Empirical evidence for the presence of appraisals demonstrated by effects on
brain activity, physiological reactions, and expressive behaviors
(independently of self report)
Gentsch, K. Grandjean, D. & Scherer, K. R. (2014). Coherence Explored Between
Emotion Components: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials and Facial
Electromyography. Biological Psychology, 98, 70–81
van Peer, J. M., Grandjean, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2014). Sequential unfolding of
appraisals: EEG evidence for the interaction of novelty and pleasantness. Emotion,
14(1), 51-63. doi: 10.1037/a0034566
Gentsch, K., Grandjean, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2013). Temporal dynamics of eventrelated potentials related to goal conduciveness and power appraisals.
Psychophysiology, 50(10), 1010–1022.
Kreibig, S. D., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Scherer, K. R. (2012). Goal relevance and goal
conduciveness appraisals lead to differential autonomic reactivity in emotional
responding to performance feedback. Biological Psychology, 91, 365-375. (DOI:
10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.08.007)
Krumhuber, E. G. & Scherer, K. R. (2011). Affect bursts: Dynamic patterns of facial
expression. Emotion, 11(4), 825-841.
Mortillaro, M., Mehu, M., & Scherer, K. R. (2011). Subtly different positive emotions
can be distinguished by their facial expressions. Social Psychological and Personality
Science, 2, 262-271.
Aue, T. . & Scherer, K. R. (2011). Effects of intrinsic pleasantness and goal
conduciveness appraisals on somatovisceral responding: Somewhat similar, but not
identical. Biological Psychology, 86, 65–73.
Goudbeek, M. & Scherer, K. R. (2010). Beyond arousal: Valence and potency/control
in the vocal expression of emotion. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128,
3, 1322-1336.
Kreibig, S. D., Gendolla, G. H. E., & Scherer, K. R. (2010). Psychophysiological effects
of emotional responding to goal attainment. Biological Psychology, 84, 474–487.
Delplanque, S., Grandjean, D., Chrea, C., Aymard, L., Cayeux, I., Margot, C., Velazco, M.
I., Sander, D., and Scherer, K. R. (2009). Sequential unfolding of novelty and
pleasantness appraisals of odors: Evidence from facial electromyography and
autonomic reactions. Emotion, 9(3), 316-328.
Flykt, A., Dan, E. S., & Scherer, K. R. (2009). Using a probe detection task to assess the
timing of intrinsic pleasantness appraisals. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 68(3), 161171.
Aue, T. & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Appraisal-driven somatovisceral response
patterning: Effects of intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness. Biological
Psychology, 79(2), 158–164.
Grandjean, D., & Scherer, K. R. (2008). Unpacking the cognitive architecture of
emotion processes. Emotion, 8(3), 341–351.
Delplanque, S., Grandjean, D., Chrea, C., Aymard, L,. Cayeux, I., Le Calve, B. Velazco,
M.I.,. Scherer, K.R., & Sander, D. (2008). Emotional Processing of Odors: Evidence for
a Nonlinear Relation between Pleasantness and Familiarity Evaluations. Chemical
Senses, 33, 469-479.
Brosch, T., Sander, D., Pourtois, G., & Scherer, K.R. (2008). Beyond fear: Rapid spatial
orienting towards emotional positive stimuli. Psychological Science, 14(9), 362-370.
Johnstone, T., van Reekum, C. M., Bänziger, T., Hird, K., Kirsner, K., Scherer, K. R.
(2007). The effects of gain versus loss and difficulty on vocal physiology and
acoustics. Psychophysiology, 44, 827-837.
Brosch, T.; Sander, D.; Scherer, K. R. (2007). That baby caught my eye... Attention
capture by infant faces. Emotion, 7(3), 685-689.
Sander, D., Grandjean, D, Kaiser, S., Wehrle, T., & Scherer, K.R. (2007). Interaction
effects of perceived gaze direction and dynamic facial expression: Evidence for
appraisal theories of emotion. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19(3), 470480.
Aue, T., Flykt, A., & Scherer, K.R. (2007). First evidence for differential and
sequential efferent effects of goal relevance and goal conduciveness appraisal.
Biological Psychology, 74, 347–357.
Scherer, K. R. & Ellgring, H. (2007). Are facial expressions of emotion produced by
categorical affect programs or dynamically driven by appraisal? Emotion, 7(1,) 113130.
Scherer, K. R. & Ellgring, H. (2007). Multimodal Expression of Emotion: Affect
Programs or Componential Appraisal Patterns? Emotion, 7(1), 158-171.
Johnstone, T., van Reekum, C. M., Hird, K., Kirsner, K., & Scherer, K. R. (2005).
Affective speech elicited with a computer game. Emotion, 5(4), 513-518.
Scherer, K. R., Zentner, M. R., & Stern, D. (2004). Beyond Surprise: The Puzzle of
Infants' Expressive Reactions to Expectancy Violation. Emotion, 4(4), 389-402.
van Reekum, C., Banse, R., Johnstone, T., Etter, A., Wehrle, T., & Scherer, K. R. (2004).
Psychophysiological responses to appraisal responses in a computer game.
Cognition and Emotion, 18(5), 663-688.
Banse, R. & Scherer, K. R. (1996). Acoustic profiles in vocal emotion expression.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(3), 614-636.