Language
Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards
and the Ohio ACS
Kindergarten – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level
Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth

Use frequently occurring verbs and nouns
(L.K.1b)

Print/recognize upper and lower case
letters

Understand and use common inflections
(including plurals and affixes) to identify
words (L.K.1c, L.K. 4b)

Identify and use end punctuation
appropriately


Use common prepositions, verbs and
adjectives and their opposites, and
understand words that differ by small
shades of meaning (L.K. 1e, L.K.5b, L.K.5d)
Identifying new words by context or
resource

Ability to do word sorts/categorize words



Increase vocabulary through
conversations, reading and being read to
and responding to texts. (L.K.6)

Use words that signal questions (L.K.1d)
Use letter-sound relationships to spell
words which includes consonant and
short vowel sounds
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The skills and concepts found in the CCSS
Language Strand are located throughout the
standard, benchmarks and indicators of the
Ohio Academic Standards. The Common Core
added the Language Strand, not because it
needed more emphasis, but because the skills
and concepts addressed in this section applied
across the Reading, Writing and Speaking and
Listening Strands.
The Acquisition of Vocabulary is included as a
topic in this strand.

Many of the skills identified in the
Language Strand are smaller components
of larger concepts that can be found in the
OACS, but because of the specificity they
are listed here as new content.

Recognition and use of environmental
print (now found in the revised Preschool
standards)
Produce and expand sentences using
appropriate structures
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 1 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level




Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth

Use appropriate end punctuation

Use letter sound relationships to spell
words
Use common, proper and possessive
nouns (L.1.1b)

Use capitalization for first word in
sentence, names and dates
Use personal, possessive and indefinite
pronouns (L.1.1d)

Use nouns, verbs and adjectives
Commas in dates and to separate single
words in series (L.1.2c)
Use conjunctions, determiners, and
frequently occurring prepositions (L.1.1g,
L.1.1h, L.1.1i)

Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The concepts and skills found in the CCSS
Language Strand are located throughout the
standard, benchmarks and indicators of the
OACS. The Common Core added the Language
Strand, not because it needed more emphasis,
but because the skills and concepts addressed
in this section applied across the Reading,
Writing and Speaking and Listening Strands.
Understand verbs that reflect tense (past,
present and future) using appropriate
inflectional endings

Produce and expand simple and
compound sentences (L.1.1j)

Use context and other resources to
determine word meaning

Increase vocabulary through
conversations and being read to and
responding to texts.( L.1.6)

Use affixes to determine word meanings

Perform word sorts/classify words
according to categories
The skills found in the Acquisition of
Vocabulary Standard in the OACS are included
in this strand.
Predict the meaning of compound words
using knowledge of individual words
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 2 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level

Use reflexive pronouns (L.2.1d)

Use adverbs correctly (L.2.1f)







Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth

Correctly spell and use plurals and tenses
correctly (both regular and irregular
forms)
Produce and expand simple and
compound sentences (L.2.1f)

Capitalize proper nouns (product names,
holidays and geographic names)
Use commas in greetings and closings of
letters (L.2.2b)

Use adjectives correctly

Use apostrophes for contractions

Use resources to check spelling and to
determine meanings
Use apostrophes for possessives (L.2.2c)
Compare formal and informal English(
L.2.3a)
Use individual word meaning to predict
meaning of compound words (Grade 1 AV
D6 of the OACS) - (L.2.4d)
Demonstrate understanding of figurative
language and the nuances of word
meanings (L.2.5)
Increase vocabulary through
conversations and being read
to/responding to texts. (L.2.6)
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The concepts and skills found in the CCSS
Language strand are located throughout the
standard of the OACS. The Common core
added the Language Strand, not because it
needed more emphasis, but because the skills
and concepts addressed in this section can be
applied across the Reading, Writing and
Speaking and Listening Strands.
The skills found in the Acquisition of
Vocabulary Standard of the OACS are included
in this strand.

Use spelling patterns when writing words

Use root (base) words and affixes as a
spelling strategy

Print legibly, appropriately spacing letters,
words and sentences

Spell words with blends and diagraphs

Personal pronouns are in Grade 1 (L.1.1d)

Rhyming is included in the Reading for
Literature Strand (RL.2.4)

Connect common abbreviations to whole
words
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 3 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level
Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth

Using keyboarding skills

Read and write multi-syllabic words

Use commas in addresses

Spell high frequency words correctly

Use of adjectives is emphasized in both
sets of standards, however the CCSS
specifically includes use of comparative (er, closer, smoother) and superlative
(closest, smoothest) adjectives.

Spell words with common affixes
correctly/ determine word meaning when
an affix is added.

Use nouns, verbs, adjectives and
conjunctions correctly; use regular and
irregular verbs, subjects and verbs in
agreement; use possessives


Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The concepts and skills found in the CCSS
Language strand are located throughout the
standard of the OACS. The Common core
added the Language Strand, not because it
needed more emphasis, but because the skills
and concepts addressed in this section can be
applied across the Reading, Writing and
Speaking and Listening Strands.
The skills found in the Acquisition of
Vocabulary Standard of the OACS are included
in this strand.
As a precursor to connotation and
denotation identify shades of meaning
among related words (thought, concept,
idea, intention)


Acquire and use grade-appropriate
general academic and domain specific
words and phrases.
Use resources and references to check
and correct spelling and to determine
word meaning.
Spell contractions, compounds and
homonyms correctly (found earlier in the
CCSS).

Distinguish between nonliteral (figurative)
and nonliteral language.

Cursive writing

Use commas in a series and in dialogue
(along with quotation marks).
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 4 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level
Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth

Usage of relative pronouns and adverbs
and modal auxiliaries L.4.1a and 1c

Form and use verb tenses that are in
agreement with the subject.

Order adjectives within sentences L.4.1d

Use prepositional phrases

Correctly spell and use frequently
confused words L.4.1g

Vary sentence types, recognize and
correct fragments

Use commas and quotation marks in
dialogue L.4.2b

Correctly spell high frequency and grade
appropriate words
Use comma correctly in a compound
sentence L.4.2c




Use punctuation for effect in written
compositions L.4.3b
Explain the meaning of common idioms,
adages and proverbs L.4.5b
Content/Skills no longer a focus at this
grade level
The concepts and skills found in the CCSS
Language strand are located throughout the
standard of the OACS. The Common core
added the Language Strand, not because it
needed more emphasis, but because the skills
and concepts addressed in this section can be
applied across the Reading, Writing and
Speaking and Listening Strands.
Consult resources (print and digital) to
determine word pronunciation and
meaning and to add precise vocabulary to
written text

Understand and use similes and
metaphors\

Understand and use figurative language
(literal and nonliteral meanings)

Demonstrate understanding of word
relationships (i.e., synonym, antonym)
The skills found in the Acquisition of
Vocabulary Standard of the OACS are included
in this strand.

Usage of nominative and objective
pronouns
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 5 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level

Explain function of conjunctions,
prepositions and interjections L.5.1a

Use correlative conjunctions L.5.1e




Correctly spell and use frequently
confused words L.5.1g
Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth

Form and use verb tenses that are in
agreement with the subject and mark
specific time.

Use conjunctions

Use commas appropriately (in a series, to
separate an introductory element, to set
off the words yes & no, and to indicate
direct address.
Compare and contrast varieties of English.
L.5.3b
Use underlining, quotation marks or italics
to indicate titles of works. L.5.2d

Explain the meaning of common idioms,
adages and proverbs L.5.5b
Correctly spell high frequency and grade
appropriate words consulting resources
(print and digital) to determine word
pronunciation /meaning and to add
precise vocabulary to written text when
necessary

Understand and use similes and
metaphors/figurative language (literal and
nonliteral meanings)

Demonstrate understanding of word
relationships (i.e., synonym, antonym,
homograph)

Use roots & affixes to determine word
meaning
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The concepts and skills found in the CCSS
Language strand are located throughout the
standard of the OACS. The Common core
added the Language Strand, not because it
needed more emphasis, but because the skills
and concepts addressed in this section can be
applied across the Reading, Writing and
Speaking and Listening Strands.
The skills found in the Acquisition of
Vocabulary Standard of the OACS are included
in this strand.

Usage of indefinite, relative, objective and
nominative case pronouns (all found at
earlier grades).
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 6 – Language Arts Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level

Vary sentence patterns for meaning,
reader/listener interest, and style.

Maintain consistency in style and tone.
L.6.3
Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth

Demonstrate command of the
conventions of standard English
capitalization, punctuation, and spelling
when writing.
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The skills and concepts found in the CCSS
Language Strand are located throughout the
standard, benchmarks and indicators of the
Ohio Academic Standards.

Choose language that expresses ideas
precisely and concisely, recognizing and
eliminating wordiness and redundancy.
The Common Core added the Language
Strand, not because it needed more emphasis,
but because the skills and concepts addressed
in this section applied across the Reading,
Writing and Speaking and Listening strands.

Use context and common, gradeappropriate Greek or Latin affixes and
roots as clues of a word or phrase.
The skills from the Acquisition of Vocabulary
standard are included as a topic in this strand.

Use multiple resources to enhance
comprehension of vocabulary.

Demonstrate understanding/Recognize
the importance of figurative language

Use the relationship between particular
words to better understand each of the
words.
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 7 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level
Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level

Distinguish among the connotations of
words with similar denotations
(definitions). L.7.5.c
Conventions of Standard English
 Demonstrate command of conventions of
standard English grammar and usage
when writing or speaking.

Acquire and use accurately gradeappropriate general academic and
domain-specific words and phrases;
gather vocabulary knowledge when
considering a word or phrase important to
comprehension or expression. L.7.6
The skills and concepts found in the CCSS
Language Strand are located throughout the
standard, benchmarks and indicators of the
Ohio Academic Standards. The Common Core
added the Language Strand, not because it
needed more emphasis, but because the skills
and concepts addressed in this section applied
across the Reading, Writing and Speaking and
Listening Strands.
Knowledge of Language
 Choose language that expresses ideas
precisely and concisely, recognize/
eliminate wordiness/ redundancy.
The Acquisition of Vocabulary is included as a
topic in this strand.
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
 Use context as a clue to meaning of a
word or phrase

Use common, Greek or Latin affixes/roots
to determine word meaning

Use multiple resources to enhance
comprehension of vocabulary

Demonstrate understanding/Recognize
the importance of figurative language

Use the relationship between particular
words (e.g., synonym/antonym, analogy)
to better understand each of the words.
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grade 8 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level
Content that is still included but may be
modified or at a greater depth
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
 Acquire/use accurately general academic
and domain-specific words and phrases.
L.8.6
Conventions of Standard English
 Demonstrate command of conventions of
standard English grammar/usage/
punctuation/capitalization and spelling
when writing or speaking.
The skills and concepts found in the CCSS
Language Strand are located throughout the
standard, benchmarks and indicators of the
Ohio Academic Standards. The Common Core
added the Language Strand, not because it
needed more emphasis, but because the skills
and concepts addressed in this section applied
across the Reading, Writing and Speaking and
Listening Strands.
Knowledge of Language
 Choose language that expresses ideas
precisely/concisely, eliminating
wordiness/redundancy.
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
 Use context, common, grade-appropriate
Greek or Latin affixes and roots as a clue
to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Use multiple resources to enhance
comprehension of vocabulary.

Recognize role and importance of
figurative language

Use relationship between particular
words) to better understand each word.
The Acquisition of Vocabulary is included as a
topic in this strand.
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grades 9-10 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level
Content that is still included at but may
be modified or at a greater depth
 Use parallel structure (L.9-10.1.a)
 Both systems take a hybrid approach to
the language skills and concepts
 Use a colon to introduce a list or
quotation (L.9-10.2.b)
 Write and edit work according to the
appropriate style guide (L.9-10.3.a)
 Identify and correctly use patterns of
word changes that indicate different
meanings or parts of speech (L.9-10.4.b)
 Analyzing nuances in the meaning words
with similar denotations (L.9-10.5.b)
 Acquiring and accurately using general
academic and domain-specific words.
(Using the three tiers of words)
 Demonstrate a command of standard
English grammar, conventions, spelling,
punctuation and capitalization.
 Use context clues and multiple resources
to determine the meaning of words and
enhance vocabulary
 Apply knowledge of language to
understand how it functions in different
contexts
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The skills and concepts found in the Common
Core State Standards Language Strand are
located throughout the standards,
benchmarks, and indicators of the Ohio
Academic Content Standards. The CCSS added
the Language Strand, not because it needed
more emphasis but because the skills and
concepts addressed in this section applied
across the Reading, Writing, and Speaking and
Listening Strands.
The Acquisition of Vocabulary is included as a
topic in this strand.
Many of the skills identified in the Language
Strand are smaller components of larger
concepts that can be found in the OACS, but
because of the specificity, they are listed here
as new content.
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS
Grades 11-12 – Language Comparative Analysis
Content that is new to this grade level
Content that is still included at but may
be modified or at a greater depth
 Acquire and accurately use general
academic and domain-specific words.
(Using the three tiers of words)
 Both systems take a hybrid approach to
the language standards

Demonstrate a command of standard
English grammar & conventions including
spelling conventions, punctuation and
capitalization
 Use context clues to determine the
meaning of words and use multiple
resources to enhance vocabulary
 Apply a knowledge of language to
understand its functions in different
contexts
Content that is no longer a focus at this
grade level
The skills and concepts found in the Common
Core State Standards Language Strand are
located throughout the standards,
benchmarks, and indicators of the Ohio
Academic Content Standards. The CCSS added
the Language Strand, not because it needed
more emphasis but because the skills and
concepts addressed in this section applied
across the Reading, Writing, and Speaking and
Listening Strands.
The Acquisition of Vocabulary is included as a
topic in this strand.
Many of the skills identified in the Language
Strand are smaller components of larger
concepts that can be found in the OACS, but
because of the specificity, they are listed here
as new content.
Language Comparative Analysis of the
ELA Common Core State Standards and the Ohio ACS