Name: ______________________ Atomic Theory Discovering The Structure of The Atom Station 1 - Vocabulary Map Task: Look up the following words in the textbook and complete each portion of the vocab map. Definition: Picture: Electrons Sentence: Definition: Picture: Proton Sentence: Definition: Picture: Nucleus Sentence: Definition: Picture: Neutron Sentence: © Copyright 2014 – all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Name: ______________________ Atomic Theory Discovering The Structure of The Atom Station 2 – Mini Lab: Evidence for the Law of Definite Proportion Task: Complete the following experiment and answer the questions that follow. Materials: Balance, beans, paperclips, 2 cups (labeled “1” and “2”). Each cup contains beans & paperclips in a predetermined amount. The beans & paperclips from each cup should be weighed separately, do not combine the beans & paperclips from Cup 1 with the beans & paperclips from Cup 2. 1. Use a balance to find the total mass of the beans in Cup 1. Mass of beans (Cup 1) = ________ 2. Use a balance to find the total mass of the paperclips in Cup 1. Mass of paperclips (Cup 1) =________ 3. Use a balance to find the total mass of the beans in Cup 2. Mass of beans (Cup 2) = ________ 4. Use a balance to find the total mass of the paperclips in Cup 2. Mass of paperclips (Cup 2) =________ QUESTIONS 1. Based on your evidence, do you think that different substances could be made up of the same elements, just different proportions? Explain. _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What law does this evidence support? ________________________________________________ Station 3 – Timeline Research Task: Research to find the following information. When did Democritus develop his atomic theory? ______________ What did Democritus suggest? ___________________________________________________________ What does the word indivisible mean? _____________________________________________________ Did everyone support Democritus’s theory? _________ Why or why not? _________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ When did Dalton develop his atomic theory? ________________ What did Dalton’s Atomic Theory say? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What law is used as evidence to support Dalton’s theory? ______________________________________ When did Thomson develop his atomic theory? ______________ What instrument did Thomson use to develop his theory? _____________________________________ How was Thomson’s model different from Dalton’s model of the atom? __________________________ What was Thomson’s model called? ________________________________ What did Rutherford say about the structure of the atom? _____________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ What was Rutherford’s experiment called? __________________________________________________ As a result of his experiment, what did Rutherford discover? ___________________________________ When did Bohr develop his theory? ________________ What does Bohr’s theory say? ____________________________________________________________ © Copyright 2014 – all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Name: ______________________ Atomic Theory Discovering The Structure of The Atom Station 4 - Timeline Task: Using the information from your research, complete the timeline to show the development of the atomic theory. The timeline should include The following scientist: Democritus, John Dalton, JJ Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, and Niels Bohr The date, A description of their major contributions, An illustration of the model of the atom at that specific date. Atomic Theory Timeline 1911 Summary: Describe how scientific knowledge is open to change as new evidence is observed. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright 2014 – all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Name: ______________________ Atomic Theory Discovering The Structure of The Atom Station 5 – Read, Discuss, Write (Textbook Resource: Holt Science Spectrum) Task: Read the following paragraphs, and complete the exercises below. Seeing Atoms: The STM The idea that everything is made up of small particles called atoms was first proposed by Greeks in the fifth century BCE. At that time, there was no experimental evidence to support this theory, and it did not gain much acceptance. Much later, in the early 1800s, British scientist John Dalton made a convincing argument, based on experimental evidence that supported the existence of atoms. Atoms are much too small to see, but Dalton found evidence for them in things he could observe, such as reactions between compounds. Because of the work of Dalton and others, the atomic theory soon became widely accepted by scientists. How the STM Sees Atoms Until recently, all evidence for the atomic theory was indirect. However, an exciting development in 1981 made it possible to see atoms for the first time. This new technology, the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), uses an electric current to probe the surface of a material. The STM measures how electrons are distributed on the material’s surface. The results are used to create a computer generated image of the atoms on the surface. The first image created by an STM showed a layer of gold atoms. Since then, the atoms of many different substances have been observed with STMs, including silver, nickel, platinum, and silicon. At this time, STMs are used primarily for imaging atoms. STMs have also been used to move single atoms from one location to another, and other potential applications are being researched. EXERCISES – Discuss the answers to the following questions then, on your own, write your response. 1. What is the most important difference between the Greek theory of atoms and Dalton’s atomic theory? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.What is the significance of the invention of the STM? Station 6 – Creation Station: Model the Development of the Atomic Theory Task: Use the items provided to build Dalton’s model of the atom, J.J. Thomson’s model of the atom, Rutherford’s model of the atom, and Bohr’s model of the atom then answer the following questions. Materials: Modeling clay (several colors) Questions 1. Compare Thomson’s atomic model with Rutherford’s atomic model. Explain how they are the same and how they are different. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. Does the term indivisible still describe the atom? Explain. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright 2014 – all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Name: ______________________ Atomic Theory Discovering The Structure of The Atom Station 7 – The Structure of Atoms Task: Examine the diagram and think about the discoveries that each scientist made to develop the atomic theory to answer the following questions. 1. What is the center of the atom called? _____________ 2. The center of the atom is made up of positively charged particles and particles that have no electrical charge. Name the two particles. Particles with a positive charge = _____________________ Particles with no charge = ___________________________ 3. Negatively charged electrons are found in clouds outside the center of an atom. Why are electrons attracted to the center of the atom? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Extension: Use the items provided to build a model of a neutral Carbon atom. Draw your model (be sure to label what each color represents) & explain it when you’re done. Materials: 1 bowl, 30 balls (10 red, 10 yellow, 10 black), colored pencils (red, yellow, black), periodic table Draw Red represents ____________________. Yellow represents __________________. Black represents ___________________. How many protons did you use? _______ How many neutrons did you use? ______ How many electrons did you use? ______ What does the bowl represent? ___________________________________ Explain where you placed your subatomic particles and why you placed them in that location. _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ How did you select the amount of protons, neutrons, and electrons that you chose to use? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright 2014 – all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Name: ______________________ Atomic Theory Discovering The Structure of The Atom Stations 8 – Lab Simulator: Build an Atom (Online Resource: phet.colorado.edu) Task: Complete the lab simulator to answer the following questions. 1. Google Phet Build an Atom 2. Click on the first link. 3. Click on the RUN NOW button 4. Open the boxes called Symbol, Mass Number, and Net Charge. 5. Experiment by putting some protons into the nucleus of the atom (on the X). Fill in the table to the right to keep track of what you are learning about protons. Mass Charge? number? Symbol changes on the center the periodic table? (on the X)? When you finish, put the protons back into the bowl. 6. Experiment by putting some neutrons into the nucleus of the atom (on the X). Fill in the table to the right to keep track of what you are learning about neutrons. Stays in Mass Charge? number? Yes or No Yes or No Stays on Symbol changes on the X? the periodic table? Yes or No When you finish, put the neutrons back into the bowl. Yes or No 7. Experiment by putting some electrons into the nucleus of the atom (on the X). Fill in the table to the right to keep track of what you are learning about electrons. When you finish, put the electrons back into the bowl. Mass number? Charge? Stays on Symbol changes on the X? the periodic table? Yes or No Yes or No 8. Look over your data tables for protons, neutrons and electrons. Two things we noticed are: 1. _________________________________________________ 2. _________________________________________________ 9. Put 3 protons into nucleus of the atom. Fill in the following: Name of atom:___________ atom or ion? _________ net charge? _________ 10. Decide how you will build a neutral atom that is stable. Practice making atoms using your ideas. List the steps that youwould take to build a neutral atom starting with protons: 1. First I choose _______ protons and put them in the center (nucleus) of the atom. 2. 3. Extension: Play the game! © Copyright 2014 – all rights reserved www.cpalms.org