aquatic and
terrestrial habitat
loss by flooding
R
Loss of semi-natural habitat.
Fragmentation and erosion of
upland plant communities of high
biodiversity value. Consequential
loss of feeding and breeding habitat
for fauna e.g. upland birds like Ring
Ousel and wetland species like
Snipe.
PERMANENT
MAJ
Sensitive siting limiting
size - habitat recreation
elsewhere
L
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Construction –
Habitat creation
Flora
Fauna
Habitat gain from
new water body
L
Creation of a different habitat and
its integration with surrounding
habitats favouring wildfowl and fisheating predatory bird species like
osprey and divers.
PERMANENT
MAJ
H
MAJ
HIGH
HIGH
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Hydroelectric
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
6
Impact
description
Post mitigation
impact
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Mitigation options
Operation
Fish
Aquatic
mammals
Obstruction to
movement
RN
Obstruction of migratory fish,
especially Salmon, Trout and Shad
as well as Otters. Affecting regional
or national population levels.
PERMANENT
MAJ
Sensitive siting
construction of fish
passes & fish ladders
M
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Operation
Flora
Fauna
Habitat alteration
e.g. changes in
downstream
flows/ oxygen
levels and
sediment loads.
L
Regularizing flows and alterations
affecting flora and dependant
consumers downstream
PERMANENT
MOD
Flow regulation and/ or
variation
L
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Operation
Flora
Fauna
Release of toxins
nutrients etc from
flooded land into
water body
L
Potential pollution incidents having
catastrophic short to medium-term
effects on downstream ecosystems
PERMANENT
MOD
Adequate policing of
catchment area
M
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Operation
Flora
Fauna
Fluctuating water
levels
L
Potentially affecting breeding
success of bird species like Blackthroated diver.
PERMANENT
MOD
Avoid siting in areas
where sensitive species
might be encouraged to
colonise. Endeavour to
maintain stable levels.
M
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Disturbance and
displacement
L
Potential adverse affects of changes
in flow speeds and directions
TEMPORARY
short-term
seasonal
MOD
Avoid bird breeding
season fish spawning
season
L
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
All marine technologies
Construction &
Decommissioning
Fauna
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
7
Operation –
All systems
Birds
Mammals
Invertebrates
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
Damage
associated with
the installation of
cables, foreign
materials and the
creation of
electromagnetic
fields.
L
Localise population reductions
PERMANENT
MOD
Adopt best practice for
cable protection and
deep burial to minimise
penetration to
surrounding sediment
and water.
L
Operation –
All systems
Birds
Mammals
Invertebrates
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
Habitat alteration
due to changed
erosion and
sedimentation
regimes.
R
Accretion or erosion of saltmarshes
leading to potential decrease in
habitat or a shift in location that
may be unfavourable for dependant
species
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting to
minimize the effects of
flow alterations
M
Operation –
All systems
Birds
Mammals
Invertebrates
Reptiles
Amphibians
Fish
Bioturbation of
toxins nutrients
etc from flooded
sediments &
impact on water
quality
R
Adverse impacts on breeding
success of all species, more critically
on the Marine invertebrates that
form the base of the food web.
PERMANENT
SLT
Flushing of water
behind barrage for tidal
systems to dilute
pollutants
Operation –
All systems
Fish
Marine
mammals
Disturbance
caused by noise/
vibration
R
Local population reductions resulting
from areas becoming less favoured
breeding grounds
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting
Operation –
Off-shore systems
Fish
Marine
mammals
Birds
The creation of
exclusions zones
maintaining an
areas free of
shipping and
fishing
R
Increase in breeding success and
population levels within the
protected zones
PERMANENT
MOD
Significance postmitigation
Mitigation options
SLT
HIGH
MOD
SLT
MOD
MOD
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
M
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Significance premitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Post mitigation
impact
Impact
description
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
8
Offshore wind farms
Construction/
Decommissioning
Birds
Marine
mammals
Fish
Invertebrates
Disturbance and
displacement
L
Disturbance of feeding and
migration of species like Swans,
terns and Common Scoter
TEMPORARY
Short-term
to mediumterm
SLT
Avoid bird breeding
season sensitive siting
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Operation
Birds
Disruption of
movement
RI
Disruption of migration and
disturbance of species like common
Scoter
PERMANENT
MOD
Sensitive siting design
to leave space between
turbines
L
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Operation
Marine
mammals
Fish
Disruption of
movement
RI
Sound/ vibration affecting sensitive
marine mammals
PERMANENT
MOD
Sensitive siting design
to leave space between
turbines
L
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Operation
Birds
Collision
RI
Risk of death to endangered species
of species like Swans, terns and
Common Scoter especially if a panic
reaction is created, say during
maintenance
PERMANENT
seasonal
MOD
Sensitive siting
M
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Operation
Birds marine
mammals
fish
invertebrates
habitats
Habitat alteration
by change in
currents
sedimentation etc
R
Small-scale alteration to spawning
grounds and feeding areas
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting
SLT
MOD
MOD
Operation
Birds marine
mammals
fish
invertebrates
habitats
Habitat alteration
by change in
currents
sedimentation etc
R
Small-scale alteration to spawning
grounds and feeding areas
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting
SLT
MOD
MOD
Fauna
Inter-tidal habitat
loss by flooding
R
Changes to inundation period
resulting in changes to vegetation
and the range of invertebrates
adapted to the changes.
PERMANENT
MAJ
Sensitive siting habitat
recreation elsewhere
MOD
HIGH
HIGH
Tidal & Current
Operation
L
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
9
Operation –
Tidal barrages/
fences
Birds
Mammals
Marine
invertebrates
Fish
Habitat alteration
due to changed
erosion and
sedimentation
regimes
L
Accretion or erosion of saltmarshes
leading to potential decrease in
habitat or a shift in location that
may be unfavourable for dependant
species
PERMANENT
SLT
Operation –
Tidal barrages/
fences
Birds
Mammals
Marine
invertebrates
Fish
Habitat gain lagoons open
water behind
barrage
L
New habitat creation and the
introduction of new habitat to the
range already present
PERMANENT
SLT
Operation –
Marine current
turbines
Birds
Mammals
Marine
invertebrates
Fish
Habitat alteration
due to changed
erosion and
sedimentation
regimes caused
by changes in
tidal velocity.
L
Alterations to the seabed habitat
affecting benthic organisms.
Accretion or erosion of saltmarshes
leading to potential decrease in
habitat or a shift in location that
may be unfavourable for dependant
species
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting
Operation –
Tidal lagoons
Birds
Mammals
Marine
invertebrates
Fish
Habitat alteration
due to changed
erosion and
sedimentation
regimes
L
Accretion or erosion of saltmarshes
leading to potential decrease in
habitat or a shift in location that
may be unfavourable for dependant
species
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting habitat
recreation elsewhere
Operation –
Tidal lagoons
Birds
Mammals
Marine
invertebrates
Fish
Habitat gain
L
New habitat creation and the
introduction of new habitat to the
range already present
PERMANENT
SLT
Significance postmitigation
Mitigation options
SLT
MOD
MOD
SLT
MOD
MOD
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
SLT
MOD
MOD
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Significance premitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Post mitigation
impact
Impact
description
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Sensitive siting habitat
recreation elsewhere
M
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
10
Impact
description
Post mitigation
impact
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Mitigation options
Operation –
All systems
Fish
Marine
mammals
Obstruction to
movement
R
Reduction in breeding success
leading to population reduction
PERMANENT
MOD
Construction of fish
passes & fish ladders
H
SLT
HIGH
HIGH
Operation –
All systems
Fish
Injury/ Death
causing by
striking the
turbines
R
Local population reductions
PERMANENT
SLT
Construction of fish
passes & fish ladders
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Construction &
Decommissioning
Flora
Fauna
Disturbance and
displacement
L
Adverse impacts on breeding and
feeding success of Marine mammals
and fish
TEMPORARY
short-term
seasonal
MOD
Sensitive siting. Avoid
bird breeding season
fish spawning season
etc
M
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Operation –
Land-based
systems
Flora
Fauna
Shoreline habitat
loss for land
based turbines.
Localised scour/
deposition,
pollution risk,
imported
materials e.g.
concrete
L
Reduction in feeding/ breeding area
available for birds and loss of
saltmarsh habitat. Damage torocky
shore plant and animal communities
and intertidal habitat generally.
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting within
existing shoreline
structures e.g. seawalls.
Habitat enhancement
M
NON
E
MOD
NONE
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Waves
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
11
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Mitigation options
Operation –
Off-shore systems
Flora
Fauna
Rocky shore,
seabed and
littoral habitat
damage and loss
caused by
alterations in
sedimentation
and flow rates
L
Reduction in feeding/ breeding area
available for birds and loss of
saltmarsh habitat.
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting habitat
enhancement
M
NON
E
MOD
NONE
Operation –
All systems
Flora
Fauna
Habitat alteration
due to changed
erosion and
sedimentation
regimes caused
by wave damping
and alterations to
the timing and
magnitude of tidal
surges.
L
Accretion or erosion of saltmarshes
altering the availability of saltmarsh
habitat and affecting breeding
success. Changes to the sea/estuary
bed affecting flora and hence fauna.
Damage to saltmarsh creek flora
and fauna caused by altered flowrates and tide heights.
PERMANENT
SLT
Sensitive siting to
minimize the effects of
flow alterations
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Photovoltaic cells
–
Mining &
manufacture
Flora
Fauna
Contamination
and release of
heavy metals
L
Damage to ecosystems and changes
to vegetation
PERMANENT
MOD
Monitor and police
processes to minimize
contamination
H
SLT
HIGH
MOD
Photovoltaic cells
– Operation
Birds
Reflections from
panels
N
Death by collision
PERMANENT
SLT
Careful positioning or
using non-reflective
materials
H
SLT
MOD
MOD
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Post mitigation
impact
Impact
description
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Novel Technologies
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
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Impact
description
Post mitigation
impact
Significance premitigation
Significance postmitigation
Ecological effect of impact
Mitigation options
Solar water
heaters/ ground
source heat
pumps –
Operation
Flora
Fauna
Leakages into
groundwater of
salts and
chemicals
L
Damage to aquatic ecosystems and
soil floras and faunas
PERMANENT
SLT
Monitor and police
processes to minimize
leakages
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Ground source
heat pumps
Flora
Fauna
Lowering of
temperature
owing to heat
extraction
L
Changes to local flora and hence
fauna caused by lowering of soil
temperature
PERMANENT
SLT
Monitor and police
processes to minimize
adverse impacts of
temperature reductions
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Hydrogen fuel
cells
Flora
Emission of
hydrogen or
water increasing
cloud production
L
Vegetations changes resulting from
reduced light levels and increase
moisture and humidity
PERMANENT
SLT
Lower or prevent
emissions
M
SLT
MOD
MOD
Likely success
Duration/
timing of
impact
Effect of impact
and magnitude
Receptor(s)
Scale of impact
Process stage
Key:
Scale of impact;- L = Local; R = Regional; N = National.
Duration of impact – Short-term = up to 5 years; Medium-term = 5-15 years; Long-term = 15-25 years
Impact assessment:- SLT = slight; MOD = Moderate; MAJ = Major [shaded cells indicate a negative impact, unshaded neutral or positive]
Significance of impact:- NONE = no significant impact; MOD = Moderately significant impact; HIGH = Highly significant impact [shaded cells indicate a significant negative impact]
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