1.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
What is a specific segment of DNA that directs protein synthesis?
a. Chromosome
b. Locus
c. Chromatid
d. Gene
Which of the following is true regarding interphase?
a. Chromatids separate during this phase.
b. Male and female gametes combine to form a zygote.
c. It is the longest phase of cell division
d. The cell cytoplasm divides
During which phase of the cell cycle does growth occur?
Anaphase
Interphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
structure dissolves so that the sister chromatids can move to opposite ends of the cell during cell division?
Centromere
Allele
Chromosome
sister chromatids
5.
a.
b.
c.
Which type of cell division is responsible for the repair of your skin following a sunburn?
both meiosis and mitosis
meiosis
mitosis
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
During which phase of mitosis would you expect to see chromosomes consisting of two chromatids within
the nucleus?
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
In a cell with 4 chromosomes, how many sister chromatids are visible during telophase?
8
16
0
4
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
During which phase of mitosis do spindle fibers pull the chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell?
Anaphase
Telophase
Metaphase
Prophase
9.
How many chromosomes arranged in how many pairs would be shown in a normal human karyotype?
a. 92, 46
b. 23, 23
2.
c.
d.
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4, 2
46, 23
Cytokinesis is associated with which of the following?
Meiosis
Mitosis
both meiosis and mitosis
neither meiosis nor mitosis
a.
b.
c.
d.
11. Which of the following is a result of meiosis?
half the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
double the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
zygote
2n egg and sperm
a.
b.
c.
d.
12. How many nuclear divisions occur during meiosis?
an unknown large number
0
1
2
a.
b.
c.
d.
13. Which of the following processes results in only one of the haploid cells being viable?
Meiosis
Mitosis
Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis
a.
b.
c.
d.
14. Meiosis is called reduction division. When does the reduction in chromosome number occur?
both metaphase I and metaphase II
anaphase I
interphase
anaphase II
a.
b.
c.
d.
15. Crossing over results in ____________.
cancerous growths
new genetic combinations
new species
gametes
a.
b.
c.
d.
16. What is nondisjunction?
failure of chromosomes to separate during mitosis
failure of chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during mitosis
failure of the cells to separate to form twins
failure of chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate during meiosis
17. By convention, the sequence of bases in a nucleic acid is usually expressed in the _________ direction.
a. 3' to 1'
b. 3' to 5'
c. 1' to 3'
d.
e.
5' to 3'
clockwise
18. Since the first nucleotides cannot be linked in a newly synthesized strand in DNA replication, ___________ is
required.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a DNA primer
DNA polymerase
Ligase
an RNA primer
helicase
Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
the leading strand toward the replication fork
the lagging strand toward the replication fork
both strands in both directions
the leading strand away from the replication fork
the lagging strand away from the replication fork
20. DNA replication is called semiconservative because _______________ of the original duplex appears in
the duplex formed in replication.
a. None
b. Most
c. Half
d. hardly any
e. all
21. In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by
a. ribase
b. ligase
c. deoxase
d. helicase
e. polymerase
22. How often does DNA polymerase make an error during DNA replication?
a. One error in every 100 nucleotide pairs
b. One error in every 1,000 nucleotide pairs
c. One error in every 10,000,000 nucleotide pairs
23.
a.
b.
c.
24.
a.
b.
c.
When does DNA polymerase perform its proofreading function on mispaired nucleotides?
Before adding the next nucleotide in the chain
After adding a stretch of about 100 more nucleotides
After finishing the DNA strand
What is the function of single-strand binding proteins in DNA replication?
They unwind a DNA double helix to form two separate, single strands.
They bind to single-stranded DNA and assist in the re-formation of double-stranded DNA.
They bind to single-stranded DNA and prevent the single-strands from re-forming base pairs.
25. Most cancers arise from cells that have accumulated multiple mutations.
a.
b.
True
False
26.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
What type of enzyme fills in the gap after damaged DNA has been removed?
Polymerase
Nuclease
Primase
Ligase
Healicase
27.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Retroviruses like HIV:
must copy their RNA genomes into DNA to replicate.
must copy their DNA genomes into RNA to replicate.
must copy the host's genome to replicate
contain no genes of their own.
28.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A point mutation that changes a codon specifying an amino acid into a stop codon is called a
missense mutation.
nonsense mutation.
frameshift mutation.
deletion mutation
29.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A ____ mutation originates during meiosis while a ____ mutation originates during mitosis.
germinal, somatic
germinal, spontaneous
somatic, germinal
spontaneous, point
30.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A spontaneous mutation usually originates as an error in
DNA replication.
DNA transcription.
translation.
reverse transcription.
31 What would happen if all of the steps of meiosis occur properly except crossing over
32 Why do 4 sperm form during meiosis in males, but only one oocyte and 3 “polar bodies” form during meiosis in
females?
33 In advanced metastatic cancers, 100’s of genes may be mutated, including proto-oncogenes and tumor
suppressors. However, sometimes stimulation of p53 function may slow down growth of these cancers. Explain
why
34 Describe some differences between DNA replication in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes
35 DNA replication starts at specific locations in chromosomes called origins of replication. The DNA sequence of
origin of replication is usually rich in A-T pairs. Why?
36 Draw the phases of meiosis II
37. Give an example of a missense mutation and name the other 4 types of small scale mutations we talked about