Instructional Support Science Grade 2 Unit Title: How Plants and Animals Live Suggested Timeline Second marking period Suggested Duration 7-10 days Big Ideas In what ways do organisms interact within ecosystems? What do all living things have in common? What are the different parts of a plant and how do these parts help plants survive? Standards 5.3 Life Science Life science principles are powerful conceptual tools for making sense of the complexity, diversity, and interconnectedness of life on Earth. Order in natural systems arises in accordance with rules that govern the physical world, and the order of natural systems can be modeled and predicted through the use of mathematics. Strand B. Matter and Energy Transformations Food is required for energy and building cellular materials. Organisms in an ecosystem have different ways of obtaining food, and some organisms obtain their food directly from other organisms. Strand C. Interdependence All animals and most plants depend on both other organisms and their environments for their basic needs. Student Learning Objectives Students will be able to identify the different parts of a plant. Students will be able to describe the basic needs of plants and animals. Students will explain how certain plants and animals survive in different habitats (adaptations). Students will explain how plants and animals get their food. Students will distinguish between animals with/without backbones. Standards Addressed 5.3.2.B.1 Describe the requirements for the care of plants and animals related to meeting their energy needs. 5.3.2.B.2 Compare how animals obtain food and water. 5.3.2.B.3 Explain that most plants get water from soil through their roots and Suggested Student Experiences Activities Students can grow plants in classrooms from seeds. Have them record all of their observations in a log book/sheet. Students can make predictions as their plants grow. Students can sort different groups of animals and identify specific characteristics used to separate them (mammals, birds, reptiles, invertebrates). Give students different animals. In groups, have them describe how the animal survives in its habitat. Demonstrate to students how water travels up a plant by using the following demonstration: MATERIALS Clear glass jar(s) or small clear vase Celery stalks with leaves. Water Suggested Resources / Materials Introduce the following vocabulary: Nutrients Roots Stem Leaves Flower Adapted Habitat Desert Marsh Prairie Camouflage Amphibians Reptiles Insects The following websites provide many useful powerpoints, vocabulary quizzes, lesson plans, and helpful websites to use with the topics. Students will describe how plants and animals help each other. Food Coloring gather light through their leaves. 5.3.2.C.1 Describe the ways in which organisms interact with each other and their habitats in order to meet basic needs. STEPS 1. Explain experiment. We are going to find out how plants absorb water and grow. 2. Separate and select stalks of celery with leaves. Cut about a quarter inch off the bottom. 3. Put water into glass jar or vase. 4. Drop 3-4 drops of food coloring into jar. 5. Place stalks into the water and using stalk stir very gently until food coloring is dispersed evenly. 6. Have child make predictions about what will happen. Write it in a simple sentence and "point and read" together. 7. Make 2-3 observations. Check after one hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours (or overnight) to see developments. 8. Cut the bottom of the celery and you can see where the water was transported up into the celery stem. Interdisciplinary Connections Students can write observations in a log. Students can use technology to research animals without backbones. Assessments Scott Foresman assessment book pp. 1-4 Observation logs from plant growth http://www.vrml.k12.la.us/2nd/Homework/science/links/2_scienceu3.htm http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.colt.nonliving/ http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/tdc02.sci.life.colt.lp.living/ Scott Foresman The Diamond Edition Grade 2 Edition, Volume 1 Chapters 1-4 SUBJECT Grade 2 Unit Title: Life Cycles of Plants and Animals Suggested Timeline Second marking period Suggested Duration 7-10 days Big Ideas How do organisms change as they go through their life cycle? How are parents and offspring different from each other? How does this help them survive? Standards 5.3 Life Science Life science principles are powerful conceptual tools for making sense of the complexity, diversity, and interconnectedness of life on Earth. Order in natural systems arises in accordance with rules that govern the physical world, and the order of natural systems can be modeled and predicted through the use of mathematics. Strand C. Interdependence All animals and most plants depend on both other organisms and their environments for their basic needs. Stand D. Heredity and Reproduction Organisms reproduce, develop, and have predictable life cycles. Organisms contain genetic information that influences their traits, and they pass this on to their offspring during reproduction. Strand E. Evolution and Diversity Sometimes, differences between organisms of the same kind provide advantages for surviving and reproducing in different environments. These selective differences may lead to dramatic changes in characteristics or organisms in a population over extremely long periods of time. Student Learning Objectives Students will illustrate the life cycles of various different animals. Students will illustrate the life cycle of a bean plant. Students will describe how plants, animals, and people grow and change. Students will compare and contrast how Standards Addressed 5.3.2.C.1 Describe the ways in which organisms interact with each other and their habitats in order to meet basic needs. 5.3.2.D.2 Determine the characteristic changes that occur during the Suggested Student Experiences Activities Buy a caterpillar/butterfly life cycle kit or a bullfrog kit and have students observe the changes the caterpillar (or frog) goes through. Kits can be purchased from www.carolina.com under “living organisms”. Have students record observations in a log sheet. Suggested Resources / Materials Introduce the following vocabulary: Life cycle Nymph Seed coat Germinate Seedling Reproduce Living things Assessments Students can fill in the diagram below to illustrate the life cycle of a butterfly (can be found on the The following website has printable life cycles of monarch butterflies, dragonflies, frogs, spiders, young animals are like/unlike their parents. life cycle of plants and animals by examining a variety of species and distinguish between growth and development. website under teacher resources): penguins, and great white sharks. Worksheets can be printed out with/without words and used for assessments: http://www.kidzone.ws/animals/lifecycle.htm 5.3.2.E.1 Describe similarities and differences in observable traits between parents and offspring. Scott Foresman assessment, Assessment pp. 13-16 Students can be given a picture of two animals, one as a baby and one as an adult. They will write an essay to describe how that baby will change as it grows into an adult. SCIENCE Grade 2 Unit Title: Food Chains/Food Webs Suggested Timeline Second marking period Suggested Duration 7-10 days Big Ideas In what ways do organisms interact within ecosystems? How do plants and animals get food within different habitats? How are different plants and animals a part of different food chains? What can cause a food web to change? Standards 5.3 Life Science Life science principles are powerful conceptual tools for making sense of the complexity, diversity, and interconnectedness of life on Earth. Order in natural systems arises in accordance with rules that govern the physical world, and the order of natural systems can be modeled and predicted through the use of mathematics. Strand B. Matter and Energy Transformations Food is required for energy and building cellular materials. Organisms in an ecosystem have different ways of obtaining food, and some organisms obtain their food directly from other organisms. Strand C. Interdependence All animals and most plants depend on both other organisms and their environments for their basic needs. Student Learning Objectives Students will explain how plants and animals get food. Students will define producer, consumer, predator, prey, food chain, and food web. Students will describe how plants and animals are part of a food chain. Students will show how food chains in different habitats differ. Standards Addressed 5.3.2.C.1 Describe the ways in which organisms interact with each other and their habitats in order to meet basic needs. Suggested Student Experiences Activities Guided inquiry found on page 90 of Scott Foresman Volume 1 teacher’s guide. Students will create a classroom food web. Have kids pick 3 animals: mixture of producers and consumers. They can draw a picture of each on a small paper plate. They can arrange the three in the correct order of the food chain. Staple the three plates together and hang them up around the room. Interdisciplinary Connections Students can use measurement to find out how long some animals can be. Using the measurements on page 93 of Scott Foresman Vol. 1, students can use a ruler and measure each animal’s length. Suggested Resources / Materials Introduce the following vocabulary: Life cycle Producer Consumer Food chain Predator Prey Food web Shelter Habitat Students can play the food chains game and sort animals according to category on the following website: Assessments Have students define key vocabulary words: producer, consumer, predator, prey, food chain, and food web, and provide a drawing for each one. Chapter test, Scott Foresman Vol. 1 Assessment pp. 9-12 http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/gamesactivities/foodchai ns.html SUBJECT Grade _2_ Unit Title: Weather Suggested Timeline 10-12 days (Marking Period 4) Suggested Duration 10-12 days Big Ideas What are some kinds of weather? What is the water cycle? What is spring, summer, fall, and winter? What are some bad kinds of weather? Standards 5.4 - Earth Systems Science: All students will understand that Earth operates as a set of complex, dynamic, and interconnected systems, and is a part of the all-encompassing system of the universe. Strand F. Climate and Weather: Earth’s weather and climate systems are the result of complex interactions between land, ocean, ice, and atmosphere. 5.1 - Science Practices: All students will understand that science is both a body of knowledge and an evidence-based, model-building enterprise that continually extends, refines, and revises knowledge. The four Science Practices strands encompass the knowledge and reasoning skills that students must acquire to be proficient in science. Strand A. Understand Scientific Explanations: Students understand core concepts and principles of science and use measurement and observation tools to assist in categorizing, representing, and interpreting the natural and designed world. Strand B. Generate Scientific Evidence Through Active Investigations: Students master the conceptual, mathematical, physical, and computational tools that need to be applied when constructing and evaluating claims. Student Learning Objectives Students will be able to recall weather patterns occur in patterns over time. Students will be able to explain that most natural events occur in patterns Students will be able to recognize patterns in weather Students will be able to define key Standards Addressed 5.4.2.F.1 Observe and document daily weather conditions and discuss how the weather influences your activities for the day. 5.1.4.B.1 Design and follow simple plans using systematic observations to explore questions and predictions. Suggested Student Experiences Activities Create a KWL chart in a whole group setting to assess students knowledge of weather Discuss essential questions at the start of each lesson to prepare students for daily learning objectives Have students record a hypothesis and discuss observations while using a thermometer to measure the temperature of warm water and cold water Perform the directed inquiry observation acitivity in small groups on page 172 to allow students to become familiar with a rain gauge Explore the water cycle using the technology link found on page 178 in the Scott Foresman teachers manual Have students create a poster or model of the water cycle – can be constructed as an assessment or an extension activity Use the Scott Foresmn big book to explore the seasons – extend the lessons by discussing weather patterns during each season and have students then evaluate how the weather affects their lifestyle While exploring the seasons, discuss the tools used by meteorologists in each season and use or create these tools (e.g. wind sock, thermometer, rain gauge, etc.) Discuss tornadoes using the Fujita Scale found on page 190 Suggested Resources / Materials Vocabulary Water Cycle Evaporate Condense Migrate Hibernate Lightning Tornado Hurricanes Books Hide and Seek Fog – Tresselt, Alvin Come On, Rain! - Hesse, Karen Thunder Cake - Polacco, Patricia Bartholomew and the Oobleck – Dr. Seuss Hurricane! - Jonathan London Tornadoes! - Gail Gibbons The Reasons for Seasons - Gail Gibbons Hurricanes! - Gail Gibbons Catch the Wind!: All About Kites - Gail Gibbons Weather Words and What They Mean - Gail Gibbons vocabulary Students will be able to use scientific processing to create their own hypotheses, record data, make inferences, and communicat e data when exploring the natural world Students will be able to use a variety of tools to explore weather 5.1.4.A.1 Demonstrate understanding of the interrelationships among fundamental concepts in the physical, life, and Earth systems sciences. Observe tornadoes and tornado damage using books, images, and video clips Create a tornado tube using Two plastic 1-liter bottles, water, bowl or other container, stopwatch or watch with a second hand to record your times, duct tape, metal washer, pitcher (http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/experiment/tornadoin-a-bottle) Explore hurricanes Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Observe hurricanes and hurricane damagae using books, images, or video clips Conduct an air pressure or evaporation experiment (http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-hurricane.htm) Interdisciplinary Connections Read Alouds or Possible Reading Selections Fiction Hide and Seek Fog – Tresselt, Alvin Come On, Rain! - Hesse, Karen Thunder Cake - Polacco, Patricia Bartholomew and the Oobleck – Dr. Seuss Hurricane! - Jonathan London Nonfiction Tornadoes! - Gail Gibbons The Reasons for Seasons - Gail Gibbons Hurricanes! - Gail Gibbons Catch the Wind!: All About Kites - Gail Gibbons Weather Words and What They Mean - Gail Gibbons Rain - Marion Dane Bauer Hurricane Watch - Franklyn Mansfield Branley Math Connection 2.MD.10 -Draw a picture graph and a bar graph (with single-unit scale) to represent a data set with up to four categories. Solve simple put-together, take-apart, and compare problems using information presented in a bar graph. Assessments Scaffolded Questions Checkpoint questions Chapter Review Activity Rubrics Written observations Workbook Pages – pg 67 – 77 Chapter 6 Test – Assessment book – pg 35-38 Rain - Marion Dane Bauer Hurricane Watch - Franklyn Mansfield Branley Websites http://www.weatherwizkids.com/ http://www.teachingheart.net/weather.htm http://theweatherchannelkids.com/ http://skydiary.com/kids/ http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/ http://www.lisd.org/technology/itswebs/elem/curr / science/2sciwebsites.htm Scott Foresman Activity Flip Chart, Lab Zone Acitivities, and DVD SUBJECT Grade 2 Unit Title: Forces and Motion Suggested Timeline 10-12 days (Marking Period 4) Suggested Duration 10-12 days Big Ideas How can you measure force? How do objects move? What is work? How can you change the way things move? How can simple machines help you do work? What are magnets and what can they do? Standards 5.2 Physical Science: All students will understand that physical science principles, including fundamental ideas about matter, energy, and motion, are powerful conceptual tools for making sense of phenomena in physical, living, and Earth systems science. Strand E. Forces and Motion: It takes energy to change the motion of objects. The energy change is understood in terms of forces. 5.1 - Science Practices: All students will understand that science is both a body of knowledge and an evidence-based, model-building enterprise that continually extends, refines, and revises knowledge. The four Science Practices strands encompass the knowledge and reasoning skills that students must acquire to be proficient in science. Strand A. Understand Scientific Explanations: Students understand core concepts and principles of science and use measurement and observation tools to assist in categorizing, representing, and interpreting the natural and designed world. Strand B. Generate Scientific Evidence Through Active Investigations: Students master the conceptual, mathematical, physical, and computational tools that need to be applied when constructing and evaluating claims. Student Learning Objectives Students will be able to identify words and construct meaning from text, illustrations, graphics, and charts using the strategies of phonics, word structure, and context clues Students will be able to to compare the amount of pushing and pulling required to move objects of various sizes across the floor Students will be able to explain the relationship between force and motion Standards Addressed 5.2.2.E.1 Investigate and model the various ways that inanimate objects can move. 5.2.2.E.2 Predict an object’s relative speed, path, or how far it will travel using various forces and surfaces. 5.2.2.E.3 Distinguish a force that acts by direct contact with an object (e.g., by pushing or pulling) from a force that can act without direct contact (e.g., the Suggested Student Experiences Activities Conduct the directed inquiry and guided inquiry activities that can be found on page 297D Complete both activities found in the activity flip chart (can be found on page 297E) Create a KWL chart to assess students background knowledge or use building background resources found in ELL support book Create and concept web with students (example can be found on page 297) Use technology link to explore force Assign the Forces in the Kitchen Journal assignment found on page 305 Conduct dump truck activity (choose from beginner, intermediate, or advanced lesson) found on page 309 Create a friction word map – complete friction activity in which students pull a book across a table and then pull the Suggested Resources / Materials Vocabulary Motion Force Gravity Work Friction Simple machine Attract Repel Books Force Makes Things Move by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley Making Things Move by Sian Smith Move It!: Motion, Forces and You by Adrienne Mason The Magic School Bus Plays Ball: A Book About Forces by Joanna Cole Friction and Resistance (Fantastic Forces) by Chris Oxlade Forces and Motion (My World of Science) by Angela Royston Wayside School Falling Down by Louis Sacher Students will be able to recognize that the amount and direction of force exerted on an object determines how much the object will move Students will be able to identify the different heat sources Students will be able to recall different simple machines and describe how they change effort Students will be able to explain ways that simple machines make work easier Students will be able to recognize that objects may be moved and pulled with magnets attraction between a magnet and a steel paper clip). 5.1.4.B.1 Design and follow simple plans using systematic observations to explore questions and predictions. 5.1.4.A.1 Demonstrate understanding of the interrelationships among fundamental concepts in the physical, life, and Earth systems sciences. book once again with pencils placed under it – compare levels of friction Relate parts of the body to simple machines (examples can be found on page 316) Complete a compass activity with lesson 5 to discuss magnetism Complete Math in Science – Measuring Motion – Activity found on page 324 Watch the Simple Machines Brain Pop Jr. video and complete activity Interdisciplinary Connections Possible Read Aloud Force Makes Things Move by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley Making Things Move by Sian Smith Move It!: Motion, Forces and You by Adrienne Mason The Magic School Bus Plays Ball: A Book About Forces by Joanna Cole Friction and Resistance (Fantastic Forces) by Chris Oxlade Forces and Motion (My World of Science) by Angela Royston Wayside School Falling Down by Louis Sacher Falling for Rapunzel by Leah Wilcox Math Connections Students will be able to demonstrate and understanding of customary and metric measurements of length and distance, selecting appropriate units of measurement. Assessments Scaffolded Questions Lesson Checkpoints Chapter Review Activity Rubrics Written Observations Chapter Review Workbook pages 113-121 Chapter Assessment – page 65 – 68 Falling for Rapunzel by Leah Wilcox Websites http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/InventorsToolbox.html http://www.physics4kids.com/files/motion_intro.html http://pbskids.org/zoom/activities/sci/ http://www.lisd.org/technology/itswebs/elem/curr/ science/2sciwebsites.htm SUBJECT Grade 2 Unit Title: Energy Suggested Timeline 10-12 days (Marking Period 4) Suggested Duration 10-12 days Big Ideas How do living things use energy? What are some sources of heat? How does light move? What are other kinds of energy? How can you change light? Standards 5.2 Physical Science: All students will understand that physical science principles, including fundamental ideas about matter, energy, and motion, are powerful conceptual tools for making sense of phenomena in physical, living, and Earth systems science. C. Forms of Energy: Knowing the characteristics of familiar forms of energy, including potential and kinetic energy, is useful in coming to the understanding that, for the most part, the natural world can be explained and is predictable. 5.1 - Science Practices: All students will understand that science is both a body of knowledge and an evidence-based, model-building enterprise that continually extends, refines, and revises knowledge. The four Science Practices strands encompass the knowledge and reasoning skills that students must acquire to be proficient in science. Strand A. Understand Scientific Explanations: Students understand core concepts and principles of science and use measurement and observation tools to assist in categorizing, representing, and interpreting the natural and designed world. Strand B. Generate Scientific Evidence Through Active Investigations: Students master the conceptual, mathematical, physical, and computational tools that need to be applied when constructing and evaluating claims. Student Learning Objectives Students will be able to identify words and construct meaning from the text, illustrations, graphics, and charts using the strategies of phonics, word structure, and context clues Students will be able to explain that a thermometer measures the amount of heat absorbed by an object Students will be able to describe how the Sun supplies heat and energy to the Earth Students will be able to Standards Addressed 5.2.2.C.1 Compare, citing evidence, the heating of different colored objects placed in full sunlight. 5.2.2.C.2 Apply a variety of strategies to collect evidence that validates the principle that if there is no light, objects cannot be seen. 5.2.2.C.3 Present evidence that represents the relationship Suggested Student Experiences Activities Create a KWL chart or use Building Background resources to assess students prior knowledge Conduct the Guided Inquiry, Direct Inquiry, and flip chart activities Complete the beginner, intermediate, and advanced ELL activity in small groups on pages 271 and 275 Research locations on Earth where the sun shines for one part of the year and not the other. Then have students complete the Science Journal response on page 273 Have students write about foods they like to eat hot and have Suggested Resources / Materials Vocabulary Energy Solar energy Source Fuel Conductor Reflect Shadow Books Energy Island: How one community harnessed the wind and changed their world by Allan Drummond Energy Makes Things Happen by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley and Paul Meisel Our Earth: Clean Energy (Our Earth (Children's Press)) by Peggy Hock describe the relationship of food to the need for energy for daily activities Students will be able to list different heat sources Students will be able to explain and illustrate ways energy and matter interact Students will be able to explain how some objects allow light to pass through and some do not Students will be able to analyze information to make predictions, make sketches and diagrams to explain ideas and draw conclusions between a light source, solid object, and the resulting shadow. illustrate what they do to make these foods hot Complete the Bird on a Wire activity on page 289 Meauring Shadows Activity – page 292 Conduct activities such as Fun with Flashlights, Shadow Makers, How to Make Shadow Puppets, Shadown Play (http://cocopreme.hubpages.com/hu b/shadowexperimentsandactivitiesfo rkids) Play Shadow Games (ideas can be found in Shadow Games (Chicken Socks) by The Editors of Klutz) Watch the BrainPop Jr. video and complete written activity Complete the Suck an Egg out of a Bottle experiment to demonstrate properties of heat (http://kidsahead.com/subjects/2wind-energy/activities/22) Interdisciplinary Connections Possible Read Alouds Energy Island: How one community harnessed the wind and changed their world by Allan Drummond Energy Makes Things Happen by Kimberly Brubaker Bradley and Paul Meisel Our Earth: Clean Energy (Our Earth (Children's Press)) by Peggy Hock Pass the Energy, Please! (Sharing Nature With Children Book) by Barbara Shaw McKinney and Chad Wallace Why Should I Save Energy? (Why Should I? Books) by Jen Green and Mike Gordon The Shocking Truth about Energy by Loreen Leedy Light and Dark (Straight Into Science) by Peter Riley Day Light, Night Light: Where Pass the Energy, Please! (Sharing Nature With Children Book) by Barbara Shaw McKinney and Chad Wallace Why Should I Save Energy? (Why Should I? Books) by Jen Green and Mike Gordon The Shocking Truth about Energy by Loreen Leedy Light and Dark (Straight Into Science) by Peter Riley Day Light, Night Light: Where Light Comes from (Let's-Read-and-Find... Science. Stage 2) by Franklyn Mansfield Branley and Stacey Schuet Light: Shadows, Mirrors, and Rainbows (Amazing Science (Picture Window)) by Natalie M. Rosinsky and Sheree Williams Shadow Games (Chicken Socks) byThe Editors of Klutz Websites http://www.kidsbuilder.com/FunFactsForKids/light .html http://www.optics4kids.org/ http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/7_ 8/light_shadows.shtml http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/gamesactivities/how wesee.html http://kidsahead.com/subjects/2-windenergy/activities/22 (http://cocopreme.hubpages.com/hub/shadowexperi mentsandactivitiesforkids Light Comes from (Let's-Read-andFind... Science. Stage 2) by Franklyn Mansfield Branley and Stacey Schuet Light: Shadows, Mirrors, and Rainbows (Amazing Science (Picture Window)) by Natalie M. Rosinsky and Sheree Williams Shadow Games (Chicken Socks) byThe Editors of Klutz Math Connections 2.MD.10 -Draw a picture graph and a bar graph (with single-unit scale) to represent a data set with up to four categories. Solve simple put-together, take-apart, and compare problems using information presented in a bar graph. Students will be able to demonstrate and understanding of customary and metric measurements of length and distance, selecting appropriate units of measurement. Assessments Scaffolded Questions Lesson Checkpoints Chapter Review Activity Rubrics Written Observations Chapter Review Workbook pages 125 - 133 Chapter Assessment – page 61-64